PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?film ) AS ?movieCount ) WHERE {
  ?film wdt:P57 wd:Q42574 .
  ?film wdt:P577 ?date .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?date ) < 2010 )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?movieCount |
| ----------- |
| 15          |

James Cameron directed 15 movies prior to the year 2010.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many movies has James Cameron directed prior to the year 2010?

[Assistant]
Okay, let's break this down.

1.  We need to find James Cameron.
2.  We need to find the movies he directed.
3.  We need to filter those movies to only include those released before 2010.
4.  We need to count the number of movies that satisfy these conditions.

Let's start by finding James Cameron's entity ID.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. James Cameron, also known as James Francis Cameron, J. F. Cameron, J F Cameron, Jim Cameron, J.F. Cameron (wd:Q42574): Canadian filmmaker (born 1954), television producer, philanthropist, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, inventor, director, engineer, explorer, actor
2. James Cameron (wd:Q3160968): 19th century Scottish artisan missionary (1800–1875), artisan
3. James Cameron (wd:Q6130912): South African cricketer, cricketer
4. James Cameron, also known as James Herbert Cameron, Jr. (wd:Q10305062): American civil rights activist (1914-2006), civil rights advocate, writer
5. James Cameron (wd:Q6130916): Scottish footballer (1868-1934), association football manager, association football player
6. James Cameron, also known as Mark James Walter Cameron (wd:Q6130915): British journalist (1911–1985), television presenter, autobiographer, journalist
7. Cameron James, also known as Cameron Lewis James (wd:Q24060497): association football player (born 1998), association football player
8. James Cameron, also known as James Gair Cameron (wd:Q6130910): Zimbabwean cricketer, cricketer
9. James R. Cameron, also known as James Cameron, James Reese Cameron (wd:Q6141583): American historian (born 1929), historian
10. James Cameron (wd:Q119824536): association football player, Canadian soccer player

[Assistant] The first result, `wd:Q42574`, seems to be the correct James Cameron (Canadian filmmaker). Now, let's find the property for "director".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Letterboxd director ID, also known as Letterboxd film director ID, Letterboxd movie director ID (wd:P12383 as wdt/p): identifier for a film director on the online database Letterboxd
2. LUMIERE director ID (wd:P4283 as wdt/p): ID of a film director in the LUMIERE database of the European Audiovisual Observatory
3. Film.ru person ID, also known as Film.ru actor ID, Film.ru person identifier, Film.ru actor identifier, Film.ru director ID (wd:P10302 as wdt/p): identifier for people in the Russian film database on film.ru
4. Ciné-Ressources person ID, also known as Cine person ID, Ciné-Ressources person identifier, cineressources.net person identifier, cineressources.net person ID, Cine person identifier (wd:P3204 as wdt/p): page of a person on the website "Ciné-Ressources"
5. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
8. film-documentaire.fr author ID (wd:P6603 as wdt/p): identifier of an author in the French database film-documentaire.fr
9. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as wdt/p): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
10. CineMagia person ID, also known as CineMagia actor ID, CineMagia actor identifier, CineMagia person identifier, Cinemagia.ro person ID, Cinemagia.ro person identifier (wd:P4666 as wdt/p): identifier for a person on the Cinemagia.ro website

No other items found

[Assistant] The search results don't directly give us "director". Let's try searching for "films directed".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as wdt/p): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. Letterboxd director ID, also known as Letterboxd film director ID, Letterboxd movie director ID (wd:P12383 as wdt/p): identifier for a film director on the online database Letterboxd
4. Filmportal ID, also known as Filmportal (wd:P2639 as wdt/p): identifier of the German Filmportal.de
5. Film.ru person ID, also known as Film.ru actor ID, Film.ru person identifier, Film.ru actor identifier, Film.ru director ID (wd:P10302 as wdt/p): identifier for people in the Russian film database on film.ru
6. film-documentaire.fr author ID (wd:P6603 as wdt/p): identifier of an author in the French database film-documentaire.fr
7. list of works, also known as jikọọ na isiokwu na ọrụ nke mmadụ; jiri P358 mee ihe ngosi (wd:P1455 as wdt/p): link to the article with the works of a person; use P358 for discographies, has list
8. Kinobox person ID, also known as https://www.kinobox.cz/osobnosti/, kinobox.cz/osobnosti/, www.kinobox.cz/osobnosti/ (wd:P12098 as wdt/p): identifier for a person on the Kinobox.cz website
9. AdoroCinema person ID, also known as AdoroCinema ID, AdoroCinema identifier, AdoroCinema person identifier (wd:P10266 as wdt/p): identifier for a person in AdoroCinema database
10. Rotten Tomatoes ID, also known as RottenTomatoes ID, Rotten Tomatoes identifier, RottenTomatoes identifier (wd:P1258 as wdt/p): identifier on Rotten Tomatoes

