PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?statement ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q110719 p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q18130478 .
}

Using entities:
- member of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q18130478): is instance of position / is subclass of member of Landtag

Using properties:
- position held (wd:P39 as ps/p), also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held, etc.: subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 8 (xsd:int) |

Answer: Oskar Lafontaine was elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland 8 times.

Oskar Lafontaine was elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland 8 times.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?statement ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q110719 p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q18130478 .
}

Using entities:
- member of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q18130478): is instance of position / is subclass of member of Landtag

Using properties:
- position held (wd:P39 as ps/p), also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held, etc.: subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 8 (xsd:int) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] How many times was Oskar Lafontaine elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to find the entity for Oskar Lafontaine in Wikidata and then find the property or statement that indicates his elections as a Member of the Landtag of Saarland. Typically, elections or terms in office are represented by statements related to positions held (P39) with qualifiers for the specific office and the number of times or terms.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Oskar Lafontaine" in Wikidata.

Question: Oskar Lafontaine

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001): is instance of assassination attempt
2. Oscar Niemeyer (wd:Q134165, matched via Oskar Nimeĭer), also known as Filho, Oscar Niemeyer Soares, Oscard Niemeyer, Oscar Niemeyer Soares, Oscar Niemeyer Soares Filho, Oskar Nimeĭer, etc.: has occupation university teacher / Brazilian architect (1907-2012) / has occupation urban planner / has occupation politician / has occupation Architect / has occupation architect / has occupation designer / has occupation writer / is instance of human / Brazilian architect / Brazilian architect
3. Oskar Schindler (wd:Q60029): German industrialist and Holocaust rescuer (1908–1974) / has occupation resistance fighter / has occupation businessperson / has occupation industrialist / has occupation entrepreneur / has occupation Entrepreneur / has occupation salesperson / has occupation fabricator / is instance of human
4. Oscar I of Sweden (wd:Q52926, matched via Oskar), also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I: King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859 / King of Sweden and Norway / has occupation composer / has occupation monarch / has occupation Monarch / is instance of human
5. Oskar Kokoschka (wd:Q154260), also known as kokoschka, o. kokoschka, O. Kokoschka, Oscar Kokoschka: Austrian dramatic, painter and writer (1886–1980) / has occupation university teacher / has occupation graphic artist / has occupation visual artist / has occupation draftsperson / has occupation illustrator / has occupation Illustrator / has occupation playwright / has occupation designer / has occupation painter / has occupation writer / has occupation artist / has occupation drawer / is instance of human / has occupation poet
6. Oskar Werner (wd:Q84489): has occupation television actor / has occupation film director / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation stage actor / has occupation film actor / is instance of human / actor (1922-1984)
7. Oskar Schlemmer (wd:Q458816), also known as Oscar Schlemmer, Schlemmer: German painter, sculptor, designer and choreographer (1888–1943) / has occupation university teacher / has occupation costume designer / has occupation graphic artist / has occupation choreographer / has occupation scenographer / has occupation photographer / has occupation librettist / has occupation puppeteer / has occupation sculptor / has occupation designer / has occupation painter / is instance of human
8. Oskar Dirlewanger (wd:Q58681), also known as Oskar Paul Dirlewanger: German Nazi Military Army Officer and Waffen-SS Brigade Commander of the Dirlewanger Brigade / German Nazi military officer and SS Regiment/Brigade Commander  (1895–1945) / has occupation military officer / has occupation tax advisor / has occupation politician / has occupation officer / is instance of human
9. Oskar Potiorek (wd:Q93364): Austro-Hungarian politician (1853-1933) / has occupation military personnel / has occupation Military personnel / has occupation politician / is instance of human
10. Oskar Morgenstern (wd:Q94028): has occupation university teacher / Austrian economist (1902–1977) / has occupation mathematician / has occupation Economist / has occupation economist / is instance of human / Austrian economist / Austrian economist

[Assistant]
The entity for Oskar Lafontaine is not directly listed in the top 10 search results. The results show other persons named Oskar or Oscar but not Oskar Lafontaine specifically. I will try a more specific search query "Oskar Lafontaine politician" to find the correct entity.

Question: Oskar Lafontaine politician

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001): is instance of assassination attempt
2. politician (wd:Q82955), also known as pol, polit., political figure, political leader: person involved in politics, person who holds or seeks positions in government / person involved in politics, person who holds or seeks positions in government / person who holds or seeks positions in government / person who holds or seeks positions in government / is subclass of professional / is instance of profession
3. Jean de La Fontaine (wd:Q49496, matched via Jean de Lafontaine), also known as J. de La Fontaine, Jean de la Fontaine, Jean de Lafontaine: French poet, fabulist and writer (1621–1695) / has occupation children's writer / has occupation playwright / has occupation fabulist / has occupation lawyer / has occupation writer / is instance of human / has occupation poet
4. Oscar Niemeyer (wd:Q134165, matched via Oskar Nimeĭer), also known as Filho, Oscar Niemeyer Soares, Oscard Niemeyer, Oscar Niemeyer Soares, Oscar Niemeyer Soares Filho, Oskar Nimeĭer, etc.: has occupation university teacher / Brazilian architect (1907-2012) / has occupation urban planner / has occupation politician / has occupation architect / has occupation Architect / has occupation designer / has occupation writer / is instance of human / Brazilian architect / Brazilian architect
5. Oskar Schindler (wd:Q60029): German industrialist and Holocaust rescuer (1908–1974) / has occupation resistance fighter / has occupation businessperson / has occupation industrialist / has occupation Entrepreneur / has occupation entrepreneur / has occupation salesperson / has occupation fabricator / is instance of human
6. independent politician (wd:Q327591), also known as independent, independent candidate, independent member, non-partisan politician, nonpartisan politician: individual not affiliated to any political party / is instance of parliamentary grouping / is subclass of parliamentary grouping / is subclass of member of parliament / is subclass of politician
7. Oscar I of Sweden (wd:Q52926, matched via Oskar), also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I: King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859 / King of Sweden and Norway / has occupation composer / has occupation monarch / has occupation Monarch / is instance of human
8. Oskar Kokoschka (wd:Q154260), also known as kokoschka, o. kokoschka, O. Kokoschka, Oscar Kokoschka: Austrian dramatic, painter and writer (1886–1980) / has occupation university teacher / has occupation graphic artist / has occupation visual artist / has occupation draftsperson / has occupation illustrator / has occupation Illustrator / has occupation playwright / has occupation designer / has occupation painter / has occupation writer / has occupation artist / has occupation drawer / is instance of human / has occupation poet
9. Jerzy Stuhr (wd:Q55369, matched via Jerzy Oskar Stuhr), also known as Jerzy Oskar Stuhr: Polish film and theater actor and screenwriter (1947–2024) / Polish film and theater actor and screenwriter (1947–2024) / has occupation theatrical director / has occupation university teacher / has occupation theatre director / has occupation theatrologist / has occupation film director / has occupation drama teacher / has occupation educationist / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation stage actor / has occupation film actor / has occupation pedagogue / has occupation overseer / has occupation director / has occupation writer / has occupation actor / is instance of human
10. Oskar Werner (wd:Q84489): has occupation television actor / has occupation film director / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation stage actor / has occupation film actor / is instance of human / actor (1922-1984)

