PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?pub ?title WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/95/19> .
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/50/4880> .
  ?pub dblp:publishedIn "Appl. Math. Comput." .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?pub dblp:title ?title
  }
}

Song Zheng and Bi, Qinsheng co-authored the following paper in Appl. Math. Comput.:
- "A new hyperchaotic system and its synchronization" (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/amc/ZhengDB10>)

What are the papers that Song Zheng and Bi, Qinsheng published in Appl. Math. Comput.?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the papers that Song Zheng and Bi, Qinsheng published in Appl. Math. Comput.?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find papers co-authored by both Song Zheng and Bi, Qinsheng.
2. The papers must be published in the venue "Appl. Math. Comput." (which is the short name for "Applied Mathematics and Computation" in DBLP).
3. We need to retrieve the IRIs of these papers, and optionally their titles.

Step 1: Find the correct author entities for "Song Zheng" and "Bi, Qinsheng" in DBLP.

Step 2: Construct a query to find publications where both authors are listed as creators and where the venue is "Appl. Math. Comput.".

Let's start by searching for the author entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Zheng Song 0001, also known as Zheng Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/29/7459>)
2. Zheng Song 0002, also known as Zheng Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/2470-2>)
3. Zheng Song (disambiguation), also known as Zheng Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/181/2470>)
4. Song Zheng, also known as Song Zheng (<https://dblp.org/pid/95/19>)
5. Zheng Songhui, also known as Zheng Songhui (<https://dblp.org/pid/53/7466>)
6. Zhengxiang Song, also known as Zhengxiang Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/54/8790>)
7. Zhengxi Song, also known as Zhengxi Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/125/5221>)
8. Zhengxin Song, also known as Zhengxin Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/288/0024>)
9. Zhengwei Song, also known as Zhengwei Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/245/8282>)
10. Zhengyang Song, also known as Zhengyang Song (<https://dblp.org/pid/194/2748>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Qinsheng Bi, also known as Qinsheng Bi (<https://dblp.org/pid/50/4880>)
2. Qinsheng Zhu, also known as Qinsheng Zhu (<https://dblp.org/pid/323/8780>)
3. Qinsheng Zhuang, also known as Qinsheng Zhuang (<https://dblp.org/pid/20/1137>)
4. Qinsheng Li, also known as Qinsheng Li (<https://dblp.org/pid/261/8399>)
5. Qinsheng Du, also known as Qinsheng Du (<https://dblp.org/pid/76/10422>)
6. Qinsheng Hou, also known as Qinsheng Hou (<https://dblp.org/pid/276/0713>)
7. Qinsheng Wang, also known as Qinsheng Wang (<https://dblp.org/pid/387/8729>)
8. Qinsheng Yun, also known as Qinsheng Yun (<https://dblp.org/pid/253/1036>)
9. Qinsheng Zhang, also known as Qinsheng Zhang (<https://dblp.org/pid/160/1822>)
10. Ren Qinsheng, also known as Ren Qinsheng (<https://dblp.org/pid/76/2706>)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Applied Mathematics and Computation (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/amc>)
2. Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM) (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/cam>)
3. Computers & Mathematics with Applications (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/cma>)
4. Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/cmam>)
5. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/jcam>)
6. A computer application in mathematics. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cma/SivasubramanianK10>)
7. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computing (JAMC) (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/jamc>)
8. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (<https://dblp.org/streams/journals/amcs>)
9. Retraction notice to: "Computer ...l. 59(1) (2009) 296-297]. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/cma/SivasubramanianK12>)
10. R. D. Harding: Computer-Aided Te...g of Applied Mathematics. (1974) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/rgu/Harding74>)

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                              |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| Song Zheng et al.: A new hyperch... and its synchronization. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/amc/ZhengDB10>) | A new hyperchaotic system and its synchronization. |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


# No valid author IRI found for Y. Ma, so no query can be constructed.

I could not find an entity for 'Y. Ma' or 'Ma' in the dblp knowledge graph. Without the correct author entity IRI, I cannot construct a reliable SPARQL query to compute the average number of co-authors for this author. The search_entity function returned no results for both queries.

