PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?date WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 ; wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 ; wdt:P577 ?date .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel FILTER ( lang( ?albumLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ASC ( ?date )
LIMIT 1

Jay Chou's first album is "Jay" (wd:Q221115), released on November 6, 2000.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] The first album of Jay Chou

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Jay Chou".
2. We need to find the property that links an artist to their albums.
3. We need to determine which album is the "first" (likely by release date).

Step 1: Search for the entity "Jay Chou".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Chou, also known as President Chou, Zhou Jielun, Chou Chieh-lun (wd:Q238819): Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor, recording artist, record producer, film director, songwriter, composer, director, rapper, singer, actor
2. Jayanta Choudhury (wd:Q102339960): Ph.D. University of Louisiana at Lafayette 2008
3. Jaya Choudhary (wd:Q88317282): researcher
4. Jayadratha Choudhury (wd:Q107562664): Indian Odia-language writer, writer
5. Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331): 2016 studio album by Jay Chou
6. Jayanta Narayan Choudhury, also known as Jayanto Narayan Choudhury (wd:Q110437452): Indian police officer
7. Choudhury Jayprakash Das, also known as Choudhury Jayaprakash Das, Caudhurī Jaẏaprakāśa Dāsa (wd:Q60511536): Indian actor and academic, film actor, teacher, actor
8. Jay Chou 2007 World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q1100149): live album
9. J, also known as ᴊ, Juliett, Juliet, j, jay (wd:Q9773): 10th-17th letter of Latin alphabets
10. Eurasian Jay, also known as Garrulus glandarius, Jay, European Jay (wd:Q25354): species of bird

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Jay Chou is wd:Q238819.

Next, we need to find the property that links a musician to their albums. Let's search for properties related to "album".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
2. form of creative work, also known as work type, work form, type of work, artform, type of reference work (wd:P7937 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): structure of a creative work
3. featured track(s), also known as songs, soundtrack, OST, music tracks, music track (wd:P10664 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): soundtrack of this audiovisual work
4. tracklist, also known as tracks, track listing, track list, songs, list of tracks (wd:P658 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): audio tracks contained in this release, has part(s)
5. record of, also known as is a record of, is record of, records (wd:P11851 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): state or event an object is a physical representation of
6. number of records, also known as entries, rows, records, quantitiy of records, number of rows (wd:P4876 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): number of values of an identifier or records in a catalog
7. soundtrack release, also known as soundtrack single, soundtrack extended play, soundtrack album, has soundtrack album, OST (wd:P406 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): music release that incorporates music directly recorded from the soundtrack of an audiovisual work
8. music created for, also known as music for, music for work, music made for, music made for work, music written for (wd:P9899 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): a work, event, etc. for which a musical composition was created ... was written; a film for which motion picture music was created), created for
9. personal best, also known as PR, record, personal record, PB (wd:P2415 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): an individual's best performance in a given discipline
10. MusicBrainz release group ID, also known as album MBID, single MBID, single ID (MusicBrainz), release group MBID, release group ID (MusicBrainz) (wd:P436 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): identifier for a release group per the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia (album, single, etc.)

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for linking an artist to their albums is not directly in the list, but "published in" (wd:P1433) and "tracklist" (wd:P658) are related. However, usually, the property "performer" (wd:P175) or "artist" is used to link albums to artists. Let's check which properties are used for Jay Chou that relate to albums.

I'll search for properties of Jay Chou related to "album".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as p/wdt): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as p/wdt): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as p/wdt): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
7. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version), also known as iTunes author ID, music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, Apple Music artist ID (American version) (wd:P2850 as p/wdt): identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
8. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
9. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
10. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "discography" (wd:P358) is present, which may link to a list of Jay Chou's albums, but not directly to the albums themselves. To find Jay Chou's albums, it's common to query for items where Jay Chou is the performer (wd:P175).

Let's search for albums where Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) is the performer, and then sort them by release date to find the first one. First, let's confirm the property "performer".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
4. setlist, also known as set list, works performed, songs performed, performances, performance list (wd:P9793 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): performances of songs or other music at an event; concert program, presented works
5. number of representations, also known as shows, performances, number of shows, number of concerts, no. of shows (wd:P5027 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): number of shows (including the premiere) of a concert tour or a performing arts production
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
8. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator
9. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb
10. talk show guest, also known as show guest, podcast guest, participant in talk show, participant in podcast interview, interviewed person (wd:P5030 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): person invited in a talk show, recorded participant

[Assistant]
The property "performer" (wd:P175) is correct for linking Jay Chou to his albums.

