PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ?title ?year WHERE {
  VALUES ?pub {
    <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cga/Kroeker02> <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pldi/PhuliaBB20>
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?pub dblp:title ?title
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?pub dblp:yearOfPublication ?year
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | year             |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Ankush Phulia et al.: OOElala: o...or compiler optimization. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pldi/PhuliaBB20>)   | OOElala: order-of-evaluation bas...lysis for compiler optimization. | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |
| Kirk L. Kroeker: Graphics and Se...loring Visual Biometrics. (2002) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cga/Kroeker02>) | Graphics and Security: Exploring Visual Biometrics.                 | 2002 (xsd:gYear) |

'Graphics and Security: Exploring Visual Biometrics' was published first, in 2002. 'OOElala: order-of-evaluation based alias analysis for compiler optimization' was published in 2020.

Between 'Graphics and Security: Exploring Visual Biometrics' and 'OOElala: order-of-evaluation based alias analysis for compiler optimization', which one was published first?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Between 'Graphics and Security: Exploring Visual Biometrics' and 'OOElala: order-of-evaluation based alias analysis for compiler optimization', which one was published first?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are given two publication titles:
   - "Graphics and Security: Exploring Visual Biometrics"
   - "OOElala: order-of-evaluation based alias analysis for compiler optimization"

2. We need to determine which one was published first (i.e., has the earlier year of publication).

Step 1: Search for the entities (publications) by their exact titles in the dblp knowledge graph.

Step 2: For each publication, retrieve its year of publication (dblp:yearOfPublication).

Step 3: Compare the years and determine which is earlier.

Let's start by searching for the first publication entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Kirk L. Kroeker: Graphics and Se...loring Visual Biometrics. (2002) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cga/Kroeker02>)
2. Graphics and Visual Computing (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/cgx>)
3. Venu Govindaraju: Biometrics and Security. (2009) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iciss/Govindaraju09>)
4. Computer Graphics and Visual Computing (CGVC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/tpcg>)
5. Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/IEEEcgiv>)
6. Patrizio Campisi: Security and Privacy in Biometrics (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/daglib/0032278>)
7. Youngmin Kim: Saliency-guided Graphics and Visualization. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/basesearch/Kim08i>)
8. Enhancing Security by Combining Biometrics and Cryptography. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/iacr/PopaS17>)
9. International Symposium on Biome...d Security Technologies (ISBAST) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/isbast>)
10. Symposium on Parallel Visualization and Graphics (PVGS) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/pvgs>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ankush Phulia et al.: OOElala: o...or compiler optimization. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pldi/PhuliaBB20>)
2. Kenneth G. Walter: Recursion Ana...or Compiler Optimization. (1976) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cacm/Walter76>)
3. Michael Gorbovitski et al.: Alia...ion of dynamic languages. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/dls/GorbovitskiLSRT10>)
4. Khushboo Chitre et al.: The road...s missed by the compiler. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/pacmpl/ChitreKP22>)
5. Wai C. Chu: Gradient-descent bas...near prediction analysis. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/Chu03>)
6. Guray Ozen: Compiler and runtime... & optimization for GPUs. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/es/Ozen18>)
7. Jin Lin et al.: A compiler frame...alysis and optimizations. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pldi/LinCHYJNC03>)
8. Kyle Daruwalla et al.: BitSAD v2... for Bitstream Computing. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/taco/DaruwallaZSL20>)
9. Tong Zhan et al.: Optimization T...sis Based on LLM (GPT-3). (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2405-09770>)
10. Ming Zhao et al.: Subspace Analy...AAM Based Face Alignment. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/fgr/ZhaoCLB04>)

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | year             |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Ankush Phulia et al.: OOElala: o...or compiler optimization. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pldi/PhuliaBB20>)   | OOElala: order-of-evaluation bas...lysis for compiler optimization. | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |
| Kirk L. Kroeker: Graphics and Se...loring Visual Biometrics. (2002) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cga/Kroeker02>) | Graphics and Security: Exploring Visual Biometrics.                 | 2002 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( AVG( ?countPerYear ) AS ?averagePubsPerYear ) WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?year ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?pub ) AS ?countPerYear ) WHERE {
      ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135> .
      ?pub dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
    }
    GROUP BY ?year
  }
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| averagePubsPerYear    |
| --------------------- |
| 1.33333 (xsd:decimal) |

The average number of papers published by Richard Deane Terrell per year is approximately 1.33.

