PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
PREFIX dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
SELECT ?foundingYear WHERE {
  dbr:De_Beers dbo:foundingYear ?foundingYear
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| foundingYear     |
| ---------------- |
| 1888 (xsd:gYear) |

The De Beers company was founded in 1888.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dbpedia at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dbpedia

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/
dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/
dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
purl: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the De Beers company founded?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "De Beers company".
2. The property we are interested in is the founding date.

First, I will search for the "De Beers" entity in DBpedia to find its exact IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. De Beers (dbr:De_Beers)
2. De Beers (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:De_Beers>)
3. De beers (dbr:De_beers)
4. De Beers Stadium (dbr:De_Beers_Stadium): The De Beers Stadium in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa w...bone Cricket Club (MCC), the Australians and the New Zealanders.
5. De Beers people (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:De_Beers_people>)
6. De Beers diamond (dbr:De_Beers_diamond)
7. De Beers Pass (dbr:De_Beers_Pass)
8. De Beers LV (dbr:De_Beers_LV)
9. De Beers corporation (dbr:De_Beers_corporation)
10. De Beers Group (dbr:De_Beers_Group)

[Assistant]
The most likely correct entity for the De Beers company is dbr:De_Beers.

Next, I need to find the property related to the founding date for this entity. Common properties for founding date in DBpedia are dbo:foundingDate or dbp:foundation. I will check which properties related to founding or foundation are present for dbr:De_Beers.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. name (dbp:name)
2. image caption (dbp:imageCaption)
3. product (dbo:product): organisation
4. has abstract (dbo:abstract): Reserved for DBpedia., rdf:langString
5. logo (dbp:logo)
6. founded by (dbo:foundedBy): Identifies the founder of the described entity. This can be a person or a organisation for instance., agent
7. location city (dbp:locationCity)
8. founder (dbp:founder)
9. location country (dbp:locationCountry)
10. products (dbp:products)

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. name (dbp:name)
2. location city (dbp:locationCity)
3. product (dbo:product): organisation
4. location country (dbp:locationCountry)
5. image caption (dbp:imageCaption)
6. logo (dbp:logo)
7. has abstract (dbo:abstract): Reserved for DBpedia., rdf:langString
8. revenue ($) (dbo:revenue): organisation, xsd:double
9. founding year (dbo:foundingYear): xsd:gYear
10. revenue (dbp:revenue)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 202 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                 | property                                                            | object                                                                   |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | has abstract (dbo:abstract)                                         | De Beers (англ. «Де Бирс») — меж...ан: «Бриллианты — это навсегда». (ru) |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | Wikipage page ID (dbo:wikiPageID)                                   | 53713 (xsd:int)                                                          |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | Wikipage revision ID (dbo:wikiPageRevisionID)                       | 1122828432 (xsd:int)                                                     |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | page length (characters) of wiki page (dbo:wikiPageLength)          | 58914 (xsd:int)                                                          |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | Link from a Wikipage to an external page (dbo:wikiPageExternalLink) | <http://www.edwardjayepstein.com/diamond/prologue.htm%7Ctitle=The>       |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | name (dbp:name)                                                     | De Beers Group (en)                                                      |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | image caption (dbp:imageCaption)                                    | DeBeers store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California (en)           |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | logo (dbp:logo)                                                     | De Beers.svg (en)                                                        |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | founding year (dbo:foundingYear)                                    | 1888 (xsd:gYear)                                                         |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | industry (dbp:industry)                                             | Diamond industry (dbr:Diamond_industry)                                  |
| ...                     | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                      |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                 | property                         | object           |
| ----------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| De Beers (dbr:De_Beers) | founding year (dbo:foundingYear) | 1888 (xsd:gYear) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The output is correct and complete. The SPARQL query directly retrieves the founding year of De Beers using the appropriate property (dbo:foundingYear) and entity (dbr:De_Beers). The answer matches the query result, and the query follows all the required rules.


PREFIX dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?element ?label WHERE {
  ?element dc:subject <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chemical_elements> .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?element rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( lang( ?label ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 124 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| element                   | label          |
| ------------------------- | -------------- |
| Actinium (dbr:Actinium)   | Actinium (en)  |
| Aluminium (dbr:Aluminium) | Aluminium (en) |
| Americium (dbr:Americium) | Americium (en) |
| Antimony (dbr:Antimony)   | Antimony (en)  |
| Argon (dbr:Argon)         | Argon (en)     |
| ...                       | ...            |
| Xenon (dbr:Xenon)         | Xenon (en)     |
| Ytterbium (dbr:Ytterbium) | Ytterbium (en) |
| Yttrium (dbr:Yttrium)     | Yttrium (en)   |
| Zinc (dbr:Zinc)           | Zinc (en)      |
| Zirconium (dbr:Zirconium) | Zirconium (en) |

All chemical elements in DBpedia can be found as entities with the subject Category:Chemical_elements. The query returns their IRIs and English labels.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dbpedia at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dbpedia

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/
dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/
dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
purl: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Give me all chemical elements.

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the entity representing "chemical element" in DBpedia and then find all entities that are instances of this class.

Step 1: Search for the entity "chemical element" in DBpedia.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element): In chemistry, an element is a pure substance consisting only of ...atoms with the same atomic number are atoms of the same element.
2. chemical element (dbo:ChemicalElement)
3. Chemical Element (dbr:Chemical_Element)
4. Chemical elements (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chemical_elements>)
5. Chemical element unknown (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chemical_element_unknown>)
6. Cheapest chemical element (dbr:Cheapest_chemical_element)
7. Chemical elements (dbr:Chemical_elements)
8. Symbol (chemical element) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Symbol_(chemical_element)>)
9. Chemical element list (dbr:Chemical_element_list)
10. Chemical Elements (dbr:Chemical_Elements)

[Assistant]
The most relevant class for "chemical element" in DBpedia appears to be dbo:ChemicalElement. To get all chemical elements, I should query for all entities that are instances of dbo:ChemicalElement.

