PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q41076 .
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
}

Got 37 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                                                               |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Love Songs (wd:Q10320080)                                                           |
| Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas... – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (wd:Q103861450) |
| The Remixes (wd:Q1063122)                                                           |
| Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (wd:Q16740886)                               |
| Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464)                                         |
| ...                                                                                |
| The Adventures of Mimi (wd:Q914182)                                                 |
| E=MC² Adventure Box (wd:Q9249796)                                                   |
| Merry Christmas II You (wd:Q941336)                                                 |
| The Ballads (wd:Q981082)                                                            |
| The Rarities (wd:Q98479252)                                                         |

Mariah Carey performs on 37 albums.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] On how many albums does Mariah Carey perform?

[Assistant] Step 1: Identify the entity "Mariah Carey" in Wikidata. I will search for the entity "Mariah Carey" to get her Wikidata identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mariah Carey, also known as Queen of Christmas, Mirage, Songbird Supreme, Reina de la navidad, Carey (wd:Q41076): American singer and songwriter (born 1969), music video director, singer-songwriter, recording artist, philanthropist, businessperson, film director, film producer, DJ producer, voice actor, entertainer, composer, singer, model, actor
2. Mariah Carey (wd:Q732845): 1990 debut studio album by Mariah Carey
3. WikiProject Mariah Carey (wd:Q21830328): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration
4. Here Is Mariah Carey (wd:Q836551): VHS and DVD by Mariah Carey
5. The Essential Mariah Carey (wd:Q3235035): 2011 compilation album by Mariah Carey
6. M, also known as M By Mariah Carey (wd:Q690434): women's fragrance from Elizabeth Arden
7. Mariah Carey: DVD Collection (wd:Q3282698): album by Mariah Carey
8. Mariah Carey: Her Story (wd:Q131320674): book by the British writer Chris Nickson
9. Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464): album by Mariah Carey
10. Why Mariah Carey Matters (wd:Q131160633): book written by Andrew Chan

[Assistant] I found the entity for Mariah Carey as wd:Q41076. Now, I need to find the albums on which Mariah Carey performs. This likely involves finding albums where she is listed as a performer or artist. I will search for properties related to "perform" or "performer" for the entity Mariah Carey.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
4. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
5. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as p/wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
6. voice type, also known as range of voice, register, tessitura, type of voice, vocal type (wd:P412 as p/wdt): person's voice type. expected values: soprano, mezzo-soprano, contralto, countertenor, tenor, baritone, bass (and derivatives)
7. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as p/wdt): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. X (Twitter) username, also known as twitter.com/, X username, X handle, x.com/, X account (wd:P2002 as p/wdt): username on X (formerly Twitter); do not include the '@' symbol, website username or ID
10. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as p/wdt): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "perform" for Mariah Carey did not return a direct property indicating albums she performs on. I will try a different approach: I will search for properties related to "album" for Mariah Carey to find albums associated with her.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as p/wdt): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as p/wdt): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as p/wdt): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
7. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as p/wdt): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
8. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
9. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
10. Official Charts artist ID, also known as Official Charts ID (wd:P6559 as p/wdt): identifier for musical acts at Official Charts Company's website

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "discography" (wdt:P358) seems relevant as it relates to the list of works (albums) of the artist. I will now query the albums in Mariah Carey's discography.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| album      | albumLabel                    |
| ---------- | ----------------------------- |
| wd:Q263476 | Mariah Carey discography (en) |

[Assistant] The property "discography" points to a single item "Mariah Carey discography" which is a list page, not the individual albums. I need to find the individual albums that Mariah Carey performs on. I will try to find albums where Mariah Carey is listed as a performer or artist. I will search for albums where Mariah Carey (wd:Q41076) is the performer or artist. The property for performer or artist in an album might be "performer" (wdt:P175) or "artist" (wdt:P136). I will check the property "performer" (wdt:P175) for albums with Mariah Carey as the performer.