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no direct property. Let's try a more general search for properties related to "film" and "director".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. director, also known as film director, movie director, game director, directed by (wd:P57 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): director(s) of film, TV-series, stageplay, video game or similar, contributor to the creative work or subject, creator
2. director / manager, also known as leader, manager, manager/director, managing director, Officer-in-Charge (wd:P1037 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person who manages any kind of group, significant person
3. editor-in-chief, also known as lead editor, managing editor, executive editor, editor in chief, directed by (wd:P5769 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility fo...publishing articles or books in collections or periodical papers
4. director of photography, also known as cinematographer, DOP (wd:P344 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person responsible for the framing, lighting, and filtration of the subject work, film crew member
5. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): position of the head of this item
6. Kinematoscope film director ID (wd:P7484 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): database of film adaptations of literary work (18th and 19th century)
7. producer, also known as music producer, record producer, produced by, film producer, creative producer (wd:P162 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person(s) who produced the film, musical work, theatrical produc...etc.) [for production company, use P272, video games - use P178]
8. Letterboxd director ID, also known as Letterboxd film director ID, Letterboxd movie director ID (wd:P12383 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a film director on the online database Letterboxd
9. screenwriter, also known as story by, teleplay by, video game writer, writer (of screenplays), writing credits (wd:P58 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person(s) who wrote the script for subject item, film crew member, author
10. creative director (wd:P12617 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person who makes high-level creative decisions, director

[Assistant] Okay, we found `wdt:P57` which is "director". Now we need to find the release date of the film. Let's search for "publication date" or "release date".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of commercialization, also known as availability date, commercialization date, product release date, release date (wd:P5204 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): date when a product was first commercialized
2. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
3. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. day of regular release (wd:P6437 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): day(s) when parts of this creative work are released, aired, published, etc
6. service entry, also known as commissioned, time of service entry, service introduction, launch date, in service (wd:P729 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service, start time
7. date of official opening, also known as launch date, launched, officially opened on, official opening, official opening time (wd:P1619 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): date or point in time a place, organization, or event officially opened, start time, inception
8. UTC date of spacecraft launch, also known as time of spacecraft launch, spacecraft launch time, spacecraft launch date, launch time, launch date (wd:P619 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): date of spacecraft launch in UTC
9. production date, also known as date of production, filming date, filming time, production date, year of production (wd:P2754 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): period of active production of (creative) work; the only date st... publication date (P577); in general cases, use inception (P571)
10. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place

[Assistant]
`wdt:P577` "publication date" seems appropriate. Now we can construct the query.
```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?film) AS ?movieCount) WHERE {
  ?film wdt:P57 wd:Q42574.
  ?film wdt:P577 ?date.
  FILTER (YEAR(?date) < 2010)
}
```
This query selects all films directed by James Cameron, gets their publication date, filters for dates before 2010, and counts the number of distinct films.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?movieCount |
| ----------- |
| 15          |

[Assistant] The query returns 15.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
ASK {
  wd:Q623561 wdt:P138 wd:Q24004555 .
}

Dr. Pepper is not named after its inventor.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is Dr. Pepper named after its inventor?

[Assistant] I need to find out if Dr. Pepper is named after its inventor. I will first search for the entity "Dr. Pepper" and then try to find properties related to its name or origin.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Dr Pepper, also known as Dr. Pepper (wd:Q623561): carbonated soft drink
2. Keurig Dr Pepper, also known as Green Mountain Coffee, Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Keurig Green Mountain (wd:Q3116111): American beverage company
3. Comerica Center, also known as Deja Blue Arena, Dr Pepper Arena (wd:Q637300): stadium
4. Dr. Pepper Museum (wd:Q25421126): museum
5. Dublin Dr Pepper (wd:Q5310881): popular name for a style of Dr Pepper soft drink
6. Dr. Pepper Syrup Plant, also known as Dr. Pepper Building (wd:Q124038489): historic building in Birmingham, Alabama, United States
7. Diet Dr Pepper (wd:Q19903950): low-calorie soft drink
8. Pepper Drain (wd:Q49265671): canal in Imperial County, California, United States of America
9. Dr. William Pepper (wd:Q94045516): scientific article published in September 1898
10. Dr. Peppercorn (wd:Q20536983): painting by Gene Davis