Step 2: Write a SPARQL query to select all entities of type dbo:ChemicalElement, and optionally get their labels.

Let's proceed with this query.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that querying for instances of dbo:ChemicalElement did not return any results. This could be due to the way DBpedia structures its data, possibly using a different class or property for chemical elements.

Step 3: Let's check what properties are used for the entity dbr:Chemical_element, which is the main article about chemical elements, to see if it links to a category or class containing all chemical elements.

I'll list the properties of dbr:Chemical_element to investigate further.

[Tool]
Got 233 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                 | property                                                            | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | has abstract (dbo:abstract)                                         | Chemický prvek je látka skládají...se stejným protonovým číslem Z). (cs)                  |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | Wikipage page ID (dbo:wikiPageID)                                   | 5659 (xsd:int)                                                                            |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | Wikipage revision ID (dbo:wikiPageRevisionID)                       | 1122170355 (xsd:int)                                                                      |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | page length (characters) of wiki page (dbo:wikiPageLength)          | 69386 (xsd:int)                                                                           |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | Link from a Wikipage to an external page (dbo:wikiPageExternalLink) | <http://periodicvideos.com/>                                                              |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | dc:subject                                                          | Chemical elements (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chemical_elements>)              |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | rdfs:seeAlso                                                        | Timeline of chemical elements discoveries (dbr:Timeline_of_chemical_elements_discoveries) |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate                                            | <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Anchor>                                             |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | dc:isPartOf                                                         | <http://zbw.eu/stw/mapping/dbpedia/target>                                                |
| Chemical element (dbr:Chemical_element) | rdf:type                                                            | <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/Abstraction100002137>                                      |
| ...                                     | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
From the properties of dbr:Chemical_element, I see that it is associated with the category "Chemical elements" via dc:subject and the object <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chemical_elements>.

Step 4: Let's explore what entities are in the category "Chemical elements" by querying for all entities with dc:subject <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Chemical_elements>.

I'll write a query to get all entities in this category, along with their labels.

[Tool]
Got 124 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| element                   | label          |
| ------------------------- | -------------- |
| Actinium (dbr:Actinium)   | Actinium (en)  |
| Aluminium (dbr:Aluminium) | Aluminium (en) |
| Americium (dbr:Americium) | Americium (en) |
| Antimony (dbr:Antimony)   | Antimony (en)  |
| Argon (dbr:Argon)         | Argon (en)     |
| ...                       | ...            |
| Xenon (dbr:Xenon)         | Xenon (en)     |
| Ytterbium (dbr:Ytterbium) | Ytterbium (en) |
| Yttrium (dbr:Yttrium)     | Yttrium (en)   |
| Zinc (dbr:Zinc)           | Zinc (en)      |
| Zirconium (dbr:Zirconium) | Zirconium (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all chemical elements by selecting entities with the subject Category:Chemical_elements. It returns their IRIs and optionally their English labels, following best practices for optional human-readable information. The query is complete and meets the requirements of the user's question.


PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?label WHERE {
  ?country dbo:currency dbr:Euro .
  ?country rdf:type dbo:Country .
  ?country rdfs:label ?label
  FILTER ( lang( ?label ) = 'en' ) .
  FILTER ( ! CONTAINS( LCASE( ?label ) , "region" ) && ! CONTAINS( LCASE( ?label ) , "mission" ) && ! CONTAINS( LCASE( ?label ) , "administered" ) )
}

Got 55 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                   | label                          |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Adélie Land (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Adélie_Land>)   | Adélie Land (en)               |
| Andorra (dbr:Andorra)                                     | Andorra (en)                   |
| Austria (dbr:Austria)                                     | Austria (en)                   |
| Belgium (dbr:Belgium)                                     | Belgium (en)                   |
| Benelux (dbr:Benelux)                                     | Benelux (en)                   |
| ...                                                       | ...                            |
| Third Portuguese Republic (dbr:Third_Portuguese_Republic) | Third Portuguese Republic (en) |
| Tromelin Island (dbr:Tromelin_Island)                     | Tromelin Island (en)           |
| Twente (dbr:Twente)                                       | Twente (en)                    |
| Tyrol (dbr:Tyrol)                                         | Tyrol (en)                     |
| Vatican City (dbr:Vatican_City)                           | Vatican City (en)              |

Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the query and explanation as follows:

1. I will ensure that only entities explicitly typed as dbo:Country are included, which should exclude most regions, administrative missions, and non-country entities.
2. I will add a filter to exclude entities whose English labels contain terms like 'region', 'mission', or 'administered', which are unlikely to be sovereign countries.
3. I will clarify in the answer that, while this approach improves precision, some non-EU countries that use the Euro will still be present, and users should manually cross-check the results for EU membership.

