PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( AVG( ?numCoAuthors ) AS ?avgCoAuthors ) WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?pub ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?coAuthor ) - 1 AS ?numCoAuthors ) WHERE {
      ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/62/1960> .
      ?pub dblp:authoredBy ?coAuthor .
    }
    GROUP BY ?pub
  }
}

The average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma is approximately 5.29.

What is the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma, I will follow these steps:

1. Identify the author entity for "Y. Ma" in the dblp knowledge graph.
2. Retrieve all publications authored by Y. Ma.
3. For each publication, count the number of authors.
4. Calculate the average number of authors per publication.
5. Since the question asks for the average number of co-authors, subtract 1 from the average number of authors (to exclude Y. Ma).

First, I will search for the author entity for "Y. Ma" in the dblp knowledge graph.

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
I could not find an exact author entity for "Y. Ma" in the dblp knowledge graph using a direct search. Since "Y. Ma" is a common abbreviated name, it might be represented differently or with a full name in the knowledge graph.

I will try to find authors with the last name "Ma" and the first initial "Y" by searching for authors with the last name "Ma" and then filtering by the initial "Y" in their creator name. I will search for authors with the last name "Ma" first.

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
I could not find any author entities with the last name "Ma" using the search_entity function in the dblp knowledge graph. This might be due to the way authors are represented or indexed in the knowledge graph.

As an alternative, I will try to find publications with an author whose creator name contains "Y. Ma" and then identify the author entity from there. I will search for publications authored by someone with the name "Y. Ma" using a property search related to author names.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator
2. primary creator name (dblp:primaryCreatorName): The primary full name of the creator., creatorname, Creator
3. creator note (dblp:creatorNote): An additional note about the creator., Creator
4. created by (dblp:createdBy): The publication is created by the creator., Publication, Creator
5. number of creators (dblp:numberOfCreators): The number of creators who created this publication., Publication
6. signature creator (dblp:signatureCreator): A linked creator of the publication., Signature, Creator
7. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
8. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
9. edited by (dblp:editedBy): The publication is edited by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
10. signature dblp name (dblp:signatureDblpName): A dblp name (including any possible trailing homonym number) that links the publication to a creator., Signature

[Assistant] I found that the property dblp:creatorName represents the full name of the creator. I will now try to find authors or creators whose dblp:creatorName contains "Y. Ma" to identify the author entity for Y. Ma.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                                   | name                   |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Y. Mandel (<https://dblp.org/pid/00/6527>)               | Y. Mandel              |
| Y. Mashiko (<https://dblp.org/pid/01/1738>)              | Y. Mashiko             |
| Y. Malandrakis (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/8702>)          | Y. Malandrakis         |
| Joan K. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/9230>)           | Joan K. Y. Ma          |
| Shamseldeen Y. Mahmoud (<https://dblp.org/pid/09/11397>) | Shamseldeen Y. Mahmoud |
| Irene C. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/09/323>)           | Irene C. Y. Ma         |
| Oumar Y. Maïga (<https://dblp.org/pid/118/0777>)         | Oumar Y. Maïga         |
| Y. Mallawarachchi (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/0073>)      | Y. Mallawarachchi      |
| Q. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863>)               | Q. Y. Ma               |
| Y. Matsuo (<https://dblp.org/pid/12/1332>)               | Y. Matsuo              |

[Assistant]
I found several authors with names containing "Y. Ma," but none exactly named "Y. Ma." The closest matches are authors with names like "Joan K. Y. Ma," "Irene C. Y. Ma," and "Q. Y. Ma." Since the user specifically asked for "Y. Ma," it is ambiguous which author is meant.

To proceed, I will assume the user refers to the author with the exact creator name "Y. Ma" if it exists. I will check if there is any author with the exact creator name "Y. Ma." If not, I will inform the user about the ambiguity.

I will query for authors with the exact creator name "Y. Ma."

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                                                  |
| ------------------------------------------------------- |
| Y. Ma (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/62/1960>) |

[Assistant] I found an author entity with the exact creator name "Y. Ma" identified as <https://dblp.org/pid/62/1960> (disambiguation). Now I will retrieve all publications authored by this author and count the number of authors for each publication to calculate the average number of co-authors.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| avgCoAuthors          |
| --------------------- |
| 5.28571 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?bibtexType WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21> dblp:bibtexType ?bibtexType
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| bibtexType           |
| -------------------- |
| bibtex:Inproceedings |

The bibtex type of the publication 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application' is 'Inproceedings'.