[Assistant] The most relevant entity is "Dr Pepper (wd:Q623561)". Now I will search for properties of this entity related to its name or origin.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as wdt/p): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
2. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as wdt/p): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
3. official name, also known as long title, name, official title, registered name, full title (wd:P1448 as wdt/p): official name of the subject in its official language(s), name
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
6. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as wdt/p): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
7. X (Twitter) username, also known as twitter.com/, X username, X handle, x.com/, X account (wd:P2002 as wdt/p): username on X (formerly Twitter); do not include the '@' symbol, website username or ID
8. discoverer or inventor, also known as inventor or discoverer, inventor, invented by, invented, introduced by (wd:P61 as wdt/p): subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory
9. Instagram username, also known as IG username, www.instagram.com, urinsta, ufinsta, Insta ID (wd:P2003 as wdt/p): item's username on Instagram, website username or ID

No other items found

[Assistant] The properties "named after (wd:P138)" and "discoverer or inventor (wd:P61)" seem relevant. I will now construct a SPARQL query to check if Dr. Pepper is named after its inventor.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?inventor                                |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| Charles Courtice Alderton (wd:Q24004555) |

[Assistant] I found the inventor of Dr. Pepper is Charles Courtice Alderton (wd:Q24004555). Now I will check if Dr. Pepper is named after him.

[Tool] False

[Assistant] Dr. Pepper is not named after its inventor.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?releaseDate WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album wdt:P577 ?releaseDate .
  }
  ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?albumLabel ) = "en" )
}
ORDER BY ?releaseDate

Jay (wd:Q221115)

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] The first album of Jay Chou

[Assistant]
Okay, I need to find the first album of Jay Chou.
First, I need to find the entity ID of Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Chou, also known as President Chou, Zhou Jielun, Chou Chieh-lun (wd:Q238819): Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor, recording artist, record producer, film director, songwriter, composer, director, rapper, singer, actor
2. Jayanta Choudhury (wd:Q102339960): Ph.D. University of Louisiana at Lafayette 2008
3. Jaya Choudhary (wd:Q88317282): researcher
4. Jayadratha Choudhury (wd:Q107562664): Indian Odia-language writer, writer
5. Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331): 2016 studio album by Jay Chou
6. Jayanta Narayan Choudhury, also known as Jayanto Narayan Choudhury (wd:Q110437452): Indian police officer
7. Choudhury Jayprakash Das, also known as Choudhury Jayaprakash Das, Caudhurī Jaẏaprakāśa Dāsa (wd:Q60511536): Indian actor and academic, film actor, teacher, actor
8. Jay Chou 2007 World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q1100149): live album
9. J, also known as ᴊ, Juliett, Juliet, j, jay (wd:Q9773): 10th-17th letter of Latin alphabets
10. Eurasian Jay, also known as Garrulus glandarius, Jay, European Jay (wd:Q25354): species of bird

[Assistant]
The entity ID of Jay Chou is wd:Q238819.
Now I need to find the property that represents the first album. I will search for properties of Jay Chou related to "album".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as wdt/p): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as wdt/p): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
7. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
8. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
9. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
10. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses

No other items found

[Assistant] I didn't find a direct property for "first album". I will try to find all albums by Jay Chou and then find the earliest one. The property for "discography" (wd:P358) seems promising. Let's find the discography of Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject               | property               | object      |
| --------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------- |
| Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) | discography (wdt:P358) | wd:Q1100151 |

[Assistant] The discography page is wd:Q1100151. This doesn't directly give me the albums. I need to find a property that links Jay Chou to his albums. Let's try searching for properties related to "musical work" for Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
4. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as wdt/p): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
5. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/p): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
6. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as wdt/p): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name
7. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
8. spoken text audio, also known as audio description, spoken Wikipedia, spoken Wikipedia text audio, Wikipedia audio, Wikipedia spoken text audio (wd:P989 as wdt/p): audio file for the spoken work or Wikipedia article, including audio descriptions, audio
9. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
10. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as wdt/p): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no direct property. Let's try "performer".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as wdt/p): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name
4. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
5. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as wdt/p): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. Genius artist ID, also known as Genius ID (wd:P2373 as wdt/p): identifier for an artist or label on Genius
8. MusicBrainz artist ID, also known as MB artist ID, MBID artist (wd:P434 as wdtn/wdt/p): identifier for an artist in the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia
9. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as wdt/p): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
10. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no luck. Let's try a more general approach. I'll search for properties related to "work" for Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/p): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
3. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
4. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as p): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
5. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/p): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
9. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
10. has list, also known as list, topic's list, topic list, related list, list for this topic (wd:P2354 as wdt/p): Wikimedia list related to this subject

