PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q696071 wdt:P50 ?author .
  ?author wdt:P800 ?work .
  FILTER ( ?work != wd:Q696071 ) {
    ?work wdt:P921 wd:Q16003532 .
  } UNION {
    ?work wdt:P674 ?character .
    ?character wdt:P31 wd:Q16003532 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER ( lang( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Among the other representative works of the author of Hunter x Hunter, Yu Yu Hakusho is the one about a middle school student. The query now correctly retrieves the label for user-friendliness and checks both main subject and main character relationships.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] among the other representative work of the author of hunter x hunter, which one is talking about middle school student?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. "Hunter x Hunter" is a manga/anime series. We need to find its author.
2. We need to find the author's other representative works.
3. Among those, we need to identify which one is about a middle school student.

Step 1: Find the author of "Hunter x Hunter".
Step 2: Find the author's other representative works.
Step 3: For each work, check if it is about a middle school student.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Hunter x Hunter" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hunter × Hunter, also known as HUNTER × HUNTER, Hunter x Hunter, HXH (wd:Q696071): Japanese manga series
2. Hunter × Hunter, also known as H×H, Hunter x Hunter, HxH (wd:Q70209136): 2011 Japanese anime television series
3. Hunter × Hunter, also known as Hunter x Hunter, HxH (wd:Q21232458): 1999 Japanese anime television series
4. Monster Hunter Generations, also known as Monster Hunter X (wd:Q20856979): 2015 Japanese video game
5. Hunter Xcite (wd:Q60767092): sailboat class
6. Xavier Hunter (wd:Q100806788): basketball player
7. Hunter × Hunter: Phantom Rouge, also known as Hunter X Hunter: Phantom Rouge (wd:Q11398237): 2013 film by Yūzō Satō
8. City Hunter XYZ (wd:Q97170832): fan film by Filip Wong
9. Monster Hunter Generations Ultimate, also known as Monster Hunter XX (wd:Q30302563): 2017 video game
10. XX: Beautiful Hunter (wd:Q8042573): 1994 film by Masaru Konuma

[Assistant]
The main entity for "Hunter x Hunter" (the manga series) is wd:Q696071. Next, I need to find the author of this manga series.

I will look up the properties of wd:Q696071 to find its author.

[Tool]
Got 366 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                            | object                                 |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | manga series (wd:Q21198342)            |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | title (wdt:P1476)                   | ハンターハンター (ja)                          |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | published in (wdt:P1433)            | Weekly Shōnen Jump (wd:Q220015)        |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | author (wdt:P50)                    | Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311)         |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | Japanese (wd:Q5287)                    |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | Commons category (wdt:P373)         | Hunter × Hunter                        |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | Japan (wd:Q17)                         |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | official website (wdt:P856)         | <http://www.vap.co.jp/hunterhunter/>   |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | genre (wdt:P136)                    | fantasy anime and manga (wd:Q15637301) |
| Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) | different from (wdt:P1889)          | Shooter (wd:Q309014)                   |
| ...                          | ...                                 | ...                                    |

[Assistant]
The author of "Hunter x Hunter" is Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311).

Next, I need to find the other representative works of Yoshihiro Togashi. I will look for properties of wd:Q550311 related to works or notable works.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as p/wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
7. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
8. Open Library ID, also known as Open Library book ID, OpenLibrary work ID, Open Library work ID, OpenLibrary identifier, Open Library identifier (wd:P648 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") for book data of the Internet Archive
9. sibling, also known as is sister of, is the brother of, is the sibling of, is the sister of, sib (wd:P3373 as p/wdt): the subject and the object have at least one common parent (brot...law, etc.) and step-siblings (step-brothers, step-sisters, etc.), relative
10. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                        | property                | object                       |
| ------------------------------ | ----------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071) |
| Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) |
| Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Level E (wd:Q483557)         |

[Assistant]
Yoshihiro Togashi's notable works are:
- Hunter × Hunter (wd:Q696071)
- Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473)
- Level E (wd:Q483557)

We already know about "Hunter x Hunter", so we need to check "Yu Yu Hakusho" and "Level E" to see which one is about a middle school student.

Let's start by checking the main subject or protagonist of "Yu Yu Hakusho".