What is the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the correct entity for "Y. Ma" in the dblp knowledge graph.
2. For each publication authored by Y. Ma, we need to count the number of co-authors (excluding Y. Ma themselves).
3. We then need to compute the average number of co-authors per publication.

Step 1: Search for the entity for "Y. Ma".

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
I searched for "Y. Ma" in the dblp knowledge graph but did not find a matching entity. This could be due to several reasons: the author might be listed under a different variant of their name, or there may be a disambiguation entry.

To proceed, I will try searching for "Ma" to see if there are any author entities with that surname and then look for variants or disambiguation entries that might correspond to "Y. Ma".

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
I was unable to find any entities for "Ma" in the dblp knowledge graph, which suggests that either the author is not present in the dataset under that name or the search requires a more specific or different format (such as full names or initials with additional context).

Without the correct author entity IRI, I cannot construct a reliable SPARQL query to answer the question about the average number of co-authors for research papers published by Y. Ma.

If you can provide a more specific name variant or additional context, I can try searching again. Otherwise, I am unable to proceed with a satisfactory SPARQL query for this question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?type WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21> dblp:bibtexType ?type
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| type                 |
| -------------------- |
| bibtex:Inproceedings |

The bibtex type of the publication 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application' is 'Inproceedings'.

What bibtex type of publication is 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application'?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What bibtex type of publication is 'Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application'?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the bibtex type (e.g., article, inproceedings, etc.) of a specific publication.
2. The publication is identified by its exact title: "Using Interaction as Nudge to Increase Installation Rate of COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application".

Step 1: Find the publication entity in DBLP by searching for the exact title.

Step 2: Once the publication entity is found, look for a property that indicates its bibtex type. In DBLP, this is likely to be bibtex:hasType or a similar property.

Step 3: Retrieve the bibtex type for the publication.

First, I will search for the publication entity using the title.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>)
2. Aravind Natarajan et al.: Measur...ns to COVID-19 detection. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/npjdm/NatarajanSHBON21>)
3. Hui Liu et al.: ASTRA: Applicati...ining to rate adaptation. (2012) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/secon/LiuHCCR12>)
4. James M. Torson: Application of ... of radio astronomy data. (1980) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/siggraph/Torson80>)
5. Jesse Hoey: Tracking using Flock... to Assisted Handwashing. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/bmvc/Hoey06>)
6. Asako Kimura: Editor's Message t...plication of Interaction. (2016) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jip/Kimura16>)
7. Ajit Kumar et al.: Analysis of U... Topic Modeling Approach. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ihci/KumarSC21>)
8. Naçima Mellal and Asma Saighi: O...on to COVID-19 diagnosis. (2024) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/pais/MellalS24>)
9. Jérémy Frey: Heart Rate Monitori... Human-Agent Interaction. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/phycs/Frey15>)
10. Beth Porter and Burçin Bozkaya: ...ement in Online Learning. (2020) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/corr/abs-2008-08241>)

[Tool]
Got 45 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn7161714                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Yugo Nakamura (<https://dblp.org/pid/163/0096>)                                                           |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Yugo Nakamura (<https://dblp.org/pid/163/0096>)                                                           |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | ACM International Joint Conferen...d Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/huc>) |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1145/3460418.3479284>                                                                 |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 6 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Using Interaction as Nudge to In... Contact-Confirming Application.                                       |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2021 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Yuji Kanamitsu et al.: Using Int...t-Confirming Application. (2021) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/huc/KanamitsutN0SY21>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/huc/ubicomp2021ap>                                                              |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| type                 |
| -------------------- |
| bibtex:Inproceedings |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?orcid WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370> dblp:orcid ?orcid
}

Yes, Abdel Magid S. Hamouda has an ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4319

Does Abdel Magid S. Hamouda have an ORCID?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Does Abdel Magid S. Hamouda have an ORCID?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Find the entity for "Abdel Magid S. Hamouda" in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Check if there is a property for ORCID associated with this author entity.
3. If so, retrieve the ORCID value.

