PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?pub ?title ?venue ?year WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/64/490> ; dblp:publishedIn ?venue ; dblp:title ?title ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
  FILTER ( ?venue = "VTC Spring" || ?venue = "CoRR" )
}

Mika Hoppari (Hoppari, M.) published the following paper in VTC Spring: "Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network" (2020). No papers were found in CoRR.

What papers did Hoppari, M. publish in VTC Spring and CoRR?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What papers did Hoppari, M. publish in VTC Spring and CoRR?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find the entity for "Hoppari, M." in DBLP.
2. We need to identify the venue names for "VTC Spring" and "CoRR" as used in the dblp:publishedIn property.
3. We need to find all papers authored by Hoppari, M. that were published in either "VTC Spring" or "CoRR".

Step 1: Search for the author entity "Hoppari, M." in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mika Hoppari, also known as Mika Hoppari (<https://dblp.org/pid/64/490>)
2. Mika Hoppari et al.: Performance...nologies-Empirical Study. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/fi/HoppariUMHR21>)
3. Mika Hoppari et al.: The LSA Bas... Commercial MNO Networks. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eucnc/HoppariHP20>)

[Assistant]
The author "Hoppari, M." corresponds to "Mika Hoppari" with the IRI <https://dblp.org/pid/64/490>.

Next, let's determine the exact venue names for "VTC Spring" and "CoRR" as used in the dblp:publishedIn property. I'll search for example publications in these venues to see the exact string values.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Neil Spring, also known as Neil Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/s/NeilTSpring>)
2. Bonnie Spring, also known as Bonnie Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/185/3941>)
3. Joseph Spring, also known as Joseph Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/169/1605>)
4. David Spring, also known as David Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/129/7823>)
5. Timo Spring, also known as Timo Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/221/3674>)
6. Anett Spring, also known as Anett Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/192/6295>)
7. Andreas Spring, also known as Andreas Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/179/0108>)
8. Aaron Spring, also known as Aaron Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/290/3736>)
9. Alexander Spring, also known as Alexander Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/217/8035>)
10. Daniel Spring, also known as Daniel Spring (<https://dblp.org/pid/12/7682>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hugh Corr, also known as Hugh Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/69/9897>)
2. Denis Corr, also known as Denis Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/245/5331>)
3. Dörte Corr, also known as Dörte Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/185/1873>)
4. Felix Corr, also known as Felix Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/338/1250>)
5. Francis Corr, also known as Francis Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/183/3862>)
6. Frank Corr, also known as Frank Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/293/1407>)
7. Dan Corr, also known as Dan Corr (<https://dblp.org/pid/55/5616>)
8. Corry, also known as Corry (<https://dblp.org/pid/284/7480>)
9. Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua, also known as Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua (<https://dblp.org/pid/27/10396>)
10. Corrado Corradi, also known as Corrado Corradi (<https://dblp.org/pid/48/6659>)

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. VTC
2. VTC Fall
3. VTC Spring
4. VTC2023-Spring
5. VTC Fall (2)

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. CoRR
2. Correctness@SC
3. CORRECTNESS@SC
4. Correct Reasoning
5. Correct System Design
6. Designing Correct Circuits
7. Provably Correct Systems
8. Concurrency, Compositionality, and Correctness
9. Memory System Performance and Correctness
10. Correct Software in Web Applications and Web Services