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no direct property. I will try to find the albums using "instance of" (wdt:P31) and "performer" (wdt:P175). First, I need to find the entity ID for "album".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. album, also known as full album, record album, music album, full-length album, audio album (wd:Q482994): grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at the ...racks but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)
2. album, also known as scrapbook (wd:Q1173065): book with pages used for assembling and presenting a collection,...blished sets of pages that are bound or loose-leaf and annotated
3. album (wd:Q2288488): board chalked or painted white, on which decrees, edicts and other public notices were inscribed in black in ancient Rome
4. Album (wd:Q531318): 1994 album by Quorthon
5. Album (wd:Q23925073): 2016 film by Mehmet Can Mertoğlu
6. Album (wd:Q1411632): 1983 album by Joan Jett
7. Album, also known as Cassette, Compact Disc (wd:Q1942675): 1986 album by Public Image Ltd
8. Álbum (wd:Q6172625): 2006 studio album by Lu
9. Album, also known as 82876 650 512 (wd:Q146378): 2004 studio album by Brodka a.k.a. Monika Brodka
10. Album (wd:Q4712765): 2002 Tamil film directed by Vasanthabalan

[Assistant] The entity ID for "album" is wd:Q482994. Now I can construct a query to find all albums performed by Jay Chou.

[Tool]
Got 26 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?album                                              |
| --------------------------------------------------- |
| Initial J (wd:Q1097148)                             |
| Jay Chou 2007 World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q1100149) |
| Greatest Works of Art (wd:Q112935732)               |
| Partners (wd:Q1230396)                              |
| The One Live CD (wd:Q1319607)                       |
| ...                                                 |
| Secret (wd:Q7443940)                                |
| The One Concert Live (wd:Q7755027)                  |
| Exclamation Mark (wd:Q873560)                       |
| Opus 12 (wd:Q893010)                                |
| THE INVINCIBLE (wd:Q97350176)                       |

[Assistant] Now I have a list of albums by Jay Chou. I need to find the release date for each album and then find the earliest one. I will add the release date to the query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] The query failed because of the SERVICE wikibase:label. I will remove it and use rdfs:label instead.

[Tool]
Got 29 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?album                                          | ?albumLabel                      | ?releaseDate         |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Jay (wd:Q221115)                                | Jay                              | 2000-11-06T00:00:00Z |
| Jay (wd:Q221115)                                | Jay                              | 2000-11-07T00:00:00Z |
| Fantasy (wd:Q595532)                            | Fantasy                          | 2001-09-14T00:00:00Z |
| The Eight Dimensions (wd:Q680715)               | The Eight Dimensions             | 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| The One Live CD (wd:Q1319607)                   | The One Live CD                  | 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| ...                                             | ...                              | ...                  |
| Opus Jay World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q24073870) | Opus Jay World Tour Concert Live | 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| Aiyo, Nor Bad (wd:Q18652147)                    | Aiyo, Nor Bad                    | 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331)       | Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories       | 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| THE INVINCIBLE (wd:Q97350176)                   | THE INVINCIBLE                   | 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z |
| Greatest Works of Art (wd:Q112935732)           | Greatest Works of Art            | 2022-07-15T00:00:00Z |

[Assistant] The first album is "Jay" (wd:Q221115), released on 2000-11-06.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?show WHERE {
  ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 .
  ?show wdt:P580 ?date .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?date ) = 1975 ) FILTER ( ?show != wd:Q13979 )
}

Got 248 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?show                                              |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          |
| ...                                                |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             |
| wd:Q86210547                                       |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           |

Gabriela (wd:Q10287918), On the Mat (wd:Q10340891), Cher (wd:Q10381261), Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360), Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743), Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585), Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205), Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which shows aired for the first time the same year as Saturday Night Live ?

[Assistant] First, I need to identify the entity "Saturday Night Live" and the property that represents the first air date or original release date.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night, NBC's Saturday Night (wd:Q13979): American late-night live television sketch comedy show
2. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q6122059): television series
3. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q23039888): tv show aired in 2016
4. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28452163): album by Trouble Funk
5. Saturday Night Live Korea, also known as SNL Korea, SNL.KOREA, SNL Korea 6 (wd:Q7426718): 2011 South Korean television series
6. Le Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28194825): French late-night live television comedy show
7. Saturday Night Live Japan (wd:Q11304712): Japanese TV series or program
8. history of Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night Live history (wd:Q5866387): List article
9. Katy Perry/Robyn, also known as Saturday Night Live Season 37 Episode 9, Saturday Night Live S37E9, Saturday Night Live, season 37 episode 9 (wd:Q5483492): episode of Saturday Night Live (S37 E9)
10. Saturday Night Live Samurai (wd:Q7426709): recurring SNL character, samurai

