PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?event WHERE {
  wd:Q5577 wdt:P793 ?event
}

The key event related to Salvador Dalí recorded in Wikidata is his exhumation (wd:Q1898510), which refers to the excavation or digging up of his buried corpse.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What was the key event related to Salvador Dalí?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Salvador Dalí".
2. The user is asking for a "key event" related to him. In Wikidata, "key event" is not a standard property, but events related to a person can be found via properties like "significant event" (P793), "notable work" (P800), or perhaps "event" (P793).

First, I will search for the entity "Salvador Dalí" to get his Wikidata identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577): Spanish artist (1904–1989), jewelry designer, graphic artist, film director, screenwriter, scenographer, photographer, illustrator, holographer, film actor, sculptor, painter, writer, actor
2. Salvador Dalí, also known as Salvador Dali (wd:Q3945890): 1966 short film by Andy Warhol
3. Salvador Dalí, also known as Salvador Dali, Salvador Dalì (wd:Q28669534): 2016 song by Marracash and Guè Pequeno
4. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q3945892): 1970 film
5. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q76627906): photograph by Man Ray
6. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q110890669): 1941 exhibition at Museum of Modern Art
7. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q104633152): exhibition in 1970
8. Salvador Dali (wd:Q76456803): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 147625)
9. Salvador Dali (wd:Q103927804): painting by Otto Duecker
10. Salvador Dalí Desert, also known as Dali Desert, Dalí Desert, Desierto Dali, Salvador Dali Desert (wd:Q1382079): desert in Bolivia

[Assistant]
The main entity for Salvador Dalí, the Spanish artist, is wd:Q5577.

Next, I will search for properties related to "key event" or "significant event" for this entity. The most likely property is "significant event" (P793), but I will verify this by searching for relevant properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as wdt/p): significant or notable events associated with the subject
2. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as wdt/p): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)
3. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as wdt/p): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt/p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/p): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
7. catalogue raisonné, also known as reasoned catalogue, artist catalogue, artist catalog, Art Catalog (wd:P9969 as wdt/p): comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media., catalog
8. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as wdt/p): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
9. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as wdt/p): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
10. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                     | object      |
| ------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ----------- |
| Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577) | significant event (wdt:P793) | wd:Q1898510 |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?event      | ?eventLabel |
| ----------- | ----------- |
| wd:Q1898510 | exhumation  |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| ?event      | ?eventLabel | ?desc                                                               |
| ----------- | ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q1898510 | exhumation  | excavation of a buried corpse; a... digging up, especially a corpse |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?city ?cityLabel ?population ?area WHERE {
  VALUES ?city {
    wd:Q3616 wd:Q64
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?city wdt:P1082 ?population
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?city wdt:P2046 ?area
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?city rdfs:label ?cityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?cityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Tehran, the capital of Iran, has a population of 8,693,706, which is larger than Berlin, the capital of Germany, with a population of 3,782,202. However, Berlin has a larger area (891.12 km²) compared to Tehran (686 km²). So, in terms of population, Tehran is bigger, but in terms of area, Berlin is bigger.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is the capital of Iran bigger than that of Germany?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. Identify the capitals of Iran and Germany.
2. Determine what "bigger" means—likely population or area. Usually, such questions refer to population, but I will check both properties.
3. Compare the populations (and/or areas) of the two capitals.

First, I will search for the capitals of Iran and Germany in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. capital of Iran (wd:L658392-S1)
2. capital of Iran (wd:L476100-S1)
3. capital of Iran (wd:L475601-S1)
4. capital of Iran (wd:L454282-S1)
5. capital of Golestan Province, Iran (wd:L453088-S1)
6. capital city of Kerman Province, Iran (wd:L454184-S1)
7. Internationalisation, global capitalism and the integration of Iran (wd:Q127227901): scholarly article
8. city in and capital of South Khorasan Province, Iran (wd:L453190-S1)
9. capital of, also known as parish seat of, state capital of, state capital, seat of, provincial capital of (wd:P1376): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat
10. Boston, also known as Beantown, The Walking City, The Hub of the Universe, The hub of the universe, The Hub (wd:Q100): capital and largest city of Massachusetts, United States

