PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?author ?firstYear WHERE {
  VALUES ?author {
    <https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143> <https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345> <https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261> <https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>
  }
  {
    SELECT ?author ( MIN( ?year ) AS ?firstYear ) WHERE {
      ?pub dblp:authoredBy ?author .
      ?pub dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
    }
    GROUP BY ?author
  }
}

The first publication years for the authors of 'Enable data privacy, dynamics, and batch in public auditing scheme for cloud storage system' are:
- Zheng Li: 1994
- Yilin Yuan: 2017
- Jianbiao Zhang: 2018
- Wanshan Xu: 2018.

Find the year in which the first papers of the authors of 'Enable data privacy, dynamics, and batch in public auditing scheme for cloud storage system' were published.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Find the year in which the first papers of the authors of 'Enable data privacy, dynamics, and batch in public auditing scheme for cloud storage system' were published.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find the publication titled "Enable data privacy, dynamics, and batch in public auditing scheme for cloud storage system".
2. Then, get the authors of this publication.
3. For each author, find their earliest (first) publication year.

Step 1: Find the publication entity for the given title. I'll search for the title in the dblp knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>)
2. T. Subha and S. Jayashri: Public...urity in Cloud Computing. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jise/SubhaJ17>)
3. S. Anbuchelian et al.: Efficient...ng data storage in cloud. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cluster/AnbuchelianSR19>)
4. Xia'nan Zhao and Dongsheng Wang:... in Mobile Cloud Storage. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ieeesec/ZhaoW22>)
5. Hemalata A. Gosavi and Manish R....urity in Cloud Computing. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/GosaviU14>)
6. Guangyang Yang et al.: Enabling ...privacy and traceability. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jss/YangYSSFH16>)
7. Xiaojun Zhang et al.: Conditiona...or Cloud Storage Systems. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tnsm/ZhangWGXT22>)
8. Hongyu Liu et al.: Insecurity of...e for Cloud Data Storage. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jucs/LiuCDP15>)
9. Syam Kumar Pasupuleti: Privacy-P...n Exact Regenerated Code. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijcac/Pasupuleti19>)
10. Vasudev Chakka et al.: Efficient...gnature in Cloud Storage. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/IEEEants/ChakkaPSABPP23>)

[Tool]
Got 37 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn25968490                                                                                |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>)                                             |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>)                                             |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/concurrency>) |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1002/CPE.6735>                                                                     |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Article                                                                                |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 4 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Enable data privacy, dynamics, a...scheme for cloud storage system.                                    |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2022 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/journals/concurrency/concurrency34>                                               |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                                     |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>)               |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>)           |
| Yilin Yuan et al.: Enable data p...for cloud storage system. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/concurrency/YuanZXL22>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>)               |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                    | property                                     | object                                   |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Zheng Li                                 |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Zheng Li                                 |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                   |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn13767503                             |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | rdfs:label                                   | Zheng Li (disambiguation)                |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | rdf:type                                     | AmbiguousCreator (dblp:AmbiguousCreator) |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                                     | object                 |
| -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Yilin Yuan             |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Yilin Yuan             |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14456677           |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>) | rdfs:label                                   | Yilin Yuan             |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                          | property                                     | object                 |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Jianbiao Zhang         |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Jianbiao Zhang         |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn12414533           |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>) | rdfs:label                                   | Jianbiao Zhang         |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                                     | object                 |
| -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Wanshan Xu             |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Wanshan Xu             |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14264175           |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | rdfs:label                                   | Wanshan Xu             |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Wanshang Xu            |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| author                                                     | firstYear        |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Zheng Li (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/1143>) | 1994 (xsd:gYear) |
| Yilin Yuan (<https://dblp.org/pid/193/8345>)               | 2017 (xsd:gYear) |
| Jianbiao Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/4261>)           | 2018 (xsd:gYear) |
| Wanshan Xu (<https://dblp.org/pid/270/5520>)               | 2018 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ?title ?year ?venue WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/71/2077> ; dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:title ?title ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
  FILTER ( ?venue = "Frontiers Robotics AI" )
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?year )

Chu K. Loo (Chu Kiong Loo) published the following paper in Frontiers Robotics AI:

- "An Odometry-Free Approach for Simultaneous Localization and Online Hybrid Map Building" (2016). IRI: https://dblp.org/rec/journals/firai/ChinLTK16

What publications did Chu K. Loo publish in Frontiers Robotics AI?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What publications did Chu K. Loo publish in Frontiers Robotics AI?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the correct entity for "Chu K. Loo" (the author) in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. We need to find publications authored by this entity.
3. We need to filter those publications to only those published in the venue "Frontiers Robotics AI".