[Tool]
Got 243 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                            | object                               |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | manga series (wd:Q21198342)          |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | title (wdt:P1476)                   | 幽☆遊☆白書 (ja)                          |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | published in (wdt:P1433)            | Weekly Shōnen Jump (wd:Q220015)      |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | author (wdt:P50)                    | Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311)       |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | main subject (wdt:P921)             | middle school student (wd:Q16003532) |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | Japanese (wd:Q5287)                  |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | Commons category (wdt:P373)         | YuYu Hakusho                         |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | Japan (wd:Q17)                       |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | official website (wdt:P856)         | <http://www.yu-haku.com/>            |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | genre (wdt:P136)                    | school anime and manga (wd:Q5366097) |
| ...                          | ...                                 | ...                                  |

[Assistant]
"Yu Yu Hakusho" (wd:Q18225473) has "middle school student" (wd:Q16003532) as its main subject. This matches the requirement of being about a middle school student.

For completeness, let's briefly check "Level E" to ensure it is not also about a middle school student.

[Tool]
Got 119 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject              | property                            | object                                |
| -------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | manga series (wd:Q21198342)           |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | title (wdt:P1476)                   | レベルE (ja)                             |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | published in (wdt:P1433)            | Weekly Shōnen Jump (wd:Q220015)       |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | author (wdt:P50)                    | Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311)        |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | Japanese (wd:Q5287)                   |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | Japan (wd:Q17)                        |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | genre (wdt:P136)                    | comedy anime and manga (wd:Q15286013) |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | start time (wdt:P580)               | 1995-09-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)   |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | end time (wdt:P582)                 | 1996-12-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)   |
| Level E (wd:Q483557) | publisher (wdt:P123)                | Jump Comics (wd:Q11310204)            |
| ...                  | ...                                 | ...                                   |

[Assistant]
There is no indication that "Level E" is about a middle school student, while "Yu Yu Hakusho" explicitly lists "middle school student" as its main subject.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query that:
- Finds the author of "Hunter x Hunter"
- Finds their other notable works
- Returns those works whose main subject is a middle school student

This will answer your question directly.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and returns the expected result, but it could be improved for completeness and clarity. Specifically, the query currently only returns the IRI of the work, but does not provide a label or any other human-readable information. While labels are optional, including them in an OPTIONAL clause would make the result more user-friendly. Additionally, the query assumes that the main subject (P921) of the work is directly 'middle school student' (Q16003532), which may be too restrictive. Some works about middle school students might not have this specific subject but could still be relevant. Consider also checking for works where the protagonist is a middle school student, possibly by exploring character relationships or descriptions. For now, add an OPTIONAL clause for the label and consider broadening the criteria if the result is incomplete.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Here’s my plan to refine the query:

1. Add an OPTIONAL clause to retrieve the rdfs:label of the work for more user-friendly output.
2. Consider broadening the criteria: Instead of only checking if the main subject (wdt:P921) is "middle school student" (wd:Q16003532), I will also check if the work has a main character (wdt:P674) who is a middle school student, or if the description (schema:description) contains "middle school student".
3. I will use UNION to combine these criteria, ensuring we capture works that are about or feature a middle school student as a protagonist.

First, I will check if the property "main character" (P674) is used for these works and if the main character is a middle school student.

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property              | object                         |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Kurama (wd:Q1122114)           |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Hiei (wd:Q3272545)             |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204)  |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Kazuma Kuwabara (wd:Q4388502)  |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Genkai (wd:Q17217577)          |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Mukuro (wd:Q11637247)          |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Koenma (wd:Q18276574)          |
| Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473) | characters (wdt:P674) | Shinobu Sensui (wd:Q125862827) |

[Tool]
Got 65 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                               | object                                                               |
| ----------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | instance of (wdt:P31)                  | fictional detective (wd:Q3656924)                                    |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | occupation (wdt:P106)                  | detective (wd:Q842782)                                               |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)                | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                   |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | creator (wdt:P170)                     | Yoshihiro Togashi (wd:Q550311)                                       |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | present in work (wdt:P1441)            | Yu Yu Hakusho (wd:Q18225473)                                         |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | Google Knowledge Graph ID (wdtn:P2671) | <http://g.co/kg/g/1215vggx>                                          |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | MusicBrainz artist ID (wdtn:P434)      | <http://musicbrainz.org/artist/82a55af4-15a1-4513-8506-fa5694c96d6d> |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | MyAnimeList character ID (wdt:P4085)   | 729                                                                  |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | wdt:P31279                             | character (wd:Q95074)                                                |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description                     | fiktive Figur (de)                                                   |
| ...                           | ...                                    | ...                                                                  |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                       | property           | object                          |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description | fiktive Figur (de)              |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description | personage uit YuYu Hakusho (nl) |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description | Yu Yu Hakusho character (en)    |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description | вигаданий персонаж (uk)         |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description | персонаж YuYu Hakusho (ru)      |
| Yusuke Urameshi (wd:Q4388204) | schema:description | 幽☆遊☆白書の登場人物 (ja)                |

[Assistant]
The main character Yusuke Urameshi does not have a description explicitly mentioning "middle school student" in the available schema:description fields. However, the work "Yu Yu Hakusho" itself has "middle school student" as its main subject, which is a strong indicator.

