PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( AVG( ?numCoauthors ) AS ?averageCoauthors ) WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?paper ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?coauthor ) - 1 AS ?numCoauthors ) WHERE {
      ?paper dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863> .
      ?paper dblp:authoredBy ?coauthor .
    }
    GROUP BY ?paper
  }
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| averageCoauthors |
| ---------------- |
| 7 (xsd:decimal)  |

For Q. Y. Ma (https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863), the average number of co-authors per research paper is 7, based on the only paper attributed to this author in the DBLP knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for "Y. Ma" in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Find all research papers authored by Y. Ma.
3. For each paper, count the number of co-authors.
4. Compute the average number of co-authors per paper.

Let's start by searching for the entity representing "Y. Ma" in DBLP.

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
It appears that there is no direct match for "Y. Ma" as an entity in the DBLP knowledge graph. This could be due to the commonality of the name or the way author entities are represented (e.g., with additional initials or full names).

To proceed, I will try searching for variations of the name, such as "Y Ma" (without the period) or "Ma, Y." to see if any author entities can be found.

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant] The search for "Y Ma" also did not return any entities. Since DBLP often uses the format "Lastname, Firstname" or includes middle initials, I will try searching for "Ma, Y" next.

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
I was unable to find an entity for "Y. Ma" using several common name formats. This suggests that the DBLP knowledge graph may not have a directly accessible entity for this author, or the author may be listed with a more specific name (e.g., including a middle initial or full first name).

Without the correct author entity, I cannot construct a precise SPARQL query to answer the question about the average number of co-authors for Y. Ma's papers.

If you can provide more details (such as a full name, an example paper, or an affiliation), I could try searching with that information. Otherwise, I am unable to proceed with a satisfactory SPARQL query for this question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The explanation correctly identifies a common challenge with author name disambiguation, especially for short or common names like 'Y. Ma.' However, the system should attempt to construct a SPARQL query that searches for authors with labels matching 'Y. Ma' (using FILTER or regex on rdfs:label) to at least attempt to retrieve possible candidates. Even if the result is ambiguous, returning a list of possible 'Y. Ma' entities or their papers would be more helpful than failing outright. Suggest refining the approach to include a broader search for the author entity and, if multiple candidates are found, either return all or prompt for clarification.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: instead of stopping when no exact entity is found, I should attempt a broader search using SPARQL to match author labels with "Y. Ma" (using FILTER or regex on rdfs:label). This can help identify possible candidates, even if the result is ambiguous.

Here’s my revised approach:
1. Write a SPARQL query to find author entities whose rdfs:label matches "Y. Ma" (case-insensitive, using regex).
2. If candidates are found, retrieve their IRIs and labels.
3. If multiple candidates exist, return the list for clarification or proceed to aggregate results for all.
4. If at least one candidate is found, proceed to calculate the average number of co-authors for their papers.

Let me start by constructing a SPARQL query to find author entities with labels matching "Y. Ma".

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
It appears that the SPARQL query execution timed out, possibly due to the complexity or size of the search. To improve performance, I will try a slightly broader but more efficient query, using a less restrictive regex (e.g., "Y. Ma" anywhere in the label) and limiting the number of results.

Let's try again, but with a LIMIT to avoid timeouts.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                                                   | label                  |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Y. Mandel (<https://dblp.org/pid/00/6527>)               | Y. Mandel              |
| Y. Mashiko (<https://dblp.org/pid/01/1738>)              | Y. Mashiko             |
| Y. Malandrakis (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/8702>)          | Y. Malandrakis         |
| Joan K. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/9230>)           | Joan K. Y. Ma          |
| Shamseldeen Y. Mahmoud (<https://dblp.org/pid/09/11397>) | Shamseldeen Y. Mahmoud |
| ...                                                      | ...                    |
| Y. Maas (<https://dblp.org/pid/123/6722>)                | Y. Maas                |
| Yasuko Y. Maruo (<https://dblp.org/pid/126/5886>)        | Yasuko Y. Maruo        |
| Y. Martemianov (<https://dblp.org/pid/126/8506>)         | Y. Martemianov         |
| Melissa Y. Macias (<https://dblp.org/pid/129/4433>)      | Melissa Y. Macias      |
| Y. Maghsoodi (<https://dblp.org/pid/129/5945>)           | Y. Maghsoodi           |

[Assistant]
The query returned several author entities whose labels contain "Y. Ma", but none with the exact label "Y. Ma". The closest matches are names like "Joan K. Y. Ma" and others with "Y. Ma" as part of a longer name.

Given this, the next step is to focus on author entities whose labels end with "Y. Ma" or contain "Y. Ma" as a distinct part, to avoid false positives like "Y. Mandel" or "Y. Mashiko". I will refine the regex to match labels that end with "Y. Ma" or have it as a separate part (e.g., "Joan K. Y. Ma").