Step 1: Search for the author entity "Chu K. Loo".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chu Kiong Loo, also known as Chu Kiong Loo (<https://dblp.org/pid/71/2077>)
2. Chu Kong Loo, also known as Chu Kong Loo (<https://dblp.org/pid/237/3777>)
3. Loo Chu Kiong, also known as Loo Chu Kiong (<https://dblp.org/pid/287/3190>)
4. K. K. Loo, also known as K. K. Loo (<https://dblp.org/pid/29/5211>)
5. K. Chu, also known as K. Chu (<https://dblp.org/pid/340/0128>)
6. Colleen K. Loo, also known as Colleen K. Loo (<https://dblp.org/pid/152/0446>)
7. Kuo-Chung Chu, also known as Kuo-Chung Chu (<https://dblp.org/pid/61/415>)
8. Kang-Ching Chu, also known as Kang-Ching Chu (<https://dblp.org/pid/89/10318>)
9. Wenkung K. Chu, also known as Wenkung K. Chu (<https://dblp.org/pid/04/5378>)
10. Hoang K. Chu, also known as Hoang K. Chu (<https://dblp.org/pid/263/9428>)

[Assistant]
There are several similar names, but the closest match for "Chu K. Loo" appears to be "Chu Kiong Loo" with the IRI: https://dblp.org/pid/71/2077.

Next, I will search for publications authored by this entity and filter for those published in the venue "Frontiers Robotics AI".

Let's proceed to construct the SPARQL query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | year             | venue                 |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | --------------------- |
| Wei Hong Chin et al.: An Odometr...line Hybrid Map Building. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/firai/ChinLTK16>) | An Odometry-Free Approach for Si... and Online Hybrid Map Building. | 2016 (xsd:gYear) | Frontiers Robotics AI |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ?title WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:title ?title .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?title ) , "overlay multicast" ) ) ?pub dblp:publishedIn "HiPC" .
  ?pub dblp:yearOfPublication "2003" ^^ xsd:gYear .
}

The title of the research paper on Overlay multicast published in the International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC) in 2003 is: "POMA: Prioritized Overlay Multicast in Ad Hoc Environments."

What are the titles of the research papers on Overlay multicast that were published in International Conference on High Performance Computing in the year 2003?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the titles of the research papers on Overlay multicast that were published in International Conference on High Performance Computing in the year 2003?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for research papers (publications) with titles containing "Overlay multicast".
2. These papers must have been published in the "International Conference on High Performance Computing".
3. The publication year should be 2003.

Step 1: Identify the venue's short name as used in dblp:publishedIn. The venue is "International Conference on High Performance Computing". Let's search for its exact short name in the knowledge graph.

Step 2: Find publications with dblp:title containing "Overlay multicast", published in the identified venue, and with dblp:yearOfPublication = 2003.

I'll start by searching for the venue entity or its short name.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>)
2. International Conference on High...ance Scientific Computing (HPSC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpsc>)
3. International Conference on Gree...h Performance Computing (ICGHPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/icghpc>)
4. International Conference on High...ce Computing & Simulation (HPCS) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/ieeehpcs>)
5. International Conference on Comp...igh Performance Computing (CHPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/chpc>)
6. IEEE International Conference on...puting and Communications (HPCC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpcc>)
7. International Conference on High...ting, Data, and Analytics (HiPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hipc>)
8. International Conference on High...r Computational Science (VECPAR) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/vecpar>)
9. IEEE International Conference on...mance and Smart Computing (HPSC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/ieeehpsc>)
10. International Conference on High...puting and Communications (HP3C) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hp3c>)

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                                     | object                                                       |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | streamTitle (dblp:streamTitle)               | International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | indexPage (dblp:indexPage)                   | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/hpc2/index>                        |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | primaryStreamTitle (dblp:primaryStreamTitle) | International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn41626263                                                 |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | rdf:type                                     | Conference (dblp:Conference)                                 |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | rdfs:label                                   | International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) |
| International Conference on High Performance Computing (HPC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/hpc2>) | rdf:type                                     | Stream (dblp:Stream)                                         |

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. High Performance Computing Workshop
2. High Performance Computing for Imaging
3. High Performance Computing Workshop (1)
4. High Performance Computing Workshop (2)
5. High Performance Computing on Vector Systems
6. High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering
7. SIGGRAPH Asia Visualization in High Performance Computing
8. Wide Area Networks and High Performance Computing
9. Operating Systems for Supercomputers and High Performance Computing
10. High Performance Graphics

