PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?album ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q41076 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 203    |

Mariah Carey performs on 203 albums.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] On how many albums does Mariah Carey perform?

[Assistant] I need to find the property that links a performer to an album. I will start by searching for properties related to "performer" and "album" for the entity "Mariah Carey".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
5. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt/p): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
6. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as wdt/p): main Wikimedia category
7. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
8. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
9. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
10. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in

No other items found

[Assistant] The previous search did not return any relevant properties. I will try searching for properties related to "performer" and "album" in general.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
4. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
5. setlist, also known as set list, works performed, songs performed, performances, performance list (wd:P9793 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): performances of songs or other music at an event; concert program, presented works
6. recordist, also known as audio recorder, audio recordist, recorded by, video recorder, video recordist (wd:P10893 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the person or other agent who recorded the audio and/or video for this file
7. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb
8. catalogue raisonné, also known as reasoned catalogue, artist catalogue, artist catalog, Art Catalog (wd:P9969 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media., catalog
9. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
10. AllMusic performance ID, also known as performance ID (AllMusic) (wd:P6306 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a recording of a performance in AllMusic

[Assistant] I found the property "performer" (wdt:P175). Now I will construct a query to find the albums Mariah Carey performed on and count them.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 0      |

[Assistant] The query returned 0. This might be because the albums are not directly linked to the performer using the "performer" property. I will try to find the albums where Mariah Carey is the "creator".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as wdt/p): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
8. MusicBrainz artist ID, also known as MB artist ID, MBID artist (wd:P434 as wdtn/wdt/p): identifier for an artist in the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia
9. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as wdt/p): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
10. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of

No other items found

[Assistant] The previous search did not return any relevant properties. I will try to find the albums where Mariah Carey is the "author".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
4. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as wdt/p): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
5. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as wdt/p): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
6. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
7. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
9. SHARE Catalogue author ID, also known as SHARE author ID, SHARE Catalogue author identifier (wd:P3987 as wdt/p): identifier for authors in SHARE Catalogue, a linked data federated catalogue of several Southern Italy universities
10. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

No other items found

[Assistant] The previous search did not return any relevant properties. I will try to find the albums where Mariah Carey is the "musical artist".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as wdt/p): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. MusicBrainz artist ID, also known as MB artist ID, MBID artist (wd:P434 as wdtn/wdt/p): identifier for an artist in the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia
4. movement, also known as subculture, trend, scientific movement, school, philosophical movement (wd:P135 as wdt/p): literary, artistic, scientific or philosophical movement or scen...ed with this person or work. For political ideologies use P1142.
5. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
6. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
10. LyricsTranslate ID, also known as LyricsTranslate, LyricsTranslate identifier (wd:P7212 as wdt/p): identifier on LyricsTranslate

No other items found

[Assistant] I will try to search for "Mariah Carey" as the object of the property "musical work".

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

No literal items found

[Assistant] I will try to search for "Mariah Carey" as the object of the property "record label".

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

No literal items found

[Assistant] I will try a different approach. I will search for the property "has part" and see if I can find albums as parts of Mariah Carey's discography.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
2. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
3. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by
4. proportion, also known as %, share, ratio, part, percent (wd:P1107 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): to be used as a qualifier, value must be between 0 and 1
5. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
6. depicted part, also known as part depicted, part shown, shown part (wd:P5961 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): use as qualifier for "depicts" (P180)
7. parent organization, also known as parent company, parent institution, parent organisation, parent unit, part of (wd:P749 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): parent organization of an organization, opposite of subsidiaries (P355), owned by, part of
8. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
9. number of parts of this work, also known as number of movements, number of parts of this work of art, number of pictures, number of scenes, number of segments of anthology film (wd:P2635 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the number of parts that a work comprises
10. does not have part, also known as does not include, doesn't have, has part missing, lacks, missing (wd:P3113 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): expected part that the item does not have (for qualities, use P6477)