[Tool]
Got 37 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                                                               |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Love Songs (wd:Q10320080)                                                           |
| Mariah Carey’s Magical Christmas... – Apple TV+ Original Soundtrack (wd:Q103861450) |
| The Remixes (wd:Q1063122)                                                           |
| Me. I Am Mariah… The Elusive Chanteuse (wd:Q16740886)                               |
| Mariah Carey Collector's Set (wd:Q18277464)                                         |
| ...                                                                                |
| The Adventures of Mimi (wd:Q914182)                                                 |
| E=MC² Adventure Box (wd:Q9249796)                                                   |
| Merry Christmas II You (wd:Q941336)                                                 |
| The Ballads (wd:Q981082)                                                            |
| The Rarities (wd:Q98479252)                                                         |

[Assistant] Mariah Carey performs on 37 albums according to the query results. I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves albums where Mariah Carey is a performer and filters for items that are instances of albums. The result count of 37 albums matches the provided answer. The query follows the rules by returning the actual album identifiers and does not perform any post-processing outside SPARQL. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?birthDate ?deathDate ( YEAR( ?deathDate ) - YEAR( ?birthDate ) AS ?lifespan ) WHERE {
  VALUES ?person {
    wd:Q713701 wd:Q1057918
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P569 ?birthDate .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P570 ?deathDate .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?lifespan )

Bellatrix Lestrange lived longer than Sirius Black. Bellatrix Lestrange lived for 47 years (1951-1998), while Sirius Black lived for 37 years (1959-1996).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who lives longer, series black or bellatrix Lestrange?

[Assistant]
The question is asking to compare the lifespan of "series black" and "Bellatrix Lestrange."

Step 1: Identify the entities "series black" and "Bellatrix Lestrange." It seems "series black" might be a typo or unclear reference. It could be "Sirius Black," a character from the Harry Potter series. I will first verify if "series black" refers to "Sirius Black" in the knowledge graph.

Step 2: Identify the lifespan or dates of birth and death for both entities to compare who lived longer.

I will start by searching for "series black" and "Sirius Black" to clarify the entity. Then I will search for "Bellatrix Lestrange."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. black series of Polish documentary, also known as black series, The Black Series, black series of the Polish documentary (wd:Q9197940): Polish film movement
2. Blacklist, also known as Black List, Blacklist GMM, Blacklist  GMMTV, Blacklist The Series (wd:Q96373677): 2019 Thai TV series
3. LG Black Label Series (wd:Q6458370): series of mobile phones manufactured by LG Electronics
4. Alma Negra, also known as Black Soul, Black soul (Chilean series) (wd:Q117278271): Chilean television series
5. Black Mirror, series 5, also known as Black Mirror, season 5 (wd:Q64495720): season of television series
6. Black Mirror, series 1, also known as Black Mirror, season 1 (wd:Q18029789): season of television series
7. Black Mirror, series 2, also known as Black Mirror, season 2 (wd:Q18029874): season of television series
8. Black Mirror, series 3, also known as Black Mirror, season 3 (wd:Q48443750): season of television series
9. Black Mirror, series 4, also known as Black Mirror, season 4 (wd:Q48443908): season of television series
10. Black Mirror, series 6, also known as Black Mirror, season 6 (wd:Q115902593): season of television series

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sirius Black, also known as Padfoot, Snuffles, Sirius Black III (wd:Q713701): fictional character in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels, vigilante
2. Sirius Black I, also known as Sirius Black (wd:Q15269539): fictional character in the Harry Potter series
3. Sirius Black II (wd:Q15269521): fictional character of the Harry Potter series
4. black, also known as blackness (wd:Q23445): darkest color
5. Sirius, also known as 9 Canis Majoris, HD 48915 (wd:Q3409): binary star system in the constellation of Canis Major
6. Black, also known as Black, AL (wd:Q66825): town in Alabama, United States
7. Black (wd:Q504409): English pop singer (1962–2016), singer-songwriter, singer
8. Black (wd:Q515416): 2005 film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali
9. Black, also known as Black (2006 video game), Black (video game) (wd:Q880040): 2006 first-person shooter video game
10. Black, also known as Beulraek (wd:Q38226507): 2017 South Korean TV series

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918): fictional character of the Harry Potter series, terrorist, magician, murderer
2. Bellatrix, also known as 24 Orionis, Gamma Orionis (wd:Q13066): star in the constellation Orion
3. Lestrange (wd:Q36864844): family name
4. Bellatrix, also known as Kolrassa Krókríðandi (wd:Q4883546): band
5. Bellatrix (wd:Q10427866): given name
6. Bellatrix (wd:Q129168077): French naval vessel
7. Bellatrix, also known as IMO 7043465 (wd:Q106678075): ship built in 1971
8. Bellatrix, also known as IMO 7820203 (wd:Q97996446): tugboat built in 1981
9. Lisbeth, also known as IMO 7233668, Thies, Carolina, Bellatrix (wd:Q115597773): ship built in 1972
10. Bellatrix (wd:Q103909859): shipwreck off the Scottish coast

[Assistant]
I have identified the entities:
- Sirius Black (wd:Q713701), a fictional character in the Harry Potter series.
- Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918), a fictional character of the Harry Potter series.