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                           | venue      | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- |
| Ilkka Harjula et al.: Dynamic Sp...an-Wide Research Network. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vtc/HarjulaPVPHFS20>) | Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network. | VTC Spring | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                           | venue      | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- |
| Ilkka Harjula et al.: Dynamic Sp...an-Wide Research Network. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vtc/HarjulaPVPHFS20>) | Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network. | VTC Spring | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                           | venue      | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- |
| Ilkka Harjula et al.: Dynamic Sp...an-Wide Research Network. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vtc/HarjulaPVPHFS20>) | Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network. | VTC Spring | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                           | venue      | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- |
| Ilkka Harjula et al.: Dynamic Sp...an-Wide Research Network. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vtc/HarjulaPVPHFS20>) | Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network. | VTC Spring | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                | venue                         |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
| Mika Hoppari et al.: The LSA Bas... Commercial MNO Networks. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eucnc/HoppariHP20>)            | EuCNC                         |
| Mikko Uitto et al.: Remote Contr...pment in 5G Test Network. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eucnc/UittoHHIAM19>)           | EuCNC                         |
| Marko Höyhtyä et al.: Validation... systems : Invited Paper. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eusipco/HoyhtyaHM19>)          | EUSIPCO                       |
| Jari Kreku et al.: Application -... Modeling and Evaluation. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/fdl/KrekuHKQST08>)             | FDL                           |
| Jari Kreku et al.: Application W...r Performance Evaluation. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/fdl/KrekuHKQST08a>)            | FDL (Selected Papers)         |
| ...                                                                                | ...                           |
| Ilkka Harjula et al.: Dynamic Sp...an-Wide Research Network. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vtc/HarjulaPVPHFS20>)          | VTC Spring                    |
| Marko Höyhtyä et al.: Critical C... Slicing and QoS Control. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/access/HoyhtyaLSHKNKHP18>) | IEEE Access                   |
| Jari Kreku et al.: Combining UML...al-Time Embedded Systems. (2008) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ejes/KrekuHKQSAT08>)       | EURASIP J. Embed. Syst.       |
| Mika Hoppari et al.: Performance...nologies-Empirical Study. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/fi/HoppariUMHR21>)         | Future Internet               |
| Marko Höyhtyä et al.: Licensed s...ctions for 5G and beyond. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijscn/HoyhtyaMHJKORPP21>)  | Int. J. Satell. Commun. Netw. |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                           | venue      | year             |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------- |
| Ilkka Harjula et al.: Dynamic Sp...an-Wide Research Network. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vtc/HarjulaPVPHFS20>) | Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network. | VTC Spring | 2020 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?pub ) AS ?numPapers ) WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/21/4802>
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| numPapers     |
| ------------- |
| 616 (xsd:int) |

Deb, K. (Kalyanmoy Deb) has published 616 papers according to the DBLP knowledge graph.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many papers has Deb, K. published?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the steps:

1. Identify the correct entity for "Deb, K." in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Use the dblp:authoredBy property to find all publications authored by this entity.
3. Count the number of distinct publications.

First, I will search for the entity corresponding to "Deb, K." in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Kalyanmoy Deb, also known as Kalyanmoy Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/4802>)
2. Deb K. Pal, also known as Deb K. Pal (<https://dblp.org/pid/148/4638>)
3. Abhijit K. Deb, also known as Abhijit K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/08/3720>)
4. Sanjib K. Deb, also known as Sanjib K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/65/10889>)
5. S. K. Deb, also known as S. K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/94/6422>)
6. Nirmal K. Deb, also known as Nirmal K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/204/4982>)
7. Parag K. Deb, also known as Parag K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/88/2720>)
8. Rajat K. Deb, also known as Rajat K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/38/2553>)
9. Sudip K. Deb, also known as Sudip K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/316/6127>)
10. Sumanta K. Deb, also known as Sumanta K. Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/201/5654>)

[Assistant]
The top result for "Deb, K." is Kalyanmoy Deb (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/4802>), who is widely known as "Deb, K." in academic publications.

Next, I will count the number of distinct publications authored by this entity using the dblp:authoredBy property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| numPapers     |
| ------------- |
| 616 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?coauthor ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?pub ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520> .
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy ?coauthor .
  FILTER ( ?coauthor != <https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520> )
}
GROUP BY ?coauthor
ORDER BY DESC ( ?count )
LIMIT 1

The most frequent co-author of K. Wang is Manfred B. Wischnewsky (https://dblp.org/pid/29/5360), and they have 3 research papers together.

Name the most frequent co-author of K. Wang and how many research papers do they have together?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Name the most frequent co-author of K. Wang and how many research papers do they have together?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the correct entity for "K. Wang" in DBLP.
2. Then, we need to find all publications authored by K. Wang.
3. For each publication, find all co-authors (excluding K. Wang).
4. Count the number of joint publications for each co-author.
5. Return the co-author with the highest count and the number of joint papers.