What bibtex type of publication is 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application'?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What bibtex type of publication is 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application'?

[Assistant] I will first search for the publication entity in the dblp knowledge graph using the exact title "Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application" to identify its IRI. Then I will check the bibtex type associated with that publication.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>)
2. Aravind Natarajan et al.: Measur...ns to COVID-19 detection. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/npjdm/NatarajanSHBON21>)
3. Hui Liu et al.: ASTRA: Applicati...ining to rate adaptation. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/secon/LiuHCCR12>)
4. James M. Torson: Application of ... of radio astronomy data. (1980) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/siggraph/Torson80>)
5. Jesse Hoey: Tracking using Flock... to Assisted Handwashing. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/bmvc/Hoey06>)
6. Asako Kimura: Editor's Message t...plication of Interaction. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jip/Kimura16>)
7. Ajit Kumar et al.: Analysis of U... Topic Modeling Approach. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ihci/KumarSC21>)
8. Naçima Mellal and Asma Saighi: O...on to COVID-19 diagnosis. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pais/MellalS24>)
9. Jérémy Frey: Heart Rate Monitori... Human-Agent Interaction. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/phycs/Frey15>)
10. Beth Porter and Burçin Bozkaya: ...ement in Online Learning. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2008-08241>)

[Assistant] I found the publication "Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application" with the IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>. Now I will check the bibtex type of this publication.

[Tool]
Got 45 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn7161714                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Yugo Nakamura (<https://dblp.org/pid/163/0096>)                                                           |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Yugo Nakamura (<https://dblp.org/pid/163/0096>)                                                           |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | ACM International Joint Conferen...d Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/huc>) |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1145/3460418.3479284>                                                                 |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 6 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Using Interaction as Nudge to In... Contact-Confirming Application.                                       |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2021 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/huc/ubicomp2021ap>                                                              |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
ASK WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370> dblp:orcid ?orcid .
}

Yes, Abdel Magid S. Hamouda has an ORCID. The ORCID is https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4319.

Does Abdel Magid S. Hamouda have an ORCID?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Does Abdel Magid S. Hamouda have an ORCID?

[Assistant] To answer the question if Abdel Magid S. Hamouda has an ORCID, I need to first find the entity representing Abdel Magid S. Hamouda in the dblp knowledge graph. Then I will check if there is any property or linked data indicating an ORCID for this author. I will start by searching for the entity of Abdel Magid S. Hamouda.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Abdel Magid S. Hamouda, also known as Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>)
2. Salma Abdel Magid, also known as Salma Abdel Magid (<https://dblp.org/pid/236/5955>)
3. Abdellah Hamouda Sidhoum, also known as Abdellah Hamouda Sidhoum (<https://dblp.org/pid/343/4341>)
4. Shaw Voon Wong and Abdel Magid S...l cutting data selection. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijcat/WongH03>)
5. Sara S. Hamouda, also known as Sara S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/169/1089>)
6. Sally Hamouda, also known as Sally Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/07/10326>)
7. Abdellatif Hamouda, also known as Abdellatif Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/126/3086>)
8. Abdelhamid S. Abdelhamid, also known as Abdelhamid S. Abdelhamid (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/2755>)
9. Abdella S. Abdelrahman, also known as Abdella S. Abdelrahman (<https://dblp.org/pid/146/8489>)
10. Abdelrahman S. Abdelrahman, also known as Abdelrahman S. Abdelrahman (<https://dblp.org/pid/296/4639>)

[Assistant] I found the entity for Abdel Magid S. Hamouda in dblp: <https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>. Now I will check if there is any property or linked data indicating an ORCID for this author. I will list the properties of this entity to see if ORCID or similar identifier is present.

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                 | property                                     | object                                  |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Abdel Magid S. Hamouda                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Abdel Magid S. Hamouda                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q82600204                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4319> |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14711923                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | rdfs:label                                   | Abdel Magid S. Hamouda                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | owl:sameAs                                   | wd:Q82600204                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14711924                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14711925                            |
| ...                                                     | ...                                          | ...                                     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( MAX( ?year ) AS ?lastPublicationYear ) WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/21/151> ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| lastPublicationYear |
| ------------------- |
| 2023 (xsd:gYear)    |

David P. Chassin published their last paper in the year 2023.

In which year did David P. Chassin publish their last paper?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In which year did David P. Chassin publish their last paper?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the year in which David P. Chassin published their last paper, I need to:

1. Search for the entity representing David P. Chassin in the dblp knowledge graph.
2. Retrieve the years of publication for all papers authored by David P. Chassin.
3. Find the maximum year among those publications to determine the last year of publication.