Next, I will find the birth and death dates of both Sirius Black and Bellatrix Lestrange to compare who lived longer.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] The query failed due to the unsupported SERVICE wikibase:label clause in this endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label for the persons.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| person                            | personLabel              | birthDate                           | deathDate                           |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Bellatrix Lestrange (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701)         | Sirius Black (en)        | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
I found the birth and death dates for both characters:
- Bellatrix Lestrange: Born on 1951-01-01, died on 1998-05-02
- Sirius Black: Born on 1959-11-03, died on 1996-06-18

Now I will calculate the lifespan for both and compare who lived longer. I will do this calculation within the SPARQL query to ensure correctness.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 5 columns:
| person                            | personLabel              | birthDate                           | deathDate                           | lifespan     |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------ |
| Bellatrix Lestrange (wd:Q1057918) | Bellatrix Lestrange (en) | 1951-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-05-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 47 (xsd:int) |
| Sirius Black (wd:Q713701)         | Sirius Black (en)        | 1959-11-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1996-06-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 37 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The system correctly identified the two characters Bellatrix Lestrange and Sirius Black, retrieved their birth and death dates, and calculated their lifespans. The answer clearly states that Bellatrix Lestrange lived longer (47 years) than Sirius Black (37 years), which matches the data from the query result. The SPARQL query is well-formed, uses the correct entities and properties, and returns the necessary information to answer the question. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?country ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?country wdt:P463 wd:Q1065
  }
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 20 (xsd:int) |

There are 20 countries that have never been members of the United Nations.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many countries have never been members of the UN?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "How many countries have never been members of the UN?", I need to:

1. Identify the entity representing countries.
2. Identify the property or relation that indicates UN membership.
3. Find countries that do not have any statement indicating UN membership.
4. Count the number of such countries.

First, I will search for the entity representing "country" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

[Assistant] The entity representing "country" as a distinct territorial body or political entity is wd:Q6256. Next, I need to identify the property or relation that indicates UN membership. I will search for properties related to "United Nations membership" or "member of United Nations".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member count, also known as total members, number of members, count of members, amount of members, membership (wd:P2124 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): number of entities that are part of an organization at a particular time
2. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
3. UN/LOCODE, also known as LOCCODE, LOCODE, UNECE location code, UNECE LOCODE, United Nations location code (wd:P1937 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): geographic location code maintained by UNECE
4. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
5. UN number, also known as UN code (wd:P695 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): four-digit number that identify hazardous substances and articles in the framework of international transport
6. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
7. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
8. union of, also known as exhaustive union of (wd:P2737 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): every instance of this class is an instance of at least one clas... "list item" P11260 as qualifiers to specify the list of classes
9. disjoint union of, also known as disjunction among, disjunction between, union of (wd:P2738 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): every instance of this class is an instance of exactly one class... "list item" P11260 as qualifiers to specify the list of classes, union of
10. members have occupation, also known as profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of, organisation for (wd:P3989 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): some or all members of this group share the occupation

[Assistant] The property "member of" (wdt:P463) can be used to indicate membership in an organization such as the United Nations. I will now formulate a query to count the number of countries (wd:Q6256) that have never been members of the United Nations (wd:Q1065). I will do this by selecting countries that do not have a "member of" statement with the United Nations as the object.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 20 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies countries (wd:Q6256) and filters out those that have been members of the United Nations (wd:Q1065) using the property 'member of' (wdt:P463). The query returns the count of distinct countries that have never been UN members, which is 20. The answer is consistent with the query result and the approach is appropriate for the question. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P800 wd:Q315296 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The Erlangen program was written by Felix Klein.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who wrote the Erlangen program?

[Assistant]
Step 1: Identify the key entity and property in the question.
- The key entity is "Erlangen program."
- The property we are interested in is "author" or "creator" or "written by."