Here is the refined SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?label WHERE {
  ?country dbo:currency dbr:Euro .
  ?country rdf:type dbo:Country .
  ?country rdfs:label ?label FILTER (lang(?label) = 'en') .
  FILTER (
    !CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "region") &&
    !CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "mission") &&
    !CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "administered")
  )
}
```

Answer:
This query retrieves all entities typed as countries in DBpedia that use the Euro as their currency, and excludes those whose labels contain terms like 'region', 'mission', or 'administered'. This should remove most non-country entities. However, due to limitations in DBpedia, some non-EU countries (such as Andorra, Kosovo, and Vatican City) may still appear in the results. You should manually cross-check the returned countries against an up-to-date list of EU member states to determine which are both EU members and have adopted the Euro.

Would you like to see the actual list of countries returned by this query?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dbpedia at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dbpedia

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/
dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/
dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
purl: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which countries in the European Union adopted the Euro?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify countries that are members of the European Union (EU).
2. Among those, we want to find which ones have adopted the Euro as their currency.

First, I will search for the entity representing the "European Union" in DBpedia. Then, I will look for properties that relate to EU membership and currency adoption.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. European Union (dbr:European_Union): The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 ... only those matters, where the states have agreed to act as one.
2. European Union (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:European_Union>)
3. EUROPEAN UNION (dbr:EUROPEAN_UNION)
4. European union (dbr:European_union)
5. Western European Union (dbr:Western_European_Union): The Western European Union (WEU; French: Union de l'Europe occid...y of Brussels. The WEU implemented the Modified Brussels Treaty.
6. European Broadcasting Union (dbr:European_Broadcasting_Union): The European Broadcasting Union (EBU; French: Union européenne d...ies. It is best known for producing the Eurovision Song Contest.
7. European Union law (dbr:European_Union_law): European Union law is a system of rules operating within the mem...ion states for the purpose of cooperation and human development.
8. European Union Customs Union (dbr:European_Union_Customs_Union): The European Union Customs Union (EUCU) is a customs union which...stoms union, usually as a result of their geographic separation.
9. European Union citizenship (dbr:European_Union_citizenship)
10. Directive (European Union) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Directive_(European_Union)>)

[Assistant]
The main entity for the European Union is dbr:European_Union.

Next, I need to find properties that relate to EU membership for countries. I'll search for properties related to "member" or "membership" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. membership (dbo:membership): rdf:langString, organisation
2. membership (dbp:membership)
3. name (dbp:name)
4. s (dbp:s)
5. left (dbp:left)
6. title (dbp:title)
7. event (dbo:event): event
8. image (dbp:image)
9. type (dbo:type)
10. color (dbp:color)

No other items found

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. name (dbp:name)
2. s (dbp:s)
3. language (dbo:language): Use dc:language for literal, language for object, language
4. caption (dbp:caption)
5. image (dbp:image)
6. currency (dbo:currency): currency
7. currency (dbp:currency)
8. left (dbp:left)
9. house (dbo:house): legislature
10. n (dbp:n)

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Euro (dbr:Euro): The euro (symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 o...or euro area and includes about 343 million citizens as of 2019.
2. Euro- (dbr:Euro-): Euro- is a prefix usually meaning "European", often applied in r...pean Union. It may also refer to the unit of currency, the euro.
3. Euro (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Euro>)
4. 💶 (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/💶>)
5. EURO (dbr:EURO)
6. European euro (dbr:European_euro)
7. European Euro (dbr:European_Euro)
8. euro (dbp:euro)
9. euro (<http://dbpedia.org/datatype/euro>)
10. Eurozone (dbr:Eurozone): The eurozone, officially called the euro area, is a monetary uni...ender. The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency (dbo:currency): currency
2. currency (dbp:currency)
3. currency name (dbp:currencyName)
4. replaced by currency (dbp:replacedByCurrency)
5. euro (dbp:euro)
6. currency code (dbo:currencyCode): ISO 4217 currency designators., xsd:string, place
7. currency code (dbp:currencyCode)
8. replaced currency (dbp:replacedCurrency)
9. Exchange rate (dbp:exchangeRate)
10. currency iso (dbp:currencyIso)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Euro (dbr:Euro): The euro (symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 o...or euro area and includes about 343 million citizens as of 2019.
2. Eurozone (dbr:Eurozone): The eurozone, officially called the euro area, is a monetary uni...ender. The monetary authority of the eurozone is the Eurosystem.
3. European Currency Unit (dbr:European_Currency_Unit): The European Currency Unit (French: Unité de compte européenne, ... operation on 13 March 1979, and was assigned the ISO 4217 code.
4. European Unit of Account (dbr:European_Unit_of_Account): The European Unit of Account (EUA) was a unit of account most no...The EUA was defined as 0.888671 grams of gold, or one US dollar.

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. European Currency Unit (dbr:European_Currency_Unit): The European Currency Unit (French: Unité de compte européenne, ... operation on 13 March 1979, and was assigned the ISO 4217 code.
2. European Unit of Account (dbr:European_Unit_of_Account): The European Unit of Account (EUA) was a unit of account most no...The EUA was defined as 0.888671 grams of gold, or one US dollar.

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. EU member (dbp:euMember)
2. country represented (dbp:countryRepresented)
3. Country represent (dbp:countryRepresent)
4. Nations participating (dbp:nationsParticipating)
5. memberstate (dbp:memberstate)
6. Country of Affiliation (dbp:countryOfAffiliation)
7. countries (dbp:countries)
8. Member Association (dbp:memberAssociation)
9. by country (dbp:byCountry)
10. country name (dbp:countryName)

[Tool]
Got 22 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                 | object   |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------- |
| Colorado–Slovenia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Colorado–Slovenia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                               | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| California–Ukraine National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/California–Ukraine_National_Guard_Partnership>)                             | EU member (dbp:euMember) | No (en)  |
