PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?inception WHERE {
  wd:Q327110 wdt:P571 ?inception
}

The first Roller Hockey World Cup was held in 1936.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the first Roller Hockey World Cup?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for the "Roller Hockey World Cup."
2. Then, we need to find the property that gives us the date of the first edition (inception or first held).
3. Finally, we will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve this information.

First, I'll search for the entity "Roller Hockey World Cup" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q327110): football tournament
2. 1939 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q1756877): international football competition
3. 1947 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q8261095): international football competition
4. 1952 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q527118): international football competition
5. 1951 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q3771365): international football competition
6. 1956 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q584550): international football competition
7. 1948 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q8261097): international football competition
8. 1953 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q8261101): international football competition
9. 1949 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q8261102): international football competition
10. 1958 Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q8261112): international football competition

[Assistant]
The main entity for the Roller Hockey World Cup appears to be "FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup" (wd:Q327110). The other entities are specific editions of the tournament.

Next, I need to find the property that indicates the date of the first edition or inception of this tournament. I'll search for properties related to "inception" or "first held."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with
3. event interval, also known as event frequency, frequency of event, interval, period (wd:P2257 as p/wdt): standard nominal interval between scheduled or regularly recurri...1/(event frequency). Time period of periodically occurring event
4. statistical leader, also known as most valuable player, MVP, record setter, statistical leader (wd:P3279 as p/wdt): leader of a sports tournament in one of statistical qualities (points, assists, rebounds etc.).
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
7. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as p/wdt): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
8. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
9. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wd:P571) is used to indicate when an entity begins to exist, which is suitable for finding the date of the first Roller Hockey World Cup.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the inception date for the FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q327110).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| inception                           |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1936-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the inception date (wdt:P571) of the FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup (wd:Q327110) from Wikidata. The answer provided (1936) matches the result from the query. The query returns the actual identifier (date value) as required, and no further refinement is necessary. The output is correct and complete.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?position ?positionLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q2105 wdt:P39 ?position .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?position rdfs:label ?positionLabel FILTER ( lang( ?positionLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| position                                                       | positionLabel                                        |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| mayor of Paris (wd:Q12371988)                                  | mayor of Paris (en)                                  |
| party leader (wd:Q1553195)                                     | party leader (en)                                    |
| Prime Minister of France (wd:Q1587677)                         | Prime Minister of France (en)                        |
| president of the general council (wd:Q1872450)                 | president of the general council (en)                |
| President of the French Republic (wd:Q191954)                  | President of the French Republic (en)                |
| ...                                                            | ...                                                  |
| Member of the European Parliament (wd:Q27169)                  | Member of the European Parliament (en)               |
| member of the French National Assembly (wd:Q3044918)           | member of the French National Assembly (en)          |
| Minister Delegate for Relations with Parliament (wd:Q51190349) | Minister Delegate for Relations with Parliament (en) |
| Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (wd:Q51624064)   | Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (en)   |
| Conseiller général de la Corrèze (wd:Q59947266)                | Conseiller général de la Corrèze (en)                |

Jacques Chirac held several positions, including (with IRIs and English labels): President of the French Republic, Prime Minister of France, Mayor of Paris, party leader, president of the general council, Member of the European Parliament, member of the French National Assembly, Minister Delegate for Relations with Parliament, Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development, and Conseiller général de la Corrèze.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What position does Jacques Chirac hold?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the position(s) held by Jacques Chirac.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for Jacques Chirac in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the property that links a person to the positions they have held (likely "position held" or similar).
4. Finally, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the positions held by Jacques Chirac.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Jacques Chirac" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jacques Chirac (wd:Q2105): President of France from 1995 to 2007, politician, official
2. Jacques Chirac (wd:Q3158541): song
3. Jacques Chirac (wd:Q131541678): 2020 song by Lacrim
4. avenue Jacques Chirac (wd:Q120493935): avenue of Athis-Mons, in France
5. esplanade Jacques Chirac (wd:Q116271637): square in Suresnes, France
6. Esplanade Jacques Chirac (wd:Q113662407)
7. Jacques Chirac Foundation (wd:Q30728144): Non for profit organization in France
8. place Jacques Chirac (wd:Q110806807): square in Clichy-la-Garenne, France
9. parc Jacques Chirac (wd:Q116260848): street in Rueil-Malmaison, France
10. parvis Jacques Chirac (wd:Q116255305): square in Issy-les-Moulineaux, France

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Jacques Chirac, the former President of France, is wd:Q2105.