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Tehran, also known as Teheran, Ṭihrán (wd:Q3616): capital city of Iran
2. Tehran, also known as Ṭihrán, Teheran (wd:Q3616): capital city of Iran
3. Tiran, also known as Tirūn, Tihrān, Tehrān, Tīrān (wd:Q2633350): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
4. Tehran (wd:Q90389788): Israeli spy drama television series
5. Tehran (wd:Q3488811): 1946 film by Giacomo Gentilomo
6. Tehran Von Ghasri, also known as Tehran Ghasri, Tehran (wd:Q30072605): television actor, American actor, film actor, comedian
7. Tehran, also known as Tehroun (wd:Q56357915): 2009 film directed by Nader Takmil Homayoun
8. Tehran (wd:Q123740700): upcoming Indian Hindi- language thriller Action film directed by Arun Gopalan
9. Tehran (wd:Q17361623): British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire
10. Tehran (wd:Q3982596): 1988 album by The Offspring

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. capital city of Germany, also known as capital of Germany (wd:Q5035711): history of the capital cities of Germany
2. capital punishment in Germany, also known as capital punishment (Germany), capital punishment of Germany, German capital punishment, Germany capital punishment, Germany's capital punishment (wd:Q2116154): overview about capital punishment in Germany
3. district capital, also known as District capital of Germany (wd:Q134626): capital of a German rural district
4. capital of Bavaria, Germany (wd:L295121-S1)
5. capital city of Bavaria, Germany (wd:L453337-S1)
6. capital city of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany (wd:L452553-S1)
7. Decision on the Capital of Germany (wd:Q314701): aspect of German history
8. city in and former capital of Germany (wd:L452690-S1)
9. capital of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany (wd:L452585-S1)
10. Germany : Foundation and relocation of capitals, also known as A10 q_Sm32 (wd:Q104725561): folder of the 20th Century Press Archives

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Berlin, also known as Berlin (Germany), Berlin, Germany, DE-BE (wd:Q64): federated state, capital and largest city of Germany
2. Berlin, also known as Berlin, New Hampshire, Berlin, NH (wd:Q821244): city in Coos County, New Hampshire, United States
3. Lincoln, also known as Berlin, Lincoln, IA, Lincoln, Iowa (wd:Q1930098): city in Iowa, United States
4. Berlin (wd:Q614184): town in Maryland, United States
5. Berlin, also known as Berlin, New Jersey, Long-a-Coming, New Jersey, Berlin, NJ (wd:Q1086827): borough in Camden County, New Jersey, United States
6. Berlin, also known as Berlin, GA, Berlin, Georgia, USA, Berlin, USA (wd:Q2345711): town in Colquitt County, Georgia, United States
7. Berlin, also known as Berlin, WI, Berlin, Wisconsin (wd:Q1569850): city in Green Lake and Waushara counties, Wisconsin, United States
8. Berlin, also known as Berlin, ND, Berlin, North Dakota (wd:Q821229): city in North Dakota
9. Berlin (wd:Q2504681): village in Illinois, U.S.
10. Berlin (wd:Q821198): American synthpop band

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): area occupied by an object
2. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
3. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
4. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. water area (wd:P8887 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): area/surface of a geographical entity that is covered by water, area
7. interested in, also known as area of interest, area of research, field of interest, field of research, field of study (wd:P2650 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): item of special or vested interest to this person or organisation
8. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
9. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
10. electoral district, also known as riding, seat, ward, electoral area, electorate (wd:P768 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): electoral district this person is representing, or of the office... or "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602)

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| ?city             | ?cityLabel | ?population | ?area  |
| ----------------- | ---------- | ----------- | ------ |
| Tehran (wd:Q3616) | Tehran     | 8693706     | 686    |
| Berlin (wd:Q64)   | Berlin     | 3782202     | 891.12 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?lang ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q30 wdt:P37 ?lang
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 1      |

The United States of America has 1 official language according to Wikidata, which is English.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] how many official languages does the united states of america have?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "United States of America" in Wikidata.
2. We need to find the property that links a country to its official languages.
3. We need to count the number of official languages for the United States.