[Assistant] The most relevant entity is "Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979)". Now I need to find the property for the original release date.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. original broadcaster, also known as TV channel, television channel, radio station, radio network, original network (wd:P449 as wdt/p): network(s) or service(s) that originally broadcast a radio or television program, broadcast by
2. number of episodes, also known as series length, no. of episodes, episodes, episode count (wd:P1113 as wdt/p): number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series, number of parts of this work
3. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as wdt/p): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
4. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as wdt/p): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
5. original language of film or TV show, also known as media language, original language, language of the original work, created on language (wd:P364 as wdt/p): language in which a film or a performance work was originally cr... works and songs; use P407 ("language of work or name") instead., language of work or name
6. TheTVDB series ID, also known as TheTVDB.com series ID (wd:P4835 as wdt/p): identifier for a television series at TheTVDB.com
7. presenter, also known as TV host, TV presenter, presented by, hostess, hosted by (wd:P371 as wdt/p): main role in presenting a radio or television program or a performing arts show, significant person, cast member
8. production company, also known as broadcasting company, theatrical troupe, theatre company, theater company, studio (wd:P272 as wdt/p): company that produced this film, audio or performing arts work
9. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
10. TV Maze series ID, also known as TV Maze ID (wd:P8600 as wdt/p): identifier number in the TV Maze database of shows

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "start time (wd:P580)" seems like the most appropriate property. Now I can construct a query to find the start time of Saturday Night Live.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?start               |
| -------------------- |
| 1975-10-11T00:00:00Z |

[Assistant] The start date of Saturday Night Live is 1975-10-11. Now I need to find other shows that started in 1975.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] I need to broaden the search. I will search for any television series that started in 1975.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] I will try to find any instance of work that started in 1975.

[Tool]
Got 2,105 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?item                                                         |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Tantra (wd:Q100340542)                                        |
| Suriname / Sranan (wd:Q100340543)                             |
| Wonen (wd:Q100340714)                                         |
| Marokko, over werken in Marokko (wd:Q100340715)               |
| Kind in Noord-Ghana (wd:Q100341347)                           |
| ...                                                           |
| 1975 San Sebastián International Film Festival (wd:Q98072601) |
| wd:Q98687554                                                  |
| wd:Q98687555                                                  |
| Brusenkamp (wd:Q994266)                                       |
| Land of the Lost, season 2 (wd:Q99772854)                     |

[Assistant] Now I can filter the results to only include television shows.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] I will try a different approach. I will search for the instance of property of Saturday Night Live.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                         | property              | object                          |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | instance of (wdt:P31) | television series (wd:Q5398426) |

[Assistant] Okay, so Saturday Night Live is an instance of "television series (wd:Q5398426)". I will use this in my query.

[Tool]
Got 248 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?show                                              |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          |
| ...                                                |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             |
| wd:Q86210547                                       |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?team ( COUNT( ?series ) AS ?wins ) WHERE {
  ?series wdt:P31 wd:Q842375 .
  ?series wdt:P1346 ?team .
}
GROUP BY ?team
ORDER BY DESC ( ?wins )

Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?team                              | ?wins |
| ---------------------------------- | ----- |
| Boston Celtics (wd:Q131371)        | 17    |
| Los Angeles Lakers (wd:Q121783)    | 16    |
| Chicago Bulls (wd:Q128109)         | 6     |
| San Antonio Spurs (wd:Q159729)     | 5     |
| Golden State Warriors (wd:Q157376) | 4     |
| ...                                | ...   |
| Atlanta Hawks (wd:Q159893)         | 1     |
| Washington Wizards (wd:Q169165)    | 1     |
| Dallas Mavericks (wd:Q132893)      | 1     |
| Seattle SuperSonics (wd:Q235326)   | 1     |
| Baltimore Bullets (wd:Q2928124)    | 1     |

The Boston Celtics have won the most NBA seasons with 17 wins.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which NBA teams have won the most seasons?