[Assistant]
The search still does not show a direct match for Oskar Lafontaine as an entity. I will try a different approach: I will search for the property "position held" (P39) with the query "Landtag of Saarland" to find the property for the position of Member of the Landtag of Saarland. Then I will check if Oskar Lafontaine held that position.

Question: position held

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held (wd:P39 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt), also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held, etc.: subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office / subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. position holder (wd:P1308 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position held by), also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by, P1308: persons who hold and/or held the position / persons who hold and/or held an office
3. office held by head of state (wd:P1906 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position held by head of state), also known as head of state, position held by head of state, state headed by, P1906: political office that is fulfilled by the head of state of this item
4. position held by head of the organization (wd:P2388 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via leader's position), also known as chairperson's postion, chief's position, directed by / from, headed by, head of the organization, etc.: position of the head of this item / position of the head of this item
5. ranking (wd:P1352 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position), also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank, etc.: subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group / the subject's position in the specified rank
6. coordinate location (wd:P625 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment / coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject
7. expression, gesture or body pose (wd:P6022 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position), also known as action, expression, facial expression, gesture, movement, etc.: qualifier on "depicts" (P180) for human position of an individual in an artwork
8. position played on team / speciality (wd:P413 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position), also known as fielding position, player position, position, position (on team), specialism, etc.: position the player plays. Samples: defenceman, pitcher, goalie / position the player plays. Samples: defenceman, pitcher, goalie / position or specialism of a player on a team
9. location (wd:P276 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via place held), also known as based in, city, from, held by, in, etc.: location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ... use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706. / location of the item, physical object or event is within. In ... use P131. In case of a distinct terrain feature use P706.
10. office held by head of government (wd:P1313 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via position held by head of government), also known as head of government's office, office of head of government, position held by head of government, position of head of government, title of head of government, etc.: political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item / political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item

[Assistant]
The property "position held" (wdt:P39) is the correct property to check for political offices held by a person. Next, I will search for the entity "Member of the Landtag of Saarland" to find the exact position entity. Then I will check if Oskar Lafontaine held that position.

Question: Member of the Landtag of Saarland

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. member of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q18130478): is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position
2. Member of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg (wd:Q17481175): is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position
3. member of the Landtag of Carinthia (wd:Q117428775), also known as Members of Landtag of Carinthia: is subclass of member of state parliament / is instance of elective office / is subclass of legislator / is instance of position
4. member of the Styrian state parliament (wd:Q25608222, matched via member of the landtag of Styria), also known as member of the landtag of Styria: legislator in the Landtag of the Austrian state of Styria / is subclass of member of state parliament / is instance of position
5. member of the Landtag of Liechtenstein (wd:Q21328607): is subclass of member of parliament / is instance of position
6. Member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein (wd:Q18130496): is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position
7. member of the Landtag of Brandenburg (wd:Q18556824): is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position
8. member of the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (wd:Q18327349), also known as member of the Landtag of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position
9. member of the Landtag of Saxony-Anhalt (wd:Q18559580): is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position
10. Member of the Landtag of Bavaria (wd:Q17586301): is subclass of member of Landtag / is instance of position

[Assistant]
The entity for "member of the Landtag of Saarland" is wd:Q18130478. Now I will find if Oskar Lafontaine held this position (wdt:P39) and count how many times. But first, I need to find the entity for Oskar Lafontaine. I will try a direct search for "Oskar Lafontaine" again to see if it appears now that I have more context.

Question: Oskar Lafontaine

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001): is instance of assassination attempt
2. Oscar Niemeyer (wd:Q134165, matched via Oskar Nimeĭer), also known as Filho, Oscar Niemeyer Soares, Oscard Niemeyer, Oscar Niemeyer Soares, Oscar Niemeyer Soares Filho, Oskar Nimeĭer, etc.: has occupation university teacher / Brazilian architect (1907-2012) / has occupation urban planner / has occupation politician / has occupation Architect / has occupation architect / has occupation designer / has occupation writer / is instance of human / Brazilian architect / Brazilian architect
3. Oskar Schindler (wd:Q60029): German industrialist and Holocaust rescuer (1908–1974) / has occupation resistance fighter / has occupation businessperson / has occupation industrialist / has occupation entrepreneur / has occupation Entrepreneur / has occupation salesperson / has occupation fabricator / is instance of human
4. Oscar I of Sweden (wd:Q52926, matched via Oskar), also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I: King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859 / King of Sweden and Norway / has occupation composer / has occupation monarch / has occupation Monarch / is instance of human
5. Oskar Kokoschka (wd:Q154260), also known as kokoschka, o. kokoschka, O. Kokoschka, Oscar Kokoschka: Austrian dramatic, painter and writer (1886–1980) / has occupation university teacher / has occupation graphic artist / has occupation visual artist / has occupation draftsperson / has occupation illustrator / has occupation Illustrator / has occupation playwright / has occupation designer / has occupation painter / has occupation writer / has occupation artist / has occupation drawer / is instance of human / has occupation poet
6. Oskar Werner (wd:Q84489): has occupation television actor / has occupation film director / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation stage actor / has occupation film actor / is instance of human / actor (1922-1984)
7. Oskar Schlemmer (wd:Q458816), also known as Oscar Schlemmer, Schlemmer: German painter, sculptor, designer and choreographer (1888–1943) / has occupation university teacher / has occupation costume designer / has occupation graphic artist / has occupation choreographer / has occupation scenographer / has occupation photographer / has occupation librettist / has occupation puppeteer / has occupation sculptor / has occupation designer / has occupation painter / is instance of human
8. Oskar Dirlewanger (wd:Q58681), also known as Oskar Paul Dirlewanger: German Nazi Military Army Officer and Waffen-SS Brigade Commander of the Dirlewanger Brigade / German Nazi military officer and SS Regiment/Brigade Commander  (1895–1945) / has occupation military officer / has occupation tax advisor / has occupation politician / has occupation officer / is instance of human
9. Oskar Potiorek (wd:Q93364): Austro-Hungarian politician (1853-1933) / has occupation military personnel / has occupation Military personnel / has occupation politician / is instance of human
10. Oskar Morgenstern (wd:Q94028): has occupation university teacher / Austrian economist (1902–1977) / has occupation mathematician / has occupation Economist / has occupation economist / is instance of human / Austrian economist / Austrian economist