Now, let's find all items where Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) is the performer and the item is an album. To ensure we only get albums, we should filter for items that are instances of "album" (wd:Q482994).

Let's also retrieve the release date (likely property wd:P577) to sort and find the first album. I'll confirm the property for "publication date" or "release date".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of commercialization, also known as availability date, commercialization date, product release date, release date (wd:P5204 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date when a product was first commercialized
2. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
3. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. day of regular release (wd:P6437 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): day(s) when parts of this creative work are released, aired, published, etc
6. service entry, also known as commissioned, time of service entry, service introduction, launch date, in service (wd:P729 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service, start time
7. date of official opening, also known as launch date, launched, officially opened on, official opening, official opening time (wd:P1619 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date or point in time a place, organization, or event officially opened, start time, inception
8. UTC date of spacecraft launch, also known as time of spacecraft launch, spacecraft launch time, spacecraft launch date, launch time, launch date (wd:P619 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date of spacecraft launch in UTC
9. production date, also known as date of production, filming date, filming time, production date, year of production (wd:P2754 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): period of active production of (creative) work; the only date st... publication date (P577); in general cases, use inception (P571)
10. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place

[Assistant]
The property "publication date" (wd:P577) is the correct one for the release date of an album.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find all albums (wd:Q482994) where Jay Chou (wd:Q238819) is the performer (wd:P175), retrieve their release dates (wd:P577), and sort them to find the first one. I will also retrieve the label for the album for clarity.

Let's execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| album            | albumLabel | date                                |
| ---------------- | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Jay (wd:Q221115) | Jay (en)   | 2000-11-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?show ?label WHERE {
  ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 ; wdt:P580 ?start .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?start ) = 1975 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?show rdfs:label ?label FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 249 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| show                                               | label                                      |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            | Gabriela (en)                              |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          | On the Mat (en)                            |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                | Cher (en)                                  |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    | Carry On Laughing (en)                     |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          | Space: 1999 (en)                           |
| ...                                                | ...                                        |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             | Beschlossen und verkündet (en)             |
| wd:Q86210547                                       |                                            |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (en) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (en) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           | Miś Uszatek (en)                           |

Shows that aired for the first time in the same year as Saturday Night Live (1975) include: Gabriela, On the Mat, Cher, Carry On Laughing, Space: 1999, Beschlossen und verkündet, Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder, Miś Uszatek, and many others. The full list is available in the query results.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which shows aired for the first time the same year as Saturday Night Live ?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. Identify the entity for "Saturday Night Live".
2. Find the property for "first aired" or "original air date".
3. Get the year Saturday Night Live first aired.
4. Find other shows that first aired in the same year.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Saturday Night Live".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night, NBC's Saturday Night (wd:Q13979): American late-night live television sketch comedy show
2. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q6122059): television series
3. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q23039888): tv show aired in 2016
4. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28452163): album by Trouble Funk
5. Saturday Night Live Korea, also known as SNL Korea, SNL.KOREA, SNL Korea 6 (wd:Q7426718): 2011 South Korean television series
6. Le Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28194825): French late-night live television comedy show
7. Saturday Night Live Japan (wd:Q11304712): Japanese TV series or program
8. history of Saturday Night Live, also known as Saturday Night Live history (wd:Q5866387): List article
9. Katy Perry/Robyn, also known as Saturday Night Live Season 37 Episode 9, Saturday Night Live S37E9, Saturday Night Live, season 37 episode 9 (wd:Q5483492): episode of Saturday Night Live (S37 E9)
10. Saturday Night Live Samurai (wd:Q7426709): recurring SNL character, samurai

[Assistant]
The main entity for the American sketch comedy show "Saturday Night Live" is wd:Q13979.