To improve the query as suggested:
- I will add an OPTIONAL clause for the label.
- I will use a UNION to also check if any main character (wdt:P674) of the work is an instance of "middle school student" (wd:Q16003532), in addition to the main subject check.

Here is the refined SPARQL query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query contains a syntax error due to the incorrect use of OPTIONAL as a function (OPTIONAL(?workLabel)). In SPARQL, OPTIONAL is a clause, not a function, and should be used as 'OPTIONAL { ... }'. The query should be rewritten to remove 'OPTIONAL(?workLabel)' and instead use 'OPTIONAL { ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER (lang(?workLabel) = "en") }'. Please correct the query and try again.

[Assistant]
Thank you for pointing out the syntax error. You are correct: OPTIONAL should be used as a clause, not as a function. I will correct the query by removing OPTIONAL(?workLabel) and instead using OPTIONAL { ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER (lang(?workLabel) = "en") }.

Here is the corrected SPARQL query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
ASK {
  wd:Q1067089 wdt:P279 * ?intermediate .
  ?intermediate wdt:P361 * wd:Q82821 .
}

Yes, throat singing is considered a tradition according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is throat singing a tradition?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking if "throat singing" is a "tradition".
2. I need to identify the entity for "throat singing" and determine if it is classified as a "tradition" in Wikidata.
3. I should search for the entity "throat singing" and then look for properties or statements that relate it to the concept of "tradition".

First, I will search for the entity "throat singing" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. overtone singing, also known as overtone chanting, throat singing, harmonic singing (wd:Q691771): singing technique
2. throat singing, also known as throat song, guttural singing (wd:Q1067089): vocal practices found in different cultures of the world and tha... involve a wide range of techniques for producing voice and song
3. Inuit throat singing, also known as Iirngaaq, Inuit vocal games, Katadjak, katajjaq, Nipaquhiit (wd:Q2956224): form of musical performance uniquely found among the Inuit
4. undertone singing, also known as throat singing (wd:Q109584422): vocal technique
5. Tuvan throat singing, also known as Tuvan overtone singing, xɵɵmej, xöömэi, xöömey, xöömej (wd:Q108757333): music genre
6. Mongolian throat singing, also known as hôômij, khoomei, khöömii, khöömiĭ, Mongolian overtone singing (wd:Q16801007): music genre
7. Throat Singing in Kangirsuk (wd:Q85809428): 2019 film
8. Central Asian throat singing (wd:Q110606359): music genre
9. Overtone focusing in biphonic tuvan throat singing (wd:Q89673823): scientific article published on 17 February 2020
10. 'With singing hearts and throaty roarings...' (wd:Q119399998): painting by Jock McFadyen (b.1950), IWM (Imperial War Museums)

[Assistant]
There are several entities related to "throat singing". The most general ones are:
- wd:Q691771 (overtone singing, also known as overtone chanting, throat singing, harmonic singing): singing technique
- wd:Q1067089 (throat singing): vocal practices found in different cultures of the world

Since the question is about "throat singing" as a tradition, wd:Q1067089 seems to be the most relevant, as it covers the general concept.

Next, I need to determine if "throat singing" (wd:Q1067089) is considered a "tradition". I should search for the entity "tradition" to see how it is represented in Wikidata, and then look for properties that might link "throat singing" to "tradition".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. tradition, also known as custom, folk custom (wd:Q82821): custom passed down through generations
2. common law, also known as tradition, customary law system, custom, common law system, case law system (wd:Q30216): law created by judicial precedent
3. heritage, also known as tradition (wd:Q2434238): property, custom, or other material, immaterial or natural objec...rations, and conserved for its importance for future generations
4. Tradition (wd:Q9019596): sculpture by Agapit Vallmitjana i Barbany
5. Rosa 'Tradition', also known as Tradition (wd:Q83670721): rose cultivar
6. Tradition (wd:Q7832266): journal
7. Tradition (wd:Q7832265): reggae band
8. Tradition (wd:Q7832263): album by Michael Angelo Batio
9. Tradition (wd:Q7832267): song
10. Tradition, also known as Tradition, thou art for suckling children (wd:Q19107178): 1905 Stephen Crane poem

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "tradition" in the sense of a custom passed down through generations is wd:Q82821.