Step 2: Search for the entity "Erlangen program" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Erlangen program (wd:Q315296): research program on the symmetries of geometry
2. computer program, also known as program, software program (wd:Q40056): sequence of instructions written in programming language to perform a specified task with a computer
3. Erlangen, also known as Medical Valley (wd:Q3126): city in Bavaria, Germany
4. project, also known as effort, program, programme (wd:Q170584): collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim
5. plan, also known as plans, program, programme (wd:Q1371819): outline of a strategy for achievement of an objective
6. programme, also known as program (wd:Q1508646): informational booklet given out before a live event
7. The Program, also known as Icon, Program (wd:Q15615185): 2015 film
8. educational program, also known as programme, program, educational programme (wd:Q5341296): program written by the institution of education which determines the learning progress of individuals
9. Erlangen, also known as Erlangen station (wd:Q800737): railway halt in the urban district of Erlangen, Middle Franconia, Germany
10. The Program, also known as Program (wd:Q826289): 1993 film by David S. Ward

[Assistant]
The entity "Erlangen program" corresponds to wd:Q315296 in Wikidata.

Step 3: Search for properties related to "author" or "creator" for the entity wd:Q315296.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as p/wdtn/wdt): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
2. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
3. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
4. Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID, also known as Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wd:P9621 as p/wdt): identifier for a topic in Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica, an Italian encyclopedia regarding mathematics
5. Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID, also known as Encyclopaedia Britannica Online ID, Encyclopedia Britannica Online ID, EBID, EB ID, Britannica online ID (wd:P1417 as p/wdt): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopædia Britannica
6. ProofWiki ID, also known as Proof Wiki ID (wd:P6781 as p/wdt): identifier for a ProofWiki article
7. Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID, also known as Encyclopedia of China ID (Third Edition) (wd:P10565 as p/wdt): identifier for an article in the online version of Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition)
8. Lex ID, also known as Den Store Danske ID, DSD ID (wd:P8313 as p/wdt): identifier of an article in the online encyclopedia.lex.dk

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for a direct "author" or "creator" property for the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) did not return relevant properties.

Step 4: Instead, I will try to find statements about the Erlangen program that might indicate its author by querying for any property that links the Erlangen program to a person or entity. I will try to find the creator or author by looking for properties related to "creator," "author," or "inventor" for this entity. I will try a broader search for properties related to "creator" or "author" in general.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. collection creator, also known as creator, archive creator, collector, archives of, archive of (wd:P6241 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
2. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
3. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
4. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
5. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
6. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
7. possible creator, also known as creator (possible), attributed to (wd:P1779 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): for a creative work with considerable uncertainty about the author
8. developer, also known as written by, video game developer, video game dev, game developer, game dev (wd:P178 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): organization or person that developed the item, creator
9. fabrication method, also known as process used, method of cooking, preparation method, obtained by, method used (wd:P2079 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): method, process or technique used to grow, cook, weave, build, assemble, manufacture the item, uses
10. foundational text, also known as main text, treaty, organic law, founding document, establishing document (wd:P457 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): text through which an institution or object has been created or established

[Assistant]
The property "creator" (wdt:P170) seems to be the most appropriate to find the author or creator of a creative work like the Erlangen program.

Step 5: Query the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) for its creator (wdt:P170).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
There is no direct creator (wdt:P170) stated for the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) in Wikidata.

Step 6: I will try to find any statements about the Erlangen program that might indicate its author by checking other properties that might link it to a person. I will list all properties and objects for the Erlangen program to see if there is any relevant information.

[Tool]
Got 128 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                                                | object                              |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                   | research (wd:Q42240)                |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                  | /m/01k8tb                           |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Microsoft Academic ID (wdtn:P6366)                      | <https://makg.org/entity/111593780> |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (wdt:P1417)           | topic/Erlanger-program              |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Lex ID (wdt:P8313)                                      | Erlangen-programmet                 |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Encyclopedia of China (Third Edition) ID (wdt:P10565)   | 318393                              |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | nLab ID (wdt:P4215)                                     | Erlangen program                    |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | ProofWiki ID (wdt:P6781)                                | Definition:Erlangen_Program         |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | Treccani's Enciclopedia della Matematica ID (wdt:P9621) | programma-di-erlangen               |
| Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) | wdt:P31279                                              | research (wd:Q42240)                |
| ...                           | ...                                                     | ...                                 |

[Assistant]
The properties listed for the Erlangen program do not directly indicate an author or creator.