[Assistant]
The entity for Oskar Lafontaine is still not directly found in the top search results. I will try a more specific approach by searching for entities with occupation "politician" and name "Oskar Lafontaine" or similar. I will search for entities with the name "Lafontaine" and check if one of them is Oskar Lafontaine.

Question: Lafontaine

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lafontaine (wd:Q16893891), also known as Lafontaine, Kansas, Lafontaine, KS: is instance of unincorporated community in the United States / human settlement in United States of America
2. Pierre Joseph Lafontaine (wd:Q3385620, matched via Lafontaine), also known as Delfontaine, Fontaine, Fontene, Lafonta, La Fontain, etc.: has occupation art collector / Belgian painter (1758-1835) / has occupation painter / is instance of human / Belgian painter / Belgian painter
3. LaFontaine (wd:Q3206243): is instance of provincial electoral district of Quebec / provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada
4. Lafontaine (wd:Q3216120): is instance of federal electoral district of Canada / former federal electoral district in Quebec, Canada
5. Lafontaine (wd:Q18043422), also known as LaFontaine: is instance of affixed family name / family name / family name / surname
6. André Lafontaine (wd:Q33680277, matched via Lafontaine), also known as Lafontaine: has occupation botanist / is instance of human / botanist
7. La Fontaine (wd:Q18332102, matched via Lafontaine), also known as Lafontaine: human settlement in Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, Canada / is instance of administrative sector
8. J. Donald Lafontaine (wd:Q21077810, matched via Lafontaine), also known as Don Lafontaine, James Donald Lafontaine, Lafontaine: has occupation entomologist / Canadian entomologist / Canadian entomologist / Canadian entomologist / is instance of human
9. LaFontaine (wd:Q77607860): is instance of affixed family name / family name / family name / surname
10. Lafontaine (wd:Q108900689): is instance of human settlement / village in Ontario, Canada

[Assistant]
The search for "Lafontaine" did not return Oskar Lafontaine as a direct entity either. I will try to search for entities with the label "Oskar Lafontaine" using a more specific SPARQL query to find the exact entity.

execute

SELECT ?person WHERE { ?person rdfs:label "Oskar Lafontaine"@en . }

[Assistant]
No entity with the exact label "Oskar Lafontaine" in English was found. I will try a similar query but without language restriction to see if it exists in another language label.

SELECT ?person ?label WHERE { ?person rdfs:label "Oskar Lafontaine" . OPTIONAL { ?person rdfs:label ?label FILTER (LANG(?label) = "en") } }

[Assistant]
No entity with the exact label "Oskar Lafontaine" was found in any language either. I will try to find entities with labels containing "Lafontaine" and filter those with occupation politician to narrow down.

SELECT ?person ?personLabel WHERE { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel . FILTER(CONTAINS(LCASE(STR(?personLabel)), "lafontaine")) . ?person wdt:P106 wd:Q82955 . FILTER(LANG(?personLabel) = "en") } LIMIT 10

SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
The query timed out. I will try a simpler search for entities with the label containing "Lafontaine" without filtering by occupation to get a smaller result set.

SELECT ?person ?personLabel WHERE { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel . FILTER(CONTAINS(LCASE(STR(?personLabel)), "lafontaine")) . FILTER(LANG(?personLabel) = "en") } LIMIT 10

SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
The query timed out again. I will try a different approach by searching for Oskar Lafontaine as a subject in the knowledge graph with any property to see if I can find the entity that way.

list

Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                         | property                    | object           |
| ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------- |
| wd:Q110719                                      | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| wd:Q110719                                      | Commons gallery (wdt:P935)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-91d8130d-7855-4b05-8222-6bf051220285  | subject named as (pq:P1810) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-AD86B753-6341-4DA0-9D45-81D6E39C1DB7  | object named as (pq:P1932)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| wd:Q9060956                                     | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:q110719-A42D4188-EC83-4B1D-9C79-49424DE41CD4  | Commons category (ps:P373)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:q9060956-999D5728-2D4E-4538-8FBB-C77351FB6FAC | Commons category (ps:P373)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-E9746AA7-9676-416E-A9AC-72693DCD4694  | Commons gallery (ps:P935)   | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-975D338A-C831-4EA3-BD55-970AF2A35A4F  | subject named as (pq:P1810) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| ref:63df56d6cc56cfaae004915fd3df4e31aabf77fd    | subject named as (pr:P1810) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| ...                                             | ...                         | ...              |

[Assistant]
The entity wd:Q110719 is associated with the label "Oskar Lafontaine" in Commons category and gallery. This is likely the entity for Oskar Lafontaine. I will now check if this entity held the position "member of the Landtag of Saarland" (wd:Q18130478) using the property "position held" (wdt:P39).

execute

SELECT ?position WHERE { wd:Q110719 wdt:P39 ?position . }

Got 9 rows and 1 column:
| position                                                  |
| --------------------------------------------------------- |
| lord mayor (wd:Q109862464)                                |
| mayor (wd:Q17175157)                                      |
| member of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q18130478)          |
| member of the German Bundestag (wd:Q1939555)              |
| Federal Minister of Finance (wd:Q22575092)                |
| Commissioner for Franco-German Cooperation (wd:Q26822284) |
| chairman of the Social Democratic Party (wd:Q29576752)    |
| Minister-President of the Saarland (wd:Q31068298)         |
| President of the Bundesrat of Germany (wd:Q363637)        |

[Assistant]
Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q110719) held the position "member of the Landtag of Saarland" (wd:Q18130478). Now I will count how many times this position is stated for him.