[Assistant] I found the property "has part" (wdt:P527). I will now search for Mariah Carey's discography and then find its parts.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mariah Carey, also known as Queen of Christmas, Mirage, Songbird Supreme, Reina de la navidad, Carey (wd:Q41076): American singer and songwriter (born 1969), music video director, singer-songwriter, recording artist, philanthropist, businessperson, film director, film producer, DJ producer, voice actor, entertainer, composer, singer, model, actor
2. Mariah Carey (wd:Q732845): 1990 debut studio album by Mariah Carey
3. WikiProject Mariah Carey (wd:Q21830328): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration
4. Here Is Mariah Carey (wd:Q836551): VHS and DVD by Mariah Carey
5. The Essential Mariah Carey (wd:Q3235035): 2011 compilation album by Mariah Carey
6. M, also known as M By Mariah Carey (wd:Q690434): women's fragrance from Elizabeth Arden
7. Mariah Carey: DVD Collection (wd:Q3282698): album by Mariah Carey
8. Mariah Carey: Her Story (wd:Q131320674): book by the British writer Chris Nickson
9. Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464): album by Mariah Carey
10. Why Mariah Carey Matters (wd:Q131160633): book written by Andrew Chan

[Assistant] I couldn't find an entity for "Mariah Carey discography". I will try to find all entities that are albums and have Mariah Carey as a performer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 0      |

[Assistant] I will try to find all entities that are studio albums and have Mariah Carey as a performer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 0      |

[Assistant] I will try to find all entities that are albums by Mariah Carey and count them.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 0      |

[Assistant] I'm still getting 0. I will try to find the albums directly associated with Mariah Carey.

[Tool]
Got 464 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                         | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | writer (wd:Q36180)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Resul (wd:Q20001986)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1923-09-08T00:00:00Z                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Rasul Gamzatov                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20Great%20Avar%20poet%20Hamzatil%20Rasul.jpg> |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Russia (wd:Q159)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Tsada (wd:Q18279705)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | date of death (wdt:P570)         | 2003-11-03T00:00:00Z                                                                                |
| ...                        | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] My apologies, I seem to be having trouble with the entity ID. I will correct it.

[Tool]
Got 464 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                         | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | writer (wd:Q36180)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Resul (wd:Q20001986)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1923-09-08T00:00:00Z                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Rasul Gamzatov                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The%20Great%20Avar%20poet%20Hamzatil%20Rasul.jpg> |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Russia (wd:Q159)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Tsada (wd:Q18279705)                                                                                |
| Rasul Gamzatov (wd:Q36878) | date of death (wdt:P570)         | 2003-11-03T00:00:00Z                                                                                |
| ...                        | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I am still using the wrong entity. I will search for the correct entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mariah Carey, also known as Queen of Christmas, Mirage, Songbird Supreme, Reina de la navidad, Carey (wd:Q41076): American singer and songwriter (born 1969), music video director, singer-songwriter, recording artist, philanthropist, businessperson, film director, film producer, DJ producer, voice actor, entertainer, composer, singer, model, actor
2. Mariah Carey (wd:Q732845): 1990 debut studio album by Mariah Carey
3. WikiProject Mariah Carey (wd:Q21830328): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration
4. Here Is Mariah Carey (wd:Q836551): VHS and DVD by Mariah Carey
5. The Essential Mariah Carey (wd:Q3235035): 2011 compilation album by Mariah Carey
6. M, also known as M By Mariah Carey (wd:Q690434): women's fragrance from Elizabeth Arden
7. Mariah Carey: DVD Collection (wd:Q3282698): album by Mariah Carey
8. Mariah Carey: Her Story (wd:Q131320674): book by the British writer Chris Nickson
9. Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464): album by Mariah Carey
10. Why Mariah Carey Matters (wd:Q131160633): book written by Andrew Chan

[Assistant] The correct entity is wd:Q41076.

[Tool]
Got 1,128 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                  | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | actor (wd:Q33999)                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Mariah (wd:Q20899041)                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1969-03-27T00:00:00Z                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Mariah Carey                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mariah%20Carey%20Library%20of%20Congress%202023%202%20%28cropped%2902.jpg> |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Carey (wd:Q5039154)                                                                                |
| Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Huntington (wd:Q999123)                                                                                |
| ...                      | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 203    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?character ?birthDate ?deathDate ( YEAR( ?deathDate ) - YEAR( ?birthDate ) AS ?age ) WHERE {
  VALUES ?character {
    wd:Q713701 wd:Q1057918
  }
  ?character wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
  ?character wdt:P570 ?deathDate .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?deathDate ) - YEAR( ?birthDate ) > 0 )
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?age )

Bellatrix Lestrange lived longer than Sirius Black.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who lives longer, series black or bellatrix Lestrange?