Next, I need to find the property that links a person to the positions they have held. This is likely "position held" or similar. I will search for properties related to "position held".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): persons who hold and/or held the position
3. position played on team / speciality, also known as position (on team), speciality, specialism, position, player position (wd:P413 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): position or specialism of a player on a team
4. expression, gesture or body pose, also known as action, expression, facial expression, gesture, movement (wd:P6022 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): qualifier on "depicts" (P180) for human position of an individual in an artwork
5. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
6. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. office contested, also known as contested office, contested position, position contested (wd:P541 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): title of office which election will determine the next holder of
9. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): position of the head of this item
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The most relevant property is "position held" (wd:P39), which is used to indicate positions or public offices held by a person.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve all positions held by Jacques Chirac (wd:Q2105) using the property "position held" (wd:P39). I will also try to get the labels for the positions for better readability, but will keep them optional as per the instructions.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| position                                                       | positionLabel                                        |
| -------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| mayor of Paris (wd:Q12371988)                                  | mayor of Paris (en)                                  |
| party leader (wd:Q1553195)                                     | party leader (en)                                    |
| Prime Minister of France (wd:Q1587677)                         | Prime Minister of France (en)                        |
| president of the general council (wd:Q1872450)                 | president of the general council (en)                |
| President of the French Republic (wd:Q191954)                  | President of the French Republic (en)                |
| ...                                                            | ...                                                  |
| Member of the European Parliament (wd:Q27169)                  | Member of the European Parliament (en)               |
| member of the French National Assembly (wd:Q3044918)           | member of the French National Assembly (en)          |
| Minister Delegate for Relations with Parliament (wd:Q51190349) | Minister Delegate for Relations with Parliament (en) |
| Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (wd:Q51624064)   | Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development (en)   |
| Conseiller général de la Corrèze (wd:Q59947266)                | Conseiller général de la Corrèze (en)                |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query correctly retrieves all positions held by Jacques Chirac by using the 'position held' property (wdt:P39). However, the query only returns the IRIs of the positions, not their labels. While returning only IRIs is technically correct according to the rules, including optional labels using rdfs:label would make the answer more human-readable and useful, especially since the answer provided to the user includes the human-readable names. Consider refining the query to include optional labels for each position using OPTIONAL {?position rdfs:label ?positionLabel. FILTER (lang(?positionLabel) = 'en') }.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I agree that including optional English labels for each position would make the answer more human-readable and useful, especially since the answer provided to the user includes the human-readable names.

I will refine the query to return both the IRIs of the positions and their English labels using an OPTIONAL clause with rdfs:label and a language filter.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

SELECT ?position ?positionLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q2105 wdt:P39 ?position .
  OPTIONAL { ?position rdfs:label ?positionLabel FILTER (lang(?positionLabel) = "en") }
}

This will return both the IRIs and the English labels for each position held by Jacques Chirac.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all positions held by Jacques Chirac using the appropriate property (wdt:P39) and returns the IRIs of the positions, as well as their English labels in an optional clause. The answer is complete and matches the query results. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?period WHERE {
  wd:Q441786 wdt:P2348 ?period .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?period wdt:P580 ?start
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?period wdt:P582 ?end
  }
  FILTER ( BOUND( ?end ) && ?end <= "-0030-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime )
}

There is no historical period associated with Julia Balbilla that ends on or before -30-01-01 (30 BCE).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the historical period of Julia Balbilla that is until -30-1-1?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity "Julia Balbilla" and determine her historical period.
2. The user specifies "until -30-1-1", which likely refers to a date (30 BCE, January 1st).
3. We need to find the historical period associated with Julia Balbilla that ended before or on 30 BCE.

First, I will search for "Julia Balbilla" in Wikidata to get her entity IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Julia Balbilla (wd:Q441786): Roman noble woman and poet, writer, poet
2. 89 Julia, also known as Julia, (89) Julia (wd:Q157654): main-belt asteroid
3. Julia Domna, also known as Iulia Augusta, Julia Domina, Julia Augusta, Julia (wd:Q229246): ancient Roman empress, philosopher
4. Julia the Elder, also known as Julia Major, Iulia Augusti, Julia Maior, Julia Gaii Caesaris filia, Julia C. Caesaris f. (wd:Q2259): daughter of Emperor Augustus (39 BC – AD 14), aristocrat
5. Julia (wd:Q1166180): 1977 film by Fred Zinnemann
6. Julia Ann, also known as Julia (wd:Q233137): American pornographic actress, erotic photography model, pornographic actor, film director, fetish model, model
7. Julia, also known as JuliaLang, Julia programming language, The Julia Language (wd:Q2613697): high-performance dynamic programming language
8. Julia (wd:Q235087): daughter of Julius Caesar and Cornelia
9. Julia Minor, also known as Iulia, Iulia Minor, Julia (wd:Q241143): sister of Julius Caesar, and grandmother of Augustus
10. Julia (wd:Q255870): wife of Gaius Marius

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Julia Balbilla is wd:Q441786.