| Texas, Nebraska – Czech Republic National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Texas,_Nebraska_–_Czech_Republic_National_Guard_Partnership>) | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Alabama–Romania National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alabama–Romania_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Indiana–Slovakia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Indiana–Slovakia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                 | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Maryland–Estonia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Maryland–Estonia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                 | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Michigan–Latvia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Michigan–Latvia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Ohio–Hungary National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ohio–Hungary_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                         | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Georgia–Georgia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Georgia–Georgia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | No (en)  |
| Illinois–Poland National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Illinois–Poland_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                      | ...      |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. EU member (dbp:euMember)
2. EU- (dbp:eu)
3. non-EU- (dbp:nonEu)
4. European affiliation (dbp:europeanAffiliation)
5. european affiliation (dbo:europeanAffiliation): political party
6. european (dbp:european)
7. EU year (dbp:euYear)
8. new EU area (dbp:newEuArea)
9. Europe (dbp:europe)
10. legal EU (dbp:legalEu)

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Country. (dbp:country.)
2. country (dbp:country)
3. country (dbo:country): The country where the thing is located., country
4. Country represent (dbp:countryRepresent)
5. the country (dbp:theCountry)
6. by country (dbp:byCountry)
7. country represented (dbp:countryRepresented)
8. location country (dbp:locationCountry)
9. country name (dbp:countryName)
10. country XD (dbp:countryXd)

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Adélie Land (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Adélie_Land>)                                                               |
| Andorra (dbr:Andorra)                                                                                |
| Austria (dbr:Austria)                                                                                |
| Basque Country (greater region) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basque_Country_(greater_region)>)                       |
| Belgium (dbr:Belgium)                                                                                |
| ...                                                                                |
| Twente (dbr:Twente)                                                                                |
| Tyrol (dbr:Tyrol)                                                                                |
| United Nations Administered Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Administered_Kosovo)                                           |
| United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo) |
| Vatican City (dbr:Vatican_City)                                                                                |

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. is part of (dbo:isPartOf)
2. part of (dbp:partOf)
3. partof (dbp:partof)
4. part of the (dbp:partOfThe)
5. partofthe (dbp:partofthe)
6. as part of (dbp:asPartOf)
7. part (dbo:part)
8. part (dbp:part)
9. formerly part of (dbp:formerlyPartOf)
10. member of (dbp:memberOf)

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. EU member (dbp:euMember)
2. EU- (dbp:eu)
3. European affiliation (dbp:europeanAffiliation)
4. european affiliation (dbo:europeanAffiliation): political party
5. EU year (dbp:euYear)
6. Europe (dbp:europe)
7. new EU area (dbp:newEuArea)
8. THE Europe (dbp:theEurope)
9. membership (dbo:membership): rdf:langString, organisation
10. membership (dbp:membership)

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                                                |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Adélie Land (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Adélie_Land>)                                                               |
| Andorra (dbr:Andorra)                                                                                |
| Austria (dbr:Austria)                                                                                |
| Basque Country (greater region) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basque_Country_(greater_region)>)                       |
| Belgium (dbr:Belgium)                                                                                |
| ...                                                                                |
| Twente (dbr:Twente)                                                                                |
| Tyrol (dbr:Tyrol)                                                                                |
| United Nations Administered Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Administered_Kosovo)                                           |
| United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo) |
| Vatican City (dbr:Vatican_City)                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                                                | label                                                        |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Adélie Land (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Adélie_Land>)                                                               | Adélie Land (en)                                             |
| Andorra (dbr:Andorra)                                                                                | Andorra (en)                                                 |
| Austria (dbr:Austria)                                                                                | Austria (en)                                                 |
| Basque Country (greater region) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basque_Country_(greater_region)>)                       | Basque Country (greater region) (en)                         |
| Belgium (dbr:Belgium)                                                                                | Belgium (en)                                                 |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                          |
| Twente (dbr:Twente)                                                                                | Twente (en)                                                  |
| Tyrol (dbr:Tyrol)                                                                                | Tyrol (en)                                                   |
| United Nations Administered Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Administered_Kosovo)                                           | United Nations Administered Kosovo (en)                      |
| United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo) | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (en) |
| Vatican City (dbr:Vatican_City)                                                                                | Vatican City (en)                                            |

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Invalid SPARQL query: Built-in function "notexists{?countrydbp:eumember?ismember.filter(lcase(str(?ismember))="no")}"  not yet implemented; if you need it, just add it to SparqlQleverVisitor.cpp::visitTypesafe(Parser::BuiltInCallContext following the already implemented functions there

[Assistant]
The DBpedia dataset does not cleanly distinguish EU member countries that use the Euro from other countries that use the Euro (like Andorra, Kosovo, etc.) using a single, reliable property. However, we can still get a list of all countries that use the Euro as their currency, and from that, you can identify the EU members.

Here is a SPARQL query that retrieves all countries that use the Euro as their currency, along with their labels. You can cross-reference this with the list of EU member states for further filtering if needed:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?label WHERE {
  ?country dbo:currency dbr:Euro .
  ?country rdf:type dbo:Country .
  ?country rdfs:label ?label FILTER (lang(?label) = 'en')
}
```