[Assistant] I need to find NBA teams and the number of seasons they have won. First, I need to find the property for the NBA championship.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Hoopla artist ID, also known as hoopladigital.com (wd:P6868 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for an individual on Hoopla
2. sports discipline competed in, also known as sport discipline competed in, weight class competed in, sports event, sports disciplines competed in, sports discipline (wd:P2416 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): discipline an athlete competed in within a sport, field of work
3. NBA.com player ID (wd:P3647 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a basketball player on the National Basketball Association's website
4. statistical leader, also known as most valuable player, MVP, record setter, statistical leader (wd:P3279 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): leader of a sports tournament in one of statistical qualities (points, assists, rebounds etc.).
5. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
6. Eurobasket.com coach ID, also known as eurobasket.com coach identifier, eurobasket.com ID, eurobasket.com identifier, eurobasket ID (wd:P6865 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a basketball coach at Eurobasket.com
7. Eurobasket.com player ID, also known as Eurobasket.com ID, eurobasket.com identifier (wd:P3527 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): ID for a basketball player at Eurobasket.com
8. Basketball Reference NBA player ID, also known as Basketball-Reference.com NBA player ID, BRCNBA (wd:P2685 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a NBA player on the Basketball Reference website
9. LNB Élite player ID, also known as French basketball championship ID (new schema), French basketball championship ID identifier (new schema) (wd:P11344 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): new schema for the identifiers of the French league of basketball
10. competition won, also known as won event, won, winner of, victory (wd:P2522 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): competition or sports event won by the subject, participant in

[Assistant] The property "competition won" (wdt:P2522) seems like a good fit. I will search for NBA championship to see if it is an instance of competition.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. NBA Championship ring, also known as The NBA Championship (wd:Q18156668): Championship ring for winning the NBA Finals
2. Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy, also known as Larry O'Brien NBA Championship Trophy (wd:Q31736): basketball trophy
3. 1957 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1957 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1957 NBA Finals, 1957 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q3072448): 1957 basketball championship series
4. 1952 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1952 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1952 NBA Finals, 1952 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q4567490): 1952 basketball championship series
5. 1950 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1950 National Basketball Association Finals, 1950 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1950 NBA Finals, first NBA Finals (wd:Q4566866): basketball championship series of the first National Basketball ...iation season (1st annual NBA finale, officially the 4th annual)
6. 1951 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1951 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1951 NBA Finals, 1951 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q4567168): 1951 basketball championship series
7. 1985 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1985 National Basketbal Association World Championship Series, 1985 National Basketball Association Finals, 1985 NBA Finals (wd:Q3072478): 1985 basketball championship series
8. 1983 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1983 NBA Finals, Showdown '83, 1983 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1983 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q2886405): 1983 basketball championship series
9. 1984 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1984 National Basketball Association Finals, 1984 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1984 NBA Finals, Showdown '84 (wd:Q3072477): 1984 basketball championship series
10. 1987 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1987 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1987 NBA Finals, 1987 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q3072482): 1987 basketball championship series

[Assistant] I will use "NBA Finals" (wd:Q3072448) as an example and check its properties.

[Tool]
Got 59 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                          | property                  | object                                                         |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | instance of (wdt:P31)     | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375)                                        |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | country (wdt:P17)         | United States (wd:Q30)                                         |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | location (wdt:P276)       | Boston Garden (wd:Q894567)                                     |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | sport (wdt:P641)          | basketball (wd:Q5372)                                          |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | official name (wdt:P1448) | 1957 National Basketball Association World Championship Series |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | follows (wdt:P155)        | 1956 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q4568729)               |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | followed by (wdt:P156)    | 1958 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072447)               |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | point in time (wdt:P585)  | 1957-01-01T00:00:00Z                                           |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | winner (wdt:P1346)        | Boston Celtics (wd:Q131371)                                    |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)    | /m/0cs2n0                                                      |
| ...                                              | ...                       | ...                                                            |

[Assistant] The property "winner" (wdt:P1346) is what I need. Now I can construct the query.

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?team                              | ?wins |
| ---------------------------------- | ----- |
| Boston Celtics (wd:Q131371)        | 17    |
| Los Angeles Lakers (wd:Q121783)    | 16    |
| Chicago Bulls (wd:Q128109)         | 6     |
| San Antonio Spurs (wd:Q159729)     | 5     |
| Golden State Warriors (wd:Q157376) | 4     |
| ...                                | ...   |
| Atlanta Hawks (wd:Q159893)         | 1     |
| Washington Wizards (wd:Q169165)    | 1     |
| Dallas Mavericks (wd:Q132893)      | 1     |
| Seattle SuperSonics (wd:Q235326)   | 1     |
| Baltimore Bullets (wd:Q2928124)    | 1     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?height WHERE {
  wd:Q4176 wdt:P2048 ?height .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?height |
| ------- |
| 157     |

The height of the Cologne Cathedral is 157 meters.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How high is the Cologne Cathedral ?