Next, I need to find the property for "first aired" or "original air date" to determine when Saturday Night Live first aired. I'll search for properties related to "first aired".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. location of first performance, also known as premiere, premiered at, premiere held at, premiere location, world premiere (wd:P4647 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): location where a work was first debuted, performed or broadcasted, significant place
2. original broadcaster, also known as TV channel, television channel, radio station, radio network, original network (wd:P449 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): network(s) or service(s) that originally broadcast a radio or television program, broadcast by
3. first appearance, also known as debut, present initially in, introduced in work, initial appearance, first film (wd:P4584 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): work in which a fictional/mythical character or entity first appeared, present in work
4. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
5. introduced in, also known as added in, introduced by, first published in, first appeared in (wd:P10695 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): work that introduced this concept
6. part of the series, also known as series, video game series, subseries, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): series which contains the subject, part of
7. debut participant, also known as debut country, first-time participant, first appearance for (wd:P2318 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): participant for whom this is their debut appearance in a series of events
8. broadcast by, also known as streamed by, TV station, TV network, TV channel, radio station (wd:P3301 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): channel, network, website or service that broadcast this item over radio, television or the Internet
9. first performance by, also known as first performed by, premiered by, world premiere by, world premiere performed by, world premier performance by (wd:P11849 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): performer or performing group for the first performance of a work
10. date of first performance, also known as time of first performance, world premiere date, world premiere, premiere date, premiere (wd:P1191 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date a work was first debuted, performed or live-broadcasted, publication date

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for "first aired" or "original air date" seem to be:
- publication date (wd:P577): often used for the release or first broadcast of works.
- date of first performance (wd:P1191): can also be used for the first broadcast.

I'll check which of these properties is used for "Saturday Night Live" (wd:Q13979) by listing its properties.

[Tool]
Got 694 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                         | property                     | object                                                                    |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | television series (wd:Q5398426)                                           |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Saturday Night Live (en)                                                  |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | Saturday Night Live                                                       |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)       | Saturday Night Live, season 38 (wd:Q4390438)                              |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | country of origin (wdt:P495) | United States (wd:Q30)                                                    |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | official website (wdt:P856)  | <https://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live>                                 |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | genre (wdt:P136)             | satire (wd:Q128758)                                                       |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | award received (wdt:P166)    | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety Sketch Series (wd:Q25021475) |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | cast member (wdt:P161)       | Selena Gomez (wd:Q83287)                                                  |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | creator (wdt:P170)           | Lorne Michaels (wd:Q521221)                                               |
| ...                             | ...                          | ...                                                                       |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                         | property              | object                              |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979) | start time (wdt:P580) | 1975-10-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
"Saturday Night Live" (wd:Q13979) has a "start time" (wdt:P580) of 1975-10-11, which is its original air date.

Now, I need to find other television shows that first aired (have a "start time" or equivalent property) in 1975.

To do this, I'll look for entities that are instances of "television series" (wd:Q5398426) and have a "start time" (wdt:P580) in 1975.

[Tool]
Got 249 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| show                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          |
| ...                                                |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             |
| wd:Q86210547                                       |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           |

[Tool]
Got 249 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| show                                               | label                                      |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            | Gabriela (en)                              |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          | On the Mat (en)                            |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                | Cher (en)                                  |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    | Carry On Laughing (en)                     |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          | Space: 1999 (en)                           |
| ...                                                | ...                                        |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             | Beschlossen und verkündet (en)             |
| wd:Q86210547                                       |                                            |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (en) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (en) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           | Miś Uszatek (en)                           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?team ( COUNT( ?finals ) AS ?championships ) WHERE {
  ?finals wdt:P31 wd:Q842375 .
  ?finals wdt:P1346 ?team .
}
GROUP BY ?team
ORDER BY DESC ( ?championships )

Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| team                               | championships |
| ---------------------------------- | ------------- |
| Boston Celtics (wd:Q131371)        | 17 (xsd:int)  |
| Los Angeles Lakers (wd:Q121783)    | 16 (xsd:int)  |
| Chicago Bulls (wd:Q128109)         | 6 (xsd:int)   |
| San Antonio Spurs (wd:Q159729)     | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Golden State Warriors (wd:Q157376) | 4 (xsd:int)   |
| ...                                | ...           |
| Atlanta Hawks (wd:Q159893)         | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Washington Wizards (wd:Q169165)    | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Dallas Mavericks (wd:Q132893)      | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Seattle SuperSonics (wd:Q235326)   | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Baltimore Bullets (wd:Q2928124)    | 1 (xsd:int)   |

The NBA teams that have won the most seasons are the Boston Celtics (17 championships) and the Los Angeles Lakers (16 championships), followed by the Chicago Bulls (6), San Antonio Spurs (5), and Golden State Warriors (4).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which NBA teams have won the most seasons?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for NBA teams (entities).
2. We want to know which teams have won the most seasons (i.e., NBA championships).
3. We need to find the property that links teams to NBA championships won, and then count the number of championships per team, ordering by the highest count.