Step 7: I will try to find notable people associated with the Erlangen program by searching for people who have the Erlangen program as a notable work or are linked to it in some way. I will search for entities that have the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) as a notable work (wdt:P800).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| person                  | personLabel      |
| ----------------------- | ---------------- |
| Felix Klein (wd:Q76641) | Felix Klein (en) |

[Assistant]
The Erlangen program (wd:Q315296) is a notable work (wdt:P800) of Felix Klein (wd:Q76641).

Step 8: Formulate the final answer: Felix Klein wrote the Erlangen program. I will now prepare the final SPARQL query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies Felix Klein as the person who wrote the Erlangen program using the property 'notable work' (wdt:P800) linking the person to the Erlangen program (wd:Q315296). The query also retrieves the English label for the person. The answer is accurate and complete. No further refinement is needed.


Failed to generate SPARQL query

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many fictional female swordfighters are there?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "How many fictional female swordfighters are there?", I need to identify the following:

1. The concept of "fictional characters" in Wikidata.
2. The concept of "female" as a gender.
3. The concept of "swordfighter" or a similar occupation or role related to sword fighting.
4. Count the number of entities that are instances of fictional characters, have the gender female, and have the occupation or role of swordfighter.

I will start by searching for the entity "fictional character" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. character, also known as fictional character (wd:Q95074): fictional human or non-human character in a narrative work of art
2. character in a fictitious work, also known as metafictional character, fictitious character, fictional character of an embedded story, fictional character in an embedded story, fictional character in a fictitious work (wd:Q65924737): fictional character that is considered fictional even in a fictional story
3. fictional character (wd:L503676-S1)
4. fictional character (wd:L477996-S2)
5. fictional character (wd:L1036130-S1)
6. (fictional) character (wd:L365768-S4)
7. Chochoł (fictional character) (wd:Q9190074)
8. fictional animal character, also known as fictional individual animal (wd:Q3542731): class of individual animals which are fictional
9. character poster, also known as fictional character poster (wd:Q27960097): advertisement poster focusing on a fictional character of a work
10. Ipurtargi (fictional character) (wd:Q64787191): Ipurtargi (fictional character) (by Genua / Lucas)

[Assistant]
The entity "fictional character" in Wikidata is wd:Q95074, which is described as a fictional human or non-human character in a narrative work of art. This seems to be the most appropriate entity for the concept of fictional characters.

Next, I will search for the property or entity that represents "female" as a gender.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. female organism, also known as ♀, female, female animal, female creature, sex — female (wd:Q43445): organism of the female sex
2. Female (wd:Q639354): 1933 Warner Bros. pre-code film
3. female, also known as female human, women, woman, lady, human female (wd:Q6581072): to be used in "sex or gender" (P21) to indicate that the human s...nder" (P10339) to indicate that a word refers to a female person
4. Female, also known as Fîmeiru ,(Female) (wd:Q5442715): 2005 film directed by Shinya Tsukamoto
5. The Female, also known as Female (wd:Q18708947): 1924 film by Sam Wood
6. female connector, also known as female contact, female fastener, female (wd:Q11659367): gender of connectors and fasteners
7. Female (wd:Q47128284): song by Keith Urban
8. Female (wd:Q5442717): 1933 novel by Donald Henderson Clarke
9. Female (wd:Q130232348): enemy type in the 2023 video game World of Horror
10. Female (wd:Q63650079): theatrical character in the play "Yerma"

[Assistant]
The entity "female organism" (wd:Q43445) represents an organism of the female sex, and "female human" (wd:Q6581072) is used to indicate a female person in the context of sex or gender. For the purpose of identifying fictional female characters, wd:Q6581072 seems more appropriate.