Now, I need to check if "throat singing" (wd:Q1067089) is linked to "tradition" (wd:Q82821) in Wikidata, either directly (e.g., instance of, subclass of, or has part) or through a property that indicates it is a tradition.

I will search for properties of "throat singing" related to "tradition".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as p/wdt): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
2. practiced by, also known as proponent, studied by, practitioners, practioner, occupation of this field (wd:P3095 as p/wdt): type of agents that study this subject or work in this field
3. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. facet of, also known as subitem of, topic of, subtopic of, subject in, section in (wd:P1269 as p/wdt): topic of which this item is an aspect; item that offers a broader perspective on the same topic
7. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as p/wdt): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
8. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
9. permanent duplicated item, also known as same concept as, same as, duplicate of, permanently duplicated item, duplicate of item (wd:P2959 as p/wdt): this item duplicates another item and the two can't be merged, a... cdowiki, gomwiki, nanwiki).  Use P31=Q17362920 for other wikis.
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties to check if "throat singing" is a tradition are "instance of" (wdt:P31) and "subclass of" (wdt:P279). If "throat singing" is an instance or subclass of "tradition" (wd:Q82821), that would answer the question.

I will check what "throat singing" (wd:Q1067089) is an instance of and subclass of.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property              | object                        |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | instance of (wdt:P31) | music genre (wd:Q188451)      |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | instance of (wdt:P31) | voice type (wd:Q1063547)      |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | instance of (wdt:P31) | vocal technique (wd:Q3516862) |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | instance of (wdt:P31) | singing style (wd:Q112613966) |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                      | property               | object                             |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | singing (wd:Q27939)                |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | vocal music (wd:Q685884)           |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | vocal sound (wd:Q4393922)          |
| throat singing (wd:Q1067089) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) |

[Tool]
Got 71 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                            | property                           | object                                                                  |
| ---------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | part of (wdt:P361)                 | tradition (wd:Q82821)                                                   |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | subclass of (wdt:P279)             | intentional human activity (wd:Q451967)                                 |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | manifestation of (wdt:P1557)       | culture (wd:Q11042)                                                     |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)             | /m/02z8h1w                                                              |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | Microsoft Academic ID (wdtn:P6366) | <https://makg.org/entity/2779397844>                                    |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | OpenAlex ID (wdt:P10283)           | C2779397844                                                             |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | wdt:P31279                         | human activity (wd:Q61788060)                                           |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | schema:description                 | działalność człowieka kultywująca tradycję, na niej się opierająca (pl) |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | schema:name                        | kulturális szokás (hu)                                                  |
| traditional activity (wd:Q1982569) | rdf:type                           | wikibase:Item                                                           |
| ...                                | ...                                | ...                                                                     |

[Assistant]
"Throat singing" (wd:Q1067089) is a subclass of "traditional activity" (wd:Q1982569), which is part of "tradition" (wd:Q82821). This means that throat singing is indeed considered a tradition according to Wikidata's ontology.

I will now provide a SPARQL query that checks if "throat singing" is a subclass of something that is part of "tradition", and answer the question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is appropriate for the question, as it checks whether 'throat singing' (wd:Q1067089) is a subclass or part of something that is ultimately part of 'tradition' (wd:Q82821). The use of property paths (wdt:P279* and wdt:P361*) is correct for capturing subclass and part-of hierarchies. The query is an ASK query, which is suitable for a yes/no question. The answer provided matches the query result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?causeOfDeath ?causeOfDeathLabel ?mannerOfDeath ?mannerOfDeathLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?author {
    wd:Q1048
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author wdt:P509 ?causeOfDeath .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?causeOfDeath rdfs:label ?causeOfDeathLabel FILTER ( lang( ?causeOfDeathLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author wdt:P1196 ?mannerOfDeath .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?mannerOfDeath rdfs:label ?mannerOfDeathLabel FILTER ( lang( ?mannerOfDeathLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
}

Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| causeOfDeath          | causeOfDeathLabel | mannerOfDeath         | mannerOfDeathLabel |
| --------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------- | ------------------ |
| bleeding (wd:Q166019) | bleeding (en)     | homicide (wd:Q149086) | homicide (en)      |

Julius Caesar, the author of the phrase "Alea iacta est", died of bleeding (cause of death), and his manner of death was homicide.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what did the author of the phrase: "Alea iacta est" die of?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The phrase "Alea iacta est" is a famous Latin phrase. We need to identify its author.
2. Once we have the author, we need to find out what they died of.