First, I will search for the entity representing the NBA championship to find the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. NBA Championship ring, also known as The NBA Championship (wd:Q18156668): Championship ring for winning the NBA Finals
2. Larry O'Brien Championship Trophy, also known as Larry O'Brien NBA Championship Trophy (wd:Q31736): basketball trophy
3. 1957 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1957 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1957 NBA Finals, 1957 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q3072448): 1957 basketball championship series
4. 1952 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1952 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1952 NBA Finals, 1952 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q4567490): 1952 basketball championship series
5. 1950 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1950 National Basketball Association Finals, 1950 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1950 NBA Finals, first NBA Finals (wd:Q4566866): basketball championship series of the first National Basketball ...iation season (1st annual NBA finale, officially the 4th annual)
6. 1951 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1951 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1951 NBA Finals, 1951 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q4567168): 1951 basketball championship series
7. 1985 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1985 National Basketbal Association World Championship Series, 1985 National Basketball Association Finals, 1985 NBA Finals (wd:Q3072478): 1985 basketball championship series
8. 1983 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1983 NBA Finals, Showdown '83, 1983 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1983 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q2886405): 1983 basketball championship series
9. 1984 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1984 National Basketball Association Finals, 1984 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1984 NBA Finals, Showdown '84 (wd:Q3072477): 1984 basketball championship series
10. 1987 NBA World Championship Series, also known as 1987 National Basketball Association World Championship Series, 1987 NBA Finals, 1987 National Basketball Association Finals (wd:Q3072482): 1987 basketball championship series

[Assistant]
From the search results, it seems that each NBA Finals (championship series) is represented as a separate entity (e.g., "1957 NBA World Championship Series"). To answer the question, I need to find all NBA Finals entities and determine which team won each one, then count the number of wins per team.

The next step is to find the property that links an NBA Finals entity to the winning team. I will search for properties related to "winner" or "champion" on one of these NBA Finals entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as p/wdt): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
2. official name, also known as long title, name, official title, registered name, full title (wd:P1448 as p/wdt): official name of the subject in its official language(s), name
3. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as p/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
4. follows, also known as prev, successor to, succeeds to, succeeds, split from (wd:P155 as p/wdt): immediately prior item in a series of which the subject is a par... preceding item, e.g. political offices, use "replaces" (P1365)]
5. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
6. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with
7. followed by, also known as continued as, then, successor, succeeded by, sequel is (wd:P156 as p/wdt): immediately following item in a series of which the subject is a...een replaced, e.g. political offices, use "replaced by" (P1366)]
8. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as p/wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
9. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "winner" (wdt:P1346) is used to indicate the winner of a competition or event, such as the NBA Finals.

To answer the question, I need to:
- Find all NBA Finals entities (each season's championship series).
- For each, get the winner (team) using wdt:P1346.
- Count the number of wins per team.
- Order by the number of wins, descending.

First, I need to identify the class or property that links all NBA Finals entities together (e.g., "instance of" NBA Finals). I'll check the "instance of" property for one NBA Finals entity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                          | property              | object                  |
| ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------- | ----------------------- |
| 1957 NBA World Championship Series (wd:Q3072448) | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |

[Tool]
Got 77 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                         | property              | object                  |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- |
| 2022 NBA Finals (wd:Q112083544) | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2019 NBA Finals (wd:Q63940565)  | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2021 NBA Finals (wd:Q107377340) | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2023 NBA Finals (wd:Q118126592) | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2008 NBA Finals (wd:Q2036161)   | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2011 NBA Finals (wd:Q1320332)   | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2006 NBA Finals (wd:Q170590)    | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2009 NBA Finals (wd:Q1959941)   | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2016 NBA Finals (wd:Q24264147)  | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| 2012 NBA Finals (wd:Q2628013)   | instance of (wdt:P31) | NBA Finals (wd:Q842375) |
| ...                             | ...                   | ...                     |