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. HPC
2. China HPC
3. HPC Asia
4. HPCA
5. HPCC
6. HPCC-ICESS
7. HPCC/CSS/ICESS
8. HPCC/DSS/SmartCity
9. HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys
10. HPCC/EUC

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | venue                                          |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Dennis M. Moen and J. Mark Pulle...-Based Overlay Multicast. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/dsrt/MoenP03>)           | Enabling Real-Time Distributed V...ng Host-Based Overlay Multicast. | DS-RT                                          |
| Ki-Il Kim et al.: Robust and cos...n mobile ad hoc networks. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/globecom/KimMBSK03>)     | Robust and cost-efficient group ...icast in mobile ad hoc networks. | GLOBECOM                                       |
| Abhishek P. Patil et al.: POMA: ...t in Ad Hoc Environments. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hipc/PatilLNXE03>)       | POMA: Prioritized Overlay Multicast in Ad Hoc Environments.         | HiPC                                           |
| Baijian Yang et al.: A Tree Buil...ting in DiffServ Domains. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ic/YangENM03>)           | A Tree Building Technique for Ov...ulticasting in DiffServ Domains. | International Conference on Internet Computing |
| Zhi Li and Prasant Mohapatra: Ho...ay multicasting protocol. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icc/LiM03>)              | HostCast: a new overlay multicasting protocol.                      | ICC                                            |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                 | ...                                            |
| Sungyean Cho and Myong-Soon Park...sm for overlay multicast. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/IEEEcca/ChoP03>)         | FJM: fast join mechanism for overlay multicast.                     | CCA                                            |
| Suman Banerjee et al.: Construct...r Real-time Applications. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infocom/BanerjeeKKBK03>) | Construction of an Efficient Ove...ture for Real-time Applications. | INFOCOM                                        |
| Kien A. Hua et al.: Overlay Mult...n Demand on the Internet. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sac/HuaTV03>)            | Overlay Multicast for Video On Demand on the Internet.              | SAC                                            |
| Konstantin Andreev et al.: Desig...t networks for streaming. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/spaa/AndreevMMS03>)      | Designing overlay multicast networks for streaming.                 | SPAA                                           |
| Chao Gui and Prasant Mohapatra: ...r mobile ad hoc networks. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wcnc/GuiM03>)            | Efficient overlay multicast for mobile ad hoc networks.             | WCNC                                           |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                       |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Abhishek P. Patil et al.: POMA: ...t in Ad Hoc Environments. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hipc/PatilLNXE03>) | POMA: Prioritized Overlay Multicast in Ad Hoc Environments. |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
ASK {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/60/161> .
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/77/10786> .
}

Yes, there exists at least one paper co-authored by P. H. Guzzi and Marianna Milano.

Was a paper not not co-authored by P. H. Guzzi and Marianna Milano?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Was a paper not not co-authored by P. H. Guzzi and Marianna Milano?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

- "Was a paper not not co-authored by P. H. Guzzi and Marianna Milano?"
- Double negation: "not not co-authored" = "co-authored"
- So, the question is: "Was there a paper co-authored by P. H. Guzzi and Marianna Milano?"

Step 1: Identify the entities for "P. H. Guzzi" and "Marianna Milano" in DBLP.

I'll search for both authors to get their IRIs.