[Assistant]
Okay, I need to find the height of the Cologne Cathedral.
First, I need to find the entity ID of the Cologne Cathedral.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cologne Cathedral, also known as High Cathedral of St. Peter (wd:Q4176): Roman-Catholic cathedral in Cologne, Germany
2. Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q20891184): painting by Oskar Kokoschka
3. Cologne Cathedral Seal (wd:Q1795817): part of Cologne Cathedral
4. Baptistry Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q106498805)
5. Cologne Cathedral, 1869 (wd:Q119111134): painting by James Webb (1835–1895), Bristol Museum & Art Gallery
6. Bells of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q1795814)
7. Finials of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q1408999): cologne cathedral
8. Organs of Cologne Cathedral, also known as Organs in Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q7102106)
9. The Beggar from Cologne Cathedral, also known as Beggar from Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q15241065): 1927 film by Rolf Randolf
10. Surroundings of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q65233962): cologne Cathedral surroundings

[Assistant] The Cologne Cathedral is wd:Q4176. Now I need to find the property for its height.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as wdt/p): vertical length of an entity, length
2. length, also known as size, long, LOA, distance, dimension (wd:P2043 as wdt/p): measured dimension of an object
3. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdt/p): area occupied by an object
4. width, also known as breadth, bus width, size (wd:P2049 as wdt/p): width of an object, length
5. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as wdt/p): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
6. located on street, also known as on street, street address, street, square, road (wd:P669 as wdt/p): street, road, or square, where the item is located. To add the n...perty P6375 "street address", if there is no item for the street, location, part of
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. image of design plans, also known as plan view image, plan view, plan image, floor plan, design plan (wd:P3311 as wdt/p): image representing the plan of a building or place, detail map
10. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

No other items found

[Assistant] The property for height is wd:P2048. Now I can construct the query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?height |
| ------- |
| 157     |

[Assistant] The height of the Cologne Cathedral is 157 meters.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


Unable to reliably determine the number of General Secretaries before Leonid Brezhnev using SPARQL queries. The available data is incomplete and does not allow for accurate filtering based on term start and end dates.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many General Secretaries of the CPSU were there before Leonid Brezhnev?

[Assistant] First, I need to find the entity for the "Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (CPSU).

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Communist Party of the Soviet Union, also known as Bolshevik Party, CPSU, RCP(b), Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (wd:Q79854): Marxist–Leninist founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union
2. Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q4229911): Political party founded in 2001
3. Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q3701765): Political party founded in 1992
4. Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q2415599): supreme decision-making body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
5. The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, also known as A Short History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q2657367): history book commissioned by Joseph Stalin
6. ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q13574353): soviet Union Communist Russian party government
7. Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q7248428)
8. Charter of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q4478159)
9. Organisation of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q11315556)
10. Purges of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q6591430): series of political events

[Assistant] The correct entity is "Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q79854)". Now I need to find the entity for "Leonid Brezhnev".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Leonid Brezhnev, also known as Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (wd:Q765165): General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1906–1982), military personnel, politician, engineer, surveyor
2. Admiral Kuznetsov, also known as Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov, aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, Leonid Brezhnev, Riga, Tbilisi (wd:Q274924): 1985 Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier
3. Starry Metropolis, also known as Neptune, Olivia, IMO 7359498, Kareliya, Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q22968553): ship built in 1976
4. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47510509): painting by Boris Chaliapin
5. Leonid Brezhnev, also known as Whiskey on the Rocks Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q131583282): Leonid Brezhnev as depicted in television series Whiskey on the Rocks, politician
6. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q58345911): Scientific article (April 2014)
7. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47511657): painting by Harvey Simpson
8. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47510378): painting by Burton Philip Silverman
9. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47509621): painting by Boris Artzybasheff
10. Yuri Brezhnev, also known as Yuri Leonidovich Brezhnev (wd:Q8061482): Soviet politician (1933-2013), politician

[Assistant] The correct entity is "Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165)". Now I need to find the property for "General Secretary of the CPSU".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as wdt/p): person linked to the item in any possible way
2. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as wdt/p): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
3. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt/p): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
4. allegiance, also known as ally of, fidelity, loyal to, loyalty, supporter of (wd:P945 as wdt/p): country (or other power) that the person or group serves
5. candidacy in election, also known as ran in election, running in election, election candidacy, candidate in election, candidate in (wd:P3602 as wdt/p): election where the subject is a candidate, participant in
6. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as wdt/p): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
9. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as wdt/p): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
10. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "position held (wd:P39)" seems relevant. Let's check the objects of this property for Leonid Brezhnev.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property                | object                                                                             |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (wdt:P39) | General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q1048744)         |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (wdt:P39) | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (wd:Q2355240)  |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (wdt:P39) | member of the Supreme Soviet of ...et Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q42530449) |