[Assistant] I need to find the lifespan of Sirius Black and Bellatrix Lestrange and then compare them. First, I need to find the Wikidata identifiers for these two characters.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sirius Black, also known as Padfoot, Snuffles, Sirius Black III (wd:Q713701): fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, vigilante
2. Sirius Black I, also known as Sirius Black (wd:Q15269539): fictional character in the Harry Potter series
3. Sirius Black II (wd:Q15269521): fictional character of the Harry Potter series
4. black, also known as blackness (wd:Q23445): darkest color
5. Sirius, also known as 9 Canis Majoris, HD 48915 (wd:Q3409): binary star system in the constellation of Canis Major
6. Black, also known as Black, AL (wd:Q66825): town in Alabama, United States
7. Black (wd:Q504409): English pop singer (1962–2016), singer-songwriter, singer
8. Black (wd:Q515416): 2005 film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali
9. Black, also known as Black (2006 video game), Black (video game) (wd:Q880040): 2006 first-person shooter video game
10. Black, also known as Beulraek (wd:Q38226507): 2017 South Korean TV series

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918): fictional character of the Harry Potter series, terrorist, magician, murderer
2. Bellatrix, also known as 24 Orionis, Gamma Orionis (wd:Q13066): star in the constellation Orion
3. Lestrange (wd:Q36864844): family name
4. Bellatrix, also known as Kolrassa Krókríðandi (wd:Q4883546): band
5. Bellatrix (wd:Q10427866): given name
6. Bellatrix (wd:Q129168077): French naval vessel
7. Bellatrix, also known as IMO 7043465 (wd:Q106678075): ship built in 1971
8. Bellatrix, also known as IMO 7820203 (wd:Q97996446): tugboat built in 1981
9. Lisbeth, also known as IMO 7233668, Thies, Carolina, Bellatrix (wd:Q115597773): ship built in 1972
10. Bellatrix (wd:Q103909859): shipwreck off the Scottish coast

[Assistant] The Wikidata identifier for Sirius Black is wd:Q713701 and for Bellatrix Lestrange is wd:Q1057918. Now I need to find the birth and death dates for both characters. I will start by querying for Sirius Black.

[Tool]
Got 389 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                   | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | animagus (wd:Q830248)                                                                         |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | vigilante (wd:Q3190387)                                                                       |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                            |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | given name (p:P735)              | s:Q713701-50493C2B-C763-43EC-AB19-18BDBE729026                                                |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z                                                                          |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Sirius Black                                                                                |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sirius%20Black%20fanart%20-%20Cor-Sa.jpg> |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                                      |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Black (wd:Q2662465)                                                                           |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Black family (wd:Q804258)                                                                     |
| ...                       | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I found the date of birth (wdt:P569) which is 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z. Now I need to find the date of death (wdt:P570).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                   | property                 | object               |
| ------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701) | date of death (wdt:P570) | 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z |

[Assistant] The date of death for Sirius Black is 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z. Now I need to find the birth and death dates for Bellatrix Lestrange.

[Tool]
Got 365 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property                         | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | literary character (wd:Q3658341)                                                             |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | terrorist (wd:Q12414919)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                                         |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Bellatrix (wd:Q10427866)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z                                                                         |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Bellatrix Lestrange                                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bellatrix%20Lestrange%20by%20Candra.jpg> |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                                     |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Black (wd:Q2662465)                                                                          |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Black family (wd:Q804258)                                                                    |
| ...                               | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] I found the date of birth (wdt:P569) which is 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z. Now I need to find the date of death (wdt:P570).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                           | property                 | object               |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | date of death (wdt:P570) | 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z |

[Assistant]
The date of death for Bellatrix Lestrange is 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z.

Sirius Black was born on 1959-11-03 and died on 1996-06-18.
Bellatrix Lestrange was born on 1951-01-01 and died on 1998-05-02.

Now I can construct a SPARQL query to retrieve this information and calculate the age.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?country ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 . MINUS {
    ?country wdt:P463 wd:Q1065 .
  }
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 6      |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many countries have never been members of the UN?