Let me try a more targeted regex and increase the LIMIT to see if we can find any "Y. Ma" or similar.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                                                                                | label                                                               |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Joan K. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/9230>)                                                                    | Joan K. Y. Ma                                                       |
| Irene C. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/09/323>)                                                                    | Irene C. Y. Ma                                                      |
| Oumar Y. Maïga (<https://dblp.org/pid/118/0777>)                                                                  | Oumar Y. Maïga                                                      |
| Q. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863>)                                                                        | Q. Y. Ma                                                            |
| Joan K.-Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/12/9235>)                                                                    | Joan K.-Y. Ma                                                       |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                 |
| X. Y. Ma et al.: Resistive switc...onductor (EOS) structure. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/nems/MaSCW13>)    | X. Y. Ma et al.: Resistive switc...onductor (EOS) structure. (2013) |
| Philip Y. Ma et al.: Microwave p...ed device fingerprinting. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ofc/MaHCBZP17>)   | Philip Y. Ma et al.: Microwave p...ed device fingerprinting. (2017) |
| B. John Oommen and Daniel C. Y. ...hastic Learning Automata. (1987) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sigir/OommenM87>) | B. John Oommen and Daniel C. Y. ...hastic Learning Automata. (1987) |
| Matthew Y. Ma and Patrick Shen-P... Handwritten Annotations. (1998) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sspr/MaW98>)      | Matthew Y. Ma and Patrick Shen-P... Handwritten Annotations. (1998) |
| Matthew Y. Ma et al.: Studies of... Handwritten Annotations. (2000) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sspr/MaZW00>)     | Matthew Y. Ma et al.: Studies of... Handwritten Annotations. (2000) |

[Assistant]
The refined query found several author entities with labels containing "Y. Ma" as part of a longer name, such as "Joan K. Y. Ma", "Irene C. Y. Ma", "Q. Y. Ma", "Joan K.-Y. Ma", and others. There is no exact "Y. Ma", but "Q. Y. Ma" and similar are plausible candidates.

Given the ambiguity, the best approach is to:
- Aggregate results for all author entities whose label matches the pattern "Y. Ma" (including those with middle initials).
- For each such author, find their papers and compute the average number of co-authors.

I will now construct a SPARQL query that:
1. Finds all author entities whose label matches the regex "\bY\. Ma\b" (case-insensitive).
2. For each such author, finds their papers.
3. For each paper, counts the number of authors.
4. Computes the average number of co-authors per paper (excluding the author themselves).

Let's proceed step by step, starting with finding papers for these authors.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
The following knowledge graph items are used in the SPARQL query without being known from previous function calls:
dblp:author

[Assistant]
It appears that the property dblp:author is not recognized in the DBLP knowledge graph as used in the query. To proceed, I need to determine the correct property for linking papers to their authors.

I'll search for properties related to "author" in the DBLP knowledge graph to find the correct one to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
2. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
3. edited by (dblp:editedBy): The publication is edited by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
4. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
5. published in book (dblp:publishedInBook): The name of the book in which the publication has been published...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication, publishedIn
6. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator
7. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
8. published in series (dblp:publishedInSeries): The name of the series in which the publication has been publish...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication, publishedIn
9. created by (dblp:createdBy): The publication is created by the creator., Publication, Creator
10. published in book chapter (dblp:publishedInBookChapter): The chapter of the book in which the publication has been publis...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication

[Assistant]
The property dblp:authoredBy is described as linking a publication to its creator (author). This is likely the correct property to use for finding papers authored by a given author entity.

I will now update the query to use dblp:authoredBy to find papers for authors whose label matches "Y. Ma".

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
The query timed out again, likely due to the broadness of the search or the size of the dataset. To improve performance, I will further restrict the query by limiting the number of authors considered and the number of papers retrieved per author.

Let me first retrieve just the author IRIs and labels matching "Y. Ma" and then, for one or two of these, attempt to retrieve their papers and co-authors.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                               | label              |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Joan K. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/9230>)       | Joan K. Y. Ma      |
| Irene C. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/09/323>)       | Irene C. Y. Ma     |
| Oumar Y. Maïga (<https://dblp.org/pid/118/0777>)     | Oumar Y. Maïga     |
| Q. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863>)           | Q. Y. Ma           |
| Joan K.-Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/12/9235>)       | Joan K.-Y. Ma      |
| Katherine H. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/133/1776>) | Katherine H. Y. Ma |
| W. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/138/0255>)           | W. Y. Ma           |
| Annie Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/150/2964>)        | Annie Y. Ma        |
| Qianli D. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/155/9756>)    | Qianli D. Y. Ma    |
| Philip Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/220/1757>)       | Philip Y. Ma       |

[Assistant]
We have found several author entities whose labels match the pattern "Y. Ma" (with various initials). Since the original question is ambiguous about which "Y. Ma" is intended, I will proceed to demonstrate the calculation for one example: "Q. Y. Ma" (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863>). This approach can be repeated for any of the listed candidates.