What is the average number of papers published by Richard Deane Terrell per year?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the average number of papers published by Richard Deane Terrell per year?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Richard Deane Terrell" in the dblp knowledge graph.
2. For that author, we need to find all their publications.
3. For each publication, we need to get the year of publication.
4. We need to count the number of publications per year, then compute the average of these yearly counts.

Let's start by searching for the entity for "Richard Deane Terrell" in dblp.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Richard Deane Terrell, also known as Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>)
2. Richard H. Deane, also known as Richard H. Deane (<https://dblp.org/pid/28/10898>)
3. Richard 0001, also known as Richard (<https://dblp.org/pid/147/5246>)
4. Richard Durbin, also known as Richard Durbin (<https://dblp.org/pid/d/RichardDurbin>)
5. Richard Jiang 0001, also known as Richard Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/70/8305>)
6. Richard Bornat, also known as Richard Bornat (<https://dblp.org/pid/49/5280>)
7. Richard Tsai 0001, also known as Richard Tsai (<https://dblp.org/pid/00/6413>)
8. Richard Harper 0001, also known as Richard Harper (<https://dblp.org/pid/56/3025-1>)
9. Richard Gray 0004, also known as Richard Gray (<https://dblp.org/pid/321/2045>)
10. Richard Bellman, also known as Richard Bellman (<https://dblp.org/pid/63/2494>)

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                | property                                     | object                 |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Richard Deane Terrell  |
| Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Richard Deane Terrell  |
| Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn13467414           |
| Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>) | rdfs:label                                   | Richard Deane Terrell  |
| Richard Deane Terrell (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/1135>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Jason C. H. Chen et al.: A new a...s for financial controls. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijids/ChenPT11>)  | 2011 (xsd:gYear) |
| Andrew H. Chen et al.: Managemen...n inflation-indexed bond. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijstm/ChenCT07>)  | 2007 (xsd:gYear) |
| Andrew H. Chen et al.: The impac...stments and market value. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijstm/ChenKT07>)  | 2007 (xsd:gYear) |
| Shu Ling Lin et al.: Assessment ...s manufacturing industry. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijstm/LinST07>)   | 2007 (xsd:gYear) |
| Shu Ling Lin et al.: The relatio...aiwan's banking industry. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijstm/LinWPT05>)  | 2005 (xsd:gYear) |
| Andrew H. Chen et al.: An evolut...al network/VDL filtering. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jamds/ChenPT06>)  | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Wing-Keung Wong et al.: The rela...d Asian emerging markets. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jamds/WongPTL04>) | 2004 (xsd:gYear) |
| Jack H. W. Penm et al.: A note o...ing the prewindowed case. (1995) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tsp/PenmPT95>)    | 1995 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| averagePubsPerYear    |
| --------------------- |
| 1.33333 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?venue ?year WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082> dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

The paper 'Interplay between depth of neural networks and locality of target functions' was published in CoRR in 2022.

Where was 'Interplay between depth of neural networks and locality of target functions' published and when?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was 'Interplay between depth of neural networks and locality of target functions' published and when?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the publication venue and year for a specific paper: "Interplay between depth of neural networks and locality of target functions".
2. First, I need to find the exact entity for this publication in the dblp knowledge graph.
3. Then, I need to retrieve its dblp:publishedIn (venue) and dblp:yearOfPublication (year).