[Assistant] I need to find countries that have never been members of the UN. I can start by searching for the "member of the United Nations" property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. UN number, also known as UN code (wd:P695 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): four-digit number that identify hazardous substances and articles in the framework of international transport
2. UN/LOCODE, also known as LOCCODE, LOCODE, UNECE location code, UNECE LOCODE, United Nations location code (wd:P1937 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): geographic location code maintained by UNECE
3. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
4. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
5. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
6. United Nations Treaty Collection object ID, also known as UNTC objID (wd:P9966 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier in the United Nations database of treaties registered with the Secretariat
7. IAU member ID, also known as IAU member identifier, International Astronomical Union member identifier, International Astronomical Union member ID (wd:P9467 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for a member of the International Astronomical Union (IAU)
8. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
9. UN document symbol, also known as United Nations Document Codes (wd:P3069 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): unique number assigned to United Nations  documents
10. United Nations Treaty Series Volume Number, also known as UNTSVN, UNTS Volume Number (wd:P4222 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): volume number within the United Nations Treaty Series

[Assistant] The direct translation didn't work. I will try "member of" and see if I can filter for the United Nations later.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
2. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
3. members have occupation, also known as profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of, organisation for (wd:P3989 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): some or all members of this group share the occupation
4. member count, also known as total members, number of members, count of members, amount of members, membership (wd:P2124 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): number of entities that are part of an organization at a particular time
5. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
6. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
7. affiliation, also known as association, sister society, affiliated with, affiliated to, associated with (wd:P1416 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): organization that a person or organization is affiliated with (not necessarily member of or employed by)
8. member category, also known as category for members (wd:P6365 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): category item for members of the organization
9. represented by, also known as agent, managed by, manager, managing agent, rep (wd:P1875 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person or agency that represents or manages the subject
10. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time

[Assistant] `wdt:P463` (member of) seems like the best option. Now I need the entity for the United Nations.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Nations, also known as the U.N., the UN, U.N., UN, United Nations Organization (wd:Q1065): global international and intergovernmental organization
2. United Nations (wd:Q7888317): American band
3. United Nations (wd:Q7888316): United Nations album
4. United Nations (wd:Q7888314): Rui En album
5. United Nations, also known as Canadian United, Canada United, Global United Nations Syndicate (wd:Q7888319): criminal gang who started in Vancouver, British Columbia
6. United Nations (wd:Q74063664): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 64023)
7. United Nations, also known as q Sm514 United Nations (wd:Q104713070): subject category of the 20th Century Press Archives
8. United Nations, also known as Star Trek UN, Star Trek United Nations, UN (wd:Q111240888): United Nations as depicted in the Star Trek multiverse
9. United Nations (wd:L620589-S1)
10. United Nations (wd:L618606-F1)

[Assistant] `wd:Q1065` is the United Nations. Now I can build a query to find all countries that *are* members of the UN.

[Tool]
Got 231 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?country                                   |
| ------------------------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)                           |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)                      |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)                          |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007)                   |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)                     |
| ...                                        |
| Republic of the Congo (wd:Q971)            |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo (wd:Q974) |
| Djibouti (wd:Q977)                         |
| Equatorial Guinea (wd:Q983)                |
| Eritrea (wd:Q986)                          |

[Assistant] Now I need to find all countries and subtract the ones that are members of the UN. I can get a list of all countries using `wdt:P31 wd:Q6256`.

[Tool]
Got 197 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?country                                   |
| ------------------------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)                           |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)                      |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)                          |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007)                   |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)                     |
| ...                                        |
| Comoros (wd:Q970)                          |
| Republic of the Congo (wd:Q971)            |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo (wd:Q974) |
| Djibouti (wd:Q977)                         |
| Eritrea (wd:Q986)                          |

[Assistant] Now I can combine these two queries using `MINUS` to find the countries that are not members of the UN.

[Tool]
Got 21 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| ?country                     |
| ---------------------------- |
| Chinland (wd:Q124153644)     |
| Ashkenaz (wd:Q124535978)     |
| Havilah (wd:Q124536190)      |
| Kosovo (wd:Q1246)            |
| Persia (wd:Q125422413)       |
| ...                          |
| Denmark (wd:Q35)             |
| Tarshish (wd:Q44826)         |
| Netherlands (wd:Q55)         |
| Mallabhum (wd:Q6744020)      |
| Bharatpur State (wd:Q854850) |

[Assistant] The query returns some unexpected results like "Denmark" and "Netherlands". This is likely because these are also instances of country, but are also something else. I need to filter for countries that are *only* countries. I can use `FILTER NOT EXISTS` to exclude entities that are also something else.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| ?country                        |
| ------------------------------- |
| Persia (wd:Q125422413)          |
| Kerajaan Patipi (wd:Q126362486) |
| Chaumontois (wd:Q2961631)       |