Step 1: Search for the entity "K. Wang" in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. K. Wang (disambiguation), also known as K. Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>)
2. K. K. Wang, also known as K. K. Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/59/3787>)
3. Kun Wang 0005, also known as Kun Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/05/1958-5>)
4. Ke Wang 0003, also known as Ke Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/2613-3>)
5. Kehao Wang 0002, also known as Kehao Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/62/9365-2>)
6. Kai Wang 0012, also known as Kai Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/78/2022-12>)
7. Kai Wang 0007, also known as Kai Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/78/2022-7>)
8. Kai Wang 0052, also known as Kai Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/78/2022-52>)
9. Kehao Wang 0001, also known as Kehao Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/62/9365>)
10. Kai Wang 0014, also known as Kai Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/78/2022-14>)

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                   | property                                     | object                                   |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | K. Wang                                  |
| K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | K. Wang                                  |
| K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                   |
| K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn13259718                             |
| K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) | rdfs:label                                   | K. Wang (disambiguation)                 |
| K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) | rdf:type                                     | AmbiguousCreator (dblp:AmbiguousCreator) |

[Tool]
Got 22 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                                    |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| K. Wang et al.: Detecting range ... small size RFID LF tags. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/rfidta/WangDCCGBPDRLJ12>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| K. Wang et al.: Dual-carrier 400...M-QPSK modulation format. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ofc/WangLLMWHMWL15>)      | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| J. Zhao et al.: Integration von ...bizidberatung (HERBASYS). (1990) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/umwelt/ZhaoWWGP90>)       | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| K. Wang et al.: Ultrasonic and E...servoir Characterization. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2007-00191>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| Holger Dürer et al.: Intensive-H...for intensive care units. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbms/DurerWWZH92>)        | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| Yuriy V. Zakharov et al.: Joint ...entation for LTE systems. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icdsp/ZakharovLZTW17>)    | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| Yu Shao et al.: Asymptotic Trans...y A Single ON-OFF Source. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/uemcom/ShaoBLWC18>)       | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| H. Chuang et al.: On Group Choosability of Graphs, II. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/gc/ChuangLOWZ14>)           | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| Shingo Tajima et al.: Brain acti...magneto-impedance sensor. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icsenst/TajimaUOW13>)     | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| K. Wang et al.: A Planar Archite...bration Energy Harvester. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ieeesensors/WangXZZ24>)   | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | K. Wang (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/60/6520>) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                          | ...                                                       |

[Tool]
Got 22 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Holger Dürer et al.: Intensive-H...for intensive care units. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbms/DurerWWZH92>)        |
| K. Wang et al.: FPGA Implementat...n OFDM-WLAN Synchronizer. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/delta/WangSF04>)          |
| K. Wang et al.: Control of High-...s PM Brushless DC Motors. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iasam/WangRS10>)          |
| Philip H. Enslow Jr. et al.: Per...packet-switched networks. (1991) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icdcs/EnslowAW91>)        |
| Yuriy V. Zakharov et al.: Joint ...entation for LTE systems. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icdsp/ZakharovLZTW17>)    |
| ...                                                                                |
| K. Wang and S. H. Choi: A holoni...chastic processing times. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cor/WangC14>)         |
| K. Wang et al.: Ultrasonic and E...servoir Characterization. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2007-00191>) |
| W. C. Wu et al.: Continuous Data...Slip Boundary Conditions. (2025) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2503-21234>) |
| K. Wang and C. Yuile: The Applic...pace Services, Australia. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/datascience/WangY13>) |
| H. Chuang et al.: On Group Choosability of Graphs, II. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/gc/ChuangLOWZ14>)           |