First, I'll search for the entity representing the United States of America.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States, also known as the U.S. of A, United States of America, the US of America, United States of North America, U. S. (wd:Q30): country primarily located in North America
2. Istadus Unidus the America, also known as United States of America (wd:Q29045433): Wikimedia permanent duplicate item
3. United States of America (wd:Q100270731): scholarly article
4. United States of America (wd:Q103971355): encyclopedic article; Grove Art Online
5. United States of America (wd:Q105870683): vocal track by Kikki Danielsson; 1980 studio recording
6. United States of America (wd:Q105870692): song written and composed by Donna Fargo, originally recorded by Donna Fargo and released in 1974
7. United States of America (wd:Q106315054): vocal track by Donna Fargo; 1974 studio recording
8. United States of America, also known as Star Trek USA, USA (wd:Q99281400): country of the United States of America as depicted in Star Trek
9. United States of America (wd:L350484-S1)
10. United States (of America) (wd:L399000-S1)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the United States of America as a country is wd:Q30.

Next, I need to find the property that links a country to its official languages. I'll search for properties related to "official language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Assistant]
The property for "official language" is wd:P37.

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to count the number of official languages (wd:P37) for the United States of America (wd:Q30).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 1      |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?lang              |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?country WHERE {
  VALUES ?country {
    wd:Q183 wd:Q36
  }
  ?country wdt:P2046 ?area .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?area )
LIMIT 1

Yes, Germany is bigger than Poland. Germany's area is 357,588 km², while Poland's area is 312,683 km².

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is Germany bigger than Poland?

[Assistant]
To answer whether Germany is bigger than Poland, I need to compare the area of both countries.

Step 1: Identify the entities for Germany and Poland in Wikidata.
Step 2: Find the property for "area" in Wikidata.
Step 3: Retrieve the area values for both countries and compare them.

Let's start by searching for the entities "Germany" and "Poland".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
2. Weimar Republic, also known as German Republic, Weimar Germany, Republic of Germany, Germany, German Reich (wd:Q41304): Germany in the years 1918/1919–1933
3. German Reich, also known as Deutsches Reich, German Empire, German Realm, Germany, Imperial Germany (wd:Q1206012): official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945, and name of Germany until 1949
4. Burg Drachenfels, also known as Germany (wd:Q1011486): castle
5. Germany (wd:Q5552078): European Parliament constituency
6. Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg, also known as Germany (wd:Q2268218)
7. Germany, also known as Germany, IN, Germany, Indiana (wd:Q18151573): unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana
8. Germany (wd:Q19147844): poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky
9. Germany, also known as Ludwig, West (wd:Q3839160): Hetalia character
10. Germany, also known as Germany, Texas, Germany, TX (wd:Q15221573): unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Poland, also known as Republic of Poland (wd:Q36): country in Central Europe
2. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also known as Commonwealth of Poland, First Republic of Poland, Poland, Poland-Lithuania, Poland–Lithuania (wd:Q172107): historical multinational monarchist state in Central Europe (Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania)
3. Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, also known as Kingdom of Poland, Poland (wd:Q171348): 1385–1795 territorial possessions of the King of Poland
4. Poland, also known as Poland, OH, Poland, Ohio (wd:Q2300093): village in Ohio, United States
5. Poland, also known as Poland, Maine, Poland, ME (wd:Q1572109): town in Androscoggin County, Maine, United States
6. Polish, also known as Poland (wd:Q385059): breed of chicken
7. Poland, also known as Boran (wd:Q5763870): village in Kiribati
8. Poland, also known as Poland, Chautauqua County, New York, Poland, New York, Poland, NY (wd:Q7208883): town in Chautauqua County, New York, United States
9. Poland, also known as Poland, Herkimer County, New York, Poland, NY (wd:Q7208887): village in Herkimer County, New York, United States
10. Poland - The Warsaw Concert, also known as Poland (wd:Q599300): album by Tangerine Dream

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): area occupied by an object
2. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
3. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
4. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. water area (wd:P8887 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): area/surface of a geographical entity that is covered by water, area
7. interested in, also known as area of interest, area of research, field of interest, field of research, field of study (wd:P2650 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): item of special or vested interest to this person or organisation
8. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
9. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
10. electoral district, also known as riding, seat, ward, electoral area, electorate (wd:P768 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): electoral district this person is representing, or of the office... or "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602)

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| ?country          | ?countryLabel | ?area  |
| ----------------- | ------------- | ------ |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | Germany       | 357588 |
| Poland (wd:Q36)   | Poland        | 312683 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?occupation ) AS ?occupationCount ) WHERE {
  wd:Q7245 wdt:P106 ?occupation
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?occupationCount |
| ---------------- |
| 12               |

Mark Twain had 12 occupations according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many occupations did Mark Twain have?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for Mark Twain in Wikidata.
2. We need to find the property for "occupation".
3. We need to count the number of occupations associated with Mark Twain.