I will start by searching for the entity of David P. Chassin.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. David P. Chassin, also known as David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>)
2. David P. Pancho, also known as David P. Pancho (<https://dblp.org/pid/16/8148>)
3. David P. Paper, also known as David P. Paper (<https://dblp.org/pid/38/2596>)
4. David P. Pappas, also known as David P. Pappas (<https://dblp.org/pid/179/7112>)
5. David P. Parker, also known as David P. Parker (<https://dblp.org/pid/148/5480>)
6. David P. Parsons, also known as David P. Parsons (<https://dblp.org/pid/61/8086>)
7. David P. Pereira, also known as David P. Pereira (<https://dblp.org/pid/56/2360>)
8. David P. Phillips, also known as David P. Phillips (<https://dblp.org/pid/264/7167>)
9. David P. Piñero, also known as David P. Piñero (<https://dblp.org/pid/230/0550>)
10. David P. Pleva, also known as David P. Pleva (<https://dblp.org/pid/41/3901>)

[Assistant] I found the entity for David P. Chassin in the dblp knowledge graph with the IRI: <https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>. Now I will retrieve the years of publication for all papers authored by David P. Chassin and find the maximum year to determine the last year of publication.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| lastPublicationYear |
| ------------------- |
| 2023 (xsd:gYear)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?wikidataID WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich> dblp:wikidata ?wikidataID .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| wikidataID  |
| ----------- |
| wd:Q7938222 |

The Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V. (Vladik Kreinovich) is wd:Q7938222.

What is the Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V.?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V.?

[Assistant] I will first search for the author "Kreinovich, V." in the dblp knowledge graph to find the exact author entity IRI. Then, I will check if there is a corresponding Wikidata ID linked to that author.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Vladik Kreinovich, also known as Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>)
2. Vladik Kreinovich: Paul Erdös, 1913-1996. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/Kreinovich96c>)
3. Shen Zuhe and Vladik Kreinovich: Preface. (1999) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/ZuheK99>)
4. Günter Mayer and Vladik Kreinovich: Preface. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/MayerK96>)
5. Vladik Kreinovich: Letters to the editor. (1993) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/nn/Kreinovich93>)
6. Vladik Kreinovich et al.: Robustness in Econometrics (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/series/sci/2017-692>)
7. Van-Nam Huynh and Vladik Kreinov...c Uncertainty: Editorial. (2009) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijar/HuynhK09>)
8. Richard A. Aló and Vladik Kreinovich: Editorial. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jaciii/AloK06>)
9. Vladik Kreinovich: Interval Meth...Knowledge Representation. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijufks/Kreinovich19d>)
10. Vladik Kreinovich: Interval Meth...Knowledge Representation. (2025) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijufks/Kreinovich25>)

[Tool]
Got 28 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                       | property                                     | object                                                              |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Vladik Kreinovich                                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Vladik Kreinovich                                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q7938222                                                         |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | affiliation (dblp:affiliation)               | University of Texas at El Paso, ...ent of Computer Science, TX, USA |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-1650>                             |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | University of Texas at El Paso, ...ent of Computer Science, TX, USA |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | webpage (dblp:webpage)                       | <https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=30656>                         |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | homepage (dblp:homepage)                     | <https://www.cs.utep.edu/vladik/>                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | primaryHomepage (dblp:primaryHomepage)       | <https://www.cs.utep.edu/vladik/>                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | wikipedia (dblp:wikipedia)                   | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladik_Kreinovich>                   |
| ...                                                           | ...                                          | ...                                                                 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?author ?authorName WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:publishedIn "InfoSecCD" ; dblp:yearOfPublication "2006" ^^ xsd:gYear ; dblp:title ?title ; dblp:authoredBy ?author .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?title ) , "information systems" ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?author dblp:creatorName ?authorName
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                          | authorName     |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>) | Shiva Azadegan |
| Blair Taylor (<https://dblp.org/pid/96/828>)    | Blair Taylor   |

The authors who published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006 are Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan.

Who are the authors that published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who are the authors that published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006?

[Assistant]
To answer the question, I need to find authors who published research papers in the venue "InfoSecCD" in the year 2006, and the papers should be about "Information systems."

Step 1: Identify how to filter papers about "Information systems." Since the knowledge graph may not have explicit subject categories, I will check if the title of the publication contains "Information systems" or if there is any other property indicating the topic.

Step 2: Filter publications by venue "InfoSecCD" and year 2006.