This will give you all countries in DBpedia that use the Euro. Some of these (like Andorra, Kosovo, Vatican City) are not EU members, but the main EU countries that have adopted the Euro will be included in the results.

Answer: The query above returns all countries that use the Euro as their currency. To get only EU members, you may need to cross-reference with an external list of EU member states, as DBpedia does not consistently encode EU membership for countries.

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The current SPARQL query correctly retrieves all countries that use the Euro as their currency, but it does not filter for European Union (EU) member states. The user's question specifically asks for countries in the EU that have adopted the Euro. DBpedia does have properties such as dbo:memberOf or dbo:membership that can sometimes be used to identify EU membership (e.g., dbr:European_Union), though coverage may be inconsistent. The query should be refined to include only those countries that are both EU members and use the Euro. If the relevant properties are not available or are incomplete, this limitation should be explicitly stated, but an attempt to filter for EU membership should still be made in the SPARQL query.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I agree: the query should attempt to filter for EU membership using available properties, even if coverage is incomplete.

Step-by-step plan:
1. Identify properties that relate a country to EU membership, such as dbo:memberOf, dbo:membership, or similar.
2. Attempt to use these properties to filter countries that are both EU members and use the Euro.
3. If coverage is incomplete, note this limitation.

First, I will check how dbo:memberOf and dbo:membership are used for countries and the European Union.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 7,147 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                     | property                    | object                                                   |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| Palestine (region) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Palestine_(region)>)       | membership (dbo:membership) | (historically) (en)                                      |
| United Kingdom (dbr:United_Kingdom)                                         | membership (dbo:membership) | England (en)                                             |
| European Union (dbr:European_Union)                                         | membership (dbo:membership) | 27 members (en)                                          |
| Kingdom of the Netherlands (dbr:Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)                 | membership (dbo:membership) | Aruba (en)                                               |
| Scandinavia (dbr:Scandinavia)                                               | membership (dbo:membership) | Nordic territoriesthat are not part of Scandinavia: (en) |
| International Atomic Energy Agency (dbr:International_Atomic_Energy_Agency) | membership (dbo:membership) | 175 Member States (en)                                   |
| Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (dbr:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation)   | membership (dbo:membership) | Dialogue partners (en)                                   |
| International Monetary Fund (dbr:International_Monetary_Fund)               | membership (dbo:membership) | 190 (en)                                                 |
| Commonwealth of Nations (dbr:Commonwealth_of_Nations)                       | membership (dbo:membership) |  (en)                                                    |
| Eurasian Economic Union (dbr:Eurasian_Economic_Union)                       | membership (dbo:membership) | Full members: (en)                                       |
| ...                                                                         | ...                         | ...                                                      |

[Tool]
Got 22 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                 | object   |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------- |
| Colorado–Slovenia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Colorado–Slovenia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                               | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| California–Ukraine National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/California–Ukraine_National_Guard_Partnership>)                             | EU member (dbp:euMember) | No (en)  |
| Texas, Nebraska – Czech Republic National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Texas,_Nebraska_–_Czech_Republic_National_Guard_Partnership>) | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Alabama–Romania National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alabama–Romania_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Indiana–Slovakia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Indiana–Slovakia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                 | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Maryland–Estonia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Maryland–Estonia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                 | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Michigan–Latvia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Michigan–Latvia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Ohio–Hungary National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ohio–Hungary_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                         | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| Georgia–Georgia National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Georgia–Georgia_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | No (en)  |
| Illinois–Poland National Guard Partnership (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Illinois–Poland_National_Guard_Partnership>)                                   | EU member (dbp:euMember) | Yes (en) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                      | ...      |

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                       | property                | object          |
| --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | --------------- |
| Vatican City (dbr:Vatican_City)               | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Germany (dbr:Germany)                         | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Lithuania (dbr:Lithuania)                     | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Austria (dbr:Austria)                         | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Slovenia (dbr:Slovenia)                       | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| France (dbr:France)                           | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Portugal (dbr:Portugal)                       | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Slovakia (dbr:Slovakia)                       | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Republic of Ireland (dbr:Republic_of_Ireland) | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Finland (dbr:Finland)                         | currency (dbo:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| ...                                           | ...                     | ...             |

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 93 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                                | property                | object          |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | --------------- |
| Netherlands (dbr:Netherlands)                                                                   | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Basque Country (greater region) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basque_Country_(greater_region)>) | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Madeira (dbr:Madeira)                                                                           | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon (dbr:Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon)                                       | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Kerguelen Islands (dbr:Kerguelen_Islands)                                                       | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Collectivity of Saint Martin (dbr:Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin)                                 | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Azores (dbr:Azores)                                                                             | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Saint Barthélemy (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Saint_Barthélemy>)                               | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Tromelin Island (dbr:Tromelin_Island)                                                           | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| Deutsche Mark (dbr:Deutsche_Mark)                                                               | currency (dbp:currency) | Euro (dbr:Euro) |
| ...                                                                                | ...                     | ...             |

[Tool]
Got 23 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                                                | label                                                        |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Adélie Land (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Adélie_Land>)                                                               | Adélie Land (en)                                             |
| Basque Country (greater region) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basque_Country_(greater_region)>)                       | Basque Country (greater region) (en)                         |
| Benelux (dbr:Benelux)                                                                                | Benelux (en)                                                 |
| Collectivity of Saint Martin (dbr:Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin)                                                       | Collectivity of Saint Martin (en)                            |
| Economy of Germany (dbr:Economy_of_Germany)                                                                           | Economy of Germany (en)                                      |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                          |
| Tromelin Island (dbr:Tromelin_Island)                                                                                | Tromelin Island (en)                                         |
| Twente (dbr:Twente)                                                                                | Twente (en)                                                  |
| Tyrol (dbr:Tyrol)                                                                                | Tyrol (en)                                                   |
| United Nations Administered Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Administered_Kosovo)                                           | United Nations Administered Kosovo (en)                      |
| United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (dbr:United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo) | United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (en) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
Despite multiple attempts using properties such as dbo:membership, dbo:memberOf, dbp:euMember, and dbp:europeanAffiliation, DBpedia does not consistently encode EU membership for countries in a way that can be reliably queried alongside Euro adoption. The available data allows us to retrieve countries that use the Euro, but not to filter those that are EU members with a SPARQL-only solution.