First, I'll search for the entity "Mark Twain" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Mark Twain, also known as Samuel L. Clemens, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Quintus Curtius Snodgrass, Samuel Clemens (wd:Q7245): American author and humorist (1835–1910), science fiction writer, opinion journalist, children's writer, autobiographer, travel writer, prose writer, journalist, humorist, novelist, aphorist, teacher, writer
2. 2362 Mark Twain, also known as Mark Twain (wd:Q959983): asteroid
3. Mark Twain (wd:Q6770075): crater on Mercury
4. Mark Twain (wd:Q6770076): 2001 documentary film on the life of Mark Twain directed by Ken Burns
5. Mark Twain (wd:Q66716403): 1873 article in Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day
6. Mark Twain, also known as Mark Twain, St. Louis (wd:Q6770071): neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri, United States
7. Rosa 'Mark Twain', also known as Mark Twain (wd:Q83668756): rose cultivar
8. Mark Twain (wd:Q116958637): bronze sculpture by unidentified artist
9. Mark Twain (wd:Q20174185): painting by Charles Noel Flagg
10. Mark Twain (wd:Q79493007): print by Samuel Johnson Woolf (American, 1880-1948) (1920.11)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Mark Twain, the American author and humorist, is wd:Q7245.

Next, I will search for the property "occupation" to find its property ID in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. field of this occupation, also known as practice, works in, profession's field, practices, field of this profession (wd:P425 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): field corresponding to this occupation or profession (use only f...fessions - for people use Property:P101, for companies use P452)
3. members have occupation, also known as profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of, organisation for (wd:P3989 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): some or all members of this group share the occupation
4. practiced by, also known as proponent, studied by, practitioners, practioner, occupation of this field (wd:P3095 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): type of agents that study this subject or work in this field
5. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
6. employer, also known as working at, working for, working place, works at, works for (wd:P108 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): person or organization for which the subject works or worked, affiliation
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): person or organization occupying property, used by
9. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
10. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location

[Assistant]
The property for "occupation" is wdt:P106.

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to count the number of occupations (wdt:P106) associated with Mark Twain (wd:Q7245).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?occupationCount |
| ---------------- |
| 12               |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q79904 wdt:P19 ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel FILTER ( lang( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?placeOfBirth          | ?placeOfBirthLabel |
| ---------------------- | ------------------ |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | New York City      |

The author of The Catcher in the Rye, J. D. Salinger, was born in New York City (wd:Q60).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Where was the author of The Catcher in the Rye born ?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the author of "The Catcher in the Rye".
2. Then, we need to find the place of birth of that author.

First, I'll search for "The Catcher in the Rye" in Wikidata to find its entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Catcher in the Rye, also known as Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883): 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger
2. Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q5051738): Chinese punk rock band
3. Catcher In the Rye (wd:Q16184712): 2011 EP by Datarock
4. Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q110065569): 2021 single by Ross Jennings
5. Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q10443835): song by Guns N' Roses
6. The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q16689546): 2012 debut studio album by Ann
7. The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q125291968): 2001 Back Bay edition
8. Catchers in the rye (wd:Q68693473): scientific article published on 01 January 1990
9. The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture (wd:Q7721703): Influence of J.D. Salinger's 1951 novel
10. The Catcher in the Rye in popular culture (wd:Q7721703): Influence of J.D. Salinger's 1951 novel

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "The Catcher in the Rye" is wd:Q183883, which is the 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger.

Next, I need to find the author of this novel.