SELECT (COUNT(?statement) AS ?count) WHERE { wd:Q110719 p:P39 ?statement . ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q18130478 . }

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 8 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
answer

SELECT (COUNT(?statement) AS ?count) WHERE { wd:Q110719 p:P39 ?statement . ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q18130478 . }

Answer: Oskar Lafontaine was elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland 8 times.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>
SELECT ?description WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 schema:description ?description .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?description ) = "en" )
}
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
- Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (wd:Q55811), also known as Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, etc.: is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event / extinction event ending the Mesozoic Era

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| description                                        |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| extinction event ending the Mesozoic Era (lang:en) |

Answer: The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, a widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth that ended the Mesozoic Era.

The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, a widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth that ended the Mesozoic Era.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>
SELECT ?description WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 schema:description ?description .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?description ) = "en" )
}
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
- Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (wd:Q55811), also known as Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, etc.: is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event / extinction event ending the Mesozoic Era

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| description                                        |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| extinction event ending the Mesozoic Era (lang:en) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What happened to the dinosaurs ?

[Assistant]
The question "What happened to the dinosaurs?" is asking for the event or cause that led to the extinction of dinosaurs. Typically, this is related to the concept of the "extinction event" or "mass extinction" that affected dinosaurs.

Step 1: Identify entities and properties:
- Entity: Dinosaurs
- Property: Cause or event related to extinction or disappearance

Step 2: Search for the entity "dinosaurs" in Wikidata to find the relevant item.
Step 3: Search for properties related to extinction or disappearance for the dinosaur entity or general extinction events.

I will start by searching for the entity "dinosaurs" in Wikidata.

Question: dinosaur

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. dinosaur (wd:Q430), also known as dino, Dinosauria, dinosaurs: clade of sauropsid vertebrates that dominated the Mesozoic Era (including birds) / clade of sauropsid vertebrates that dominated the Mesozoic Era (including birds) / clade of sauropsid vertebrates that dominated the Mesozoic Era (including birds) / clade of archosaurian reptiles (Archosauria) / is subclass of animal / is subclass of Animal / is instance of taxon / is instance of clade
2. Dinosaur (wd:Q476329), also known as Disney's Dinosaur: 2000 animated film directed by Ralph Zondag and Eric Leighton / 2000 animated film directed by Ralph Zondag and Eric Leighton / 2000 animated film directed by Ralph Zondag and Eric Leighton / 2000 animated film directed by Ralph Zondag and Eric Leighton / is instance of animated film / is instance of film
3. Dinosaur (wd:Q2076262), also known as Artesia, CO, Artesia, Colorado, Baxter Springs, Dinosaur, CO, Dinosaur, Colorado: town in Moffat County, Colorado, United States / is instance of town in the United States
4. Dinosaur (wd:Q1649247): 1985 debut studio album by Dinosaur Jr. / is instance of album
5. Dinosaur (wd:Q3028453): is instance of musical work/composition / 2010 song by Kesha
6. Dinosaur (wd:Q41911190): is instance of album / 2017 album by B'z / album by B'z / album by B'z
7. Dinosaur (wd:Q3028451), also known as dinosaur, Dinosaur!: is instance of enhanced motion vehicle / ride at Disney's Animal Kingdom
8. Dinosaur (wd:Q2314996): is instance of single / King Crimson song
9. Dinosaur (wd:Q11316835), also known as ダイナソア: 1990 video game developed by Nihon Falcom / is instance of video game / 1990 video game / 1990 video game
10. Dinosaur (wd:Q117388879): 2023 studio album by Theory of a Deadman / is instance of album

[Assistant]
The entity for dinosaurs is wd:Q430, which represents the clade of sauropsid vertebrates that dominated the Mesozoic Era.

Next, I will search for properties related to extinction or disappearance for this entity or general extinction events that might be linked to dinosaurs. I will search for properties related to "extinction" or "cause of extinction" for the dinosaur entity.

Question: extinction

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. significant event (wd:P793 as p, matched via outcome), also known as big event, event, fate, important event, key event, etc.: significant or notable events associated with the subject / significant or notable events associated with the subject / significant or notable events associated with the subject
2. Encyclopedia of Life ID (wd:P830 as wdt/p), also known as eol, EoL ID, P830: eol.org item reference number / eol.org item reference number
3. temporal range end (wd:P524 as p, matched via geologic time frame end), also known as geologic time frame end, geologic time range end, P524: the end of a process such as a geological unit or extinction of a life form relative to the geologic time scale / is subproperty of end time
4. different from (wd:P1889 as wdt/p, matched via not), also known as confused with, differs from, disambiguated from, distinct from, distinguished from, etc.: item that is different from another item, with which it is often confused / item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
5. Paleobiology Database taxon ID (wd:P10907 as wdt/p), also known as PaleoBioDB ID, PaleoDB ID, PBDB ID, P10907: identifier for a fossil taxon in the Paleobiology Database
6. parent taxon (wd:P171 as wdt/p, matched via higher taxon), also known as higher taxon, taxon parent, P171: closest parent taxon of the taxon in question / closest parent taxon of the taxon in question / closest parent taxon of the taxon in question / is subproperty of subclass of
7. described by source (wd:P1343 as wdt/p, matched via entry), also known as defined in, described by biography, described by encyclopedia, described by obituary, described by reference work, etc.: dictionary, encyclopaedia, etc. where this item is described / work where this item is described / is subproperty of attested in
8. NDL Authority ID (wd:P349 as wdtn/wdt/p, matched via ndl), also known as National Diet Library Auth ID, National Diet Library ID, National Diet Library of Japan authority control ID, National Diet Library of Japan ID, ndl, etc.: identifier for authority control per the National Diet Library of Japan
9. subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt/p, matched via type of), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.: this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances ... of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain
10. taxon rank (wd:P105 as wdt/p, matched via type of taxon), also known as rank, taxonomic rank, type of taxon, P105: level in a taxonomic hierarchy / level in a taxonomic hierarchy / level in a taxonomic hierarchy / is subproperty of instance of

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "significant event" (wdt:P793) seems relevant as it represents significant or notable events associated with the subject. This could include extinction events.