Next, I will search for the concept of "swordfighter" or a similar occupation or role related to sword fighting. I will search for properties related to occupation or role with the query "swordfighter".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. International Fencing Federation fencer ID, also known as Fédération Internationale d'Escrime ID, FIE fencer ID, FIE ID, FIE identifier (wd:P2423 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): Identifier in the database of all fencers holding an internation...al Fencing Federation (FIE: Fédération Internationale d'Escrime)
2. Russian Fencing Federation fencer ID, also known as FFR fencer ID, Rusfencing.ru (wd:P7092 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): Russian Fencing Federation identifier
3. conflict, also known as war, theatre (military), theater (military), participated in conflict, military conflict (wd:P607 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): battles, wars or other military engagements in which the person or item participated, participant in
4. European Fencing Confederation fencer ID, also known as EFC fencer ID, Eurofencing fencer ID (wd:P4475 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): identifier on the European Fencing Confederation website
5. armament, also known as armed with, ship armament, weapon, wields (wd:P520 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): equippable weapon item for the subject, has facility
6. dan/kyu rank, also known as go rank, wushu rank, shogi rank, renju rank, kendo rank (wd:P468 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): rank system used in several board games (e.g. go, shogi, renju), martial arts (e.g. judo, kendo, wushu) and some other games
7. inverse property, also known as property opposite of, property inverse, opposite property, opponent, inverse of (wd:P1696 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): links a property to its inverse property (which relates the subject and object in reverse order)
8. enemy, also known as opponent, rival, archvillain, archrival, archnemesis (wd:P7047 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): opponent character or group of this fictive character or group, significant person
9. perpetrator, also known as robber, perpetrators, perpetrated by, perp, offender (wd:P8031 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person or organization who carried out this harmful, illegal, or immoral act, participant
10. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name

[Assistant] There is no direct property named "swordfighter" in the occupation or role properties. I will try searching for the entity "swordfighter" to see if there is a specific item for it.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. swordfighter, also known as sword-fighter, swordsman, swordsmen, swordswoman (wd:Q11397897): person who fights with a sword
2. The tale of the sword - swords a...ordfighters in Bronze Age Europe (wd:Q56826244): scholarly article by Kristian Kristiansen published in November 2002
3. Tales of Hoards and Swordfighter...ia: The Brand New and the Broken (wd:Q58587763): scholarly article by Lene Melheim published in January 2014

[Assistant]
The entity "swordfighter" is wd:Q11397897, which represents a person who fights with a sword.

Now I have the following entities:
- fictional character: wd:Q95074
- female human: wd:Q6581072
- swordfighter: wd:Q11397897

Next, I will build a SPARQL query to count the number of entities that are instances of fictional characters, have the gender female, and have the occupation or role of swordfighter. I will check the properties for instance of (P31), sex or gender (P21), and occupation (P106) to use in the query.
I will now write a SPARQL query to count the number of fictional female swordfighters. The query will look for entities that are instance of fictional character (wd:Q95074), have gender female (wd:Q6581072), and have occupation swordfighter (wd:Q11397897).


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?year WHERE {
  wd:Q71719 wdt:P571 ?date .
  BIND( YEAR( ?date ) AS ?year )
}

The Hollywood Walk of Fame opened in the year 1958.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In what year did the Hollywood Walk of Fame open?

[Assistant] To answer the question about the year the Hollywood Walk of Fame opened, I will first search for the entity "Hollywood Walk of Fame" in Wikidata to identify its QID. Then, I will look for the property that indicates the opening date or inception date of this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Walk of Fame (wd:Q71719): more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded i...ulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California
2. star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star (wd:Q17985761): award in the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Hollywood, California, United States
3. Hollywood's Rock Walk of Fame (wd:Q3139400)
4. Walk of Fame (wd:Q48673901): 2017 film by Jesse Thomas
5. Walk of Fame (wd:Q51084447): street in Saint Petersburg, Russia
6. Starr gets star; Ringo added to Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q18021457): Wikinews article
7. Walk of Fame (wd:Q7962075): memorial for famous dogs in Battersea Park, London, England, UK
8. walk of fame (wd:Q47502370): sidewalk or similar construction that commemorates outstanding individuals in a particular group
9. Walk of Fame (wd:Q114476628): episode of Cupcake Wars (S2 E11)
10. Walk of Fame, also known as Wigan's Walk of Fame, Believe Square (wd:Q121879112): public walkway in Wigan, England

[Assistant] The entity "Hollywood Walk of Fame" is identified as wd:Q71719 in Wikidata. Next, I will look for the property that indicates the opening date or inception date of this entity. The property for inception or start date is commonly P571 (inception). I will check if this property is available for the Hollywood Walk of Fame entity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                            | property             | object                              |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q71719) | inception (wdt:P571) | 1958-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the inception year of the Hollywood Walk of Fame using the property P571 (inception). The answer '1958' matches the data from Wikidata and is a reasonable response to the question about the year it opened. The query is simple, precise, and returns the expected result. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?language ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q843 wdt:P37 ?language .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 2 (xsd:int) |

Pakistan has 2 official languages.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many official languages has Pakistan ?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "How many official languages has Pakistan?", I need to:

1. Identify the entity for Pakistan in Wikidata.
2. Find the property that relates to official languages of a country.
3. Query the number of official languages for Pakistan.