First, search for "P. H. Guzzi".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pietro H. Guzzi, also known as Pietro H. Guzzi (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/161>)
2. Pietro H. Guzzi: Ontology-Based Annotation Methods. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Guzzi19d>)
3. Pietro H. Guzzi: Ontology in Bioinformatics. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Guzzi19c>)
4. Pietro H. Guzzi: Functional Enrichment Analysis Methods. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Guzzi19e>)
5. Pietro H. Guzzi: Computing Langu...r Bioinformatics: Python. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Guzzi19a>)
6. Pietro H. Guzzi: Computing Langu...for Bioinformatics: Java. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Guzzi19b>)
7. Pietro Hiram Guzzi et al.: coreS...ssing of Microarray Data. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tc/GuzziAC14>)
8. Pietro Hiram Guzzi and Mario Can...fymetrix Microarray Data. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/europar/GuzziC10>)
9. Pietro Hiram Guzzi: Algorithms f...nces: Multiple Alignment. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Guzzi19>)
10. Marco Mina and Pietro Hiram Guzz...lysis of Proteomics Data. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sebd/MinaG13>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Marianna Milano, also known as Marianna Milano (<https://dblp.org/pid/77/10786>)
2. Marianna Milano: Gene Prioritization Tools. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Milano19b>)
3. Marianna Milano: Computing Languages for Bioinformatics: R. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/reference/bioinf/Milano19>)
4. Mae Milano, also known as Mae Milano (<https://dblp.org/pid/321/0647>)
5. Michela Milano, also known as Michela Milano (<https://dblp.org/pid/m/MichelaMilano>)
6. Federico Milano 0001, also known as Federico Milano (<https://dblp.org/pid/36/8014>)
7. Francesco Milano 0002, also known as Francesco Milano (<https://dblp.org/pid/198/7396-2>)
8. Francesco Milano 0001, also known as Francesco Milano (<https://dblp.org/pid/198/7396-1>)
9. Marianna Bolognesi, also known as Marianna Bolognesi (<https://dblp.org/pid/227/0290>)
10. Marianna Obrist, also known as Marianna Obrist (<https://dblp.org/pid/63/3913>)

[Tool] True

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?author ?name ?affiliation WHERE {
  VALUES ?author {
    <https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423> <https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102> <https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982> <https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author dblp:primaryCreatorName ?name
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author dblp:primaryAffiliation ?affiliation
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| author                                                  | name                    | affiliation                            |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>)            | Peter Scott             |                                        |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>)         | Suzanne Little          |                                        |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>)        | Alexandra Okada         | The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | Alexander Mikroyannidis | The Open University                    |

The authors of 'Formal Metadata and Shared Experiences for Discovering Tools to Adapt Open Educational Resources' are:

- Suzanne Little (no affiliation listed)
- Peter Scott (no affiliation listed)
- Alexandra Okada (The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK)
- Alexander Mikroyannidis (The Open University)

Affiliations are only available for Alexandra Okada and Alexander Mikroyannidis in the DBLP data.

List the authors of 'Formal Metadata and Shared Experiences for Discovering Tools to Adapt Open Educational Resources' and their affiliations.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] List the authors of 'Formal Metadata and Shared Experiences for Discovering Tools to Adapt Open Educational Resources' and their affiliations.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the publication with the exact title: 'Formal Metadata and Shared Experiences for Discovering Tools to Adapt Open Educational Resources'.
2. Then, we need to find its authors (using dblp:authoredBy).
3. For each author, we need to retrieve their affiliation (using dblp:primaryAffiliation).

First, I will search for the publication entity by its title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>)
2. Laura M. Bartolo and Cathy S. Lo...cience Digital Resources. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iadis/BartoloL03>)
3. Osmar Mantovani and Hans K. E. L...red Educational Contents. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icalt/MantovaniL05>)
4. Monica Vladoiu: Towards a Qualit...en Educational Resources. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icwl/Vladoiu12>)
5. Bich-Liên Doan and François Bail... in a Virtual University. (1999) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/webnet/DoanB99>)
6. Jean-Marie Pierrel et al.: ORTOL...s and TOols for LANGuage. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/clarin/PierrelPBPP16>)
7. Mariem Bellal et al.: Towards a ...en Educational Resources. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/inista/BellalMC23>)
8. Brigitte de la Passardière and A...r Educational Hupermedia. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iccal/PassardiereD92>)
9. Victor Epitropou et al.: Open to...iences gained in GS SOIL. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/enviroinfo/EpitropouKB10>)
10. Gordon W. Paynter: Developing pr...s for internet resources. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/jcdl/Paynter05>)

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| title                                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Formal Metadata and Shared Exper...dapt Open Educational Resources. |

[Tool]
Got 36 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn43188295                                                                                |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>)                                                                |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>)                                                                |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | International Conference on Sign...d Internet-Based Systems (SITIS) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/sitis>) |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.ieeecomputersociety.org/10.1109/SITIS.2011.46>                                                 |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 4 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Formal Metadata and Shared Exper...dapt Open Educational Resources.                                         |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2011 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/sitis/sitis2011>                                                                  |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                                  |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>)            |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>)         |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>)        |
| Suzanne Little et al.: Formal Me...en Educational Resources. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sitis/LittleMOS11>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) |