I will now query for significant events related to dinosaurs (wd:Q430) to see if there is an extinction event linked to them.

execute

SELECT ?event ?eventLabel WHERE { wd:Q430 wdt:P793 ?event . OPTIONAL { ?event rdfs:label ?eventLabel FILTER(LANG(?eventLabel) = "en") } }

[Assistant]
No significant event directly linked to dinosaurs (wd:Q430) via property "significant event" (wdt:P793) was found.

I will try another approach: searching for the general "extinction event" or "mass extinction" that affected dinosaurs. I will search for entities related to "extinction event" and check if any of them are linked to dinosaurs.

Question: extinction event

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. extinction event (wd:Q55814), also known as biotic crisis, ELE, extinction-level event, mass extinction: widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth / widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth / is subclass of existential risk / is subclass of extinction / is subclass of bioevent
2. Extinction Event (wd:Q132797197): is instance of literary work / short story by Eliza Clark
3. Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (wd:Q55811, matched via Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event), also known as Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, etc.: extinction event ending the Mesozoic Era / is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event
4. Permian-Triassic mass extinction (wd:Q141118, matched via end-Permian extinction event), also known as end-Permian extinction, End-Permian extinction, end-Permian extinction event, End-Permian extinction event, end-Permian mass extinction, etc.: most severe extinction event of Earth's chronology, occurring ... and beginning the Mesozoic era (and the Triassic period) / mass extinction event at the end of the Permian Period approximately 250 million years ago / is instance of Extinction event / is instance of extinction event / is subclass of phenomenon
5. Ordovician–Silurian extinction event (wd:Q1065985), also known as end-Ordovician mass extinction, Late Ordovician mass extinction, LOME: mass extinction event at the end of the Ordovician period and ... period in the Paleozoic era, around 444 million years ago / is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event
6. Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction (wd:Q835034, matched via end-Triassic extinction event), also known as end-Triassic extinction, end-Triassic extinction event, end-Triassic mass extinction, end-Triassic mass extinction event, TJME, etc.: mass extinction at the end of the Triassic / is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event
7. Quaternary extinction event (wd:Q1759232), also known as Late Quaternary Extinctions, LQE, Pleistocene-Holocene extinction, QME, Quaternary Megafauna Extinction: mass extinction event, around 10000 BCE, marking the end of ... to be caused by human hunting and/or natural climate change / is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event
8. Eocene–Oligocene extinction event (wd:Q1542955), also known as Grande Coupure: is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event / mass extinction
9. Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event (wd:Q1050953): mass extinction event; occurred approximately 488 million years ago / is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event
10. mid-Permian extinction (wd:Q21014121, matched via end-Capitanian extinction event), also known as Capitanian mass extinction event, end-Capitanian extinction event, end-Guadalupian extinction: extinction of animal and plant life that occurred at the end ... of the Permian period, associated with the Emeishan Traps / is instance of extinction event / is instance of Extinction event

[Assistant]
There is an entity for extinction event (wd:Q55814) and specifically for the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (wd:Q55811), which is known as the event that ended the Mesozoic Era and caused the extinction of many species including dinosaurs.

I will now check if the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event (wd:Q55811) is linked to dinosaurs (wd:Q430) as a significant event or cause of extinction. I will query for any statements linking dinosaurs to this extinction event.

SELECT ?property ?propertyLabel WHERE { wd:Q430 ?property wd:Q55811 . OPTIONAL { ?property rdfs:label ?propertyLabel FILTER(LANG(?propertyLabel) = "en") } }

[Assistant]
No direct property links dinosaurs (wd:Q430) to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event (wd:Q55811).

I will try to find if the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event (wd:Q55811) has any property indicating that it caused the extinction of dinosaurs or is related to dinosaurs. I will check for properties or statements about what was affected by this extinction event.

SELECT ?property ?propertyLabel ?value ?valueLabel WHERE { wd:Q55811 ?property ?value . OPTIONAL { ?property rdfs:label ?propertyLabel FILTER(LANG(?propertyLabel) = "en") } OPTIONAL { ?value rdfs:label ?valueLabel FILTER(LANG(?valueLabel) = "en") } } LIMIT 50

Got 50 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| property                                              | propertyLabel | value                                                                                | valueLabel |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------- |
| Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (wdt:P10565) |               | 122395                                                                               |            |
| Elhuyar ZTH ID (wdt:P4746)                            |               | 132581                                                                               |            |
| J9U ID (wdt:P8189)                                    |               | 987012575367305171                                                                   |            |
| ScienceDirect topic ID (wdt:P10376)                   |               | agricultural-and-biological-sciences/cretaceous-paleogene-boundary                   |            |
| schema:description                                    |               | artikel daftar Wikimedia (lang:id)                                                   |            |
| ...                                                   | ...           | ...                                                                                | ...        |
| schema:description                                    |               | estinzione della maggior parte delle specie viventi, avvenuta nel Cretaceo (lang:it) |            |
| rdfs:label                                            |               | Estinzione di massa del Cretaceo-Paleocene (lang:it)                                 |            |
| schema:name                                           |               | Estinzione di massa del Cretaceo-Paleocene (lang:it)                                 |            |
| skos:prefLabel                                        |               | Estinzione di massa del Cretaceo-Paleocene (lang:it)                                 |            |
| schema:description                                    |               | événement d'extinction massive d'espèces (lang:fr)                                   |            |

[Assistant]
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event (wd:Q55811) has various identifiers and descriptions but no direct property indicating the affected species or dinosaurs specifically.

I will try to find a general statement about the cause of dinosaur extinction by searching for statements about the extinction of dinosaurs or the cause of their extinction. I will search for statements with dinosaur (wd:Q430) as subject and keywords related to extinction or cause.

list

wd:Q430

Got 959 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject            | property                        | object                                                                      |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | instance of (wdt:P31)           | taxon (wd:Q16521)                                                           |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | Commons category (wdt:P373)     | Dinosauria                                                                  |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | image (wdt:P18)                 | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Archaeopteryx%20NT.jpg> |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | subclass of (wdt:P279)          | animal (wd:Q729)                                                            |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)          | /m/029tx                                                                    |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | parent taxon (wdt:P171)         | Dracohors (wd:Q52798775)                                                    |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | taxon name (wdt:P225)           | Dinosauria                                                                  |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | taxon rank (wdt:P105)           | superorder (wd:Q5868144)                                                    |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)              | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4012362-5>                                           |
| dinosaur (wd:Q430) | described by source (wdt:P1343) | New International Encyclopedia (wd:Q1029706)                                |
| ...                | ...                             | ...                                                                         |

[Assistant]
There is no direct property in the dinosaur entity (wd:Q430) that explicitly states the cause of their extinction or what happened to them.