Next, I will:
1. Retrieve all papers authored by Q. Y. Ma.
2. For each paper, count the number of distinct authors.
3. Compute the average number of co-authors per paper.

Let's start by retrieving all papers authored by Q. Y. Ma and their co-authors.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| paper                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| K. H. Lee et al.: Performance of...coil in 0.21T MRI system. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tbe/LeeCCWYLMY04>) |

[Assistant]
It appears that there is only one paper in the DBLP knowledge graph attributed to "Q. Y. Ma" (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863>). The paper is:

- K. H. Lee et al.: Performance of...coil in 0.21T MRI system. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tbe/LeeCCWYLMY04>)

To answer the original question for this author, I will now:
1. Retrieve all authors of this paper.
2. Count the number of co-authors (excluding Q. Y. Ma).
3. Since there is only one paper, the average number of co-authors will be the number of co-authors for this paper.

Let's retrieve all authors of this paper.

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 1 column:
| author                                                       |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| S. S. M. Yeung (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2778>)             |
| Q. Y. Ma (<https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863>)                   |
| E. S. Yang (<https://dblp.org/pid/38/1193>)                  |
| K. K. Wong (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/41/6047>) |
| K. H. Lee (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/58/6649>)  |
| K. C. Lee (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/2289>)                   |
| K. C. Chan (<https://dblp.org/pid/93/6498>)                  |
| M. C. Cheng (<https://dblp.org/pid/96/6421>)                 |

[Assistant]
The paper authored by Q. Y. Ma has 8 authors in total. Excluding Q. Y. Ma, there are 7 co-authors.

Since there is only one paper for this author in the DBLP knowledge graph, the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Q. Y. Ma is 7.

Here is the SPARQL query that calculates the average number of co-authors for all papers authored by Q. Y. Ma (generalized for more papers):

```sparql
SELECT (AVG(?numCoauthors) AS ?averageCoauthors) WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?paper (COUNT(DISTINCT ?coauthor) - 1 AS ?numCoauthors) WHERE {
      ?paper dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/119/2863> .
      ?paper dblp:authoredBy ?coauthor .
    } GROUP BY ?paper
  }
}
```

I will now provide this as the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly calculates the average number of co-authors per paper for Y. Ma by first counting the number of distinct co-authors (including Y. Ma) for each paper, subtracting one to exclude Y. Ma, and then averaging over all papers. The query returns the actual value as required, and the answer is consistent with the query result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?bibtexType WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21> dblp:bibtexType ?bibtexType
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| bibtexType           |
| -------------------- |
| bibtex:Inproceedings |

The bibtex type of publication for 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application' is 'Inproceedings'.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What bibtex type of publication is 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application'?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find the publication with the title "Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application" in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Then, we need to determine its bibtex type (e.g., article, inproceedings, etc.).

First, I will search for the publication entity using its title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>)
2. Aravind Natarajan et al.: Measur...ns to COVID-19 detection. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/npjdm/NatarajanSHBON21>)
3. Hui Liu et al.: ASTRA: Applicati...ining to rate adaptation. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/secon/LiuHCCR12>)
4. Jesse Hoey: Tracking using Flock... to Assisted Handwashing. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/bmvc/Hoey06>)
5. James M. Torson: Application of ... of radio astronomy data. (1980) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/siggraph/Torson80>)
6. Asako Kimura: Editor's Message t...plication of Interaction. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jip/Kimura16>)
7. Ajit Kumar et al.: Analysis of U... Topic Modeling Approach. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ihci/KumarSC21>)
8. Naçima Mellal and Asma Saighi: O...on to COVID-19 diagnosis. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pais/MellalS24>)
9. Jérémy Frey: Heart Rate Monitori... Human-Agent Interaction. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/phycs/Frey15>)
10. Beth Porter and Burçin Bozkaya: ...ement in Online Learning. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2008-08241>)

[Assistant]
The top search result matches the title closely:
"Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application. (2021)"
Entity IRI: https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21

Next, I will look for the bibtex type of this publication. This is typically indicated by a property such as `rdf:type` or a bibtex-specific property. I will list the properties of this entity to find the relevant one.