Here is the best possible query, which retrieves all countries that use the Euro as their currency. However, you should be aware that some non-EU countries (like Andorra, Kosovo, Vatican City, etc.) will also appear in the results. Filtering for EU membership is not possible with the current DBpedia data structure.

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?label WHERE {
  ?country dbo:currency dbr:Euro .
  ?country rdf:type dbo:Country .
  ?country rdfs:label ?label FILTER (lang(?label) = 'en')
}
```

Answer: This query returns all countries using the Euro as their currency. Due to limitations in DBpedia, it is not possible to filter for EU membership in a reliable way using SPARQL alone. Some non-EU countries will be included in the results.

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query correctly retrieves all countries (and some regions/entities) that use the Euro, but it does not filter for EU membership, which is a key part of the user's question. The explanation is accurate in stating the limitations of DBpedia regarding reliable EU membership data. However, the query could be refined to at least exclude obvious non-country entities (like regions or administrative missions) by ensuring that only instances of dbo:Country are included, and possibly by filtering out entities with names containing terms like 'region', 'mission', or 'administered'. Additionally, the answer should clearly highlight which results are likely to be EU members and which are not, or suggest that the user manually cross-checks the results. Overall, the output is sensible but could be improved for clarity and precision.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the query and explanation as follows:

1. I will ensure that only entities explicitly typed as dbo:Country are included, which should exclude most regions, administrative missions, and non-country entities.
2. I will add a filter to exclude entities whose English labels contain terms like 'region', 'mission', or 'administered', which are unlikely to be sovereign countries.
3. I will clarify in the answer that, while this approach improves precision, some non-EU countries that use the Euro will still be present, and users should manually cross-check the results for EU membership.

Here is the refined SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?label WHERE {
  ?country dbo:currency dbr:Euro .
  ?country rdf:type dbo:Country .
  ?country rdfs:label ?label FILTER (lang(?label) = 'en') .
  FILTER (
    !CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "region") &&
    !CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "mission") &&
    !CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "administered")
  )
}
```

Answer:
This query retrieves all entities typed as countries in DBpedia that use the Euro as their currency, and excludes those whose labels contain terms like 'region', 'mission', or 'administered'. This should remove most non-country entities. However, due to limitations in DBpedia, some non-EU countries (such as Andorra, Kosovo, and Vatican City) may still appear in the results. You should manually cross-check the returned countries against an up-to-date list of EU member states to determine which are both EU members and have adopted the Euro.

Would you like to see the actual list of countries returned by this query?


PREFIX dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
SELECT ?mayor ?mayorLabel WHERE {
  dbr:Berlin dbp:leaderName ?mayor .
  FILTER ( isIRI( ?mayor ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?mayor rdfs:label ?mayorLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?mayorLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| mayor                                   | mayorLabel            |
| --------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Franziska Giffey (dbr:Franziska_Giffey) | Franziska Giffey (en) |

According to DBpedia, the current mayor (Governing Mayor) of Berlin is Franziska Giffey (dbr:Franziska_Giffey). This uses the dbp:leaderName property, as no dbo:mayor or dbo:leader property is present for Berlin.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dbpedia at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dbpedia

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/
dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/
dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
purl: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who is the mayor of Berlin?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Berlin".
2. The property is "mayor" (we need to find the property that links a city to its mayor).

First, I will search for the entity "Berlin" in DBpedia to get its IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Berlin (dbr:Berlin): Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area a...s the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr.
2. Terri Nunn, also known as Berlin (dbr:Terri_Nunn)
3. Berlin, Berlin (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin,_Berlin>): Berlin, Berlin is a television series produced for the ARD. It a... Das Erste. The show won both national and international awards.
4. .berlin (dbr:.berlin): .berlin (dotBERLIN) is an approved top level domain (TLD) for th...berlin and other new TLDs fall into the new category of GeoTLDs.
5. Berlin (Money Heist), also known as Berlin (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin_(Money_Heist)>): Berlin (Andrés de Fonollosa) is a fictional character in the Net...ewel thief, he is the Professor's second-in-command and brother.
6. Berlín (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlín>)
7. Berlin (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Berlin>)
8. Berlin Berlin (dbr:Berlin_Berlin)
9. Berlin+ (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Berlin+>)
10. West Berlin (dbr:West_Berlin): West Berlin (German: Berlin (West) or West-Berlin) was a politic...t Berlin", 1949 is widely accepted as when the name was adopted.

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Berlin, the capital of Germany, is dbr:Berlin.

Next, I need to find the property that links a city to its mayor. I will search for properties related to "mayor" in DBpedia.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. mayor (dbo:mayor): mayor
2. mayor (dbp:mayor)
3. city mayor (dbp:cityMayor)
4. government mayor (dbp:governmentMayor)
5. image mayor (dbp:imageMayor)
6. mayor name (dbp:mayorName)
7. mayor asof (dbp:mayorAsof)
8. mayor as of (dbp:mayorAsOf)
9. mayor title (dbp:mayorTitle)
10. mayor office (dbp:mayorOffice)

[Assistant]
The most likely property to use is dbo:mayor, which is the ontology property for mayor.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the mayor of dbr:Berlin using dbo:mayor. I will also try to get the label of the mayor for readability, but the IRI will be the main result.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the dbo:mayor property does not have a value for dbr:Berlin in DBpedia, or it is not populated. To be thorough, I will also check the dbp:mayor property, which is a property from the infobox data and sometimes used when the ontology property is missing.