I will try another approach: Search for the property "cause of death" or "cause of extinction" in general and see if it is linked to dinosaurs or extinction events. I will search for properties related to "cause" and "extinction".

Question: cause

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. has cause (wd:P828 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via cause), also known as because, cause, caused by, due to, effect of, etc.: underlying cause, entity that ultimately resulted in this effect / underlying cause, thing that ultimately resulted in this effect / is subproperty of follows
2. has effect (wd:P1542 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via cause of), also known as caused, cause of, causes, consequence, effect, etc.: is subproperty of followed by / effect of this item
3. end cause (wd:P1534 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt), also known as cause of ending, ended by, end has cause, end reason, reason for end, etc.: qualifier used together with the end date qualifier (P582) to specify the reason for the end / qualifier to use together with the end date qualifier (P582) to specify the cause
4. constraint clarification (wd:P6607 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via reason), also known as constraint explanation, constraint note, constraint rationale, constraint reason, explanation, etc.: qualifier to provide details on the function or purpose of a property constraint on a given property / is subproperty of Wikidata usage instructions
5. toughness (wd:P5520 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via impact), also known as Charpy, choc, impact, impact resistance, impact strengh, etc.: material property measuring the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing
6. significant event (wd:P793 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via outcome), also known as big event, event, fate, important event, key event, etc.: significant or notable events associated with the subject / significant or notable events associated with the subject / significant or notable events associated with the subject
7. number of children (wd:P1971 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via issue), also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids, etc.: number of children of the person. Mainly in cases where the full list isn't or shouldn't be added in "child" (P40). / number of children of the person, animal, or character
8. child (wd:P40 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via issue), also known as children, daughter, daughters, descendants, father of, etc.: subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039) / subject has the object in their family as their offspring son or daughter (independently of their age) / subject has object as biological, foster, and/or adoptive child / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of relative
9. issue (wd:P433 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt), also known as issue number, no., number, P433: issue of a newspaper, a scientific journal or magazine for reference purpose / issue of a newspaper, a scientific journal or magazine for reference purpose
10. in opposition to (wd:P5004 as pr/pq/p/wdtn/pqn/ps/prn/prv/pqv/psn/psv/wdt, matched via against), also known as against, opposed, opposes, opposition to, protested against, etc.: object of a social action

[Assistant]
The property "has cause" (wdt:P828) seems relevant as it represents the underlying cause or entity that ultimately resulted in an effect.

I will now try to find if there is any statement linking dinosaurs (wd:Q430) with a cause of extinction using this property or similar.

execute

SELECT ?cause ?causeLabel WHERE { wd:Q430 wdt:P828 ?cause . OPTIONAL { ?cause rdfs:label ?causeLabel FILTER(LANG(?causeLabel) = "en") } }

[Assistant]
There is no direct statement linking dinosaurs (wd:Q430) with a cause of extinction using the property "has cause" (wdt:P828).

I will try to find general knowledge about the extinction of dinosaurs by searching for statements about the extinction of dinosaurs or the cause of their extinction in a broader way.

I will search for entities related to "dinosaur extinction" to see if there is a specific item for this concept.

Question: dinosaur extinction

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Dinosaur Extinction (wd:Q56624614): scholarly article published 12 June 2004 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
2. CRETACEOUS DINOSAUR EXTINCTION. (wd:Q46228505): scientific article published in September 1968 / scientific article published in September 1968 / scientific article published in September 1968 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
3. Cretaceous-tertiary dinosaur extinction (wd:Q94555082): scholarly article by Sheehan PM & Morse CL published 1 December 1986 in Science / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
4. Cretaceous-tertiary dinosaur extinction (wd:Q94555089): scholarly article by Bryant LJ et al published 1 December 1986 in Science / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
5. Cretaceous-tertiary dinosaur extinction (wd:Q81015179): scientific article published on 01 December 1986 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
6. The Dinosaurs Extinction (wd:Q119041043): is instance of film / 2014 Mexican film
7. Dinosaur diversity and extinction (wd:Q94546125): scholarly article by Archibald JD published 1 April 1992 in Science / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
8. Response: cretaceous-tertiary dinosaur extinction (wd:Q81015185): scientific article published on 01 December 1986 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
9. Dinosaur diversity and extinction (wd:Q80914444): scientific article published on 01 April 1992 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
10. Young Dinosaurs Fighting Extinction (wd:Q82461765): scientific article published on 01 November 2010 / scientific article published on 1 November 2010 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article

[Assistant]
There are several scholarly articles about dinosaur extinction but no direct entity representing the event or cause of dinosaur extinction.

Given the information, the best-known scientific consensus is that the dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which is believed to have been caused by an asteroid impact and other environmental factors.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve a brief description of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event (wd:Q55811) to answer the question "What happened to the dinosaurs?" based on this event.

answer

SELECT ?description WHERE { wd:Q55811 schema:description ?description . FILTER(LANG(?description) = "en") } LIMIT 1

Answer: The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, a widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth that ended the Mesozoic Era.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?band ?bandLabel ?inception WHERE {
  VALUES ?band {
    wd:Q15862 wd:Q2306
  }
  ?band wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?band rdfs:label ?bandLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?bandLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?inception

Using entities:
- Queen (wd:Q15862): is instance of musical group / British musical group; rock band / British rock band / British rock band / British rock band
- Pink Floyd (wd:Q2306), also known as The Pink Floyd, The Pink Floyd Sound: is instance of rock band / English rock band / English rock band / English rock band / English rock band

Using properties:
- inception (wd:P571 as wdt), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: is subproperty of start time / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619

Answer: Pink Floyd was created earlier than Queen. Pink Floyd was formed in 1964, while Queen was formed in 1970.