[Tool]
Got 45 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn6872357                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Yuki Matsuda 0001 (<https://dblp.org/pid/98/4288-1>)                                                      |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Yuki Matsuda 0001 (<https://dblp.org/pid/98/4288-1>)                                                      |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | ACM International Joint Conferen...d Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/huc>) |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1145/3460418.3479284>                                                                 |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 6 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Using Interaction as Nudge to In... Contact-Confirming Application.                                       |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2021 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/huc/ubicomp2021ap>                                                              |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| bibtexType           |
| -------------------- |
| bibtex:Inproceedings |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the bibtex type of the specified publication by its IRI and the answer matches the query result. The query returns the actual identifier (IRI) for the bibtex type as required. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?orcid WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370> dblp:orcid ?orcid
}

Yes, Abdel Magid S. Hamouda has an ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4319

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Does Abdel Magid S. Hamouda have an ORCID?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for "Abdel Magid S. Hamouda" in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Find the property that links a person to their ORCID.
3. Write a SPARQL query to check if this person has an ORCID.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Abdel Magid S. Hamouda" in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Abdel Magid S. Hamouda, also known as Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>)
2. Salma Abdel Magid, also known as Salma Abdel Magid (<https://dblp.org/pid/236/5955>)
3. Abdellah Hamouda Sidhoum, also known as Abdellah Hamouda Sidhoum (<https://dblp.org/pid/343/4341>)
4. Shaw Voon Wong and Abdel Magid S...l cutting data selection. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijcat/WongH03>)
5. Sara S. Hamouda, also known as Sara S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/169/1089>)
6. Sally Hamouda, also known as Sally Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/07/10326>)
7. Abdelatif Hamouda, also known as Abdelatif Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/215/1677>)
8. Abdelazeem S. Abdelazeem, also known as Abdelazeem S. Abdelazeem (<https://dblp.org/pid/190/8885>)
9. Abdel Magid Bakheit, also known as Abdel Magid Bakheit (<https://dblp.org/pid/179/1770>)
10. Abdel Salam Sayyad, also known as Abdel Salam Sayyad (<https://dblp.org/pid/129/8205>)

[Assistant]
The top entity match for "Abdel Magid S. Hamouda" in DBLP is:
- Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>)

Next, I need to determine which property in DBLP links a person to their ORCID. I'll search for properties related to "ORCID".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. orcid (dblp:orcid): An Open Researcher and Contributor ID., identifier, Creator
2. signature orcid (dblp:signatureOrcid): An ORCID that links the publication to a creator., Signature
3. omid (dblp:omid): An OpenCitations Meta Identifier., Publication, identifier
4. doi (dblp:doi): A Digital Object Identifier., Publication, identifier
5. signature ordinal (dblp:signatureOrdinal): The ordinal number of this signature for the publication, starting with 1., Signature
6. version ordinal (dblp:versionOrdinal): The ordinal number of the specific (instance) publication versio...ge, nor is there a necessary relationship to the version labels., VersionRelation
7. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
8. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
9. affiliation (dblp:affiliation): A (past or present) affiliation of the creator. (Remark: This pr...ring values until institutions are modelled as proper entities.), creatorNote, Creator
10. edited by (dblp:editedBy): The publication is edited by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for linking a person to their ORCID in DBLP is:
- dblp:orcid

Now, I will check if the entity <https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370> (Abdel Magid S. Hamouda) has a value for the property dblp:orcid. If so, he has an ORCID. If not, he does not.

I will write an ASK query to directly answer whether this triple exists.

[Tool] True

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| orcid                                   |
| --------------------------------------- |
| <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4319> |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly checks for the presence of an ORCID for Abdel Magid S. Hamouda by querying the dblp:orcid property for the correct DBLP entity. The result matches the answer provided and follows all guidelines. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?paper ?year WHERE {
  ?paper dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/21/151> .
  ?paper dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?year )
LIMIT 1

David P. Chassin published their last paper in 2023.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In which year did David P. Chassin publish their last paper?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "David P. Chassin" in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. We need to find all papers authored by this person.
3. For each paper, we need to get its publication year.
4. We need to find the latest (maximum) year among these.

Let's start by searching for the entity "David P. Chassin" in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. David P. Chassin, also known as David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>)
2. David Chassin, also known as David Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/50/7957>)
3. David P. Phillips, also known as David P. Phillips (<https://dblp.org/pid/264/7167>)
4. David P. Piñero, also known as David P. Piñero (<https://dblp.org/pid/230/0550>)
5. David P. Pereira, also known as David P. Pereira (<https://dblp.org/pid/56/2360>)
6. David P. Pleva, also known as David P. Pleva (<https://dblp.org/pid/41/3901>)
7. David P. Pope, also known as David P. Pope (<https://dblp.org/pid/201/5414>)
8. David P. Potasek, also known as David P. Potasek (<https://dblp.org/pid/18/595>)
9. David P. Pancho, also known as David P. Pancho (<https://dblp.org/pid/16/8148>)
10. David P. Paper, also known as David P. Paper (<https://dblp.org/pid/38/2596>)

[Assistant]
The top result for "David P. Chassin" is the entity <https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>.