[Assistant] The result still contains some strange entities. I will try to get the count of countries that are not members of the UN.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 21     |

[Assistant] I will try to refine the query by adding a label to the country and filtering for entities that are sovereign states.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] The `SERVICE wikibase:label` is not working. I will use `rdfs:label` instead.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 1 column:
| ?countryLabel                |
| ---------------------------- |
| First Republic of Seychelles |
| Lechia                       |
| French Fifth Republic        |
| State of Palestine           |
| Vatican City                 |
| Mallabhum                    |

[Assistant] Now I will try to get the count of sovereign states that are not members of the UN.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 6      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
ASK {
  wd:Q76641 wdt:P800 wd:Q315296
}

Felix Klein

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who wrote the Erlangen program?

[Assistant] Okay, let's start by identifying the entity "Erlangen program". I will use the `search_entity` tool to find the corresponding Wikidata identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry
2. computer program, also known as program, software program (wd:Q40056): sequence of instructions written in programming language to perform a specified task with a computer
3. Erlangen, also known as Medical Valley (wd:Q3126): city in Bavaria, Germany
4. project, also known as effort, program, programme (wd:Q170584): collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim
5. plan, also known as plans, program, programme (wd:Q1371819): outline of a strategy for achievement of an objective
6. programme, also known as program (wd:Q1508646): informational booklet given out before a live event
7. The Program, also known as Icon, Program (wd:Q15615185): 2015 film
8. educational program, also known as programme, program, educational programme (wd:Q5341296): program written by the institution of education which determines the learning progress of individuals
9. Erlangen, also known as Erlangen station (wd:Q800737): railway halt in the urban district of Erlangen, Middle Franconia, Germany
10. The Program, also known as Program (wd:Q826289): 1993 film by David S. Ward

[Assistant] The search result shows that "Erlangen program" refers to the research program on the symmetries of geometry, with the Wikidata identifier `wd:Q315296`. Now I need to find the property that represents the author or writer of a program. I will use `search_property_of_entity` to search for properties related to "author" or "creator" for the entity "Erlangen program".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
2. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
3. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
4. Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID, also known as Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wd:P9621 as wdt/p): identifier for a topic in Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica, an Italian encyclopedia regarding mathematics
5. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
6. ProofWiki ID, also known as Proof Wiki ID (wd:P6781 as wdt/p): identifier for a ProofWiki article
7. Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID, also known as Encyclopedia of China ID (Third Edition) (wd:P10565 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition)
8. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as wdt/p): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for "author" didn't return any relevant properties. Let's try searching for "creator" instead.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
3. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
4. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
5. ProofWiki ID, also known as Proof Wiki ID (wd:P6781 as wdt/p): identifier for a ProofWiki article
6. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as wdt/p): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no luck with "creator". Since the Erlangen program is a mathematical work, let's try searching for properties related to "author" in the context of mathematical works. I'll search for properties of the entity "mathematical work" (wd:Q55905577) related to "author".

[Tool]
No property items found

No other items found

[Assistant] That didn't work either. Let's try a more general approach. I'll search for properties related to "author" without specifying an entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant] The property `wdt:P50` (author) seems like the most appropriate property. Let's use it in a query to find the author of the Erlangen program.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query returned no results. This could mean that the author is not directly linked to the Erlangen program using the `wdt:P50` property. Let's try a broader approach by searching for any property that links the Erlangen program to a person.

[Tool]
Got 123 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                                                | object                                         |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                   | research (wd:Q42240)                           |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                  | /m/01k8tb                                      |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Microsoft Academic ID (wdtn:P6366)                      | <https://makg.org/entity/111593780>            |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (wdt:P1417)           | topic/Erlanger-program                         |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Lex ID (wdt:P8313)                                      | Erlangen-programmet                            |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (wdt:P10565)   | 318393                                         |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | nLab ID (wdt:P4215)                                     | Erlangen program                               |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | ProofWiki ID (wdt:P6781)                                | Definition:Erlangen_Program                    |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wdt:P9621) | programma-di-erlangen                          |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | schema:description                                      | research program on the symmetries of geometry |
| ...                           | ...                                                     | ...                                            |