Step 1: Search for the author entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Abdel Magid S. Hamouda, also known as Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>)
2. Salma Abdel Magid, also known as Salma Abdel Magid (<https://dblp.org/pid/236/5955>)
3. Abdellah Hamouda Sidhoum, also known as Abdellah Hamouda Sidhoum (<https://dblp.org/pid/343/4341>)
4. Shaw Voon Wong and Abdel Magid S...l cutting data selection. (2003) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijcat/WongH03>)
5. Sara S. Hamouda, also known as Sara S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/169/1089>)
6. Sally Hamouda, also known as Sally Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/07/10326>)
7. Abdellatif Hamouda, also known as Abdellatif Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/126/3086>)
8. Abdelhamid S. Abdelhamid, also known as Abdelhamid S. Abdelhamid (<https://dblp.org/pid/45/2755>)
9. Abdella S. Abdelrahman, also known as Abdella S. Abdelrahman (<https://dblp.org/pid/146/8489>)
10. Abdelrahman S. Abdelrahman, also known as Abdelrahman S. Abdelrahman (<https://dblp.org/pid/296/4639>)

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                 | property                                     | object                                  |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Abdel Magid S. Hamouda                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Abdel Magid S. Hamouda                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q82600204                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-4319> |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14711923                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | rdf:type                                     | Creator (dblp:Creator)                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | rdfs:label                                   | Abdel Magid S. Hamouda                  |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | owl:sameAs                                   | wd:Q82600204                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14711924                            |
| Abdel Magid S. Hamouda (<https://dblp.org/pid/79/5370>) | datacite:hasIdentifier                       | _:bn14711925                            |
| ...                                                     | ...                                          | ...                                     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ( MAX( ?year ) AS ?lastYear ) WHERE {
  ?pub dblp:authoredBy <https://dblp.org/pid/21/151> .
  ?pub dblp:yearOfPublication ?year .
}

David P. Chassin published their last paper in 2023.

In which year did David P. Chassin publish their last paper?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In which year did David P. Chassin publish their last paper?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the correct entity for "David P. Chassin" in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Then, we need to find all publications authored by this entity.
3. For those publications, we need to retrieve their years of publication.
4. Finally, we need to find the maximum (latest) year among those.

Let's start by searching for the entity for "David P. Chassin".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. David P. Chassin, also known as David P. Chassin (<https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>)
2. David P. Pancho, also known as David P. Pancho (<https://dblp.org/pid/16/8148>)
3. David P. Paper, also known as David P. Paper (<https://dblp.org/pid/38/2596>)
4. David P. Pappas, also known as David P. Pappas (<https://dblp.org/pid/179/7112>)
5. David P. Parker, also known as David P. Parker (<https://dblp.org/pid/148/5480>)
6. David P. Parsons, also known as David P. Parsons (<https://dblp.org/pid/61/8086>)
7. David P. Pereira, also known as David P. Pereira (<https://dblp.org/pid/56/2360>)
8. David P. Phillips, also known as David P. Phillips (<https://dblp.org/pid/264/7167>)
9. David P. Piñero, also known as David P. Piñero (<https://dblp.org/pid/230/0550>)
10. David P. Pleva, also known as David P. Pleva (<https://dblp.org/pid/41/3901>)

[Assistant]
The top result for "David P. Chassin" is the entity <https://dblp.org/pid/21/151>.

Next, I will find all publications authored by this entity and retrieve their years of publication, then select the latest year.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| lastYear         |
| ---------------- |
| 2023 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT ?wikidata WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich> dblp:wikidata ?wikidata
}

The Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V. is Q7938222.

What is the Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V.?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the Wikidata ID of Kreinovich, V.?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for "Kreinovich, V." in the DBLP knowledge graph.
2. Check if there is a property linking DBLP authors to their Wikidata IDs.
3. Retrieve the Wikidata ID for "Kreinovich, V." if available.

First, I will search for "Kreinovich, V." as an entity in DBLP.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Vladik Kreinovich, also known as Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>)
2. Vladik Kreinovich: Paul Erdös, 1913-1996. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/Kreinovich96c>)
3. Shen Zuhe and Vladik Kreinovich: Preface. (1999) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/ZuheK99>)
4. Günter Mayer and Vladik Kreinovich: Preface. (1996) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/rc/MayerK96>)
5. Vladik Kreinovich: Letters to the editor. (1993) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/nn/Kreinovich93>)
6. Vladik Kreinovich et al.: Robustness in Econometrics (2017) (<https://dblp.org/rec/series/sci/2017-692>)
7. Van-Nam Huynh and Vladik Kreinov...c Uncertainty: Editorial. (2009) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijar/HuynhK09>)
8. Richard A. Aló and Vladik Kreinovich: Editorial. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/jaciii/AloK06>)
9. Vladik Kreinovich: Interval Meth...Knowledge Representation. (2019) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijufks/Kreinovich19d>)
10. Vladik Kreinovich: Interval Meth...Knowledge Representation. (2025) (<https://dblp.org/rec/journals/ijufks/Kreinovich25>)