Next, I need to find all papers authored by this person and retrieve their publication years, then determine the latest year. I will search for papers authored by this entity and check for the property that links an author to their publications.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                          | property                                     | object                 |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | David P. Chassin       |
| David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | David P. Chassin       |
| David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14354079           |
| David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) | rdfs:label                                   | David P. Chassin       |
| David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator
2. primary creator name (dblp:primaryCreatorName): The primary full name of the creator., creatorname, Creator

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
2. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
3. edited by (dblp:editedBy): The publication is edited by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
4. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
5. published in book (dblp:publishedInBook): The name of the book in which the publication has been published...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication, publishedIn
6. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator
7. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
8. published in series (dblp:publishedInSeries): The name of the series in which the publication has been publish...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication, publishedIn
9. created by (dblp:createdBy): The publication is created by the creator., Publication, Creator
10. published in book chapter (dblp:publishedInBookChapter): The chapter of the book in which the publication has been publis...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication

[Tool]
Got 27 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                           |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Yingying Tang et al.: Generation...eliable system operation. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgt/TangKZJLHZXEC18>)       | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Raffi Avo Sevlian et al.: VADER:...ributed Energy Resources. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1708-09473>)    | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Curran Crawford et al.: Addressi...ion mode electrification. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ccece/CrawfordFCITABC16>)    | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Soumya Kundu et al.: A Nonlinear...of Induction Motor Loads. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgt/KunduCLTHJZEC20>)       | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Yuan Liu et al.: Detailed Modeli...n System Transient Study. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgt/LiuCEZTHKJC19>)         | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Dan Wang et al.: A test bed for ...LAB-D/MATLAB environment. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgt/WangWPFCCD12>)          | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Daniel Esteban Morales Bondy et ...hnology Agnostic Sources. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hicss/BondyMKGHCKB18>)       | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Soumya Kundu et al.: A Nonlinear...of Induction Motor Loads. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1912-07582>)    | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Mayank Malik et al.: A common da...or energy data analytics. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/smartgridcomm/MalikTCKGK17>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| Kevin P. Schneider et al.: Adapt...g Multistate Load Models. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tsg/SchneiderTEHFC19>)   | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                          | ...                                              |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. year of event (dblp:yearOfEvent): The year the conference or workshop contribution has been presented., Publication
2. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
3. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
4. month of publication (dblp:monthOfPublication): The month the publication has been published., Publication
5. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
6. issn (dblp:issn): An International Standard Serial Number., identifier, Stream
7. title (dblp:title): The title of the publication., Publication
8. published in series (dblp:publishedInSeries): The name of the series in which the publication has been publish...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication, publishedIn
9. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
10. published as part of (dblp:publishedAsPartOf): The publication has been published as a part of the other publication., Publication

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object           |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------- |
| Mark von Rosing et al.: Business Process Trends. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/el/15/RosingSetal15>)                                                   | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2015 (xsd:gYear) |
| Martijn Oldenhof et al.: Industr...rning for Drug Discovery. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/OldenhofAPSHSDF23>)                                     | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2023 (xsd:gYear) |
| Wenhui Li et al.: Monocular Image Based 3D Model Retrieval. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/3dor/LiLNSLWXZBCCCDD19>)                                      | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2019 (xsd:gYear) |
| Sastri Kota et al.: INGR Satellite Roadmap - 2022 Edition. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/5gwf/KotaGAA0BCDDCDD22>)                                       | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2022 (xsd:gYear) |
| Artur Binczewski et al.: Polish ... Worldwide LHC Computing. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/sp/plgrid2012/BinczewskiBCDFFGIKLLLMMMNOOPPPRRSSSSTWWWW12>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2012 (xsd:gYear) |
| Emanuele Rodolà et al.: Deformab...ieval with Missing Parts. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/3dor/RodolaCLBBAHBCD17>)                                     | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2017 (xsd:gYear) |
| Scott L. Fleming et al.: MedAlig...ectronic Medical Records. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/aaai/FlemingLHJRTBGS24>)                                     | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2024 (xsd:gYear) |
| Marc Roelands et al.: The DiY Sm...t of Things Applications. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/daglib/p/RoelandsPMVSLCSVBHVMGRLDCFMHRNBEARTM11>)           | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2011 (xsd:gYear) |
| Ioannis Pratikakis et al.: Parti... for 3D Object Retrieval. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/3dor/PratikakisSAIKT16>)                                     | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2016 (xsd:gYear) |
| Harald Anacker et al.: Methods f...e Design and Development. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/daglib/p/AnackerDFGHHHKKKK0OOPPRRRRSSSTTWXZ14>)             | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2014 (xsd:gYear) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...              |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| paper                                                                                | year             |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Akshay Sreekumar et al.: A Real-...ansactive Energy Systems. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2305-11464>) | 2023 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the latest publication year for David P. Chassin by selecting papers authored by him, extracting their publication years, ordering them in descending order, and limiting the result to the most recent one. The answer matches the query result. All required rules are followed, including returning the actual paper IRI. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?wikidata WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich> dblp:wikidata ?wikidata
}

The Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V. (Vladik Kreinovich) is wd:Q7938222.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V.?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for "Kreinovich, V." in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Find the property that links DBLP authors to their Wikidata IDs.
3. Write a SPARQL query to retrieve the Wikidata ID for "Kreinovich, V."