[Assistant] The list of properties doesn't directly reveal the author. However, it shows that the Erlangen program is an instance of research (wd:Q42240). Let's search for properties related to "author" or "creator" for the entity "research" (wd:Q42240).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
2. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
3. practiced by, also known as proponent, studied by, practitioners, practioner, occupation of this field (wd:P3095 as wdt/p): type of agents that study this subject or work in this field
4. subreddit, also known as r/, reddit, Reddit community ID, Reddit forum, Reddit sub ID (wd:P3984 as wdt/p): name of the Reddit forum associated to this subject
5. studied in, also known as is studied by, studied by, science, that studies, researched in, researched by (wd:P2579 as wdt/p): subject is studied by this science or domain, field of work
6. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
9. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt/p): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
10. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no direct "author" property. Let's go back to the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) and try searching for properties related to "developer" or "originator".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
3. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as wdt/p): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk
4. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
5. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
3. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
4. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
5. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as wdt/p): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk
6. ProofWiki ID, also known as Proof Wiki ID (wd:P6781 as wdt/p): identifier for a ProofWiki article

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no luck. Let's try searching for "formulated by".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
3. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as wdt/p): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
4. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as wdt/p): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk
5. Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID, also known as Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wd:P9621 as wdt/p): identifier for a topic in Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica, an Italian encyclopedia regarding mathematics
6. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as wdt/p): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica

No other items found

[Assistant] Still no luck. It seems that there is no direct property that links the Erlangen program to its author. Let's try to find the author by searching for the term "Erlangen program" and "author" together.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry
2. Code stylometry, also known as program authorship attribution, source code authorship analysis (wd:Q56275944): application of stylometry to computer code
3. Program test authority (wd:Q7248436): after a construction permit but before a broadcast license
4. Authoritative Recommendations Program (wd:Q119013299): publication published in 2022
5. Authorized Program Analysis Report, also known as APAR (wd:Q48803269): An APAR (Authorized Program Analysis Report) is an IBM designati... to identify situations that could result in potential problems.
6. Microsoft Authorized Refurbisher Program, also known as MAR (wd:Q15835159): program by Microsoft
7. Book and Author Programme (wd:Q131933547)
8. Computer program detects author gender (wd:Q128190724): scholarly article
9. Authoritative Recommendations Program (superseded) (wd:Q66475694): superseded NIOSH program performance one-pager published in 2018
10. Authoritative Recommendations Program (superseded) (wd:Q112236315): superseded publication published in 2021

[Assistant] The search result doesn't directly give the author. Let's try searching for "Felix Klein" as he is known to be associated with the Erlangen program.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Felix Klein, also known as Felix Christian Klein, F. Klein, Christian Felix Klein (wd:Q76641): German mathematician, author of the Erlangen Program (1849-1925), historian of mathematics, university teacher, mathematician, politician, publisher
2. Félix Klein (wd:Q16750728): Catholic priest, French priest
3. Felix Klein (wd:Q52062894): diplomat, jurist
4. Felix Klein (wd:Q106618632): photograph by Georg Brokesch
5. Felix Klein (wd:Q120614781): German film producer, film producer
6. Felix Klein (wd:Q27526592): chess player
7. Felix Klein (wd:Q95319364)
8. Felix Klein, also known as F. Klein (wd:Q58181951): researcher, ORCID id # 0000-0002-3680-4735, researcher
9. Félix Klein (wd:Q133262954): Holocaust victim
10. Felix Klein Prize (wd:Q1403571)

[Assistant] The search result shows that Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) is the author of the Erlangen Program. Let's confirm this by querying Wikidata.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] The query failed. Let's try another approach. Let's check if `wdt:P50` (author) links Felix Klein to the Erlangen program.

[Tool] False

[Assistant] That's not it. Let's try `wdt:P170` (creator).

[Tool] False

[Assistant] Let's try `wdt:P800` (notable work).

[Tool] True

[Assistant] Okay, the query `ASK { wd:Q76641 wdt:P800 wd:Q315296 }` returns `True`, which means that the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) is a notable work (wdt:P800) of Felix Klein (wd:Q76641). Therefore, Felix Klein is the author of the Erlangen program.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?character ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?character wdt:P31 wd:Q95074 .
  ?character wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 .
  ?character wdt:P106 wd:Q11397897 .
}

There are 6 fictional female swordfighters.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many fictional female swordfighters are there?