First, I will search for the entity "Pakistan" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pakistan, also known as Islamic Republic of Pakistan, PAK, pk, Republic of Pakistan (wd:Q843): sovereign state in South Asia
2. Dominion of Pakistan, also known as Pakistan (wd:Q2006542): period of Pakistani history between 1947 to 1956
3. West Pakistan, also known as Pakistan (wd:Q2342822): Western Wing of Pakistan between 1947–1970
4. Pakistan (wd:Q4121082): village in Purnia district, Bihar, India
5. Urdu 1, also known as Pakistan (wd:Q2786023): Pakistani Urdu-language television network
6. Pakistan (wd:Q57206806): village in Cameroon
7. Pakistan (wd:Q122963846): 2023 single by D-Block Europe and Clavish
8. Khan Bela, also known as Liaqatpur, Pakistan, Rahim Yar Khan (wd:Q31308479): Khan Bela is a city in Rahim Yar Khan District, Punjab, Pakistan...is {{cvt|90|km|mile}} from Khan Bela and Bahawalpur is {{cvt|105
9. Pakistan (wd:Q87704056): scientific article published on 01 November 1987
10. Pakistan (wd:Q99573810): scientific article published on 01 October 2020

[Assistant] The entity for Pakistan as a sovereign state in South Asia is wd:Q843. Next, I will search for the property that relates to official languages of a country. I will search for properties related to "official language" to find the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Assistant] The property "official language" (wdt:P37) is the relevant property for languages designated as official by a country. Now I will write a SPARQL query to count the number of official languages for Pakistan (wd:Q843) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 2 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly counts the number of official languages of Pakistan using the property wdt:P37. The query returns the count as 2, which matches the provided answer. The query is well-formed, returns the correct identifiers, and does not perform any unnecessary computation outside SPARQL. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?creator ?creatorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q16889037 wdt:P170 ?creator .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?creator rdfs:label ?creatorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?creatorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| creator                      | creatorLabel        |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Tina Fey (wd:Q14540)         | Tina Fey (en)       |
| Robert Carlock (wd:Q7342763) | Robert Carlock (en) |

The creators of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt are Tina Fey and Robert Carlock.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who was the creator of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who was the creator of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt?", I need to identify the entity "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" in Wikidata and then find the property that indicates its creator. Typically, the property for creator or author is "creator" (P170) or "developer" (P178) or "screenwriter" (P58) for TV shows.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (wd:Q16889037): American comedy streaming television series
2. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, season 1 (wd:Q21186375): season of television series
3. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, season 4 (wd:Q54847377): season of television series
4. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, season 3 (wd:Q30158232): season of television series
5. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, season 2 (wd:Q25093973): season of television series
6. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt theme song (wd:Q28787990): song
7. Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs. the Reverend, also known as Kimmy vs. the Reverend, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt: Kimmy vs the Reverend (wd:Q98708760): 2020 interactive film directed by Claire Scanlon
8. Kimmy Schmidt, also known as Kimberly Cougar Schmidt, Kimberly Schmidt (wd:Q23017207): fictional Protagonist of Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
9. Käthe Kollwitz, also known as Kėte Kolʹvit︠s︡, Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz, Kʻo-le-hui-chih, Kathe Schmidt, Käthe Schmidt (wd:Q142472): German printmaker and sculptor (1867–1945), architectural draftsperson, graphic artist, autobiographer, poster artist, draftsperson, lithographer, illustrator, printmaker, sculptor, designer, painter, artist
10. Unbreakable (wd:Q650613): 2000 film directed by M. Night Shyamalan