First, I will search for the entity "Kreinovich, V." in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Vladik Kreinovich, also known as Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>)
2. Vladik Kreinovich: Paul Erdös, 1913-1996. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/Kreinovich96c>)
3. Shen Zuhe and Vladik Kreinovich: Preface. (1999) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/ZuheK99>)
4. Günter Mayer and Vladik Kreinovich: Preface. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/MayerK96>)
5. Vladik Kreinovich: Letters to the editor. (1993) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/nn/Kreinovich93>)
6. Vladik Kreinovich et al.: Robustness in Econometrics (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/series/sci/2017-692>)
7. Van-Nam Huynh and Vladik Kreinov...c Uncertainty: Editorial. (2009) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijar/HuynhK09>)
8. Richard A. Aló and Vladik Kreinovich: Editorial. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jaciii/AloK06>)
9. Vladik Kreinovich: Group-theoret... to intractable problems. (1988) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/colog/Kreinovich88>)
10. Vladik Kreinovich: Interval Meth...Knowledge Representation. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijufks/Kreinovich19d>)

[Assistant]
The top result for "Kreinovich, V." is Vladik Kreinovich with the DBLP entity IRI: <https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>.

Next, I need to find the property in DBLP that links an author to their Wikidata ID. I will search for properties related to "Wikidata" in the DBLP knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. wikidata (dblp:wikidata): A wikidata item., identifier, Entity
2. wikipedia (dblp:wikipedia): The URL of an (English) Wikipedia article about this item., webpage, Entity
3. doi (dblp:doi): A Digital Object Identifier., Publication, identifier
4. archived webpage (dblp:archivedWebpage): The URL of an archived web page about this item, which may no longer be available in the web., webpage, Entity
5. webpage (dblp:webpage): The URL of a web page about this item., Entity
6. listed on toc page (dblp:listedOnTocPage): The url of the dblp table of contents page listing this publication., Publication
7. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
8. issn (dblp:issn): An International Standard Serial Number., identifier, Stream
9. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator
10. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                       | property                 | object      |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------- |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata) | wd:Q7938222 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer is correct and complete. The SPARQL query retrieves the Wikidata ID for Kreinovich, V. from the dblp knowledge graph, and the result matches the expected format and content. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?author WHERE {
  ?paper dblp:publishedAsPartOf <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2006> ; dblp:title ?title ; dblp:authoredBy ?author .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?title ) , "information systems" ) )
}

The authors who published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in 2006 are Shiva Azadegan (https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514) and Blair Taylor (https://dblp.org/pid/96/828).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who are the authors that published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify research papers about "Information systems".
2. These papers must have been published in "InfoSecCD".
3. The publication year should be 2006.
4. We need to find the authors of these papers.

First, I will search for the entity representing "InfoSecCD" in the dblp knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>)
2. Proceedings of the 4th Annual Co... USA, September 28, 2007. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2007>)
3. Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Co...SA, September 22-23, 2006 (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2006>)
4. Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J...A, USA, October 1-3, 2010 (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2010>)
5. Michael E. Whitman and Humayun Z...ia, USA, October 12, 2013 (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2013>)
6. Michael E. Whitman and Humayun Z... USA, October 12-13, 2012 (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2012>)
7. Michael E. Whitman and Humayun Z...GA, USA, October 11, 2014 (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2014>)
8. Michael E. Whitman and Humayun Z...GA, USA, October 10, 2015 (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2015>)
9. Michael E. Whitman and Humayun Z...mber 30 - October 1, 2011 (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2011>)

[Assistant]
The main entity for the conference series "InfoSecCD" is:
<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>

The proceedings for the year 2006 are:
<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/2006>

Next, I will check how papers are linked to the 2006 proceedings and how to identify their topics (specifically "Information systems"). I will list triples for the proceedings entity to see its structure.