[Assistant]
The entity for "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" is "wd:Q1048744". Now I can build the SPARQL query. I want to find all the people who held the position of "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" before Leonid Brezhnev.
```sparql
SELECT ?person WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?person wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
  wd:Q765165 wdt:P569 ?brezhnevBirthDate .
  FILTER (?birthDate < ?brezhnevBirthDate)
}
```
I need to refine the query to count the number of people.
```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?person) AS ?count) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?person wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
  wd:Q765165 wdt:P569 ?brezhnevBirthDate .
  FILTER (?birthDate < ?brezhnevBirthDate)
}
```
This query counts all general secretaries whose birth date is before Brezhnev's birth date. This is not exactly what the question asks, but it's a good starting point. Let's execute it.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 2      |

[Assistant]
The query returns 2. However, this is not correct. We need to find the start time of their term as General Secretary.
```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?person) AS ?count) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?statement ps:P39 ?person .
  ?statement pq:P580 ?startDate .
  wd:Q765165 wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?brezhnevStatement ps:P39 wd:Q765165 .
  ?brezhnevStatement pq:P580 ?brezhnevStartDate .
  FILTER (?startDate < ?brezhnevStartDate)
}
```
This query finds the start date of each General Secretary and compares it to the start date of Brezhnev's term.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 0      |

[Assistant]
The query returns 0. This is likely because the start dates are not always available. Let's try to find the general secretaries and their order.
```sparql
SELECT ?person ?personLabel WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". }
}
```
I cannot use SERVICE wikibase:label. I will use rdfs:label instead.
```sparql
SELECT ?person ?personLabel WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
  FILTER (LANG(?personLabel) = "en")
}
```

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 2 columns:
| ?person                            | ?personLabel          |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Volodymyr Ivashko (wd:Q1065213)    | Volodymyr Ivashko     |
| Constantine Chernenko (wd:Q127442) | Constantine Chernenko |
| Mikhail Gorbachev (wd:Q30487)      | Mikhail Gorbachev     |
| Nikita Khrushchev (wd:Q35314)      | Nikita Khrushchev     |
| Yuri Andropov (wd:Q44071)          | Yuri Andropov         |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165)       | Leonid Brezhnev       |
| Joseph Stalin (wd:Q855)            | Joseph Stalin         |

[Assistant]
The query returns 7 general secretaries. The list is: Volodymyr Ivashko, Constantine Chernenko, Mikhail Gorbachev, Nikita Khrushchev, Yuri Andropov, Leonid Brezhnev, and Joseph Stalin.
The general secretaries before Leonid Brezhnev are: Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev, Yuri Andropov, Constantine Chernenko, and Volodymyr Ivashko. However, Volodymyr Ivashko was only acting General Secretary for a very short time.
The question asks for the number of General Secretaries *before* Leonid Brezhnev. So we exclude Brezhnev himself.
The General Secretaries before Brezhnev are: Stalin, Khrushchev, Andropov, Chernenko, and Ivashko.
However, Ivashko was acting general secretary for a very short time in 1991, after Gorbachev. So, we should exclude him.
Therefore, the answer is 3: Stalin, Khrushchev, and Andropov.

I need to refine the query to exclude Volodymyr Ivashko. I can do this by adding a filter on the end date of their term.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| ?person                            | ?personLabel          | ?endDate |
| ---------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------- |
| Volodymyr Ivashko (wd:Q1065213)    | Volodymyr Ivashko     |          |
| Constantine Chernenko (wd:Q127442) | Constantine Chernenko |          |
| Mikhail Gorbachev (wd:Q30487)      | Mikhail Gorbachev     |          |
| Nikita Khrushchev (wd:Q35314)      | Nikita Khrushchev     |          |
| Yuri Andropov (wd:Q44071)          | Yuri Andropov         |          |
| Joseph Stalin (wd:Q855)            | Joseph Stalin         |          |

[Assistant]
The end dates are not available. I will use the start date instead.
```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?person) AS ?count) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?statement ps:P39 ?person .
  ?statement pq:P580 ?startDate .
  wd:Q765165 wdt:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?brezhnevStatement ps:P39 wd:Q765165 .
  ?brezhnevStatement pq:P580 ?brezhnevStartDate .
  FILTER (?startDate < ?brezhnevStartDate)
  FILTER (?person != wd:Q1065213)
}
```

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 0      |

[Assistant] I am unable to reliably determine the number of General Secretaries before Leonid Brezhnev using SPARQL queries. The available data is incomplete and does not allow for accurate filtering based on term start and end dates.

[Tool] Stopped generation process