[Tool]
Got 443 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                             | property                              | object                                                                                |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | instance of (wdt:P31)                 | literary work (wd:Q7725634)                                                           |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | title (wdt:P1476)                     | The Catcher in the Rye                                                                |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | publication date (wdt:P577)           | 1951-07-16T00:00:00Z                                                                  |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | author (wdt:P50)                      | J. D. Salinger (wd:Q79904)                                                            |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | language of work or name (wdt:P407)   | English (wd:Q1860)                                                                    |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | full work available at URL (wdt:P953) | <http://lib.ru/SELINGER/sel_1.txt>                                                    |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | Commons category (wdt:P373)           | The Catcher in the Rye                                                                |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | image (wdt:P18)                       | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Catcher-in-the-rye-red-cover.jpg> |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | copyright status (wdt:P6216)          | copyrighted (wd:Q50423863)                                                            |
| The Catcher in the Rye (wd:Q183883) | country of origin (wdt:P495)          | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                |
| ...                                 | ...                                   | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The author of "The Catcher in the Rye" is J. D. Salinger (wd:Q79904).

Now, I need to find the place of birth of J. D. Salinger.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt/p): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdt/p): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as wdt/p): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
5. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt/p): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
6. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt/p): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
8. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as wdt/p): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
9. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as wdt/p): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
10. name in native language, also known as native name (wd:P1559 as wdt/p): name of a person in their native language, name

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property                 | object                 |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| J. D. Salinger (wd:Q79904) | place of birth (wdt:P19) | New York City (wd:Q60) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?placeOfBirth          |
| ---------------------- |
| New York City (wd:Q60) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| ?placeOfBirth          | ?placeOfBirthLabel |
| ---------------------- | ------------------ |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | New York City      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?dissolvedDate WHERE {
  wd:Q213849 wdt:P576 ?dissolvedDate
}

No, ATI Technologies (the ATI Company) does not still exist. It was dissolved on January 1, 2011.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Does the ATI Company still exist?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking whether the "ATI Company" still exists.
2. First, I need to identify what "ATI Company" refers to in Wikidata. It could refer to "ATI Technologies" (a well-known graphics card company acquired by AMD), or another company with the acronym ATI.
3. Once I have the correct entity, I need to check for a property indicating whether the company is still in existence (e.g., "dissolved, abolished or demolished date" or similar).

First, I will search for "ATI Company" in Wikidata to identify the correct entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. company, also known as co., firm (wd:Q783794): legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective
2. company, also known as company (military unit), military company (wd:Q102538): military unit size designation
3. enterprise, also known as business enterprise, firm, company (wd:Q6881511): organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits ...n-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources
4. Ati (wd:Q755791): city
5. Aashaadha, also known as Ashadha, Āṭi (wd:Q1105198): month in Hindu calender
6. Artigas Airport, also known as ATI, SUAG (wd:Q1430852): airport
7. Company (wd:Q225093): 2002 film directed by Ram Gopal Varma
8. Company (wd:Q2915810): 1970 musical comedy by Stephen Sondheim
9. Company (wd:Q23723998): 2016 single by Justin Bieber
10. Ati, also known as Ati language, Ati (Philippines) (wd:Q3217458): Malayo-Polynesian language spoken and native to the Ati people of Panay

[Assistant]
The search for "ATI Company" did not return a direct match for a company named "ATI Company." The most relevant entities are general concepts like "company" or unrelated entities. However, in common usage, "ATI Company" often refers to "ATI Technologies," a graphics card company.

To confirm, I will search for "ATI Technologies" in Wikidata to see if it exists as an entity and then check its status.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. ATI Technologies, also known as Array Technologies Incorporated (wd:Q213849): Canadian technology corporation
2. Atipa Technologies (wd:Q67904906): American hardware manufacturer
3. technology, also known as technologies, technological sciences, technicology, tech, technological science (wd:Q11016): making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, t... and methods of organization, or tools and techniques so created
4. Ati (wd:Q755791): city
5. Aashaadha, also known as Ashadha, Āṭi (wd:Q1105198): month in Hindu calender
6. Artigas Airport, also known as ATI, SUAG (wd:Q1430852): airport
7. Ati, also known as Ati language, Ati (Philippines) (wd:Q3217458): Malayo-Polynesian language spoken and native to the Ati people of Panay
8. The Alan Turing Institute, also known as Turing Institute, turing.ac.uk, ATI (wd:Q16826821): research institute in Britain
9. Boneh-ye Ati, also known as Boneh-ye ‘Āţī, ‘Āţī (wd:Q4941616): village in Iran
10. Allegheny Technologies, also known as Allegheny Technologies Incorporated, ATI, ATI Metals (wd:Q1361648): company

[Assistant]
The top result for "ATI Technologies" is wd:Q213849, described as "ATI Technologies, also known as Array Technologies Incorporated," a Canadian technology corporation. This matches the well-known ATI graphics card company.