Pink Floyd was created earlier than Queen. Pink Floyd was formed in 1964, while Queen was formed in 1970.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?band ?bandLabel ?inception WHERE {
  VALUES ?band {
    wd:Q15862 wd:Q2306
  }
  ?band wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?band rdfs:label ?bandLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?bandLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?inception

Using entities:
- Queen (wd:Q15862): is instance of musical group / British musical group; rock band / British rock band / British rock band / British rock band
- Pink Floyd (wd:Q2306), also known as The Pink Floyd, The Pink Floyd Sound: is instance of rock band / English rock band / English rock band / English rock band / English rock band

Using properties:
- inception (wd:P571 as wdt), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: is subproperty of start time / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619

Execution result:
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| band                  | bandLabel            | inception                           |
| --------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Pink Floyd (wd:Q2306) | Pink Floyd (lang:en) | 1964-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Queen (wd:Q15862)     | Queen (lang:en)      | 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] which band is created earlier, queen or pink floyd?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Which band is created earlier, Queen or Pink Floyd?", I need to find the creation or formation dates of both bands and then compare them.

Step 1: Identify the entities for the bands "Queen" and "Pink Floyd" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property related to the formation or creation date of a band.
Step 3: Retrieve the formation dates for both bands.
Step 4: Compare the dates to determine which band was created earlier.

I will start with step 1 by searching for the entities "Queen" and "Pink Floyd" in Wikidata.

Question: Queen

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Queen (wd:Q15862): British musical group; rock band / is instance of musical group / British rock band / British rock band / British rock band
2. queen (wd:Q139), also known as ♕, ♛, lady, Q: chess piece, able to move any number of squares vertically, horizontally or diagonally / strongest, most powerful, chess piece / chess piece heavy staple in chess / chess piece heavy staple in chess / is subclass of major piece
3. Queen (wd:Q193490): 1973 debut studio album by Queen / is instance of album / album by Queen / album by Queen
4. queen (wd:Q16511993): is instance of royal or noble rank / is instance of noble title / is subclass of noble women / is subclass of aristocrat / is subclass of sovereign / is instance of position / class of female monarch / is subclass of monarch / is subclass of Monarch / is subclass of noble
5. The Queen (wd:Q223367, matched via Queen), also known as Queen: 2006 film directed by Stephen Frears / is instance of film
6. Khatun (wd:Q2272188, matched via queen), also known as consort, hatun, kadin, khaness, khatan, etc.: Title of nobility in Mongolia, Turkey, and related cultures for female khans, typically the wife of a khan, emperor, or king / is instance of royal or noble rank / is instance of female given name / Wikimedia disambiguation page / Wikimedia disambiguation page / is instance of noble title / is instance of profession / is subclass of consort
7. queen regnant (wd:Q19643, matched via queen), also known as female monarch, queen: female monarch who rules a country in her own right / female monarch who rules a country in her own right / is instance of royal or noble rank / is instance of noble title / is instance of occupation / is instance of position / is subclass of ruler / is subclass of queen
8. queen (wd:Q505744): is subclass of face card / playing card
9. Queen (wd:Q15907466): 2014 film directed by Vikas Bahl / is instance of film
10. Queen (wd:Q52866322): 2018 studio album by Nicki Minaj / is instance of album / album by Nicki Minaj / album by Nicki Minaj

[Assistant]
Question: Pink Floyd

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pink Floyd (wd:Q2306), also known as The Pink Floyd, The Pink Floyd Sound: is instance of rock band / English rock band / English rock band / English rock band / English rock band
2. Pink Floyd (wd:Q3653015), also known as Floyd Pinkerton: is instance of character / character / character
3. Pink Floyd (wd:Q3388741): is instance of written work / book by François Ducray / book
4. Rosa 'Pink Floyd' (wd:Q83670291, matched via Pink Floyd), also known as Pink Floyd: is instance of rose cultivar / rose cultivar
5. Pink Floyd (wd:Q62068103): chapter, in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame’s eleventh annual induction dinner programme / is instance of Chapter / is instance of chapter
6. Why Pink Floyd...? (wd:Q3512037): is instance of marketing / marketing campaign
7. Pink Floyd pigs (wd:Q2269820), also known as Algie: Staple prop used by English progressive/psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd during live shows / is subclass of inflatable pig / is subclass of balloon
8. WikiProject Pink Floyd (wd:Q13341445): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration / is instance of WikiProject
9. Brain Damage (wd:Q2923592, matched via Tributo Pink Floyd), also known as Tributo Pink Floyd: is instance of musical group / French rock band
10. Pink Floyd Revisited (wd:Q2309415): live album by Mostly Autumn / is instance of album

[Assistant]
I found the entities for the bands:
- Queen: wd:Q15862 (British musical group)
- Pink Floyd: wd:Q2306 (English rock band)

Next, I need to find the property related to the formation or creation date of a band. I will search for properties related to "formation date" or "inception" for the entity Queen (wd:Q15862) to identify the correct property.

Question: formation date

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception (wd:P571 as wdt/p, matched via formation date), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / is subproperty of start time
2. location of formation (wd:P740 as wdt/p, matched via formed in), also known as comes from, formation location, formation place, formed in, founded in, etc.: location where a group or organisation was formed / location where a group or organization was formed / is subproperty of location of creation
3. work period (start) (wd:P2031 as wdt/p, matched via date of activity (start)), also known as active since, career began, career start, date of activity (start), debut, etc.: start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity / start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity / is subproperty of start time / is subproperty of floruit
4. notable work (wd:P800 as wdt/p, matched via founded), also known as artwork, author of, bibliography, books by, creator of, etc.: notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works / notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. instance of (wd:P31 as wdt/p, matched via type), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform / that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. topic's main category (wd:P910 as wdt/p, matched via category), also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category, etc.: main category of this topic / main Wikimedia category
7. different from (wd:P1889 as wdt/p, matched via not), also known as confused with, differs from, disambiguated from, distinct from, distinguished from, etc.: item that is different from another item, with which it is often confused / item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
8. name (wd:P2561 as wdt/p), also known as aka, also known as, be known as, be referred as, known as, etc.: name the subject is known by; preferably use a more specific subproperty if available

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wdt:P571) is the relevant property for the formation or creation date of an entity such as a band.