[Tool]
Got 70 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                | coauthor                                                   |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| Holger Dürer et al.: Intensive-H...for intensive care units. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbms/DurerWWZH92>)        | Manfred B. Wischnewsky (<https://dblp.org/pid/29/5360>)    |
| Holger Dürer et al.: Intensive-H...for intensive care units. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbms/DurerWWZH92>)        | Jun Zhao (disambiguation) (<https://dblp.org/pid/47/2026>) |
| Holger Dürer et al.: Intensive-H...for intensive care units. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbms/DurerWWZH92>)        | J. Hommel (<https://dblp.org/pid/61/11221>)                |
| Holger Dürer et al.: Intensive-H...for intensive care units. (1992) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cbms/DurerWWZH92>)        | Holger Dürer (<https://dblp.org/pid/78/1951>)              |
| K. Wang et al.: FPGA Implementat...n OFDM-WLAN Synchronizer. (2004) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/delta/WangSF04>)          | Michael Faulkner (<https://dblp.org/pid/13/2922>)          |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                        |
| K. Wang and C. Yuile: The Applic...pace Services, Australia. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/datascience/WangY13>) | C. Yuile (<https://dblp.org/pid/145/9544>)                 |
| H. Chuang et al.: On Group Choosability of Graphs, II. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/gc/ChuangLOWZ14>)           | Niloufar Zakeri (<https://dblp.org/pid/144/4193>)          |
| H. Chuang et al.: On Group Choosability of Graphs, II. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/gc/ChuangLOWZ14>)           | H. Chuang (<https://dblp.org/pid/144/4247>)                |
| H. Chuang et al.: On Group Choosability of Graphs, II. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/gc/ChuangLOWZ14>)           | Gholam Reza Omidi (<https://dblp.org/pid/31/4779>)         |
| H. Chuang et al.: On Group Choosability of Graphs, II. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/gc/ChuangLOWZ14>)           | Hong-Jian Lai (<https://dblp.org/pid/44/2775>)             |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| coauthor                                                | count       |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- |
| Manfred B. Wischnewsky (<https://dblp.org/pid/29/5360>) | 3 (xsd:int) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| name                   |
| ---------------------- |
| Manfred B. Wischnewsky |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?num1 ?num2 WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tcyb/MaB21> dblp:numberOfCreators ?num1 .
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/etfa/Missal0H07> dblp:numberOfCreators ?num2 .
}

The paper 'Hierarchical distributed controllers - design and verification' has more co-authors (3) than 'A Novel Multiagent Neurodynamic Approach to Constrained Distributed Convex Optimization' (2).

Between 'A Novel Multiagent Neurodynamic Approach to Constrained Distributed Convex Optimization' and 'Hierarchical distributed controllers - design and verification', which paper has more number of co-authors?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Between 'A Novel Multiagent Neurodynamic Approach to Constrained Distributed Convex Optimization' and 'Hierarchical distributed controllers - design and verification', which paper has more number of co-authors?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the problem:

1. Identify the two papers in the dblp knowledge graph by their exact titles.
2. For each paper, retrieve the number of co-authors. According to the schema, the number of authors can be found using dblp:numberOfCreators, or by counting distinct dblp:authoredBy links.
3. Compare the numbers and determine which paper has more co-authors.

Step 1: Search for the two papers by their titles to get their IRIs.