[Tool]
Got 28 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                       | property                                     | object                                                              |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | creatorname (dblp:creatorName)               | Vladik Kreinovich                                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | primaryCreatorName (dblp:primaryCreatorName) | Vladik Kreinovich                                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | wikidata (dblp:wikidata)                     | wd:Q7938222                                                         |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | affiliation (dblp:affiliation)               | University of Texas at El Paso, ...ent of Computer Science, TX, USA |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | orcid (dblp:orcid)                           | <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1244-1650>                             |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | primaryAffiliation (dblp:primaryAffiliation) | University of Texas at El Paso, ...ent of Computer Science, TX, USA |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | webpage (dblp:webpage)                       | <https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=30656>                         |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | homepage (dblp:homepage)                     | <https://www.cs.utep.edu/vladik/>                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | primaryHomepage (dblp:primaryHomepage)       | <https://www.cs.utep.edu/vladik/>                                   |
| Vladik Kreinovich (<https://dblp.org/pid/k/VladikKreinovich>) | wikipedia (dblp:wikipedia)                   | <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladik_Kreinovich>                   |
| ...                                                           | ...                                          | ...                                                                 |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| wikidata    |
| ----------- |
| wd:Q7938222 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?author WHERE {
  <https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06> dblp:authoredBy ?author
}

The authors who published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006 are Shiva Azadegan and Blair Taylor.

Who are the authors that published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dblp at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dblp with notes:
1. Use dblp:authoredBy to link publications to authors. The inverse (author -> pubs) is not via dblp:author; queries with dblp:author typically return no results.
2. Publication year is dblp:yearOfPublication (xsd:gYear). Avoid dblp:year. For last N years use YEAR(NOW()) in FILTER; use >= for inclusive bounds. Don’t assume current year in prose. MIN/MAX work on gYear; avoid unnecessary casts.
3. Venue is dblp:publishedIn (string like short name) and/or dblp:publishedInStream (entity IRI for series/journal/conference). For simple venue text, use dblp:publishedIn.
4. To list an author’s publications: SELECT ?pub WHERE { ?pub dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }. Then OPTIONAL get dblp:title, dblp:publishedIn, dblp:yearOfPublication.
5. For yes/no authorship checks, use ASK with dblp:authoredBy, e.g., ASK { <pubIRI> dblp:authoredBy <authorIRI> }.
6. Titles are via dblp:title on publication entities. rdfs:label often exists but is less reliable for titles; prefer dblp:title.
7. If dblp:authoredBy on a pub yields a disambiguation author node (e.g., “… (disambiguation)”), treat it as the author IRI to use in joins; it still identifies the creator.
8. Use dblp:createdBy as an alternative to dblp:authoredBy when authoredBy is missing; both link pubs to creators. Prefer authoredBy for authorship semantics.
9. When filtering by venue names, dblp:publishedIn is a short string (e.g., ‘WSC’, ‘ICALT’, ‘Gov. Inf. Q.’). Avoid FILTER on ?pub IRI strings; filter on dblp:publishedIn value.
10. Avoid rdf:type for pubs; rely on authoredBy/title/publishedIn/yearOfPublication. When counting, use COUNT(DISTINCT ?pub). For average per year, take AVG over yearly counts (subquery GROUP BY year); don’t divide by year-span.
11. Avoid using foaf:name/rdfs:label on creators for joins. Creators expose dblp:creatorName/primaryCreatorName and dblp:primaryAffiliation (string). Prefer joins on IRIs; fetch names/affiliations separately. Use SELECT DISTINCT ?author to dedup.
12. When a SELECT returns no rows unexpectedly, check schema via search_property/search_property_of_entity or list the entity. Many failures stem from using wrong props (dblp:author vs dblp:authoredBy).
13. Negations: avoid tautological NOT EXISTS. Prefer ASK { positive pattern } and invert in prose. For “also published in V?”, test other pubs by same authors and exclude the given pub via FILTER(?other != <pubIRI>) together with dblp:publishedIn 'V'.
14. Avoid text search on titles with CONTAINS/LCASE for exact identification; prefer search_entity to get the record IRI, then query structured triples. After search_entity, verify exact title via dblp:title; don’t pick a “closest match” blindly.
15. Be careful with complex ASK + FILTER combinations; QLever may error (CartesianProductJoin assertion). Simplify logic or split into separate queries to avoid engine bugs.
16. For number of authors, prefer dblp:numberOfCreators when available; otherwise COUNT(DISTINCT ?a) over dblp:authoredBy.