[Tool]
Failed to call function list:
Could not find a scheme in the IRI <urn:isbn:1595934375>, it seems you provided a relative IRI without a BASE URI

[Tool]
Failed to call function list:
Could not find a scheme in the IRI <urn:isbn:1595934375>, it seems you provided a relative IRI without a BASE URI

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                                     | object                                                              |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q105695364                                                       |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | streamTitle (dblp:streamTitle)               | Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | indexPage (dblp:indexPage)                   | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/infoseccd/index>                          |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | primaryStreamTitle (dblp:primaryStreamTitle) | Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | rdf:type                                     | Conference (dblp:Conference)                                        |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn40542145                                                        |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | rdfs:label                                   | Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | owl:sameAs                                   | wd:Q105695364                                                       |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | rdf:type                                     | Stream (dblp:Stream)                                                |
| Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn40542146                                                        |

[Tool]
Failed to call function list:
Could not find a scheme in the IRI <urn:isbn:1595934375>, it seems you provided a relative IRI without a BASE URI

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Information Systems (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/is>)
2. Mobile Information Systems (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/mis>)
3. Information Systems Frontiers (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/isf>)
4. Information Systems Research (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/isr>)
5. Enterprise Information Systems (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/eis>)
6. Information Systems Management (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/ism>)
7. Information Systems Journal (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/isj>)
8. Journal of Information Systems (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/jisys>)
9. Information, Knowledge, Systems Management (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/iks>)
10. Medical information systems. (1978) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ipm/X78g>)

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
2. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
3. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
4. edited by (dblp:editedBy): The publication is edited by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
5. stream title (dblp:streamTitle): A title of the stream., Stream
6. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
7. published as part of (dblp:publishedAsPartOf): The publication has been published as a part of the other publication., Publication
8. published in journal volume issue (dblp:publishedInJournalVolumeIssue): The issue of the journal in which the publication has been publi...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
9. published in journal (dblp:publishedInJournal): The name of the journal in which the publication has been publis...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), publishedIn, Publication
10. title (dblp:title): The title of the publication., Publication

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. webpage (dblp:webpage): The URL of a web page about this item., Entity
2. stream title (dblp:streamTitle): A title of the stream., Stream
3. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
4. wikidata (dblp:wikidata): A wikidata item., identifier, Entity
5. title (dblp:title): The title of the publication., Publication
6. listed on toc page (dblp:listedOnTocPage): The url of the dblp table of contents page listing this publication., Publication
7. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
8. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
9. former stream title (dblp:formerStreamTitle): A former title of the stream., streamTitle, Stream
10. doi (dblp:doi): A Digital Object Identifier., Publication, identifier

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
2. stream title (dblp:streamTitle): A title of the stream., Stream
3. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
4. published as part of (dblp:publishedAsPartOf): The publication has been published as a part of the other publication., Publication
5. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
6. title (dblp:title): The title of the publication., Publication
7. published in journal (dblp:publishedInJournal): The name of the journal in which the publication has been publis...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), publishedIn, Publication
8. webpage (dblp:webpage): The URL of a web page about this item., Entity
9. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
10. published in stream (dblp:publishedInStream): The conference series, the journal, or the repository in which the publication has been published., Publication, Stream

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in journal volume issue (dblp:publishedInJournalVolumeIssue): The issue of the journal in which the publication has been publi...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
2. published in (dblp:publishedIn): The name of the series, the journal, or the book in which the pu...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
3. publication note (dblp:publicationNote): An additional note to the publication., Publication
4. published in journal volume (dblp:publishedInJournalVolume): The volume of the journal in which the publication has been publ...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
5. published in journal (dblp:publishedInJournal): The name of the journal in which the publication has been publis...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), publishedIn, Publication
6. year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication): The year the publication's issue or volume has been published., Publication
7. authored by (dblp:authoredBy): The publication is authored by the creator., Publication, createdBy, Creator
8. published as part of (dblp:publishedAsPartOf): The publication has been published as a part of the other publication., Publication
9. published in series volume (dblp:publishedInSeriesVolume): The volume of the series in which the publication has been publi...journals and conference series are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
10. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| paper                                                                                | title                                                               |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Knowledge f...ormation assurance track. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani06>)      | Knowledge flow with information assurance track.                    |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Assessment ...curity awareness program. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani06a>)     | Assessment of need and method of...tion security awareness program. |
| Tammy Alexander: Domain name reg...omain name fraud problem? (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Alexander06>)       | Domain name registrars: are they...f the domain name fraud problem? |
| Thomas Baxley et al.: LAN attacker: a visual education tool. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/BaxleyXYZYB06>)     | LAN attacker: a visual education tool.                              |
| John C. Beachboard et al.: A ten...n open development model. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/BeachboardCMHAM06>) | A tentative proposal: improving ...on of an open development model. |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                 |
| Jason Hill: The storm ahead: how...ll turn VoIP on its head. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Hill06>)            | The storm ahead: how CALEA will turn VoIP on its head.              |
| Erik Hjelmås and Stephen D. Wolt....Sc., and Ph.D. programs. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/HjelmasW06>)        | Full-spectrum information securi....Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. programs. |
| Mark A. Holliday and William C. ...: an integrated approach. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/HollidayK06>)       | Information security and computer systems: an integrated approach.  |
| Laurence Holt: A year affair wit...rity program and manager. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Holt06>)            | A year affair with security: the... a security program and manager. |
| Cameron Jordan: Law and privacy:...ation (RFID) legislation. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Jordan06>)          | Law and privacy: the debate over...entification (RFID) legislation. |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| paper                                                                                | title                                                               |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | Threading secure coding principl... information systems curriculum. |