Step 1: Search for the author of the phrase "Alea iacta est".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Alea iacta est, also known as Alea iacta sunt (wd:Q271723): phrase
2. President's message. Alea iacta est (wd:Q84096493): scientific article published on 01 January 2012
3. The ‘Anthropocene’: alea iacta est (wd:Q129631880): scholarly article published on 22 January 2024
4. Strategic initiatives: Alea iacta est! (wd:Q85732933): scientific article published on 01 September 2010
5. Clinical-grade Computational Pathology: Alea Iacta Est (wd:Q92540890): scientific article published on 11 December 2019
6. Particle Therapy in Australia: iacta alea est! (wd:Q99715552): scientific article published on 25 September 2020
7. Alea Jacta Est (wd:Q4714058): album by WarCry
8. Alea Jacta Est (wd:Q25409653): 2012 video game
9. Alea iacta est: a new approach to cardiac output monitoring? (wd:Q45391246): scientific article published in August 2013
10. Alea Jacta Est Tour (wd:Q4714056)

[Assistant]
The top result, wd:Q271723, refers to the phrase "Alea iacta est". Now, I need to find out who is considered the author of this phrase.

I will look for properties of wd:Q271723 that might indicate its author or origin.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as p/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
2. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as p/wdt): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
3. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as p/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property         | object                   |
| --------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------ |
| Alea iacta est (wd:Q271723) | author (wdt:P50) | Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) |

[Assistant]
The author of the phrase "Alea iacta est" is Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048). Now, I need to find out what Julius Caesar died of.

I will search for properties related to "cause of death" for Julius Caesar.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as p/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
2. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as p/wdt): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
3. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as p/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as p/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
5. killed by, also known as slaughtered by, slain by, shot dead by, murderer, murdered by (wd:P157 as p/wdt): person or organization who killed the subject, significant person
6. medical condition, also known as disability, suffers from, suffer from, sickness, paralympic disability (wd:P1050 as p/wdt): any state relevant to the health of an organism, including diseases and positive conditions
7. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as p/wdt): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
9. posthumous name, also known as Honor Death (wd:P1786 as p/wdt): name given to a person after death (East Asia)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                  | object                |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | cause of death (wdt:P509) | bleeding (wd:Q166019) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                    | object                |
| ------------------------ | --------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | manner of death (wdt:P1196) | homicide (wd:Q149086) |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property             | object                                     |
| ------------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | killed by (wdt:P157) | Marcus Junius Brutus (wd:Q172248)          |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | killed by (wdt:P157) | Gaius Cassius Longinus (wd:Q207370)        |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | killed by (wdt:P157) | Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (wd:Q294846) |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | killed by (wdt:P157) | Publius Servilius Casca (wd:Q1243545)      |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) | killed by (wdt:P157) | Tillius Cimber (wd:Q1228715)               |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| causeOfDeath          |
| --------------------- |
| bleeding (wd:Q166019) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| causeOfDeath          | causeOfDeathLabel |
| --------------------- | ----------------- |
| bleeding (wd:Q166019) | bleeding (en)     |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| mannerOfDeath         | mannerOfDeathLabel |
| --------------------- | ------------------ |
| homicide (wd:Q149086) | homicide (en)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query correctly identifies the author of the phrase and retrieves both the cause and manner of death. However, it would be more robust to ensure that the author is indeed Julius Caesar by either checking the label or directly using his Wikidata identifier (wd:Q1048) if known, rather than relying solely on the author property of the phrase. This would make the query more precise and less dependent on the completeness of the 'author' property for the phrase. Additionally, the query currently returns labels within OPTIONAL clauses, which is correct, and returns the IRIs as required. Overall, the answer is correct, but the query could be made more robust and explicit.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To make the query more robust and explicit, I will directly use Julius Caesar's Wikidata identifier (wd:Q1048) as the author of the phrase "Alea iacta est", since historical consensus attributes the phrase to him. This approach avoids dependence on the 'author' property of the phrase entity, ensuring the query's reliability.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

- Directly query Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048) for his cause of death (wdt:P509) and manner of death (wdt:P1196).
- Optionally retrieve English labels for the cause and manner of death.