General notes for all knowledge graphs:
1. Normalize NL negations to a clear existential query. Prefer ASK { positive pattern }. For negated questions, evaluate the positive fact and invert only in prose. Avoid tautological or heavy NOT EXISTS patterns that can be slow or misleading.
2. For relative time windows (“last N years”), always use YEAR(NOW()) in SPARQL and align inclusive/exclusive bounds with the question phrasing. Do not hardcode current year in answers; base the conclusion strictly on query results.

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
bibtex: <http://purl.org/net/nknouf/ns/bibtex#
cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/
datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/
dblp: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema#
dblps: <https://dblp.org/rdf/schema-2020-07-01#
literal: <http://purl.org/spar/literal/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
terms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who are the authors that published research papers about Information systems in InfoSecCD in the year 2006?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

- We need to find authors who published research papers:
  - about "Information systems"
  - in the venue "InfoSecCD"
  - in the year 2006

Step 1: Identify how "about Information systems" is represented in DBLP. DBLP does not have a subject or keyword property for publications, so unless "Information systems" is in the title or the venue is specifically about Information systems, we may need to filter by title.

Step 2: Find the correct venue string for "InfoSecCD" in dblp:publishedIn.

Step 3: Find publications in InfoSecCD in 2006, with "Information systems" in the title.

Step 4: Get their authors.

First, let's search for the venue "InfoSecCD" to get the exact string used in dblp:publishedIn.

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

Top 10 literal alternatives:
1. InfoSecCD

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool]
Got 182 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | year             |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Brian A. Pashel: Teaching studen... at the university level. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Pashel06>)   | Teaching students to hack: ethic...to hack at the university level. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Michael D. Carroll: Information ...aging the insider threat. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Carroll06>)  | Information security: examining and managing the insider threat.    | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Robin M. Snyder: Combining an e-... cyber-survivor exercise. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Snyder06b>)  | Combining an e-commerce simulation with a cyber-survivor exercise.  | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Robin M. Snyder: Some security a...ation on storage devices. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Snyder06a>)  | Some security alternatives for e... information on storage devices. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Robin M. Snyder: Ethical hacking...lized security exercises. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Snyder06>)   | Ethical hacking and password cra...dividualized security exercises. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                 | ...              |
| Asif Iqbal et al.: Sandboxing: a...igital forensic research. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/IqbalAGP15>) | Sandboxing: aid in digital forensic research.                       | 2015 (xsd:gYear) |
| Lee Epling et al.: Penetration testing in a box. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/EplingHH15>)             | Penetration testing in a box.                                       | 2015 (xsd:gYear) |
| Deborah L. Cooper: Data security: data breaches. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Cooper15>)               | Data security: data breaches.                                       | 2015 (xsd:gYear) |
| Hongmei Chi: Integrate mobile de...to CS security education. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Chi15>)      | Integrate mobile devices into CS security education.                | 2015 (xsd:gYear) |
| Sherly Abraham and Lifang Shih: ... cybersecurity education. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/AbrahamS15>) | Towards an integrative learning ...oach in cybersecurity education. | 2015 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool]
Got 182 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Asif Iqbal et al.: The Study of ...orensics in UAE Academia. (2013) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/0003OSG13>)     | The Study of the Interrelation b...gital Forensics in UAE Academia. |
| Sherly Abraham and Lifang Shih: ... cybersecurity education. (2015) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/AbrahamS15>)    | Towards an integrative learning ...oach in cybersecurity education. |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Knowledge f...ormation assurance track. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani06>)  | Knowledge flow with information assurance track.                    |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Assessment ...curity awareness program. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani06a>) | Assessment of need and method of...tion security awareness program. |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Education o...d trusted level security. (2007) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani07>)  | Education organization baseline ...tion and trusted level security. |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                 |
| Maynard Yates II: Practical inve...tools for mobile devices. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Yates10>)       | Practical investigations of digi...ensics tools for mobile devices. |
| Charles Yates et al.: An investi... iPod Touch generation 2. (2011) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/YatesRY11>)     | An investigation into iPod Touch generation 2.                      |
| Ray Yeager: Criminal computer forensics management. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Yeager06>)               | Criminal computer forensics management.                             |
| Xiaohong Yuan et al.: Case studi...rity and security policy. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/YuanMXY10>)     | Case studies for teaching physical security and security policy.    |
| Humayun Zafar: A primer on carry...agement based case study. (2010) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Zafar10>)       | A primer on carrying out a succe...isk management based case study. |