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn8277517                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>)                                                                 |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>)                                                                 |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1145/1231047.1231053>                                                                       |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 2 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Threading secure coding principl... information systems curriculum.                                             |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2006 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/infoseccd/infoseccd2006>                                                              |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                          |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>) |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Blair Taylor (<https://dblp.org/pid/96/828>)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly filters for papers published as part of InfoSecCD 2006, checks that their titles contain 'information systems' (case-insensitive), and retrieves the distinct authors. The answer matches the query result and includes the required IRIs. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?paper ?title ?numAuthors WHERE {
  VALUES ( ?paper ?title ) {
    ( <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08> "Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products" ) ( <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04> "A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation" )
  }
  ?paper dblp:numberOfCreators ?numAuthors .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?paper rdfs:label ?label
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| paper                                                                                | title                                           | numAuthors  |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation | 2 (xsd:int) |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>)       | Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products         | 2 (xsd:int) |

Both 'Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products' and 'A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation' have 2 authors each.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Mention the number of authors of 'Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products' and 'A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation'.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find the entities (papers) for 'Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products' and 'A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation' in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. For each paper, we need to count the number of authors.

First, I will search for the entities corresponding to each paper title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>)
2. Zhuojun Zhuang et al.: On Asympt...neralized Hamming Weight. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iwsda/Zhuang0ZJHZ19>)
3. Ming Li et al.: Analysis of the ...t of the Extended wmbNAF. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/iacr/LiMZ11>)
4. Hannes Bartz et al.: Protograph-...amming Weight Amplifiers. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbc/BartzYBL20>)
5. Sonia Belaïd et al.: Differentia...the Hamming Weight Model. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/secrypt/BelaidBDGR13>)
6. Enric Morancho: A Hybrid Implementation of Hamming Weight. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pdp/Llena14>)
7. Andrea Flexeder: Interprocedural analysis of low-level code. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/dnb/Flexeder11>)
8. Dae San Kim: Weight Distributions of Hamming Codes (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-0710-1467>)
9. Birenjith Sasidharan et al.: A F...Constant Hamming Weights. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2401-16647>)
10. Norbert Hungerbühler: Numerical ...gular weighted integrals. (1994) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/computing/Hungerbuhler94>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>)
2. Widodo Budiharto et al.: A metho...igation of service robot. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/paladyn/BudihartoSPJ11>)
3. Cumhur Yigit Ozcan et al.: A tim...egy for crowd navigation. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jvca/OzcanSH19>)
4. Xiaomao Zhou et al.: A Hybrid Pl...rget-Directed Navigation. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icann/ZhouWBW18>)
5. Xiaoyu Yang et al.: A layered go... mobile robot navigation. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tsmc/YangMP05>)
6. Michele Furci et al.: A combined...n populated environments. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cdc/FurciNKM15>)
7. Hanafiah B. Yussof et al.: Devel...r a biped humanoid robot. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iros/YussofYON07>)
8. Lotfi Beji et al.: A strategy for multi-robot navigation. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cdc/BejiEA11>)
9. Chengyang Peng et al.: Unified P...Bipedal Robot Navigation. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2403-17347>)
10. Nilanga Thelasingha et al.: Auto...r a reconnaissance agent. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iciis/ThelasinghaEUGE17>)

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                 |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn26398435                                                           |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Jung Hee Cheon (<https://dblp.org/pid/64/5207>)                        |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Jung Hee Cheon (<https://dblp.org/pid/64/5207>)                        |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | Discrete Applied Mathematics (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/dam>) |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DAM.2007.09.018>                            |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Article                                                         |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 2 (xsd:int)                                                            |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Analysis of Low Hamming Weight Products.                               |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2008 (xsd:gYear)                                                       |
| Jung Hee Cheon and HongTae Kim: ... Hamming Weight Products. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/dam/CheonK08>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/journals/dam/dam156>                              |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                    |

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn41868165                                                                                |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | James J. Kuffner (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/JamesKuffner>)                                                     |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | James J. Kuffner (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/JamesKuffner>)                                                     |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/humanoids>) |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2004.1442135>                                                                  |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 2 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | title (dblp:title)                         | A tiered planning strategy for biped navigation.                                                             |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2004 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Joel E. Chestnutt and James J. K...egy for biped navigation. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/humanoids/ChestnuttK04>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/humanoids/humanoids2004>                                                           |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the number of authors for the two specified papers using their IRIs and the 'dblp:numberOfCreators' property. The answer matches the execution result, and the query follows all required rules. No further refinement is needed.