Now, I need to determine if ATI Technologies still exists. Typically, this is indicated by a "dissolved, abolished or demolished date" property or a "subsidiary" or "parent organization" relationship.

I will search for properties related to dissolution, acquisition, or existence for wd:Q213849.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdt/p): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
2. replaced by, also known as heir, superseded by, successor, succeeded by, next job holder (wd:P1366 as wdt/p): other person or item which continues the item by replacing it in... nor identical, but adds to the series (e.g. books in a series)., followed by
3. total revenue, also known as turnover, sales, revenue, income, gross revenue (wd:P2139 as wdt/p): income gained by an organization during a given time frame. Not to be confused with fiscal revenue
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as wdt/p): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
6. owned by, also known as belongs to, stockholders, stockholder, shareholders, shareholder (wd:P127 as wdt/p): owner of the subject

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                       | property                                           | object               |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| ATI Technologies (wd:Q213849) | dissolved, abolished or demolished date (wdt:P576) | 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z |

[Tool] True

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?dissolvedDate       |
| -------------------- |
| 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?instrument WHERE {
  wd:Q1779 wdt:P1303 ?instrument
}

Louis Armstrong played the following instruments: voice (wd:Q17172850), cornet (wd:Q202027), and trumpet (wd:Q8338).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What instruments did Louis Armstrong play?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Louis Armstrong".
2. The property of interest is "instrument played" or similar.
3. The expected answer is a list of instruments (entities) associated with Louis Armstrong.

First, I will search for the entity "Louis Armstrong" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Louis Armstrong, also known as Satchelmouth, Satch, Satchmo, Louis Daniel Armstrong, Dipper (wd:Q1779): American jazz musician, trumpeter and singer (1901–1971), film score composer, radio personality, recording artist, jazz musician, street artist, film actor, songwriter, bandleader, trumpeter, conductor, writer, singer, actor
2. Louis Armstrong (wd:Q98823980): photograph by Lisette Model (MET, 2019.33)
3. Louis Armstrong (wd:Q132754304): online exhibition from Louis Armstrong House and Archives, Queens College, City University of New York
4. Louis Armstrong (wd:Q100721665): college basketball player (1991–1992) Northern Iowa, basketball player
5. Louis Armstrong Stadium (wd:Q1029132): tennis venue in New York City from 1978 to 2016
6. Louis Armstrong Park (wd:Q931042): park in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
7. Louis Armstrong House, also known as Louis Armstrong House Museum (wd:Q6686652): NY location listed on National Register of Historic Places
8. Louise Armstrong (wd:Q6688616): American writer and feminist, human rights activist, children's writer, writer
9. Louis Armstrong Stadium (wd:Q47487977): tennis stadium opened in 2018, replacing a 1978 venue of the same name
10. Louis Armstrong Jazzfesztivál (wd:Q65218436)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Louis Armstrong, the jazz musician, is wd:Q1779.