[Tool]
Got 18 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| team                               | championships |
| ---------------------------------- | ------------- |
| Boston Celtics (wd:Q131371)        | 17 (xsd:int)  |
| Los Angeles Lakers (wd:Q121783)    | 16 (xsd:int)  |
| Chicago Bulls (wd:Q128109)         | 6 (xsd:int)   |
| San Antonio Spurs (wd:Q159729)     | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Golden State Warriors (wd:Q157376) | 4 (xsd:int)   |
| ...                                | ...           |
| Atlanta Hawks (wd:Q159893)         | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Washington Wizards (wd:Q169165)    | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Dallas Mavericks (wd:Q132893)      | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Seattle SuperSonics (wd:Q235326)   | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| Baltimore Bullets (wd:Q2928124)    | 1 (xsd:int)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?height ?unit ?cathedral WHERE {
  BIND( wd:Q4176 AS ?cathedral ) ?cathedral wdt:P2048 ?height .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?cathedral p:P2048 ?statement .
    ?statement ps:P2048 ?height .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?statement pq:P518 ?appliesTo .
    }
    OPTIONAL {
      ?statement psv:P2048 ?heightValueNode .
      ?heightValueNode wikibase:quantityUnit ?unit .
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?cathedral rdfs:label ?label FILTER ( lang( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

The height of the Cologne Cathedral is 157 metres.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How high is the Cologne Cathedral ?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Cologne Cathedral".
2. The property is "height".

First, I will search for the entity "Cologne Cathedral" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cologne Cathedral, also known as High Cathedral of St. Peter (wd:Q4176): Roman-Catholic cathedral in Cologne, Germany
2. Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q20891184): painting by Oskar Kokoschka
3. Cologne Cathedral Seal (wd:Q1795817): part of Cologne Cathedral
4. Baptistry Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q106498805)
5. Cologne Cathedral, 1869 (wd:Q119111134): painting by James Webb (1835–1895), Bristol Museum & Art Gallery
6. Bells of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q1795814)
7. Finials of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q1408999): cologne cathedral
8. Organs of Cologne Cathedral, also known as Organs in Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q7102106)
9. The Beggar from Cologne Cathedral, also known as Beggar from Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q15241065): 1927 film by Rolf Randolf
10. Surroundings of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q65233962): cologne Cathedral surroundings

[Assistant]
The main entity for Cologne Cathedral is wd:Q4176.

Next, I will search for the property related to "height" to find the correct property to use in the SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. clearance, also known as span height, height of deck bottom, bridge height, height above water, height above valley floor (wd:P2793 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): distance between surface under bridge and bottom of a bridge deck
2. height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): vertical length of an entity, length
3. elevation above sea level, also known as MAMSL, MASL, height, elevation above mean sea level, elevation (wd:P2044 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): height of the item (geographical object) as measured relative to sea level
4. height of center of mass, also known as center of mass height, centre of gravity height, centre of mass height, CG height, CGZ (wd:P8497 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): distance between the center of gravity and the bottom of this object
5. duration, also known as time length, timespan, time span, time interval, runtime (wd:P2047 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): length of time of an event or process
6. length, also known as size, long, LOA, distance, dimension (wd:P2043 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): measured dimension of an object
7. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): area occupied by an object
8. width, also known as breadth, bus width, size (wd:P2049 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): width of an object, length
9. height of letters (wd:P12549 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): height of the letters of an inscription, height
10. entry height (wd:P13238 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): height of the entrance above ground level for boarding vehicles

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the height of a building is "height" (wd:P2048).

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to get the height of Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q4176) using the property "height" (wd:P2048). I will also try to get the unit and an optional label for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| height            | unit              | cathedral                    |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------------- |
| 157 (xsd:decimal) | metre (wd:Q11573) | Cologne Cathedral (wd:Q4176) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q1048744 .
  ?person p:P39 ?statement .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P580 ?start .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?end .
  }
  FILTER ( ( ?end < "1964-10-14T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) || ( ( BOUND( ?start ) && ?start < "1964-10-14T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) && ?person != wd:Q765165 ) )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 2 (xsd:int) |

There were 2 General Secretaries of the CPSU before Leonid Brezhnev.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many General Secretaries of the CPSU were there before Leonid Brezhnev?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity "General Secretary of the CPSU" (Communist Party of the Soviet Union).
2. We need to find all people who held this position before Leonid Brezhnev.
3. We need to count the number of such people.