Step 1: Search for the publication entity by title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>)
2. Kei Uchizawa and Haruki Abe: Tra...Depth of Neural Networks. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/neco/UchizawaA24>)
3. Fenglei Fan et al.: Quasi-Equiva...Depth of Neural Networks. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jmlr/FanLW23>)
4. Andreas Thom: Approximation of functions by neural networks. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1901-10267>)
5. Jean-Jacques Mariage: Holistic S...ion and Self-Observation. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijcomputing/Mariage06>)
6. Fenglei Fan and Ge Wang: Duality...Depth of Neural Networks. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2002-02515>)
7. Convergence of Deep Neural Netwo...on Functions and Pooling. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2205-06570>)
8. Will Burstein and John Wilmes: O...ssion of Neural Networks. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icann/BursteinW20>)
9. Pierre Baldi: Neural networks, o...raic threshold functions. (1988) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tit/Baldi88>)
10. Hanqing Zeng et al.: Decoupling ...of Graph Neural Networks. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/nips/ZengZXSMKPJC21>)

[Tool]
Got 22 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                          |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn34666869                                                                    |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Masahito Ueda (<https://dblp.org/pid/16/10162>)                                 |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Masahito Ueda (<https://dblp.org/pid/16/10162>)                                 |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | Computing Research Repository (CoRR) (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/corr>) |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.12082>                                              |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Article                                                                  |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 2 (xsd:int)                                                                     |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Interplay between depth of neura...nd locality of target functions.             |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2022 (xsd:gYear)                                                                |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/journals/corr/corr2201>                                    |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                             |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                       | object |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------ |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | publishedIn (dblp:publishedIn) | CoRR   |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object           |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------- |
| Takashi Mori and Masahito Ueda: ...lity of target functions. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2201-12082>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2022 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?orcid WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer> dblp:orcid ?orcid
}

Yes, Friedrich Pillichshammer has an ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-9218.

Does the author Friedrich Pillichshammer have an ORCID?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Does the author Friedrich Pillichshammer have an ORCID?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Find the entity for Friedrich Pillichshammer in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Check if there is a property linking this author to an ORCID identifier.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Friedrich Pillichshammer".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Friedrich Pillichshammer, also known as Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>)
2. Tobias Friedrich 0001, also known as Tobias Friedrich (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/2310-1>)
3. Friedrich Eisenbrand, also known as Friedrich Eisenbrand (<https://dblp.org/pid/e/FEisenbrand>)
4. Gottlieb Pirsic and Friedrich Pi...tensible hyperplane nets. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ffa/PirsicP11>)
5. Friedrich Pukelsheim, also known as Friedrich Pukelsheim (<https://dblp.org/pid/32/4162>)
6. Friedrich Leisch, also known as Friedrich Leisch (<https://dblp.org/pid/48/5002>)
7. Friedrich Götze, also known as Friedrich Götze (<https://dblp.org/pid/178/8285>)
8. Thomas Friedrich 0002, also known as Thomas Friedrich (<https://dblp.org/pid/91/7589-2>)
9. Friedrich Recknagel, also known as Friedrich Recknagel (<https://dblp.org/pid/10/4291>)
10. Paul Friedrich 0002, also known as Paul Friedrich (<https://dblp.org/pid/304/8572-2>)

[Tool]
Got 26 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                     | property                                     | object                                      |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Friedrich Pillichshammer                    |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Friedrich Pillichshammer                    |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q64667268                                |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | affiliation (dblp:affiliation)               | Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Austria   |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-9218>     |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Austria   |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | webpage (dblp:webpage)                       | <https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=91153> |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn13170037                                |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                      |
| Friedrich Pillichshammer (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/FriedrichPillichshammer>) | rdfs:label                                   | Friedrich Pillichshammer                    |
| ...                                                                         | ...                                          | ...                                         |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?venue ?year WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91> dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

The publication 'AR modeling of musical transients' was published in ICASSP in 1991.

Where was 'AR modeling of musical transients' published and when?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was 'AR modeling of musical transients' published and when?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the publication venue and year for the work titled 'AR modeling of musical transients'.
2. First, I need to find the exact publication entity in the dblp knowledge graph using its title.
3. Then, I need to retrieve its dblp:publishedIn (venue) and dblp:yearOfPublication (year).