Next, I will retrieve the inception dates for both bands Queen (wd:Q15862) and Pink Floyd (wd:Q2306) using the property wdt:P571.

execute

SELECT ?band ?bandLabel ?inception WHERE {
  VALUES ?band { wd:Q15862 wd:Q2306 }
  ?band wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL { ?band rdfs:label ?bandLabel FILTER (LANG(?bandLabel) = "en") }
} ORDER BY ?inception

[Assistant]
answer

SELECT ?band ?bandLabel ?inception WHERE {
  VALUES ?band { wd:Q15862 wd:Q2306 }
  ?band wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL { ?band rdfs:label ?bandLabel FILTER (LANG(?bandLabel) = "en") }
} ORDER BY ?inception

Answer: Pink Floyd was created earlier than Queen. Pink Floyd was formed in 1964, while Queen was formed in 1970.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?coordinate WHERE {
  wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
}

Using entities:
- Shenzhen (wd:Q15174), also known as Sham Chun: is instance of city specifically designated in the state plan / is instance of big city / is instance of megacity / is instance of global city / is instance of sub-province-level division / is instance of special economic zone / is instance of city / is instance of prefecture-level city / Sub-provincial division in China

Using properties:
- coordinate location (wd:P625 as wdt), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject / geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment

Answer: The coordinate location of Shenzhen is POINT(114.054000 22.535000).

The coordinate location of Shenzhen is POINT(114.054000 22.535000).

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?coordinate WHERE {
  wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
}

Using entities:
- Shenzhen (wd:Q15174), also known as Sham Chun: is instance of city specifically designated in the state plan / is instance of big city / is instance of megacity / is instance of global city / is instance of sub-province-level division / is instance of special economic zone / is instance of city / is instance of prefecture-level city / Sub-provincial division in China

Using properties:
- coordinate location (wd:P625 as wdt), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject / geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| coordinate                                   |
| -------------------------------------------- |
| POINT(114.054000 22.535000) (geo:wktLiteral) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What is the coordinate location of Shenzhen ?

[Assistant]
To answer the question about the coordinate location of Shenzhen, I will first search for the entity "Shenzhen" in the Wikidata knowledge graph to get its identifier. Then, I will look for the property that represents coordinate location for this entity. Finally, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the coordinate location of Shenzhen. Let's start by searching for the entity "Shenzhen".

Question: Shenzhen

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Shenzhen (wd:Q15174), also known as Sham Chun: is instance of city specifically designated in the state plan / is instance of sub-province-level division / is instance of special economic zone / is instance of prefecture-level city / Sub-provincial division in China / is instance of global city / is instance of megacity / is instance of big city / is instance of city
2. Shenzhen (wd:Q2278115): graphic novel by the Canadian Québécois author Guy Delisle / is instance of comic book album
3. Zhao Shenzhen (wd:Q15929422, matched via Shenzhen), also known as Dilou, Liaosheng, Shengkanyanshi, Shenzhen, Wenke, etc.: has occupation politician / Qing dynasty politician / is instance of human
4. Shenzhen (wd:Q132803992): journal article from 'Cities' published in 2003 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
5. Shenzhen (wd:Q58926455): scientific article published in Nature / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article
6. Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport (wd:Q842297, matched via Shenzhen-Bao'an), also known as Shenzhen-Bao'an, SZX, ZGSZ: is instance of commercial traffic aerodrome / international airport in Shenzhen, China / is instance of international airport / is instance of public company / is instance of airport
7. Shenzhen Metro (wd:Q867680): rapid transit network in Shenzhen, China / is instance of rapid transit / is instance of underground / is instance of heavy rail
8. Shenzhen Airlines (wd:Q974899), also known as Shenzhen Air: airline headquartered in Bao'an, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China and based in Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport / is instance of airline
9. Shenzhen University (wd:Q1945756), also known as SZU: comprehensive university located in Shenzhen / is instance of university
10. Shenzhen F.C. (wd:Q1139956), also known as Shenzhen Ruby F.C., Shenzhen Xiangxue Eisiti F.C., Shenzhen Xiangxue Shangqingyin F.C.: is instance of association football club / Chinese association football club / is instance of soccer club

[Assistant]
The entity "Shenzhen" referring to the city is identified as wd:Q15174 in Wikidata. Next, I will search for the property that represents the coordinate location for this entity. I will look for properties related to "coordinate location" or "coordinates" for the entity Shenzhen (wd:Q15174).

Question: coordinate

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location (wd:P625 as wdt/p, matched via coordinates), also known as co-ordinate location, co-ordinates, coordinates, co-ords, coords, etc.: geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment / coordinates of the subject / coordinates of the subject
2. locator map image (wd:P242 as wdt/p, matched via map), also known as locator map, map, map image, P242: geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject within some larger entity / geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject / geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject / is subproperty of image
3. part of (wd:P361 as wdt/p, matched via of), also known as assembly of, branch of, chain, collateral branch of, component of, etc.: object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670)) / object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is ... "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt/p, matched via state), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.: the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of
5. country (wd:P17 as wdt/p, matched via state), also known as host country, land, sovereign state, state, P17: sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings) / is subproperty of located in the administrative territorial entity
6. area (wd:P2046 as wdt/p), also known as acreage, camera resolution, die area, die size, image resolution, etc.: area occupied by an object / area occupied by an object
7. logo image (wd:P154 as wdt/p, matched via mark), also known as insignia, logo, logomark, mark, marque, etc.: graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / is subproperty of icon
8. inception (wd:P571 as wdt/p, matched via formation), also known as broke ground, built, commenced on date, commencement date, completed, etc.: time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619 / date or point in time when the organisation / object was founded / created / is subproperty of start time
9. capital (wd:P36 as wdt/p, matched via principal place), also known as administrative capital, administrative center, administrative centre, administrative headquarters, administrative seat, etc.: location (city, municipality) of governmental seat of the country, or administrative territorial entity / seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity / city of governmental seat of the country, state or administrative subdivision
10. contains the administrative territorial entity (wd:P150 as wdt/p, matched via contains), also known as contains, contains administrative territorial entity, divided into, divides into, has administrative divisions, etc.: (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity / (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative division / (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative division / is subproperty of has part(s) / is subproperty of has part

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[Assistant]
The property "coordinate location" (wdt:P625) represents the geocoordinates of the subject. I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the coordinate location of Shenzhen (wd:Q15174) using this property.

execute

SELECT ?coordinate WHERE { wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate . }

[Assistant]
answer

SELECT ?coordinate WHERE { wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate . }

Answer: The coordinate location of Shenzhen is POINT(114.054000 22.535000).