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool]
Got 39 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               | year             |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Knowledge f...ormation assurance track. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani06>)      | Knowledge flow with information assurance track.                    | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Wasim A. Al-Hamdani: Assessment ...curity awareness program. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Al-Hamdani06a>)     | Assessment of need and method of...tion security awareness program. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Tammy Alexander: Domain name reg...omain name fraud problem? (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Alexander06>)       | Domain name registrars: are they...f the domain name fraud problem? | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Thomas Baxley et al.: LAN attacker: a visual education tool. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/BaxleyXYZYB06>)     | LAN attacker: a visual education tool.                              | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| John C. Beachboard et al.: A ten...n open development model. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/BeachboardCMHAM06>) | A tentative proposal: improving ...on of an open development model. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                 | ...              |
| Douglas P. Twitchell: Social eng...tion assurance curricula. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Twitchell06>)       | Social engineering in information assurance curricula.              | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Peter Phuong Vo and Chau Maggie ... and shifting operations. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/VoV06>)             | FMS and FMSE encryption/decrypti...apping, and shifting operations. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| James Walden and Charles E. Fran...neering teaching modules. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/WaldenF06>)         | Secure software engineering teaching modules.                       | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Michael E. Whitman and Herbert J... NSF grant # DUE-0516192. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/WhitmanM06>)        | Developing the BS-ISA: lessons l...ored by NSF grant # DUE-0516192. | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |
| Ray Yeager: Criminal computer forensics management. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/Yeager06>)                   | Criminal computer forensics management.                             | 2006 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| pub                                                                                | title                                                               |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | Threading secure coding principl... information systems curriculum. |

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                                   | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | hasSignature (dblp:hasSignature)           | _:bn8579250                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | createdBy (dblp:createdBy)                 | Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>)                                                                 |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy)               | Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>)                                                                 |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | publishedInStream (dblp:publishedInStream) | Annual Conference on Information...rriculum Development (InfoSecCD) (<https://dblp.org/streams/conf/infoseccd>) |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | documentPage (dblp:documentPage)           | <https://doi.org/10.1145/1231047.1231053>                                                                       |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | bibtexType (dblp:bibtexType)               | bibtex:Inproceedings                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | numberOfCreators (dblp:numberOfCreators)   | 2 (xsd:int)                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | title (dblp:title)                         | Threading secure coding principl... information systems curriculum.                                             |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | yearOfPublication (dblp:yearOfPublication) | 2006 (xsd:gYear)                                                                                |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | listedOnTocPage (dblp:listedOnTocPage)     | <https://dblp.org/db/conf/infoseccd/infoseccd2006>                                                              |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                        | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                                                                | property                     | object                                          |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Shiva Azadegan (<https://dblp.org/pid/06/2514>) |
| Blair Taylor and Shiva Azadegan:...ation systems curriculum. (2006) (<https://dblp.org/rec/conf/infoseccd/TaylorA06>) | authoredBy (dblp:authoredBy) | Blair Taylor (<https://dblp.org/pid/96/828>)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process