Step 1: Search for the publication entity by title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>)
2. Jade Alglave: Modeling of Architectures. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/sfm/Alglave15>)
3. Peter Wonka: Procedural modeling of architecture. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/siggraph/Wonka06>)
4. Arto Klami: Modeling of mutual dependencies. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/basesearch/Klami08>)
5. Witold Pedrycz: Collaborative Ar...ctures of Fuzzy Modeling. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/wcci/Pedrycz08>)
6. Colette Rolland: Modeling the evolution of artifacts. (1994) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/re/Rolland94>)
7. Giuliano Armano: Probabilistic M...of Progressive Filtering. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/Armano16>)
8. Ariane Middel: Procedural 3D Modeling of Cityscapes. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vluds/Middel06>)
9. Arne Spang: Thermomechanical modeling of magmatic systems. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/phd/dnb/Spang22>)
10. Arnold O. Allen: Modeling of Computer Systems. (1983) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cmg/Allen83a>)

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn34220514                                                                                |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Jean-Louis Meillier (<https://dblp.org/pid/03/11423>)                                                        |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Jean-Louis Meillier (<https://dblp.org/pid/03/11423>)                                                        |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | IEEE International Conference on..., and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/icassp>) |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.1991.151065>                                                                 |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 2 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | title (dblp:title)                         | AR modeling of musical transients.                                                                           |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 1991 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/icassp/icassp1991>                                                                 |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                       | object |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------ |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | publishedIn (dblp:publishedIn) | ICASSP |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object           |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------- |
| Jean-Louis Meillier and Antoine ...ng of musical transients. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icassp/MeillierC91>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 1991 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?venue ?year WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mie/FaxvaagTJ11> dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

The paper 'Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway' was published in the venue 'MIE' in the year 2011.

Where was the paper 'Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway' published and in which year?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was the paper 'Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway' published and in which year?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the venue (where published) and year for the paper titled "Research Management in Healthcare Informatics - Experiences from Norway".
2. According to the notes, I should:
   - Search for the publication entity using the exact title.
   - Retrieve its dblp:publishedIn (venue, as a string) and dblp:yearOfPublication (as xsd:gYear).

Step 1: Search for the publication entity by title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arild Faxvaag et al.: Research M... Experiences from Norway. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mie/FaxvaagTJ11>)
2. Thomas T. H. Wan: Healthcare Inf...vidence-Based Management. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jms/Wan06>)
3. Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/jhir>)
4. Sebastian Meyer et al.: Experien...a Joint Research Project. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/profes/MeyerARS12>)
5. Elisabeth Davenport: Social info...rch - a view from the UK. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jis/Davenport08>)
6. Riikka Vuokko: Experiences from ...and Control in Home Care. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hicss/Vuokko04>)
7. Kurt Sandkuhl and Hasan Koç: Org...om an Industrial Project. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/mkwi/SandkuhlK18>)
8. International Conference on Info...echnology in Healthcare (ICIMTH) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/icimth>)
9. Brigitte Jörg et al.: Harmonisin... and Outputs from UKRISS. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eurocris/JorgWJT14>)
10. Stanislaw Strzelczak: Towards On...rom a Foresight Research. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ifip5-7/Strzelczak15a>)

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| venue | year             |
| ----- | ---------------- |
| MIE   | 2011 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
ASK {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768> ; dblp:yearOfPublication "2016" ^^ xsd:gYear .
}

No, it is not true that Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova has not published in 2016. She did publish in 2016.

Hasn't Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna not published in 2016?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Hasn't Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna not published in 2016?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

- The user is asking if Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova has NOT published in 2016.
- This is a negation: "Hasn't ... not published in 2016?" which is a double negative, so the question is: "Did Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna publish in 2016?" and the user wants to know if the answer is "No".

Following the guidelines:
- For negated questions, I should write an ASK query for the positive fact (did she publish in 2016?), and invert the answer in prose.

Step 1: Find the correct entity for "Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna" in DBLP.

I'll search for this author.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova, also known as Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768>)
2. Natalia Nikolaevna Kuchukova, also known as Natalia Nikolaevna Kuchukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/297/9939>)
3. Nataliya Kos'myna, also known as Nataliya Kos'myna (<https://dblp.org/pid/229/1000>)
4. Nataliya Petrushenko, also known as Nataliya Petrushenko (<https://dblp.org/pid/251/8870>)
5. Nataliya Yatskiv, also known as Nataliya Yatskiv (<https://dblp.org/pid/34/10476>)
6. Nataliya Chukhrova, also known as Nataliya Chukhrova (<https://dblp.org/pid/236/6716>)
7. Nataliya Strokina, also known as Nataliya Strokina (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/9596>)
8. Nataliya Serdyukova, also known as Nataliya Serdyukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/11/3298>)
9. Nataliya Lenchik, also known as Nataliya Lenchik (<https://dblp.org/pid/17/3223>)
10. Nataliya Kushnir, also known as Nataliya Kushnir (<https://dblp.org/pid/05/11447>)

[Assistant]
The top result for "Kuchukova, Nataliya Nikolaevna" is:
- Nataliya Nikolaevna Kuchukova (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768>)

Step 2: Check if this author has any publications in 2016.