First, I'll search for the entity "General Secretary of the CPSU" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, also known as CCP General Secretary, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Central...e of the Chinese Communist Party, General Secretary, General Secretary of the CCP (wd:Q849418): head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and de facto leader of China
2. Secretary General of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, also known as Secretary General of the CNT (wd:Q3393986): head of the confederation of Spanish anarcho-syndicalist labor unions
3. General Secretary of the CIS (wd:Q119716722): head of the Commonwealth Secretariat
4. Secretary General of the Universal Esperanto Association, also known as Ĝenerala Sekretario de UEA, Universal Esperanto Association Secretary General, Secretary General of the UEA, UEA Secretary General (wd:Q12357331)
5. General Secretary of the YSP (wd:Q130385190)
6. Secretary General of the CSTO (wd:Q119716745): diplomatic head of the CSTO
7. [Address of the general secretary] (wd:Q74790507): scientific article published on 01 June 2002
8. General Secretary of the Interior (wd:Q50128204)
9. General secretary of the Sea (wd:Q78862662): French official position
10. General Secretary of the CGIL, also known as General Secretary of the Italian General Confederation of Labour (wd:Q15355884): leader of the CGIL trade union of Italy

[Assistant] It appears that the exact entity "General Secretary of the CPSU" is not directly listed in the top search results. However, the correct title is "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union." I'll try searching for "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" to find the precise Wikidata entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, also known as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Soviet Union, Gensek of the CPSU (wd:Q1048744): de facto head of state of the Soviet Union and dirigent of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2. Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q115147301)
3. General Department of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q16682297): organization
4. General Secretary Xi Jin-ping’s ...and Their Practical Significance (wd:Q120857259): scholarly article in Studies on Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping Theories, no. 9, 2019
5. Communist Party of the Soviet Union, also known as Bolshevik Party, CPSU, RCP(b), Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (wd:Q79854): Marxist–Leninist founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union
6. Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q4229911): Political party founded in 2001
7. Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q3701765): Political party founded in 1992
8. Appeal to the General Secretary ...States of America, Ronald Reagan (wd:Q43929775): scientific article published on July 13, 1985
9. General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, also known as CCP General Secretary, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Central...e of the Chinese Communist Party, General Secretary, General Secretary of the CCP (wd:Q849418): head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and de facto leader of China
10. Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q2415599): supreme decision-making body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" is wd:Q1048744.

Next, I need to find all people who held this position (P39: position held) before Leonid Brezhnev. To do this, I need:
1. The entity for Leonid Brezhnev.
2. The property for "position held" (likely P39).
3. The start and end dates for each officeholder, to filter those before Brezhnev.

First, I'll search for "Leonid Brezhnev" to get his Wikidata entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Leonid Brezhnev, also known as Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (wd:Q765165): General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1906–1982), military personnel, politician, engineer, surveyor
2. Admiral Kuznetsov, also known as Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov, aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov, Leonid Brezhnev, Riga, Tbilisi (wd:Q274924): 1985 Kuznetsov-class aircraft carrier
3. Starry Metropolis, also known as Neptune, Olivia, IMO 7359498, Kareliya, Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q22968553): ship built in 1976
4. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47510509): painting by Boris Chaliapin
5. Leonid Brezhnev, also known as Whiskey on the Rocks Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q131583282): Leonid Brezhnev as depicted in television series Whiskey on the Rocks, politician
6. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q58345911): Scientific article (April 2014)
7. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47511657): painting by Harvey Simpson
8. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47510378): painting by Burton Philip Silverman
9. Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q47509621): painting by Boris Artzybasheff
10. Yuri Brezhnev, also known as Yuri Leonidovich Brezhnev (wd:Q8061482): Soviet politician (1933-2013), politician

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Leonid Brezhnev is wd:Q765165.

