PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?venue ?year WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91> dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

The publication titled 'AR modeling of musical transients' was published in the venue 'ICASSP' in the year 1991.

Where was 'AR modeling of musical transients' published and when?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was 'AR modeling of musical transients' published and when?

[Assistant] To answer the question about where and when the publication titled "AR modeling of musical transients" was published, I will first search for the entity representing this publication in the dblp knowledge graph. Then, I will query the publication's venue and year of publication.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>)
2. Jade Alglave: Modeling of Architectures. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sfm/Alglave15>)
3. Peter Wonka: Procedural modeling of architecture. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/siggraph/Wonka06>)
4. Arto Klami: Modeling of mutual dependencies. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/basesearch/Klami08>)
5. Witold Pedrycz: Collaborative Ar...ctures of Fuzzy Modeling. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wcci/Pedrycz08>)
6. Colette Rolland: Modeling the evolution of artifacts. (1994) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/re/Rolland94>)
7. Giuliano Armano: Probabilistic M...of Progressive Filtering. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/Armano16>)
8. Ariane Middel: Procedural 3D Modeling of Cityscapes. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vluds/Middel06>)
9. Arne Spang: Thermomechanical modeling of magmatic systems. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/dnb/Spang22>)
10. Arnold O. Allen: Modeling of Computer Systems. (1983) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cmg/Allen83a>)

[Assistant] I found a publication titled "AR modeling of musical transients" authored by Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine, published in 1991. The publication I found has the IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>. Now I will query the venue and year of publication for this publication.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| venue  | year             |
| ------ | ---------------- |
| ICASSP | 1991 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?venue ?year WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mie/FaxvaagTJ11> dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

The paper 'Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway' was published in the venue 'MIE' in the year 2011.

Where was the paper 'Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway' published and in which year?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was the paper 'Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway' published and in which year?

[Assistant] First, I will search for the paper titled "Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway" in the dblp knowledge graph to find its entity IRI. Then, I will query the publication venue and year of publication for that paper.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arild Faxvaag et al.: Research M... Experiences from Norway. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mie/FaxvaagTJ11>)
2. Thomas T. H. Wan: Healthcare Inf...vidence-Based Management. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jms/Wan06>)
3. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/jhir>)
4. Sebastian Meyer et al.: Experien...a Joint Research Project. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/profes/MeyerARS12>)
5. Elisabeth Davenport: Social info...rch - a view from the UK. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jis/Davenport08>)
6. Riikka Vuokko: Experiences from ...and Control in Home Care. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hicss/Vuokko04>)
7. Kurt Sandkuhl and Hasan Koç: Org...om an Industrial Project. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mkwi/SandkuhlK18>)
8. International Conference on Info...echnology in Healthcare (ICIMTH) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/icimth>)
9. Brigitte Jörg et al.: Harmonisin... and Outputs from UKRISS. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eurocris/JorgWJT14>)
10. Stanislaw Strzelczak: Towards On...rom a Foresight Research. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ifip5-7/Strzelczak15a>)

[Assistant] I found the paper "Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway" authored by Arild Faxvaag et al. published in 2011 with the dblp record IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mie/FaxvaagTJ11>. Now I will query the publication venue and year of publication for this paper.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| venue | year             |
| ----- | ---------------- |
| MIE   | 2011 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
ASK WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768> ; dblp:yearOfPublication "2016" ^^ xsd:gYear .
}

No, Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna has published in 2016.

Hasn't Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna not published in 2016?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Hasn't Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna not published in 2016?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Hasn't Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna not published in 2016?" we need to check if there exists any publication authored by Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna in the year 2016 in the dblp knowledge graph.

Step 1: Search for the author entity for "Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna" in dblp.
Step 2: Check if there are any publications authored by this author with the publication year 2016.

I will start by searching for the author entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova, also known as Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768>)
2. Natalia Nikolaevna Kuchukova, also known as Natalia Nikolaevna Kuchukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/297/9939>)
3. Nataliya Kos'myna, also known as Nataliya Kos'myna (<https://dblp.org/pid/229/1000>)
4. Nataliya Petrushenko, also known as Nataliya Petrushenko (<https://dblp.org/pid/251/8870>)
5. Nataliya Yatskiv, also known as Nataliya Yatskiv (<https://dblp.org/pid/34/10476>)
6. Nataliya Chukhrova, also known as Nataliya Chukhrova (<https://dblp.org/pid/236/6716>)
7. Nataliya Strokina, also known as Nataliya Strokina (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/9596>)
8. Nataliya Serdyukova, also known as Nataliya Serdyukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/3298>)
9. Nataliya Lenchik, also known as Nataliya Lenchik (<https://dblp.org/pid/17/3223>)
10. Nataliya Kushnir, also known as Nataliya Kushnir (<https://dblp.org/pid/05/11447>)