Final query and answer:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies Julius Caesar as the author of the phrase "Alea iacta est" and retrieves both the cause of death (bleeding) and manner of death (homicide) using the appropriate Wikidata properties. The query returns the IRIs for the results and includes optional labels for human readability, which is acceptable. The answer is accurate and complete according to the user's question. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?event ?eventLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q5577 wdt:P793 ?event .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?event rdfs:label ?eventLabel FILTER ( lang( ?eventLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

According to Wikidata, the only significant event currently recorded for Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577) is his exhumation (wd:Q1898510). The query is robust and will return all significant events and their labels if more are added in the future.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What was the key event related to Salvador Dalí?

[Assistant] First, I need to identify the entity for "Salvador Dalí" in Wikidata, and then determine which properties or statements might correspond to "key event" (such as significant events in his life or career). I will start by searching for the entity "Salvador Dalí".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577): Spanish artist (1904–1989), jewelry designer, graphic artist, film director, screenwriter, scenographer, photographer, illustrator, holographer, film actor, sculptor, painter, writer, actor
2. Salvador Dalí, also known as Salvador Dali (wd:Q3945890): 1966 short film by Andy Warhol
3. Salvador Dalí, also known as Salvador Dali, Salvador Dalì (wd:Q28669534): 2016 song by Marracash and Guè Pequeno
4. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q3945892): 1970 film
5. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q76627906): photograph by Man Ray
6. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q110890669): 1941 exhibition at Museum of Modern Art
7. Salvador Dalí (wd:Q104633152): exhibition in 1970
8. Salvador Dali (wd:Q76456803): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 147625)
9. Salvador Dali (wd:Q103927804): painting by Otto Duecker
10. Salvador Dalí Desert, also known as Dali Desert, Dalí Desert, Desierto Dali, Salvador Dali Desert (wd:Q1382079): desert in Bolivia

[Assistant] The main entity for Salvador Dalí, the Spanish artist, is wd:Q5577. Next, I need to determine which property in Wikidata would represent a "key event" in his life. This could be "significant event", "notable work", or similar. I will search for properties related to "event" to find the most appropriate one.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): significant or notable events associated with the subject
2. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
3. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)
4. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
5. review score by, also known as publication, reviewer, score issuer, scorer (wd:P447 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): issuer of a review score
6. house publication, also known as has mouthpiece, publishes, publication, organization publication, organisation publication (wd:P2813 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): media that speaks for an organization or a movement, and that is usually edited by its members
7. is proceedings from, also known as documents event, is conference proceedings from (wd:P4745 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): this work contains articles presented at the given event
8. final event (wd:P3967 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): final event of a competition
9. MusicBrainz event ID, also known as event ID, event MBID, MBE, MB event ID, MBID event (wd:P6423 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): identifier for an event in the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia
10. set in period, also known as time period set in, time period of setting, time period, takes place in time, takes place during (wd:P2408 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): historical, contemporary, or future period, year, century or day...rk or genre is set in or event featured in the story of the work

[Assistant] The property "significant event" (wdt:P793) is the most relevant for identifying a key event related to Salvador Dalí. I will now check which significant events are associated with Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                     | object      |
| ------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ----------- |
| Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577) | significant event (wdt:P793) | wd:Q1898510 |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| event       | eventLabel      |
| ----------- | --------------- |
| wd:Q1898510 | exhumation (en) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| event       | eventLabel      | desc                                                                     |
| ----------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| wd:Q1898510 | exhumation (en) | excavation of a buried corpse; a... digging up, especially a corpse (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all significant events (wdt:P793) associated with Salvador Dalí. However, the answer only mentions one event (his exhumation), while the query could potentially return multiple significant events. The answer should list all events returned by the query, not just one, unless there is only one result. Please check if there are more significant events and update the answer accordingly, or clarify that exhumation is the only significant event recorded in Wikidata for Dalí.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Based on the previous SPARQL query, only one significant event (exhumation, wd:Q1898510) is associated with Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577) in Wikidata. To ensure completeness, I will clarify in the answer that exhumation is the only significant event recorded for Dalí in Wikidata.

Here is the improved answer and the corresponding SPARQL query:

SPARQL query:
```sparql
SELECT ?event WHERE { wd:Q5577 wdt:P793 ?event }
```

Answer:
Exhumation (wd:Q1898510) is the only significant event recorded in Wikidata for Salvador Dalí.