Next, I need to determine how "historical period" is represented in Wikidata. I will search for properties related to "historical period".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): time period when a statement is valid
2. set in period, also known as time period set in, time period of setting, time period, takes place in time, takes place during (wd:P2408 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): historical, contemporary, or future period, year, century or day...rk or genre is set in or event featured in the story of the work
3. time period, also known as oge (oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ...ụ mere ma ọ bụ nke ejikọtara ya. (wd:P2348 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): time period (historic period or era, sports season, theatre seas...c.) in which the subject occurred or with which it is associated
4. orbital period, also known as revolution period, sidereal period (wd:P2146 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): the time taken for a given astronomic object to make one complete orbit about another object, duration
5. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
6. historical region (wd:P6885 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): geographic area which at some point in time had a cultural, ethn...linguistic or political basis, regardless of present-day borders, location, part of
7. day in year for periodic occurrence, also known as date, day, day in year, day of periodic occurrence, day of year (wd:P837 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): when a specific holiday or periodic event occurs. Can be used as property or qualifier
8. era name (wd:P6902 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): era name for rulers in East Asia
9. duration, also known as time length, timespan, time span, time interval, runtime (wd:P2047 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): length of time of an event or process
10. history of topic, also known as history of the topic, timeline of subject, timeline of the subject, timeline of the topic, timeline of topic (wd:P2184 as prv/p/pqn/psn/wdtn/wdt/pqv/pq/prn/pr/ps/psv): item about the historical development of a subject's topic, exam... To list key events of the topic, use "significant event" (P793), studied in

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "historical period" is likely "time period" (wd:P2348), which refers to the historic period or era with which the subject is associated.

Now, I will check which "time period" (wd:P2348) values are associated with Julia Balbilla (wd:Q441786).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property                | object                         |
| --------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Julia Balbilla (wd:Q441786) | time period (wdt:P2348) | High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) |

[Tool]
Got 129 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                        | property                               | object                                   |
| ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | instance of (wdt:P31)                  | historical period (wd:Q11514315)         |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | part of (wdt:P361)                     | Roman Empire (wd:Q2277)                  |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                 | Roman imperial period (wd:Q16147990)     |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | follows (wdt:P155)                     | Late Roman Republic (wd:Q2815472)        |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | followed by (wdt:P156)                 | Low Roman Empire (wd:Q2886278)           |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | different from (wdt:P1889)             | Principate (wd:Q206414)                  |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | start time (wdt:P580)                  | -026-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)      |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | end time (wdt:P582)                    | 0235-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)      |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | end cause (wdt:P1534)                  | Crisis of the Third Century (wd:Q329838) |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | Google Knowledge Graph ID (wdtn:P2671) | <http://g.co/kg/g/122h6xm5>              |
| ...                            | ...                                    | ...                                      |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| period                         | periodLabel            | start                               | end                                 |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| High Roman Empire (wd:Q787204) | High Roman Empire (en) | -026-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 0235-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
Julia Balbilla is associated with the historical period "High Roman Empire" (wd:Q787204). This period started in 27 BCE (represented as -026-01-01) and ended in 235 CE.

Since you asked for the historical period "until -30-1-1" (30 BCE), the "High Roman Empire" starts after this date (in 27 BCE), so it does not cover the period until 30 BCE.

Therefore, Julia Balbilla's associated historical period does not match the criterion of ending on or before 30 BCE. Here is the SPARQL query that shows her historical period and its time range:

```sparql
SELECT ?period WHERE {
  wd:Q441786 wdt:P2348 ?period .
  OPTIONAL { ?period wdt:P580 ?start }
  OPTIONAL { ?period wdt:P582 ?end }
  FILTER(BOUND(?start) && ?start <= "-0030-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime)
}
```

But since the only period associated with her starts after -30-1-1, the answer is: None.

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query attempts to find historical periods associated with Julia Balbilla that start on or before -30-01-01, but the question asks for periods that end on or before -30-01-01. The query should filter on the end date (?end) instead of the start date (?start). Please modify the FILTER clause to check if ?end is bound and ?end <= "-0030-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime. This will correctly answer the user's question about periods ending on or before the specified date.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the question asks for historical periods associated with Julia Balbilla that end on or before -30-01-01 (30 BCE). Therefore, the SPARQL query should filter on the end date (?end), not the start date.

I will update the query to:
- Check if the period has an end date (?end) that is bound.
- Filter for periods where ?end <= "-0030-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime.

Here is the revised query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is well-constructed for the user's question: it looks for historical periods associated with Julia Balbilla that have an end date on or before -30-01-01 (30 BCE). The use of FILTER to ensure the period ends before the specified date is correct, and the query returns the actual IRIs as required. Since no such periods exist in the data, the answer is accurate and complete.