[Assistant]
I found two possible author entities for "Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna":
1. Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova with IRI <https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768>
2. Natalia Nikolaevna Kuchukova with IRI <https://dblp.org/pid/297/9939>

I will check publications authored by the first entity (Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova) in 2016. If no results, I will check the second entity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| pub                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Nikolay Ivanovich Chervyakov et ...on Using Neural Networks. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aecia/ChervyakovBDKK15>) |

[Assistant]
The query returned one publication for Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova in 2016, which means she has published in 2016. Therefore, the statement "Hasn't Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna not published in 2016?" is false.

I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ?title WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/30/3919> ; dblp:publishedIn "CoRR" ; dblp:title ?title .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?title ) , "cloud environments" ) )
}

The publication on Cloud environments published by Chothia in CoRR is titled "Types for Location and Data Security in Cloud Environments." The author Chothia in this publication is Tom Chothia.

Mention the publication on Cloud environments that was published by Chothia in CoRR.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Mention the publication on Cloud environments that was published by Chothia in CoRR.

[Assistant]
To answer the question, I need to find a publication with a title or topic related to "Cloud environments" that was authored by Chothia and published in the venue "CoRR."

Step 1: Identify the author entity for "Chothia" in the dblp knowledge graph.
Step 2: Search for publications authored by Chothia.
Step 3: Filter those publications to find ones published in "CoRR."
Step 4: Check if the publication is related to "Cloud environments" by inspecting the title.

I will start by searching for the author entity for "Chothia."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cyrus Chothia, also known as Cyrus Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/86/713>)
2. Zaheer Chothia, also known as Zaheer Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/151/7519>)
3. Tom Chothia, also known as Tom Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/30/3919>)
4. Tom Chothia and Dominic Duggan: ...bility-Passing Processes. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/entcs/ChothiaD06>)
5. Tom Chothia et al.: Probabilisti...oint Information Leakage. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/csfw/ChothiaKNP13>)
6. Tom Chothia et al.: Type-Based Distributed Access Control. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/csfw/ChothiaDV03>)
7. Zaheer Chothia et al.: Grok the data center. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/apsys/ChothiaYR14>)
8. Tom Chothia and Dominic Duggan: ...bility passing processes. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/scp/ChothiaD07>)
9. Tom Chothia et al.: Phishing Attacks: Learning by Doing. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/uss/ChothiaPO18>)
10. Zaheer Chothia et al.: Explainin...in Modern Data Analytics. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/pvldb/ChothiaLMR16>)

[Assistant]
I found multiple authors with the name "Chothia." The most likely candidates are:
- Cyrus Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/86/713>)
- Zaheer Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/151/7519>)
- Tom Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/30/3919>)

Since the question does not specify the first name, I will check publications by these three authors to find one published in "CoRR" related to "Cloud environments."

Next, I will query publications authored by each of these authors and filter for those published in "CoRR."

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Qian Ge et al.: Time Protection: the Missing OS Abstraction. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-05345>) | Time Protection: the Missing OS Abstraction.                        |
| Chris McMahon Stone et al.: The ...l State Machine Learning. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2106-02623>) | The Closer You Look, The More Yo...Protocol State Machine Learning. |
| Ivan Gazeau et al.: Types for Lo...ty in Cloud Environments. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/GazeauCD17>)     | Types for Location and Data Security in Cloud Environments.         |

[Assistant]
Among the publications authored by Chothia in CoRR, I found one titled "Types for Location and Data Security in Cloud Environments." This publication is authored by Ivan Gazeau et al., including an author with the last name Chothia. This matches the topic "Cloud environments" and the venue "CoRR."

I will now confirm that the author Chothia in this publication is one of the identified Chothia authors.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- |
| Tom Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/30/3919>) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?year WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jetc/WangOWHOO10> dblp:yearOfPublication ?year
}

Yes, the publication 'Design considerations of sub-mW indoor light energy harvesting for wireless sensor systems' was published in the year 2010.

Wasn't 'Design considerations of sub-mW indoor light energy harvesting for wireless sensor systems' published in the year 2010?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Wasn't 'Design considerations of sub-mW indoor light energy harvesting for wireless sensor systems' published in the year 2010?