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the significant events (wdt:P793) associated with Salvador Dalí (wd:Q5577) and returns the IRI as required. However, the answer could be improved by optionally including a human-readable label for the event (using rdfs:label in an OPTIONAL clause), which would make the result more informative for users. Additionally, the query should be robust to the possibility of multiple significant events being added in the future. The current query is correct, but adding the label would enhance the user experience.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
ASK {
  wd:Q3616 wdt:P1082 ?popTehran .
  wd:Q64 wdt:P1082 ?popBerlin .
  FILTER ( ?popTehran > ?popBerlin )
}

Yes, the capital of Iran (Tehran) is bigger in population than the capital of Germany (Berlin).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Is the capital of Iran bigger than that of Germany?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. Identify the capitals of Iran and Germany.
2. Determine what "bigger" means—likely population or area. By default, population is usually implied, but I will check both properties.
3. Compare the population (or area) of the capitals.

First, I will search for the entities for Iran and Germany. Then, I will find their capitals.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Iran, also known as ir, IRI, IRN, Islamic Rep. Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran (wd:Q794): country in Western Asia
2. Qajar Iran, also known as Guarded Domains of Persia, Sublime State of Persia, Qajar Persia, Persia, Iran (wd:Q63158027): country in Western Asia (1789–1925)
3. Iran (wd:Q2043606): village in North Ossetia, Russia
4. Iran, also known as Īrān (wd:Q10859757): Iranian newspaper
5. IRAN, also known as Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies (wd:Q5973372): academic journal
6. Irane Man, also known as Iran (wd:Q100939484): 2018 studio by Homayoun Shajarian & Sohrab Pournazeri
7. IRAN (wd:Q108434787): herbarium
8. Iran, also known as Iran (first name), Iran (given name) (wd:Q21286079): male given name
9. Iran, also known as IMO 5327817 (wd:Q101778560): ship built in 1941
10. Iran (wd:Q96382820): About Iran

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
2. Weimar Republic, also known as German Republic, Weimar Germany, Republic of Germany, Germany, German Reich (wd:Q41304): Germany in the years 1918/1919–1933
3. German Reich, also known as Deutsches Reich, German Empire, German Realm, Germany, Imperial Germany (wd:Q1206012): official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945, and name of Germany until 1949
4. Burg Drachenfels, also known as Germany (wd:Q1011486): castle
5. Germany (wd:Q5552078): European Parliament constituency
6. Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg, also known as Germany (wd:Q2268218)
7. Germany, also known as Germany, IN, Germany, Indiana (wd:Q18151573): unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana
8. Germany (wd:Q19147844): poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky
9. Germany, also known as Ludwig, West (wd:Q3839160): Hetalia character
10. Germany, also known as Germany, Texas, Germany, TX (wd:Q15221573): unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as p/wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
2. nominal GDP, also known as GDP, GDP, nominal, gross domestic product, nominal GDP, nominal gross domestic product (wd:P2131 as p/wdt): market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time
3. flag, also known as flag description (wd:P163 as p/wdt): subject's flag
4. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
5. anthem, also known as national anthem, team anthem, official song, official hymn, club anthem (wd:P85 as p/wdt): subject's official anthem
6. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
7. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as p/wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
8. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as p/wdt): currency used by item, uses
9. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as p/wdt): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
10. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as p/wdt): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject        | property          | object            |
| -------------- | ----------------- | ----------------- |
| Iran (wd:Q794) | capital (wdt:P36) | Tehran (wd:Q3616) |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as p/wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
2. nominal GDP, also known as GDP, GDP, nominal, gross domestic product, nominal GDP, nominal gross domestic product (wd:P2131 as p/wdt): market value of all officially recognized final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time
3. highest judicial authority, also known as supreme court, judiciary, judicial branch, has supreme court, court (wd:P209 as p/wdt): supreme judicial body within a country, administrative division, or other organization
4. flag, also known as flag description (wd:P163 as p/wdt): subject's flag
5. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
6. budget (wd:P2769 as p/wdt): assigned monetary amount for a project (for the estimated cost of a film, also commonly referred to as budget, use P2130)
7. anthem, also known as national anthem, team anthem, official song, official hymn, club anthem (wd:P85 as p/wdt): subject's official anthem
8. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
9. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as p/wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
10. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as p/wdt): currency used by item, uses

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject           | property          | object          |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | --------------- |
| Germany (wd:Q183) | capital (wdt:P36) | Berlin (wd:Q64) |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject           | property               | object                |
| ----------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------- |
| Tehran (wd:Q3616) | population (wdt:P1082) | 8693706 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject         | property               | object                |
| --------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------- |
| Berlin (wd:Q64) | population (wdt:P1082) | 3782202 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant]
Here is my thought process:
- The capital of Iran is Tehran (wd:Q3616) and the capital of Germany is Berlin (wd:Q64).
- The population of Tehran is 8,693,706.
- The population of Berlin is 3,782,202.
- The question asks if the capital of Iran is bigger than that of Germany, which I interpret as asking if Tehran's population is greater than Berlin's.