Now, I need to confirm the property for "position held" and check for qualifiers like "start time" and "end time" to filter officeholders before Brezhnev. I'll search for properties related to "position held."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): persons who hold and/or held the position
3. position played on team / speciality, also known as position (on team), speciality, specialism, position, player position (wd:P413 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): position or specialism of a player on a team
4. expression, gesture or body pose, also known as action, expression, facial expression, gesture, movement (wd:P6022 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): qualifier on "depicts" (P180) for human position of an individual in an artwork
5. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
6. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. office contested, also known as contested office, contested position, position contested (wd:P541 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): title of office which election will determine the next holder of
9. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): position of the head of this item
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant] The property for "position held" is wd:P39. Now, I need to check for qualifiers like "start time" and "end time" to determine the tenure of each officeholder. I'll search for properties related to "start time" and "end time" to confirm their property IDs.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
4. earliest date, also known as no earlier than, terminus post quem, start date (earliest), on or after this date, minimum date (wd:P1319 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): earliest date at which an event could have happened. Use as qualifier for other date properties
5. UTC date of spacecraft launch, also known as time of spacecraft launch, spacecraft launch time, spacecraft launch date, launch time, launch date (wd:P619 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date of spacecraft launch in UTC
6. refine date, also known as date refinement, exact time, hour, local time, quarter (wd:P4241 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): qualifier to narrow down the precision of a date not fully specified by the Wikidata time datatype precision field
7. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
8. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
9. start point, also known as start location, launch pad, launch site, starting place, starting point (wd:P1427 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): starting place of this journey, flight, voyage, trek, migration etc., source of transfer, location
10. opening time, also known as hour opens, opens at, opening hour, open hour (wd:P8626 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): time when an establishment or attraction opens, qualifier for P3025

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
2. end period, also known as until period (wd:P3416 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): last period in which the statement is still valid (including the period-value)
3. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
4. work period (end), also known as floruit end, floruit (end of work), flourished (end), retirement, work ends (wd:P2032 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): end of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, end time, floruit
5. destination of transfer, also known as recipient, to, target, receiver, end point (wd:P12694 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): entity that a transferred item comes to be associated with as a result of this process
6. terminus, also known as end point, terminating connection, termini, terminuses, trailhead (wd:P559 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): the feature (intersecting road, train station, etc.) at the end of a linear feature
7. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
8. end cause, also known as cause of ending, ended by, end has cause, end reason, reason for end (wd:P1534 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): qualifier used together with the end date qualifier (P582) to specify the reason for the end
9. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
10. last line, also known as closing line, ending, excipit, final line, final sentence (wd:P3132 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): last line (excipit) of a poem, last sentence of a novel, etc.

[Assistant]
The properties for "start time" and "end time" are wd:P580 and wd:P582, respectively.

Now, I need to find all people who held the position "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (wd:Q1048744) before Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165). To do this, I need to:
1. Find the start time of Brezhnev's tenure as General Secretary.
2. Find all people who held the position with an end time before Brezhnev's start time.

First, I'll check the "position held" statements for Leonid Brezhnev to get the start time of his tenure as General Secretary.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property                | object                                                                             |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (wdt:P39) | General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q1048744)         |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (wdt:P39) | Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (wd:Q2355240)  |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (wdt:P39) | member of the Supreme Soviet of ...et Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q42530449) |

[Tool]
Got 1,127 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                         | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | politician (wd:Q82955)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Leonid (wd:Q29881628)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1907-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Leonid Brezhnev                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Staatshoofden%2C%20portretten%2C%20Bestanddeelnr%20925-6564.jpg> |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Brezhnev (wd:Q16860426)                                                                                |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Kamyanske (wd:Q156719)                                                                                |
| ...                          | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property              | object                                         |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q765165-2154521f-4a1c-446a-e5f9-5e37589ba901 |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q765165-74f0ed0c-42dc-48df-8033-41c05db14ecc |
| Leonid Brezhnev (wd:Q765165) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q765165-b33740d4-4183-ebe5-1564-2a50670b6623 |

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property               | object                                                                     |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | position held (ps:P39) | General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q1048744) |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | start time (pq:P580)   | 1964-10-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                        |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | end time (pq:P582)     | 1982-11-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                        |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | replaced by (pq:P1366) | Yuri Andropov (wd:Q44071)                                                  |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | replaces (pq:P1365)    | Nikita Khrushchev (wd:Q35314)                                              |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | wikibase:rank          | wikibase:NormalRank                                                        |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | rdf:type               | wikibase:BestRank                                                          |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | start time (pqv:P580)  | v:8e1024f5aa1daf7553c91c134f905eec                                         |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | end time (pqv:P582)    | v:f3162f9c83a2a40d699fa73b43a3c4ca                                         |
| s:Q765165-03F49237-857C-45DC-A504-5003EEAE0DA4 | rdf:type               | wikibase:Statement                                                         |

[Assistant]
Leonid Brezhnev started his tenure as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 1964-10-14.