[Assistant] To answer this question, I will first search for the publication entity with the exact title "Design considerations of sub-mW indoor light energy harvesting for wireless sensor systems" in the dblp knowledge graph. Then, I will check the year of publication for that publication to verify if it was published in the year 2010.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Wensi Wang et al.: Design consid... wireless sensor systems. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jetc/WangOWHOO10>)
2. Jorge Juan Robles: Consideration...Wireless Sensor Networks. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ifip6-6/Robles11>)
3. Vijay Raghunathan et al.: Design...ireless embedded systems. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ipsn/RaghunathanKHFS05>)
4. Jesús Gómez-Vilardebó: Competiti...ss communication systems. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/globalsip/Gomez-Vilardebo14>)
5. Lydia Schott et al.: Validation ...Wireless Sensor Networks. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/IEEEssd/SchottSD19>)
6. James M. Gilbert and Farooq Balo...wireless sensor networks. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijautcomp/GilbertB08>)
7. Usman Asghar et al.: Development...gn for Energy Harvesting. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1802-05755>)
8. Pierpaolo Loreti et al.: The Des...or Tracking Pink Iguanas. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/LoretiCLBGN19>)
9. Alessandro Vinco et al.: AA-Batt...less Sensor Applications. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/applepies/VincoSBW14>)
10. Yen Kheng Tan and Sanjib Kumar P...of Wireless Sensor Nodes. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tie/TanP11>)

[Assistant] I found the publication "Design considerations of sub-mW indoor light energy harvesting for wireless sensor systems" with the IRI <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jetc/WangOWHOO10>. Now I will check its year of publication to verify if it was published in 2010.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| year             |
| ---------------- |
| 2010 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?year WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:title "Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality" ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
  FILTER ( ?pub = <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cvpr/GammeterGBQG10> )
}

The publication titled 'Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality' was published in the year 2010.

What year was 'Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality' published?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What year was 'Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality' published?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the publication year of the paper titled "Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality," I will first search for the entity (publication) in the dblp knowledge graph using the exact title. Then, I will retrieve the year of publication for that entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Stephan Gammeter et al.: Server-...mobile augmented reality. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cvpr/GammeterGBQG10>)
2. Yassine Lehiani et al.: Object i...mobile augmented reality. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icsipa/LehianiPMG15>)
3. Wolfgang Hürst and Joris Dekker:...mobile augmented reality. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mm/HurstD13>)
4. Kittipat Apicharttrisorn et al.:...mobile augmented reality. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sensys/Apicharttrisorn19>)
5. Chandrasekar Ravi and Manoja Tal...ted reality applications. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijcvr/RaviT24>)
6. Rodrigo L. S. Silva et al.: Obje...ugmented Reality Systems. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iv/SilvaRGC05>)
7. Jaewon Ha et al.: Scalable recog...mobile augmented reality. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vrcai/HaCY10>)
8. Pengfei Han and Gang Zhao: CAD-b...mobile augmented reality. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cg/HanZ15>)
9. Nohyoung Park et al.: Barcode-As...Mobile Augmented Reality. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isuvr/ParkLW11>)
10. Oliver Beren Kaul et al.: Mobile... with Visual Impairments. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/chi/KaulBR21>)

[Assistant] I found a publication with the exact title "Server-side object recognition and client-side object tracking for mobile augmented reality" authored by Stephan Gammeter et al. in 2010. I will now retrieve the year of publication for this publication to confirm.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] The direct query for the publication year using the exact publication IRI did not return a result. I will try a more general query to find the year of publication for the publication with the given title by searching for any publication with that title and retrieving its year of publication.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query to find the publication year by the exact title returned no results, which might indicate that the title is not exactly stored as given or the publication is not in the dblp dataset. I will try to find the publication by searching for parts of the title or by the author name "Stephan Gammeter" and then check the titles and years of his publications to identify the correct one.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Stephan Gammeter, also known as Stephan Gammeter (<https://dblp.org/pid/20/788>)
2. Stephan Stephany, also known as Stephan Stephany (<https://dblp.org/pid/32/2517>)
3. Stephan Hartmann 0001, also known as Stephan Hartmann (<https://dblp.org/pid/41/5344-1>)
4. Stephan Kreutzer, also known as Stephan Kreutzer (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/StephanKreutzer>)
5. Stephan Weiss 0001, also known as Stephan Weiss (<https://dblp.org/pid/19/4190-1>)
6. Stephan Mandt, also known as Stephan Mandt (<https://dblp.org/pid/147/5018>)
7. Stephan Diehl 0001, also known as Stephan Diehl (<https://dblp.org/pid/d/StephanDiehl1>)
8. Stephan Winter 0001, also known as Stephan Winter (<https://dblp.org/pid/14/4836-1>)
9. Frank Stephan 0001, also known as Frank Stephan (<https://dblp.org/pid/s/FrankStephan>)
10. Stephan Frei, also known as Stephan Frei (<https://dblp.org/pid/f/StephanFrei>)