[Assistant] Okay, this is a tricky question because it involves identifying fictional characters and their profession. I'll start by searching for "swordfighter" to see if there's a property or entity that represents this.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. swordfighter, also known as sword-fighter, swordsman, swordsmen, swordswoman (wd:Q11397897): person who fights with a sword
2. The tale of the sword - swords a...ordfighters in Bronze Age Europe (wd:Q56826244): scholarly article by Kristian Kristiansen published in November 2002
3. Tales of Hoards and Swordfighter...ia: The Brand New and the Broken (wd:Q58587763): scholarly article by Lene Melheim published in January 2014

[Assistant] Okay, "swordfighter" is an entity (wd:Q11397897). Now I need to find a way to identify fictional characters. I'll search for "fictional character".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. character, also known as fictional character (wd:Q95074): fictional human or non-human character in a narrative work of art
2. character in a fictitious work, also known as metafictional character, fictitious character, fictional character of an embedded story, fictional character in an embedded story, fictional character in a fictitious work (wd:Q65924737): fictional character that is considered fictional even in a fictional story
3. fictional character (wd:L503676-S1)
4. fictional character (wd:L477996-S2)
5. fictional character (wd:L1036130-S1)
6. (fictional) character (wd:L365768-S4)
7. Chochoł (fictional character) (wd:Q9190074)
8. fictional animal character, also known as fictional individual animal (wd:Q3542731): class of individual animals which are fictional
9. character poster, also known as fictional character poster (wd:Q27960097): advertisement poster focusing on a fictional character of a work
10. Ipurtargi (fictional character) (wd:Q64787191): Ipurtargi (fictional character) (by Genua / Lucas)

[Assistant] Okay, "fictional character" is wd:Q95074. Now I need to combine these two concepts and also filter for female characters. I'll start by finding the property for "sex or gender".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
2. grammatical gender, also known as gender (wd:P5185 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): grammatical gender of the word
3. requires grammatical feature, also known as grammatical feature required, required grammatical feature, requires case, requires mood, uses case (wd:P5713 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): grammatical features required or generally used with lexeme or form of lexeme
4. has grammatical gender, also known as grammatical genders, has genders (wd:P5109 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): specific form of noun class system of a language. Use qualifier ... subject of" (P805) to link to language specific item if present
5. personal pronoun, also known as gender pronoun, personal gender pronoun, personal pronouns, PGP, PGPs (wd:P6553 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): personal pronoun(s) this person goes by
6. semantic gender, also known as natural gender (wd:P10339 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): used when a word is only used to refer to people of this gender or to animals of this sex, independent of the grammatical gender
7. sexual orientation, also known as sexuality (wd:P91 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): the sexual orientation of the person relative to their declared ...r it has been widely agreed upon by historians after their death
8. female form of label, also known as female form of label (string), female gender sense, feminine form of label (wd:P2521 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): female form of name or title (for male use P3321)
9. male form of label, also known as male form of label (string), male gender sense, masculine form of label (wd:P3321 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): male form of name or title (for female use P2521)
10. GSSO ID, also known as Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation Ontology ID, GSSO identifier, Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation Ontology identifier (wd:P9827 as psv/ps/pq/pqn/prv/wdt/psn/p/pr/pqv/wdtn/prn): identifier for controlled vocabulary in the GSSO (Gender, Sex, and Sexual Orientation) ontology

[Assistant] The property for "sex or gender" is wdt:P21. Now I need to find the entity for "female".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. female organism, also known as ♀, female, female animal, female creature, sex — female (wd:Q43445): organism of the female sex
2. Female (wd:Q639354): 1933 Warner Bros. pre-code film
3. female, also known as female human, women, woman, lady, human female (wd:Q6581072): to be used in "sex or gender" (P21) to indicate that the human s...nder" (P10339) to indicate that a word refers to a female person
4. Female, also known as Fîmeiru ,(Female) (wd:Q5442715): 2005 film directed by Shinya Tsukamoto
5. The Female, also known as Female (wd:Q18708947): 1924 film by Sam Wood
6. female connector, also known as female contact, female fastener, female (wd:Q11659367): gender of connectors and fasteners
7. Female (wd:Q47128284): song by Keith Urban
8. Female (wd:Q5442717): 1933 novel by Donald Henderson Clarke
9. Female (wd:Q130232348): enemy type in the 2023 video game World of Horror
10. Female (wd:Q63650079): theatrical character in the play "Yerma"

[Assistant] The entity for "female" is wd:Q6581072. Now I can construct the SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 6      |

[Assistant] Okay, the query returned 6. I'll provide the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process