Step 3: Retrieve the authors of those publications.

I will first check if there are publications in "InfoSecCD" in 2006 and if their titles contain "Information systems."

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | Threading secure coding principl... information systems curriculum. |

[Assistant] There is at least one publication in the venue "InfoSecCD" in 2006 with a title containing "information systems." Now I will retrieve the authors of this publication and any other similar publications in that venue and year with titles containing "information systems."

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                          | authorName     |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------- |
| Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>) | Shiva Azadegan |
| Blair Taylor (<https://dblp.org/pid/96/828>)    | Blair Taylor   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?author ) AS ?numAuthors ) WHERE {
  VALUES ?pub {
    <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08> <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>
  }
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy ?author .
}
GROUP BY ?pub

The publication 'Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products' has 2 authors. The publication 'A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation' also has 2 authors.

Mention the number of authors of 'Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products' and 'A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation'.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Mention the number of authors of 'Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products' and 'A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation'.

[Assistant]
To answer the question, I need to find the number of authors for each of the two publications: "Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products" and "A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation".

Step 1: Search for the publication entities by their titles to get their IRIs.
Step 2: For each publication entity, count the number of authors linked by the property dblp:authoredBy.

I will start by searching for the first publication "Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>)
2. Zhuojun Zhuang et al.: On Asympt...neralized Hamming Weight. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iwsda/Zhuang0ZJHZ19>)
3. Ming Li et al.: Analysis of the ...t of the Extended wmbNAF. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/iacr/LiMZ11>)
4. Hannes Bartz et al.: Protograph-...amming Weight Amplifiers. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbc/BartzYBL20>)
5. Sonia Belaïd et al.: Differentia...the Hamming Weight Model. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/secrypt/BelaidBDGR13>)
6. Enric Morancho: A Hybrid Implementation of Hamming Weight. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pdp/Llena14>)
7. Andrea Flexeder: Interprocedural analysis of low-level code. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/dnb/Flexeder11>)
8. Dae San Kim: Weight Distributions of Hamming Codes (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-0710-1467>)
9. Birenjith Sasidharan et al.: A F...Constant Hamming Weights. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2401-16647>)
10. Norbert Hungerbühler: Numerical ...gular weighted integrals. (1994) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/computing/Hungerbuhler94>)

[Assistant]
The search for "Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products" did not return an exact match for a publication with that exact title. The closest match is "Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008)" with the IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>. I will verify the exact title for this publication before proceeding.

Next, I will search for the second publication "A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>)
2. Widodo Budiharto et al.: A metho...igation of service robot. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/paladyn/BudihartoSPJ11>)
3. Cumhur Yigit Ozcan et al.: A tim...egy for crowd navigation. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jvca/OzcanSH19>)
4. Xiaomao Zhou et al.: A Hybrid Pl...rget-Directed Navigation. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icann/ZhouWBW18>)
5. Xiaoyu Yang et al.: A layered go... mobile robot navigation. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tsmc/YangMP05>)
6. Michele Furci et al.: A combined...n populated environments. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cdc/FurciNKM15>)
7. Hanafiah B. Yussof et al.: Devel...r a biped humanoid robot. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iros/YussofYON07>)
8. Lotfi Beji et al.: A strategy for multi-robot navigation. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cdc/BejiEA11>)
9. Chengyang Peng et al.: Unified P...Bipedal Robot Navigation. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2403-17347>)
10. Nilanga Thelasingha et al.: Auto...r a reconnaissance agent. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iciis/ThelasinghaEUGE17>)

[Assistant]
The search for "A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation" returned a close match: "Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004)" with the IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>. I will verify the exact title for this publication before proceeding.

Now I will verify the exact titles of these two publications using their IRIs and then count the number of authors for each.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                            |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation. |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>)       | Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products.         |

[Assistant]
The exact titles of the publications are confirmed:
1. "Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products" with IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>
2. "A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation" with IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>

Next, I will count the number of authors for each of these publications using the dblp:authoredBy property.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | numAuthors  |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------- |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | 2 (xsd:int) |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>)       | 2 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?author WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jcisd/Galat08> dblp:authoredBy ?author .
  FILTER EXISTS {
    <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/socs/SvancaraOHBS22> dblp:authoredBy ?author
  }
}

No, the authors of the paper 'Functional Drift of Sequence Attributes in the FK506-Binding Proteins (FKBPs)' did not publish 'Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)'.

Didn't the authors of the paper 'Functional Drift of Sequence Attributes in the FK506-Binding Proteins (FKBPs)' not not publish 'Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)'?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Didn't the authors of the paper 'Functional Drift of Sequence Attributes in the FK506-Binding Proteins (FKBPs)' not not publish 'Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)'?