Let me try querying with dbp:mayor.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The dbp:mayor property also does not return any results for dbr:Berlin. Sometimes, the mayor's information might be stored under a different property or structure, such as a "leader" property or as part of a government office.

I will now search for properties related to "leader" for dbr:Berlin to see if the mayor is stored under a different property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. leader title (dbp:leaderTitle)
2. leader name (dbp:leaderName)
3. leader party (dbp:leaderParty)
4. political leader (dbo:politicalLeader): person function, place
5. name (dbp:name)
6. governing body (dbo:governingBody): Body that owns/operates the Place., organisation, place
7. governing body (dbp:governingBody)
8. country (dbo:country): The country where the thing is located., country
9. source  (dbp:source)
10. footer (dbp:footer)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| leaderName                              |
| --------------------------------------- |
| 4 (xsd:int)                             |
| 29 (xsd:int)                            |
| Franziska Giffey (dbr:Franziska_Giffey) |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| leaderTitle                                               |
| --------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bundesrat of Germany (dbr:Bundesrat_of_Germany)           |
| Bundestag (dbr:Bundestag)                                 |
| Governing Mayor of Berlin (dbr:Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the property dbp:leaderName for dbr:Berlin includes both numbers and an entity: dbr:Franziska_Giffey. The corresponding title in dbp:leaderTitle is "Governing Mayor of Berlin" (dbr:Governing_Mayor_of_Berlin).

Therefore, the current mayor of Berlin according to DBpedia is dbr:Franziska_Giffey.

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query did not return any results, so the answer provided is not supported by the query execution. Additionally, the filter clause (?mayor != 4 && ?mayor != 29) is strange and likely unnecessary. The query should be revised to ensure it retrieves the current mayor of Berlin from DBpedia. Consider checking for alternative properties such as dbo:leader or dbo:mayor, and ensure the query returns the IRI of the mayor as required.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Let's carefully re-examine the available properties and structure the query to reliably retrieve the current mayor of Berlin from DBpedia.

Step-by-step plan:
1. We already checked dbo:mayor and dbp:mayor, which returned no results.
2. We found that dbp:leaderName for dbr:Berlin includes both numbers and a resource (dbr:Franziska_Giffey).
3. Let's check if dbo:leader is used for Berlin, as this is a common ontology property for leaders.
4. If not, we can also check dbp:leader and dbp:leaderName for possible IRIs.

Let's first check if dbo:leader is used for dbr:Berlin.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant] The property dbo:leader is not used for dbr:Berlin. Next, let's check if dbp:leader is used for dbr:Berlin.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
The property dbp:leader is also not used for dbr:Berlin.

Previously, dbp:leaderName returned a mix of numbers and one IRI (dbr:Franziska_Giffey). Let's check if dbp:leaderName is generally used with IRIs for other cities, or if this is an anomaly. I'll list some triples with dbp:leaderName as the property to see the pattern.

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                   | property                     | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Adi Dharm (dbr:Adi_Dharm)                                                 | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Ram Mohan Roy (dbr:Ram_Mohan_Roy)                                                                                |
| Dalian (dbr:Dalian)                                                       | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Chen Shaowang (en)                                                                                |
| Hoboken, New Jersey (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hoboken,_New_Jersey>)   | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | James J. Farina (en)                                                                                |
| Itasy Region (dbr:Itasy_Region)                                           | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | dbr:Solofonirina_Maherizo_Andriamanana                                                                            |
| Aughamucky (dbr:Aughamucky)                                               | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Carlow–Kilkenny (Dáil constituency) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carlow–Kilkenny_(Dáil_constituency)>)           |
| Bolsheviks (dbr:Bolsheviks)                                               | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Vladimir Lenin (dbr:Vladimir_Lenin)                                                                               |
| Cloughleigh (dbr:Cloughleigh)                                             | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Clare (Dáil constituency) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clare_(Dáil_constituency)>)                               |
| County Laois (dbr:County_Laois)                                           | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laois–Offaly_(Dáil_constituency)>)                 |
| Bray, County Wicklow (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bray,_County_Wicklow>) | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Wicklow (Dáil constituency) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wicklow_(Dáil_constituency)>)                           |
| Ballyfermot (dbr:Ballyfermot)                                             | leader name (dbp:leaderName) | Dublin South-Central (Dáil constituency) (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dublin_South-Central_(Dáil_constituency)>) |
| ...                                                                       | ...                          | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
From the sample, dbp:leaderName sometimes points to IRIs (e.g., dbr:Ram_Mohan_Roy, dbr:Solofonirina_Maherizo_Andriamanana, dbr:Vladimir_Lenin) and sometimes to literals.

For Berlin, dbp:leaderName returned dbr:Franziska_Giffey, which is an IRI and likely the correct answer. To ensure we only get IRIs (not numbers or literals), let's write a query that returns only IRIs for dbp:leaderName for dbr:Berlin.

I'll use a query that checks if the object is an IRI (using isIRI).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| mayor                                   |
| --------------------------------------- |
| Franziska Giffey (dbr:Franziska_Giffey) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| mayor                                   | mayorLabel            |
| --------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Franziska Giffey (dbr:Franziska_Giffey) | Franziska Giffey (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query correctly retrieves the current value of dbp:leaderName for dbr:Berlin, which is Franziska Giffey. However, this property may not always be up-to-date, and DBpedia sometimes lags behind real-world changes. Additionally, Berlin's head of government is officially called the 'Governing Mayor' (Regierender Bürgermeister), and there may be a more specific property such as dbo:leader or dbo:mayor. Consider refining the query to check for dbo:mayor or dbo:leader as well, and possibly order by a date property if available to ensure the most recent mayor is returned. This will make the answer more robust and accurate.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. To make the query more robust and accurate, I will:

1. Check for dbo:mayor and dbo:leader properties for dbr:Berlin.
2. If either property is present, include those results.
3. If multiple results are found (e.g., due to historical mayors), I will look for a date property (such as dbo:term or dbp:termStart) and order by the most recent, if available.
4. If none of these ontology properties are present, I will fall back to dbp:leaderName as before.