[Assistant] I found an author entity for Stephan Gammeter with the IRI <https://dblp.org/pid/20/788>. I will now retrieve the publications authored by Stephan Gammeter to check if the publication with the given title is among them and to find its year of publication.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Stephan Gammeter et al.: Server-...mobile augmented reality. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cvpr/GammeterGBQG10>) | Server-side object recognition a...ng for mobile augmented reality. | 2010 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?author ?authorName WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:yearOfPublication "1997" ^^ xsd:gYear ; dblp:publishedIn "ASP-DAC" ; dblp:title ?title ; dblp:authoredBy ?author .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?title ) , "decision diagrams" ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?author dblp:creatorName ?authorName
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                                   | authorName      |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
| Reinhard Enders (<https://dblp.org/pid/93/912>)          | Reinhard Enders |
| Bernd Becker 0001 (<https://dblp.org/pid/b/BerndBecker>) | Bernd Becker    |
| Rolf Drechsler (<https://dblp.org/pid/d/RolfDrechsler>)  | Rolf Drechsler  |

The authors who published papers about Decision diagrams in ASP-DAC in 1997 are Reinhard Enders, Bernd Becker, and Rolf Drechsler.

In 1997 in ASP-DAC, who are the authors that published papers about Decision diagrams?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In 1997 in ASP-DAC, who are the authors that published papers about Decision diagrams?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to find publications from the year 1997 that were published in the venue "ASP-DAC" and have titles or content related to "Decision diagrams." Then, I will retrieve the authors of those publications.

Step 1: Verify the exact venue name for ASP-DAC in the dblp knowledge graph.
Step 2: Search for publications in 1997 in that venue.
Step 3: Filter those publications by the presence of "Decision diagrams" in the title.
Step 4: Retrieve the authors of those publications.

I will start by searching for the venue "ASP-DAC" in dblp to confirm the exact string used for the venue.

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. ASP-DAC
2. ASP-DAC/VLSI Design

[Assistant]
The venue name "ASP-DAC" is used as a literal string in dblp:publishedIn. So I can directly filter publications by dblp:publishedIn = "ASP-DAC".

Next, I will query for publications published in 1997 in the venue "ASP-DAC" and filter those whose titles contain "Decision diagrams" (case insensitive). Then I will retrieve the authors of those publications.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                                   | authorName      |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
| Reinhard Enders (<https://dblp.org/pid/93/912>)          | Reinhard Enders |
| Bernd Becker 0001 (<https://dblp.org/pid/b/BerndBecker>) | Bernd Becker    |
| Rolf Drechsler (<https://dblp.org/pid/d/RolfDrechsler>)  | Rolf Drechsler  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
ASK WHERE {
  {
    <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/random/HallLS03> dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/80/2691>
  } UNION {
    <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/algorithmica/HallLS07> dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/80/2691>
  }
}

Yes, Martin Skutella has published the paper 'An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times'.

Has Martin Skutella not not published the paper 'An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times'?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Has Martin Skutella not not published the paper 'An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times'?

[Assistant]
The user question is a double negation: "Has Martin Skutella not not published the paper 'An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times'?" which simplifies to "Has Martin Skutella published the paper 'An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times'?"

Step 1: Identify the author entity for "Martin Skutella" in the dblp knowledge graph.
Step 2: Identify the publication entity for the paper titled "An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times".
Step 3: Check if the publication is authored by Martin Skutella.