I'll start by searching for the first paper: "A Novel Multiagent Neurodynamic Approach to Constrained Distributed Convex Optimization".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Litao Ma and Wei Bian: A Novel M...uted Convex Optimization. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tcyb/MaB21>)
2. Xinrui Jiang et al.: A penalty-l...uted convex optimization. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijon/JiangQX20>)
3. Qingshan Liu et al.: A Collectiv...Constrained Optimization. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tnn/LiuYW17>)
4. Na Liu and Sitian Qin: A Novel N...seudoconvex Optimization. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tcyb/LiuQ19>)
5. Wenwen Jia et al.: A collective ...constrained optimization. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/nn/JiaHQ24>)
6. You Zhao et al.: Novel projectio...ined convex optimization. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/nn/ZhaoLH22>)
7. Guocheng Li et al.: A Neurodynam...ine Equality Constraints. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/access/LiLQF22>)
8. Yangxia Li et al.: A p-power neu...d nonconvex optimization. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cnsns/LiX0CA24>)
9. Zheng Yan et al.: A Collective N...ined Global Optimization. (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tnn/YanFW17>)
10. Shaofu Yang et al.: A Collaborat...Distributed Optimization. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tnn/YangLW18>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Dirk Missal et al.: Hierarchical... design and verification. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/etfa/Missal0H07>)
2. Albert Fleischmann: Distributed ...esign and implementation. (1994) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/daglib/0074061>)
3. Karthik Murthy et al.: Design an...n of Distributed Phasers. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/europar/MurthyPMCM16>)
4. Diego Marmsoler: Hierarchical Sp...tectural Design Patterns. (2018) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/fase/Marmsoler18>)
5. Pradeep Kumar Sinha: Distributed...ms - concepts and design. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/books/daglib/0085461>)
6. Christina Nissen et al.: Trackin... - Design and Evaluation. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/evoteid/NissenKVFH24>)
7. Luis Guarin et al.: Passenger Sh... Design and Verification. (2014) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/hci/GuarinHV14>)
8. Jongwoo Kim et al.: Design and v...controllers for airships. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/iros/KimKK03>)
9. Wenchao Li et al.: Design and ve...rate distributed systems. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/memocode/LiGS15>)
10. Michele Bugliesi and Paolo Modes... Design and Verification. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ifip1-7/BugliesiM10>)

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| num1        | num2        |
| ----------- | ----------- |
| 2 (xsd:int) | 3 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?coauthor ?affiliation WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829> ; dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
  FILTER ( ?year >= ( YEAR( NOW () ) - 2 ) ) ?pub dblp:authoredBy ?coauthor .
  FILTER ( ?coauthor != <https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829> ) OPTIONAL {
    ?coauthor dblp:primaryAffiliation ?affiliation
  }
}

N. Engell Andersen has not published any papers in the last 2 years in the dblp database, so there are no co-authors or affiliations to list for this period.

List the co-authors of Andersen, N. Engell in the last 2 years and where are they affiliated.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] List the co-authors of Andersen, N. Engell in the last 2 years and where are they affiliated.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. Identify the entity for "Andersen, N. Engell" in the dblp knowledge graph.
2. Find all publications authored by this person in the last 2 years.
3. Find all co-authors (other authors on those publications).
4. For each co-author, get their affiliation (if available).

Step 1: Search for the entity for "Andersen, N. Engell".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Niels Engell Andersen, also known as Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>)
2. Terje N. Andersen, also known as Terje N. Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/95/966>)
3. Frederik N. Andersen, also known as Frederik N. Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/377/2374>)
4. Bo N. Andersen, also known as Bo N. Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/287/8305>)
5. Njål Andersen, also known as Njål Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/279/8194>)
6. Nikolaj Andersen, also known as Nikolaj Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/121/4463>)
7. Nils Andersen, also known as Nils Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/13/5382>)
8. Patrick N. Andersen, also known as Patrick N. Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/347/2463>)
9. Nele Andersen, also known as Nele Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/118/4019>)
10. Neal Andersen, also known as Neal Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/213/9224>)

[Assistant]
The top result for "Andersen, N. Engell" is "Niels Engell Andersen" with the IRI <https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>. This matches the likely intended author.

Next, I will:
- Find all publications authored by this person in the last 2 years (using dblp:authoredBy and dblp:yearOfPublication).
- For each publication, get all co-authors (excluding Andersen, N. Engell).
- For each co-author, get their affiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation).

Let's proceed step by step.

First, let's check the property for affiliation on author entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. creator name (dblp:creatorName): The full name of the creator., Creator
2. primary creator name (dblp:primaryCreatorName): The primary full name of the creator., creatorname, Creator