Now, I need to find all people who held the position "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" (wd:Q1048744) and whose end time was before 1964-10-14. If the end time is not specified (e.g., for the first officeholder), I should include those whose tenure ended before Brezhnev's start date.

I will write a SPARQL query to count the number of distinct people who held this position with an end time before 1964-10-14.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query found only one person who held the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and whose end time was before 1964-10-14.

However, this seems unexpectedly low, as there were several General Secretaries before Brezhnev (such as Stalin, Khrushchev, etc.). It's possible that some tenures may not have an explicit "end time" qualifier, or the position may have had different titles (e.g., "First Secretary") during certain periods.

To improve the query, I will:
- Also include statements where the "end time" is not given, but the "start time" is before Brezhnev's start date and the person is not Brezhnev himself.
- Consider both "General Secretary" and "First Secretary" as possible titles for the position, since the office was known as "First Secretary" during Khrushchev's tenure.

First, I'll check if "First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" is a separate entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, also known as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Soviet Union, Gensek of the CPSU (wd:Q1048744): de facto head of state of the Soviet Union and dirigent of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2. Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q115147301)
3. Communist Party of the Soviet Union, also known as Bolshevik Party, CPSU, RCP(b), Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (wd:Q79854): Marxist–Leninist founding and ruling party of the Soviet Union
4. Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q4229911): Political party founded in 2001
5. Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q3701765): Political party founded in 1992
6. [Twenty First Congress of the Co...sks of pathological physiology.] (wd:Q78566276): scientific article published on 01 January 1959
7. Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q2415599): supreme decision-making body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
8. General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, also known as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (wd:Q848786): Head of the Communist Party of Vietnam and top leader of Vietnam
9. First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, also known as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (wd:Q5453787): Head of the Communist Party of Cuba and top leader of Cuba
10. First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, also known as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (wd:Q5453787): Head of the Communist Party of Cuba and top leader of Cuba

[Assistant]
The entity wd:Q1048744 covers both "General Secretary" and "First Secretary" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, so I do not need to add another entity.

To ensure completeness, I will adjust the query to:
- Include people who held the position (wd:Q1048744) and whose "end time" is before 1964-10-14, OR whose "start time" is before 1964-10-14 and who are not Brezhnev himself (to catch cases where "end time" is missing).
- Count distinct people.

Here's the improved query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 2 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The improved query found 2 people who held the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union before Leonid Brezhnev.

Therefore, the answer is: There were 2 General Secretaries of the CPSU before Leonid Brezhnev.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?dateOfDeath WHERE {
  wd:Q6711 wdt:P570 ?dateOfDeath
}

Allen Ginsberg died on April 5, 1997.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When did Allen Ginsberg die?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Allen Ginsberg".
2. The property we need is "date of death".

First, I will search for the entity "Allen Ginsberg" in Wikidata to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Allen Ginsberg, also known as Irwin Allen Ginsberg (wd:Q6711): American poet and writer (1926–1997), autobiographer, photographer, screenwriter, playwright, musician, diarist, teacher, writer, poet
2. Allen Ginsberg (wd:Q102249265): Ph.D. Rutgers University, New Brunswick 1986
3. Allen Ginsberg Library (wd:Q117833470): this entity is a library in the state of colorado. it was identified and verified by the chr task force
4. Untitled (Allen Ginsberg) (wd:Q76558858): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 155538)
5. Allen Ginsberg no number (wd:Q64163104): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 88333)
6. Allen Ginsberg no number (wd:Q64163625): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 88331)
7. Allen Ginsberg no number (wd:Q64163102): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 88336)
8. Allen Ginsberg no number (wd:Q64163079): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 88334)
9. Allen Ginsberg no number (wd:Q64162725): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 88330)
10. Allen Ginsberg no number (wd:Q64162264): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 88332)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for Allen Ginsberg, the American poet, is wd:Q6711.

Next, I need to find the property for "date of death" to retrieve the date he died. I will search for the property "date of death" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
2. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. date of burial or cremation, also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date (wd:P4602 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death, point in time
5. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
6. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
7. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
8. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
9. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
10. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdtn/pqn/psn/psv/pq/pqv/pr/ps/prn/p/prv/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time

[Assistant]
The property for "date of death" is wd:P570.

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to retrieve the date of death for Allen Ginsberg (wd:Q6711) using the property "date of death" (wd:P570).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| dateOfDeath                         |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1997-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process