[Assistant] The entity "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" is identified as wd:Q16889037 in Wikidata. Now, I will look for the property that indicates the creator of this TV series. I will check the properties related to "creator" or similar for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as p/wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
2. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
3. composer, also known as music by, written by, songwriter, musical score by, film score by (wd:P86 as p/wdt): person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)], creator
4. original language of film or TV show, also known as media language, original language, language of the original work, created on language (wd:P364 as p/wdt): language in which a film or a performance work was originally cr... works and songs; use P407 ("language of work or name") instead., language of work or name
5. producer, also known as music producer, record producer, produced by, film producer, creative producer (wd:P162 as p/wdt): person(s) who produced the film, musical work, theatrical produc...etc.) [for production company, use P272, video games - use P178]
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
8. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as p/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
9. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as p/wdt): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
10. MusicBrainz artist ID, also known as MB artist ID, MBID artist (wd:P434 as p/wdtn/wdt): identifier for an artist in the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "creator" (wdt:P170) is the appropriate property to find the creator of "Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt" (wd:Q16889037). I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the creator(s) of this TV series.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| creator                      | creatorLabel        |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Tina Fey (wd:Q14540)         | Tina Fey (en)       |
| Robert Carlock (wd:Q7342763) | Robert Carlock (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the creators of 'Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt' using the property wdt:P170. The query returns both Tina Fey and Robert Carlock, which matches the known creators of the series. The query also optionally retrieves English labels for the creators, which is helpful for readability. The answer provided is accurate and complete. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?film ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?film wdt:P57 wd:Q8006 .
  ?film wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 32 (xsd:int) |

Akira Kurosawa directed 32 movies according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many movies were directed by Akira Kurosawa ?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "How many movies were directed by Akira Kurosawa?", I need to:

1. Identify the entity for Akira Kurosawa in Wikidata.
2. Identify the property for "director" or "directed by" in Wikidata.
3. Count the number of movies (films) that have Akira Kurosawa as the director.

First, I will search for the entity "Akira Kurosawa" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Akira Kurosawa, also known as Kurosawa Akira, Kurosawa (wd:Q8006): Japanese filmmaker (1910–1998), film producer, film director, screenwriter, film editor, producer, director, painter, writer
2. Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q95472952): former JGSDF officer, military officer
3. Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q110408919): fictional character from the television series The Simpsons, waiter, sensei
4. Akira Kurosawa bibliography (wd:Q17003557)
5. Ak: Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q123305558): 1985 film by Chris Marke
6. Dreams, also known as Akira Kurosawa's Dreams (wd:Q418809): 1990 film by Akira Kurosawa, Ishirō Honda
7. Criticism of Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q5186786): negative criticisms of the Japanese film director
8. filmmaking technique of Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q30154500)
9. The Films of Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q124077496)
10. Akira Kurosawa’s Natural Story (wd:Q119422666)

[Assistant] I found the entity for Akira Kurosawa as wd:Q8006, which is the Japanese filmmaker. Next, I need to find the property that represents "director" or "directed by" for movies in Wikidata. I will search for properties related to "director".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. director / manager, also known as leader, manager, manager/director, managing director, Officer-in-Charge (wd:P1037 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person who manages any kind of group, significant person
2. director, also known as film director, movie director, game director, directed by (wd:P57 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): director(s) of film, TV-series, stageplay, video game or similar, contributor to the creative work or subject, creator
3. editor-in-chief, also known as lead editor, managing editor, executive editor, editor in chief, directed by (wd:P5769 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility fo...publishing articles or books in collections or periodical papers
4. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): position of the head of this item
5. creative director (wd:P12617 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person who makes high-level creative decisions, director
6. assistant director, also known as second unit director (wd:P5126 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): assistant stage director of a performing arts, film or television production
7. artistic director (wd:P8938 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person responsible for the overall artistic vision of an organization and for its execution. See also P3174 for works., director / manager
8. art director, also known as artistic director (wd:P3174 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person credited as the art director/artistic director of this wo... designers, lighting designers; See also P8938 for organizations
9. director of photography, also known as cinematographer, DOP (wd:P344 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person responsible for the framing, lighting, and filtration of the subject work, film crew member
10. director of archaeological fieldwork, also known as dig director, director of excavations, excavation director (wd:P4345 as pqn/ps/psv/p/pq/psn/prv/prn/pqv/pr/wdtn/wdt): person leading the archaeological or anthropological investigation at a given site, significant person

[Assistant] The property for "director" or "directed by" in the context of films is wd:P57. Now, I need to count the number of movies (films) that have Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q8006) as the director using this property. I will write a SPARQL query to count these movies.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count        |
| ------------ |
| 32 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly counts the number of movies directed by Akira Kurosawa by selecting films (?film) that have Akira Kurosawa (wd:Q8006) as their director (wdt:P57) and are instances of a film (wd:Q11424). The query returns a single count value, which matches the provided answer of 32 movies. The query follows the rules by returning the count directly and does not perform any post-processing outside SPARQL. The answer is accurate and complete based on the data from Wikidata.