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                 | property                                     | object                 |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Niels Engell Andersen  |
| Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Niels Engell Andersen  |
| Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator) |
| Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn15601320           |
| Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>) | rdfs:label                                   | Niels Engell Andersen  |
| Niels Engell Andersen (<https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829>) | rdf:type                                     | Person (dblp:Person)   |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. affiliation (dblp:affiliation): A (past or present) affiliation of the creator. (Remark: This pr...ring values until institutions are modelled as proper entities.), creatorNote, Creator
2. primary affiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation): The primary affiliation of the creator. (Remark: This property c...ring values until institutions are modelled as proper entities.), affiliation, Creator
3. has signature (dblp:hasSignature): A signature that links this publication to an creator., Publication, Signature
4. signature orcid (dblp:signatureOrcid): An ORCID that links the publication to a creator., Signature
5. signature publication (dblp:signaturePublication): The publication of this signature., Publication, Signature
6. published by (dblp:publishedBy): The publisher of the publication. (Remark: This property current...string values until publishers are modelled as proper entities.), Publication
7. title (dblp:title): The title of the publication., Publication
8. isbn (dblp:isbn): An International Standard Book Number., Publication, identifier
9. related stream (dblp:relatedStream): This stream is related to the other stream in some unspecified way., Stream
10. doi (dblp:doi): A Digital Object Identifier., Publication, identifier

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                  | property                                     | object                                                              |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Sören Auer (<https://dblp.org/pid/05/6406>)              | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | TIB - Leibniz Information Centre...nd Technology, Hannover, Germany |
| James P. Howard II (<https://dblp.org/pid/229/3870>)     | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD, US               |
| Dongpu Cao (<https://dblp.org/pid/141/7805>)             | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | University of Waterloo, Departme...cs Engineering, Waterloo, Canada |
| Mohamed Abdel-Basset (<https://dblp.org/pid/195/5342>)   | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | Zagazig University, Department of Operations Research, Egypt        |
| Artur S. d'Avila Garcez (<https://dblp.org/pid/26/4820>) | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | City University London, Department of Computer Science              |
| Fadi M. Al-Turjman (<https://dblp.org/pid/18/3784>)      | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | Near East University, Mersin, North Cyprus                          |
| Allen Newell (<https://dblp.org/pid/01/4946>)            | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | Carnegie Mellon University, Depa...ter Science, Pittsburgh, PA, USA |
| Linda R. Petzold (<https://dblp.org/pid/03/3669>)        | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | University of California, Santa Barbara, USA                        |
| Arthur Charpentier (<https://dblp.org/pid/03/7886>)      | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | University of Rennes 1, CREM, France                                |
| Alex Pappachen James (<https://dblp.org/pid/03/8462>)    | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | Digital University Kerala (DUK), Trivandrum, India                  |
| ...                                                      | ...                                          | ...                                                                 |

[Assistant]
We have confirmed that the property for primary affiliation is dblp:primaryAffiliation, and it is used on creator (author) entities.

Now, let's build the SPARQL query:
- Find all publications authored by <https://dblp.org/pid/286/6829> in the last 2 years (using dblp:yearOfPublication and YEAR(NOW()) - 2).
- For each such publication, find all co-authors (?coauthor) via dblp:authoredBy, excluding the main author.
- For each co-author, get their affiliation via dblp:primaryAffiliation (OPTIONAL).

Here is the SPARQL query:

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | year             |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Niels Engell Andersen et al.: Ap...ntegration of IP and ATM. (2000) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cm/AndersenABCDFKM00>) | 2000 (xsd:gYear) |
| Niels Engell Andersen et al.: Br...and small business users. (1997) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cm/AndersenNDLEPAD97>) | 1997 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
ASK {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/p/JianPei> ; dblp:publishedIn "ICDM" .
}

True. According to the DBLP knowledge graph, Jian Pei did not publish in ICDM.

Did the author Jian Pei not publish in ICDM?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Did the author Jian Pei not publish in ICDM?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

- The user wants to know if Jian Pei has not published in ICDM.
- To answer this, I need to check if there exists any publication authored by Jian Pei in the venue "ICDM".
- If such a publication exists, the answer is "False" (i.e., Jian Pei did publish in ICDM). If not, the answer is "True" (i.e., Jian Pei did not publish in ICDM).
- The correct approach is to write an ASK query that checks for the existence of a publication with dblp:authoredBy Jian Pei and dblp:publishedIn "ICDM".

Step 1: Find the IRI for Jian Pei in DBLP.