[Assistant]
The user question is a double negation: "Didn't the authors of paper A not not publish paper B?" which simplifies to "Did the authors of paper A publish paper B?"

Step 1: Identify the two papers by their titles:
- Paper A: "Functional Drift of Sequence Attributes in the FK506-Binding Proteins (FKBPs)"
- Paper B: "Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)"

Step 2: Find the IRIs of these two papers in dblp by searching their titles.

Step 3: Find the authors of paper A.

Step 4: Check if any of these authors also authored paper B.

If yes, then the answer is "Yes, the authors of paper A published paper B."

If no, then the answer is "No, the authors of paper A did not publish paper B."

I will start by searching for the first paper by title to get its IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Andrzej Galat: Functional Drift ...Binding Proteins (FKBPs). (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jcisd/Galat08>)
2. Andrzej Galat: Multidimensional ...ir Structural Homologues. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jcisd/Galat15>)
3. Andrzej Galat: A note on cluster...binding proteins (FKBPs). (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/candc/Galat04>)
4. Kamal Taha: Inferring the Functi...en Functional Categories. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tcbb/Taha18>)
5. Martin Kalina: Limits of Functio...pt of Nearness Relations. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/fuzzy/Kalina04>)
6. Ying Wei et al.: Identification ...J-1 Superfamily Proteins. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ploscb/WeiRWO07>)
7. Mark Wakabayashi et al.: Exploit... of Peroxisomal Proteins. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ideal/WakabayashiHMB05>)
8. Elena Pirogova et al.: Investiga...ips of oncogene proteins. (2002) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/pieee/PirogovaFAC02>)
9. David Mary Rajathei and Samuel S...s of proteins in the PDB. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/candc/RajatheiS13>)
10. Rolf Apweiler: Functional Inform...ion of Protein Sequences. (2001) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/bib/Apweiler01>)

[Assistant]
The search for the paper titled "Functional Drift of Sequence Attributes in the FK506-Binding Proteins (FKBPs)" returned no exact match in the top 10 results. However, the first result "Functional Drift ...Binding Proteins (FKBPs). (2008)" by Andrzej Galat seems to be a truncated title match and likely the correct paper. Its IRI is <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jcisd/Galat08>.

Next, I will search for the second paper "Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)" to get its IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jirí Svancara et al.: Multi-agen...Way? (Extended Abstract). (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/socs/SvancaraOHBS22>)
2. Jirí Svancara et al.: Multi-Agen...ng: This Way or That Way? (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icaart/SvancaraOHBS23>)
3. Matej Husár et al.: Reduction-ba...Maps Using Graph Pruning. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/atal/HusarSOBS22>)
4. Serafino Cicerone: Using Split C...ay - (Extended Abstract). (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/tamc/Cicerone11>)
5. Harald Ganzinger: Order-Sorted C... Way (Extended Abstract). (1989) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/tapsoft/Ganzinger89>)
6. Daniel Damir Harabor and Alban G...Pathfinding On Grid Maps. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/HaraborG11>)
7. Jirí Svancara et al.: Multi-Agen...tion [Extended Abstract]. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/socs/SvancaraTBSWK23>)
8. Lali Barrière et al.: On the Fie...aphs (Extended abstract). (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/endm/BarriereHMO11>)
9. Elias Dahlhaus et al.: On Domina...aphs (Extended Abstract). (1994) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wg/DahlhausHMO94>)
10. Feodor F. Dragan: On Greedy Matc...aphs (Extended Abstract). (1997) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wg/Dragan97>)

[Assistant]
The search for the paper titled "Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)" returned a very close match as the first result: "Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract). (2022)" by Jirí Svancara et al. Its IRI is <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/socs/SvancaraOHBS22>.

Next, I will find the authors of the first paper (Galat08) and check if any of these authors also authored the second paper (SvancaraOHBS22).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                                         |
| ---------------------------------------------- |
| Andrzej Galat (<https://dblp.org/pid/58/5120>) |

[Assistant]
The author of the paper "Functional Drift of Sequence Attributes in the FK506-Binding Proteins (FKBPs)" is Andrzej Galat.

Next, I will check if Andrzej Galat is an author of the paper "Multi-agent Pathfinding on Large Maps Using Graph Pruning: This Way or That Way? (Extended Abstract)" (IRI: <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/socs/SvancaraOHBS22>).

[Tool] False

[Tool] Stopped generation process