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                         | property                                     | object                                  |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Suzanne Little                          |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Suzanne Little                          |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q92162779                            |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3281-3471> |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn15338042                            |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                  |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | rdfs:label                                   | Suzanne Little                          |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | owl:sameAs                                   | wd:Q92162779                            |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Suzanne Lyttle                          |
| Suzanne Little (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/2423>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn15338043                            |
| ...                                             | ...                                          | ...                                     |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                                     | object                 |
| -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Peter Scott            |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Peter Scott            |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14581244           |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>) | rdfs:label                                   | Peter Scott            |
| Peter Scott (<https://dblp.org/pid/02/3102>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                          | property                                     | object                                  |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Ale Okada                               |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Alexandra Okada                         |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | affiliation (dblp:affiliation)               | The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK  |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-5605> |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK  |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn13042456                            |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                  |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | rdfs:label                                   | Alexandra Okada                         |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | owl:sameAs                                   | <https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1572-5605> |
| Alexandra Okada (<https://dblp.org/pid/35/9982>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Alexandra Okada                         |
| ...                                              | ...                                          | ...                                     |

[Tool]
Got 17 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                 | property                                     | object                                                   |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Alexander Mikroyannidis                                  |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Alexander Mikroyannidis                                  |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | affiliation (dblp:affiliation)               | The Open University                                      |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-1443>                  |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | The Open University                                      |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | webpage (dblp:webpage)                       | <https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=iXngg4IAAAAJ> |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | homepage (dblp:homepage)                     | <http://www.alexmikro.net/>                              |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | primaryHomepage (dblp:primaryHomepage)       | <http://www.alexmikro.net/>                              |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn12536652                                             |
| Alexander Mikroyannidis (<https://dblp.org/pid/74/115>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                                   |
| ...                                                     | ...                                          | ...                                                      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?pub ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  VALUES ?author {
    <https://dblp.org/pid/24/1926> <https://dblp.org/pid/24/7003> <https://dblp.org/pid/34/5431> <https://dblp.org/pid/36/687-2>
  }
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy ?author ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
  FILTER ( ?year = "2018" ^^ xsd:gYear )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 7 (xsd:int) |

The authors of 'Localization of an Underwater Control Network Based on Quasi-Stable Adjustment' published 7 papers in 2018.

How many papers did the authors of 'Localization of an Underwater Control Network Based on Quasi-Stable Adjustment' publish in 2018?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many papers did the authors of 'Localization of an Underwater Control Network Based on Quasi-Stable Adjustment' publish in 2018?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. Identify the publication with the title 'Localization of an Underwater Control Network Based on Quasi-Stable Adjustment'.
2. Find the authors of this publication.
3. For each author, count the number of papers they published in 2018.

Step 1: Search for the publication entity by its exact title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>)
2. Liansuo Wei and Jian Han: Topolo... Optimal Rigid Sub-Graph. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/access/WeiH20>)
3. Peng Jiang: An underwater sensor... Time-of-Arrivals (TOAs). (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icnc/Jiang13>)
4. Simulation of football based on ...er and BP neural network. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/mam/Han21>)
5. Jing Yan et al.: A Survey on Int...Acoustic Sensor Networks. (2025) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/iotj/YanGYCL25>)
6. Xuewen Zhu and Fuxiao Tan: Attit...ed on RBF Neural Network. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icrai/ZhuT21>)
7. Xiao Liang et al.: Motion Contro...on Robust Neural Network. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iros/LiangLW06>)
8. Zhouhua Peng and Jun Wang: Outpu...ojection Neural Networks. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tsmc/PengW18>)
9. Design and Implementation of Mul...d on Software Definition. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/js/Zhang22b>)
10. Finite Element Structure Analysi...n Neural Network Control. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/scn/Li21c>)

[Tool]
Got 38 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                              |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn39315424                                                        |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Xinhua Chen (<https://dblp.org/pid/24/1926>)                        |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Xinhua Chen (<https://dblp.org/pid/24/1926>)                        |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | Sensors (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/sensors>)               |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.3390/S18040950>                                 |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Article                                                      |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 4 (xsd:int)                                                         |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Localization of an Underwater Co...ased on Quasi-Stable Adjustment. |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2018 (xsd:gYear)                                                    |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/journals/sensors/sensors18>                    |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                 |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                                     |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Xinhua Chen (<https://dblp.org/pid/24/1926>)               |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Jie Feng (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/24/7003>) |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Jianhu Zhao (<https://dblp.org/pid/34/5431>)               |
| Jianhu Zhao et al.: Localization... Quasi-Stable Adjustment. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/sensors/ZhaoCZF18>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Hongmei Zhang 0002 (<https://dblp.org/pid/36/687-2>)       |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 7 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process