I will search for the entity "Jian Pei" in the DBLP knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jian Pei 0001, also known as Jian Pei (<https://dblp.org/pid/p/JianPei>)
2. Jian Pei 0002, also known as Jian Pei (<https://dblp.org/pid/315/0931-2>)
3. Jian Pei 0003, also known as Jian Pei (<https://dblp.org/pid/315/0931-3>)
4. Jian Pei (disambiguation), also known as Jian Pei (<https://dblp.org/pid/315/0931>)
5. Pei Jiang 0006, also known as Pei Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/237/1412>)
6. Pei Jiang 0003, also known as Pei Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/88/8012-3>)
7. Pei Jiang 0010, also known as Pei Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/388/2248>)
8. Pei Jiang 0009, also known as Pei Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/384/1858>)
9. Pei Jiang 0008, also known as Pei Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/283/3228>)
10. Pei Jiang 0007, also known as Pei Jiang (<https://dblp.org/pid/281/0727>)

[Assistant]
There are multiple "Jian Pei" entries, but the primary one is likely "Jian Pei 0001" with IRI <https://dblp.org/pid/p/JianPei>. This is the canonical DBLP identifier for the well-known data mining researcher.

Next, I will construct an ASK query to check if there exists any publication with:
- dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/p/JianPei>
- dblp:publishedIn "ICDM"

If such a publication exists, the answer to "Did the author Jian Pei not publish in ICDM?" is False. If not, the answer is True.

Let me execute the ASK query.

[Tool] True

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?venue WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021> dblp:publishedIn ?venue
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| venue |
| ----- |
| ISGV  |

The publication 'Coverless Video Steganography Based on Inter Frame Combination' was published in the venue 'ISGV'.

'Coverless Video Steganography Based on Inter Frame Combination' was published in which venue?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] 'Coverless Video Steganography Based on Inter Frame Combination' was published in which venue?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the venue (conference/journal) where the publication titled "Coverless Video Steganography Based on Inter Frame Combination" was published.
2. To answer this, I need to:
   - Find the publication entity in DBLP with the exact title.
   - Retrieve its venue using the property dblp:publishedIn.

Step 1: Search for the publication entity by title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>)
2. Nan Li et al.: Robust coverless ...-frame keypoint matching. (2023) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/istr/LiQXT23>)
3. Laijin Meng et al.: A Robust Cov...milarity of Inter-Frames. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tmm/MengJSZX24>)
4. Yun Tan et al.: Coverless Stegan...Motion Analysis of Video. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/scn/TanQXZW21>)
5. Laijin Meng et al.: Coverless Vi... Maximum DC Coefficients. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2012-06809>)
6. Yangping Lin et al.: Robust vide... channel-space attention. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jei/Lin00CZ022>)
7. Ge Li et al.: Depth Video Inter ...on Deep Frame Generation. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/tbc/LiLPPL24>)
8. Haoyue Tian et al.: Video Frame ...Deformable Kernel Region. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ijcai/TianGP22>)
9. Haoyue Tian et al.: Video Frame ...Deformable Kernel Region. (2022) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2204-11396>)
10. Yueshuang Jiao et al.: A robust ... on asymmetric structure. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jvcir/JiaoZLLLL24>)

[Assistant]
The top search result matches the exact title: "Coverless Video Steganography Based on Inter Frame Combination" with the entity IRI: https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021.

Next, I will retrieve the venue for this publication using the property dblp:publishedIn.

[Tool]
Got 36 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn420251                                                                                |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Wenbo Wan (<https://dblp.org/pid/142/0297>)                                                  |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Wenbo Wan (<https://dblp.org/pid/142/0297>)                                                  |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | International Symposium on Geometry and Vision (ISGV) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/isgv>) |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72073-5_11>                                               |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                         |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 4 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Coverless Video Steganography Based on Inter Frame Combination.                              |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2021 (xsd:gYear)                                                                             |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/isgv/isgv2021>                                                     |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                       | object |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------ |
| Liming Zou et al.: Coverless Vid... Inter Frame Combination. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isgv/ZouWW021>) | publishedIn (dblp:publishedIn) | ISGV   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process