First, let's check if dbo:mayor or dbo:leader are used for dbr:Berlin and if there are any date properties associated with these.

[Tool]
Got 1,093 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                                                            | object                                                                          |
| ------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | has abstract (dbo:abstract)                                         | ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 베를린 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십...이다. 한자로 음차해서 백림(伯林)이라고도 부르기도 한다. (ko)        |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | Wikipage page ID (dbo:wikiPageID)                                   | 3354 (xsd:int)                                                                  |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | Wikipage revision ID (dbo:wikiPageRevisionID)                       | 1124830955 (xsd:int)                                                            |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | page length (characters) of wiki page (dbo:wikiPageLength)          | 236483 (xsd:int)                                                                |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | Link from a Wikipage to an external page (dbo:wikiPageExternalLink) | <http://maps.presscom.co.uk/berlin/berlin-school-atlas-1916.html>               |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | name (dbp:name)                                                     | Berlin (en)                                                                     |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | date (dbp:date)                                                     | 2022-09-15 (xsd:date)                                                           |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | subdivision type (dbp:subdivisionType)                              | States of Germany (dbr:States_of_Germany)                                       |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | subdivision name (dbp:subdivisionName)                              | Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin (dbr:Boroughs_and_neighborhoods_of_Berlin) |
| Berlin (dbr:Berlin) | location (dbp:location)                                             | Berlin , , 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1908–present (en)                        |
| ...                 | ...                                                                 | ...                                                                             |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
Neither dbo:mayor nor dbo:leader are used for dbr:Berlin in DBpedia. This means the ontology properties are not available for Berlin's mayor.

Given this, the most specific property available is dbp:leaderName, which, as previously found, points to dbr:Franziska_Giffey. There are no date properties directly associated with this triple for Berlin, so we cannot order by recency.

To make the query robust, I will:
- Retrieve the mayor using dbp:leaderName, filtering for IRIs (to avoid numbers/literals).
- Optionally include the label for readability.

Here is the refined query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>
PREFIX dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
SELECT ?nickname WHERE {
  dbr:Baghdad dbp:nickname ?nickname
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| nickname           |
| ------------------ |
| City of Peace (en) |

The nickname of Baghdad is 'City of Peace'.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
dbpedia at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/dbpedia

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/
dbp: <http://dbpedia.org/property/
dbr: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
purl: <http://purl.org/linguistics/gold/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geosparql: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the nick name of Baghdad?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity in question is "Baghdad".
2. The property we are interested in is "nick name" (nickname).

First, I will search for the entity "Baghdad" in DBpedia to get its IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Baghdad, also known as City of Peace (مدينة السلام) (dbr:Baghdad): Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and is, after Cairo, the second l...the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.
2. Baghdad (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Baghdad>)
3. Baghdād (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baghdād>)
4. Baghdad, Baghdad (<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baghdad,_Baghdad>)
5. Baghdad Bounedjah (dbr:Baghdad_Bounedjah): Baghdad Bounedjah (Arabic: بغداد بونجاح, born 24 November 1991)...ide Étoile du Sahel, before joining Qatari club Al Sadd in 2015.
6. Baghdad Governorate (dbr:Baghdad_Governorate)
7. Baghdad Pact (dbr:Baghdad_Pact): For the non-governmental organization established to advance a W...METO) (disambiguation), was a military alliance of the Cold War.
8. Baghdad Battery (dbr:Baghdad_Battery): The Baghdad Battery or Parthian Battery is a set of three artifa...m either of these periods.Its origin and purpose remain unclear.
9. Whoops Baghdad (dbr:Whoops_Baghdad): Whoops Baghdad is a BBC television comedy programme first broadc..., with the setting moved from Ancient Rome to mediaeval Baghdad.
10. Baghdad Eyalet (dbr:Baghdad_Eyalet): Baghdad Eyalet (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت بغداد; Eyālet-i Baġdād) ... area in the 19th century was 62,208 square miles (161,120 km2).

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for Baghdad is dbr:Baghdad.

Next, I need to find which property in DBpedia is used for "nickname". I will search for properties related to "nickname".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. nickname (dbp:nickname)
2. nicknames (dbp:nicknames)
3. Nickname/s (<http://dbpedia.org/property/nickname/s>)
4. nickname type (dbp:nicknameType)
5. Nickname   founded (dbp:nicknameFounded)
6. 7 nickname (dbp:7Nickname)
7. nickname subunit  (dbp:nicknameSubunit)
8. nickname link (dbp:nicknameLink)
9. sports nickname (dbp:sportsNickname)
10. sports nicknames (dbp:sportsNicknames)

[Assistant]
The most likely property for "nickname" is dbp:nickname.

Now, I will check if dbr:Baghdad has a dbp:nickname property and what its value is.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject               | property                | object             |
| --------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------ |
| Baghdad (dbr:Baghdad) | nickname (dbp:nickname) | City of Peace (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the nickname of Baghdad from DBpedia using the dbp:nickname property. The result matches the expected answer ('City of Peace'), and the query returns the actual value from the knowledge graph. No further refinement is necessary.