I will now provide an ASK query to directly answer whether Tehran's population is greater than Berlin's.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct for the question asked. It uses an ASK query to directly compare the population of Tehran (capital of Iran) and Berlin (capital of Germany) using their Wikidata identifiers and the population property. The query returns a boolean value, which matches the yes/no nature of the question. The answer provided is consistent with the query result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?lang ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q30 wdt:P37 ?lang
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

According to Wikidata, the United States of America has 1 official language (English). However, this reflects Wikidata's data and not the legal reality: the United States does not have an official language at the federal level. English is the de facto language, but there is no de jure official language federally. State-level designations may exist, but are not reflected in this federal-level query.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] how many official languages does the united states of america have?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "United States of America".
2. The property of interest is "official language".
3. The user wants to know how many official languages the United States has.

First, I will search for the entity "United States of America" in Wikidata to get its IRI.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States, also known as the U.S. of A, United States of America, the US of America, United States of North America, U. S. (wd:Q30): country primarily located in North America
2. Istadus Unidus the America, also known as United States of America (wd:Q29045433): Wikimedia permanent duplicate item
3. United States of America (wd:Q100270731): scholarly article
4. United States of America (wd:Q103971355): encyclopedic article; Grove Art Online
5. United States of America (wd:Q105870683): vocal track by Kikki Danielsson; 1980 studio recording
6. United States of America (wd:Q105870692): song written and composed by Donna Fargo, originally recorded by Donna Fargo and released in 1974
7. United States of America (wd:Q106315054): vocal track by Donna Fargo; 1974 studio recording
8. United States of America, also known as Star Trek USA, USA (wd:Q99281400): country of the United States of America as depicted in Star Trek
9. United States of America (wd:L350484-S1)
10. United States (of America) (wd:L399000-S1)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the country is wd:Q30.

Next, I need to identify the property for "official language". I will search for properties related to "official language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Assistant]
The property "official language" is wd:P37.

Now, I will check which values (if any) are present for the property "official language" (wd:P37) for the United States of America (wd:Q30). This will help determine how many official languages are listed.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                    | object             |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------ |
| United States (wd:Q30) | official language (wdt:P37) | English (wd:Q1860) |

[Assistant]
The United States of America (wd:Q30) has one official language listed in Wikidata, which is English (wd:Q1860).

To answer the user's question, I will write a SPARQL query that counts the number of official languages for the United States of America.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The answer provided by the system is incorrect. The United States of America does not have an official language at the federal level, although English is the de facto language. The SPARQL query counts the number of official languages (wdt:P37) for the United States (wd:Q30), but according to Wikidata, this property is not set for the US, or it may be set incorrectly. The system should check if there are any official languages at all, and if not, the answer should be '0' or 'The United States of America has no official language at the federal level.' Please verify the data in Wikidata and ensure the query accurately reflects the official status of languages in the US.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Let's carefully verify the data in Wikidata and ensure the answer is accurate.

Step-by-step plan:
1. Double-check if the United States (wd:Q30) has any value for the "official language" (wdt:P37) property in Wikidata.
2. If there are no values, the answer should be "0" or "The United States of America has no official language at the federal level."
3. If there is a value, verify its correctness and provide the count.

First, I will execute a query to list all values for wdt:P37 (official language) for wd:Q30 (United States).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| lang               |
| ------------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860) |

[Assistant]
Wikidata currently lists English (wd:Q1860) as an official language for the United States (wd:Q30) under the property wdt:P37. However, as you pointed out, the United States does not have an official language at the federal level—this is a known issue with Wikidata's data modeling or sourcing.

To accurately reflect the official status, I will write a query that checks if there are any values for wdt:P37 for the United States. If there are none, the answer is "0". If there is a value, I will return the count, but I will also clarify that this may not reflect the legal reality.

Here is a SPARQL query that counts the number of official languages for the United States, and I will provide an answer that explains the discrepancy.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is technically correct in that it counts the number of official languages (P37) for the United States (wd:Q30) as recorded in Wikidata. However, the answer and the query do not reflect the real-world situation: the United States does not have an official language at the federal level, and Wikidata may list English due to common misconception or state-level designations. The answer should clarify that the result is based on Wikidata's data, which may not align with legal reality. The query itself is correct for the data source, but the answer should be more explicit about the limitations of the data and the distinction between de facto and de jure official languages.

[Tool] Stopped generation process