Next, I need to find the property for "instrument played" or similar. I'll search for properties related to "instrument" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
2. instrumentation, also known as scoring, scored for, orchestration, instruments employed, orchestrated for (wd:P870 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): combination of musical instruments employed in a composition or accompanying a (folk) dance
3. uses, also known as uses trope, used, using, wielded, wields (wd:P2283 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): item or concept used by the subject or in the operation (see also instrument [P1303] and armament [P520])
4. orchestration, also known as scoring, score notation, orchestration notation, orchestration in notated form, notated scoring (wd:P11862 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): an enumeration of the instruments used in a musical composition or arrangement described using any system of score notation
5. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
6. music transcriber, also known as transcriber of music, notation writer, music notation writer, musical transcriber, musical notation writer (wd:P9260 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): person who transcribed a musical work into musical notation; for composers of music, use P86, creator
7. issuing agent of work, also known as work issued by, organ of, official publication of, official organ of, official journal of (wd:P9901 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): organization, agency, or other entity responsible for issuing a ...f the entity; distinct from commercial publisher of the resource
8. produced sound, also known as call, makes call, makes sound, sound, sound emitted (wd:P4733 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): item for the sound generated by the subject, for instance the cry of an animal
9. MusicBrainz instrument ID, also known as MBinst, MBID instrument, instrument MBID (wd:P1330 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): identifier for an instrument on the music encyclopedia MusicBrainz
10. has melody, also known as uses tune, to the tune of, uses melody, TTTO, has tune (wd:P1625 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): this work has the melody of the following work, references work, tradition or theory

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "instrument played" is "instrument" (wd:P1303).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find all instruments (entities) that Louis Armstrong (wd:Q1779) played, using the property wdt:P1303. I will also try to get the labels for the instruments for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| ?instrument          | ?instrumentLabel |
| -------------------- | ---------------- |
| voice (wd:Q17172850) | voice            |
| cornet (wd:Q202027)  | cornet           |
| trumpet (wd:Q8338)   | trumpet          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?scale ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?scale wdt:P31 wd:Q179651
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 22     |

There are 22 musical scales listed as instances of 'musical scale' in Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many musical scales are there?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the number of musical scales.
2. I need to identify the entity for "musical scale" in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to count how many items are instances of "musical scale".

First, I will search for the entity "musical scale" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. scale, also known as gamut, musical scale (wd:Q179651): set of musical notes ordered by pitch
2. musical scale (wd:L490906-S1)
3. Japanese musical scale (wd:Q1683319): Scales used in Japanese traditional music
4. minor scale; musical scale (wd:L739761-S2)
5. A Perfect Musical Scale (wd:Q60136008): scientific article published in Nature
6. Synthetic Musical Scales (wd:Q58123356)
7. type of musical scale (wd:L640378-S8)
8. MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE AND SCALE PREFERENCE. (wd:Q30335517): scientific article
9. sixth note in musical scale (wd:L739149-S1)
10. sixth note of musical scale (wd:L1405299-S1)

[Assistant]
The main entity for "musical scale" is wd:Q179651, which is defined as a set of musical notes ordered by pitch.

Next, I need to find the property that links items as instances of "musical scale". This is usually "instance of" (P31). I will confirm this by searching for properties related to "instance of".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Wikidata property example, also known as e.g., Wikidata property sample, property sample, property example, for example (wd:P1855 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): example where this Wikidata property is used; target item is one...ualifier the property being described given the associated value
3. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
4. subproperty of, also known as subclass of property, superproperty, subPropertyOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf, parent property (wd:P1647 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): all resources related by this property are also related by that property, related property
5. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
6. model item, also known as specimen, sample, featured item, example item, best example (wd:P5869 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): defines which item is a best practice example of modelling a sub...lue of this property, usage instructions at Wikidata:Model items
7. permanent duplicated item, also known as same concept as, same as, duplicate of, permanently duplicated item, duplicate of item (wd:P2959 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): this item duplicates another item and the two can't be merged, a... cdowiki, gomwiki, nanwiki).  Use P31=Q17362920 for other wikis.
8. exemplar of, also known as contains work, includes work, contents (wd:P1574 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): Links an individual copy of a work to the item for that work or edition, instance of
9. usage example, also known as sentence, use in a sentence, example sentence (wd:P5831 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): example of how a lexeme (sense) might be used
10. fictional or mythical analog of, also known as fictionalisation of, mythical analog of, fictional version of, fictionalization of, fictional analog of (wd:P1074 as wdt/ps/psn/pq/psv/p/pqn/pr/wdtn/prv/pqv/prn): used to link an entity or class of entities appearing in a creat...with the analogous entity or class of entities in the real world, inspired by

[Assistant]
The property "instance of" (wdt:P31) is the correct one to use for finding all items that are instances of "musical scale" (wd:Q179651).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to count the number of items that are instances of "musical scale".

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| ?count |
| ------ |
| 22     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process