I will start by searching for the author entity of Martin Skutella.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Martin Skutella, also known as Martin Skutella (<https://dblp.org/pid/80/2691>)
2. Quentin Louveaux and Martin Skutella: Preface. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/mp/LouveauxS18>)
3. Christos Kaklamanis and Martin Skutella: Preface. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tcs/KaklamanisS11>)
4. Martin Skutella: Convex Quadratic Programming in Scheduling. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/sp/15/Skutella15>)
5. Martin, also known as Martin (<https://dblp.org/pid/232/3822>)
6. Martin Martinez-Salvador, also known as Martin Martinez-Salvador (<https://dblp.org/pid/216/0725>)
7. Martin Martinez, also known as Martin Martinez (<https://dblp.org/pid/144/4889>)
8. Martin Martinelli, also known as Martin Martinelli (<https://dblp.org/pid/308/4205>)
9. Martín Martín-González, also known as Martín Martín-González (<https://dblp.org/pid/174/6870>)
10. Martin Vetterli, also known as Martin Vetterli (<https://dblp.org/pid/v/MVetterli>)

[Assistant]
I found the author entity for Martin Skutella: <https://dblp.org/pid/80/2691>.

Next, I will search for the publication entity with the exact title "An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times" in the dblp knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Alexander Hall et al.: An FPTAS ...-Dependent Transit Times. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/random/HallLS03>)
2. Alexander Hall et al.: An FPTAS ...-Dependent Transit Times. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/algorithmica/HallLS07>)
3. Ekkehard Köhler and Martin Skute...-Dependent Transit Times. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/siamjo/KohlerS05>)
4. Ekkehard Köhler and Martin Skute...-dependent transit times. (2002) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/soda/KohlerS02>)
5. Lisa Fleischer: Faster Algorithm... with Zero Transit Times. (1998) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/soda/Fleischer98>)
6. Anya Chaturvedi et al.: Improved...s With Arbitrary Demands. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ton/ChaturvediCLRRSW24>)
7. Anya Chaturvedi et al.: Improved...s with Arbitrary Demands. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sigmetrics/ChaturvediCRRSW22>)
8. Daniel Dressler and Martin Skute...Aggregate Arc Capacities. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/waoa/DresslerS10>)
9. Nadine Baumann and Ekkehard Köhl...-Dependent Transit Times. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mfcs/BaumannK04>)
10. Nadine Baumann and Ekkehard Köhl...-dependent transit times. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/BaumannK07>)

[Assistant]
I found two relevant publication entities with similar titles:

1. <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/random/HallLS03> (2003)
2. <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/algorithmica/HallLS07> (2007)

Both have the title "An FPTAS for Quickest Multicommodity Flows with Inflow-Dependent Transit Times" or very close.

I will now check if Martin Skutella (author entity <https://dblp.org/pid/80/2691>) is an author of either of these publications.

[Tool] True

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?pub WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/96/277> ; dblp:yearOfPublication "2001" ^^ xsd:gYear .
}
LIMIT 1

Yes, Barbara Von Eckardt did publish in 2001. There is at least one publication authored by her in that year.

Didn't Eckardt, Barbara Von not publish in 2001?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Didn't Eckardt, Barbara Von not publish in 2001?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to check if there exists any publication authored by "Eckardt, Barbara Von" in the year 2001 in the dblp knowledge graph.

Step 1: Search for the author entity for "Eckardt, Barbara Von" in dblp.
Step 2: Query for publications authored by this author with the publication year 2001.

I will start with step 1 and search for the author entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Barbara Von Eckardt, also known as Barbara Von Eckardt (<https://dblp.org/pid/96/277>)
2. Barbara Von Eckardt: Multidiscip...ty and cognitive science. (2001) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cogsci/Eckardt01>)
3. Barbara von Wahlde, also known as Barbara von Wahlde (<https://dblp.org/pid/25/3470>)
4. Barbara von Ungern-Sternberg, also known as Barbara von Ungern-Sternberg (<https://dblp.org/pid/212/3070>)
5. Barbara von Rechbach, also known as Barbara von Rechbach (<https://dblp.org/pid/210/6423>)
6. Barbara von Hindenburg, also known as Barbara von Hindenburg (<https://dblp.org/pid/318/5947>)
7. Barbara von Halle, also known as Barbara von Halle (<https://dblp.org/pid/19/2063>)
8. Barbara Kirchberg-Lennartz: Prüfbarkeit von EDV-Systemen. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/dnb/Kirchberg-Lennartz91>)
9. Barbara Janusz: Modellbasierte R...on von Geschäftsprozessen (1998) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/basesearch/Janusz98>)
10. Barbara Liskov, also known as Barbara Liskov (<https://dblp.org/pid/l/BarbaraLiskov>)

[Assistant] I found the author entity for "Barbara Von Eckardt" as <https://dblp.org/pid/96/277>. Now I will check if this author has any publications in the year 2001.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| pub                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Barbara Von Eckardt: Multidiscip...ty and cognitive science. (2001) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cogsci/Eckardt01>) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process