I'll write an ASK query to check if any publication exists with:
- dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/181/1768>
- dblp:yearOfPublication 2016

If the ASK query returns true, she published in 2016. If false, she did not.

Proceeding to construct and execute the ASK query.

[Tool] True

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ?title WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/30/3919> ; dblp:publishedIn "CoRR" ; dblp:title ?title .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?title ) , "cloud" ) )
}

The publication on Cloud environments authored by Chothia and published in CoRR is: "Types for Location and Data Security in Cloud Environments" (https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/GazeauCD17).

Mention the publication on Cloud environments that was published by Chothia in CoRR.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Mention the publication on Cloud environments that was published by Chothia in CoRR.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find a publication about "Cloud environments".
2. The author should be "Chothia".
3. The publication venue should be "CoRR".

Step 1: Find the entity for "Chothia" in dblp.
Step 2: Find publications authored by Chothia.
Step 3: Filter those published in "CoRR".
Step 4: Filter for those about "Cloud environments" (likely in the title).

Let's start by searching for "Chothia" as an author in dblp.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cyrus Chothia, also known as Cyrus Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/86/713>)
2. Zaheer Chothia, also known as Zaheer Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/151/7519>)
3. Tom Chothia, also known as Tom Chothia (<https://dblp.org/pid/30/3919>)
4. Tom Chothia and Dominic Duggan: ...bility-Passing Processes. (2005) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/entcs/ChothiaD06>)
5. Tom Chothia et al.: Probabilisti...oint Information Leakage. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/csfw/ChothiaKNP13>)
6. Tom Chothia et al.: Type-Based Distributed Access Control. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/csfw/ChothiaDV03>)
7. Zaheer Chothia et al.: Grok the data center. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/apsys/ChothiaYR14>)
8. Tom Chothia and Dominic Duggan: ...bility passing processes. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/scp/ChothiaD07>)
9. Tom Chothia et al.: Phishing Attacks: Learning by Doing. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/uss/ChothiaPO18>)
10. Zaheer Chothia et al.: Explainin...in Modern Data Analytics. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/pvldb/ChothiaLMR16>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hugh Corr, also known as Hugh Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/69/9897>)
2. Denis Corr, also known as Denis Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/245/5331>)
3. Dörte Corr, also known as Dörte Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/185/1873>)
4. Felix Corr, also known as Felix Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/338/1250>)
5. Francis Corr, also known as Francis Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/183/3862>)
6. Frank Corr, also known as Frank Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/293/1407>)
7. Dan Corr, also known as Dan Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/55/5616>)
8. Corry, also known as Corry (<https://dblp.org/pid/284/7480>)
9. Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua, also known as Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua (<https://dblp.org/pid/27/10396>)
10. Corrado Corradi, also known as Corrado Corradi (<https://dblp.org/pid/48/6659>)

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. CoRR
2. Correctness@SC
3. CORRECTNESS@SC
4. Correct Reasoning
5. Correct System Design
6. Designing Correct Circuits
7. Provably Correct Systems
8. Concurrency, Compositionality, and Correctness
9. Memory System Performance and Correctness
10. Correct Software in Web Applications and Web Services

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| pub                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Qian Ge et al.: Time Protection: the Missing OS Abstraction. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-1810-05345>) |
| Chris McMahon Stone et al.: The ...l State Machine Learning. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2106-02623>) |
| Ivan Gazeau et al.: Types for Lo...ty in Cloud Environments. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/GazeauCD17>)     |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                       |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Ivan Gazeau et al.: Types for Lo...ty in Cloud Environments. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/GazeauCD17>) | Types for Location and Data Security in Cloud Environments. |

[Tool] Stopped generation process