PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?dog ( ( YEAR( ?dod ) - YEAR( ?dob ) ) + ( MONTH( ?dod ) - MONTH( ?dob ) ) / 12 + ( DAY( ?dod ) - DAY( ?dob ) ) / 365.25 AS ?years ) WHERE {
  ?dog wdt:P31 wd:Q144 ; wdt:P569 ?dob ; wdt:P570 ?dod .
  FILTER ( ?dod > ?dob )
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?years )
OFFSET 1
LIMIT 1

The second oldest dog in the world (wd:Q116658361) lived approximately 31.44 years.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many years did the second oldest dog in the world live?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "dog" in Wikidata.
2. We need to find a property that indicates "oldest dog" or "longevity" or "age at death".
3. We need to find the list of dogs ordered by age at death, and select the second oldest.
4. We need to retrieve the number of years the second oldest dog lived.

First, let's search for the entity "dog" in Wikidata to see if there is a class or instance for notable dogs.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. dog, also known as Canis lupus familiaris, Canis familiaris, domestic dogs, domestic dog (wd:Q144): domestic animal
2. Dog (wd:Q755126): sign of Chinese zodiac
3. Dog (wd:Q104843787): 2022 film directed by Reid Carolin and Channing Tatum
4. Dongola Airport, also known as DOG, HSDN (wd:Q1431231): airport
5. Hurricane Dog, also known as Dog (wd:Q217669): Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1950
6. Wax, also known as Dog, WAX (wd:Q624269): South Korean singer, singer
7. Dog, also known as D0g (wd:Q1211818): fictional character in Half-Life
8. hound, also known as dog (wd:Q1637371): heraldic animal
9. dog, also known as shutter, shutter dog (wd:Q5288153): tool in engineering
10. Canis familiaris, also known as dog, domestic dog (wd:Q20717272): species of mammal

[Assistant]
The main entity for "dog" as a domestic animal is wd:Q144. However, for this question, we are interested in individual dogs, specifically those notable for their longevity.

Next, let's search for properties related to "age at death" or "longevity" to find which property is used to indicate how long a dog lived.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
2. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
3. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. date of burial or cremation, also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date (wd:P4602 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death, point in time
5. mean age, also known as average age (wd:P4442 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): mean age in a given place
6. life expectancy, also known as life span, lifespan (wd:P2250 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): average life expectancy for this group or species, duration
7. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
8. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
9. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
10. discontinued date, also known as EOL date, product discontinued, EOL, end-of-life date, end-of-life (wd:P2669 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): date that the availability of a product or service was discontin...d "service retirement" (P730) for pieces or classes of equipment, end time

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. life expectancy, also known as life span, lifespan (wd:P2250 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): average life expectancy for this group or species, duration
2. longest observed lifespan, also known as maximum age, oldest recorded individual, oldest observed, maximum life span, highest observed lifespan (wd:P4214 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): age of the oldest specimen of a taxon for which the age can be verified
3. mean lifetime (wd:P2645 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): inverse of exponential decay rate; half-life is ln(2) times this value, duration
4. shelf life, also known as unfit for use after, expired by, expiration, expires in (wd:P4218 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use or consumption
5. work period (end), also known as floruit end, floruit (end of work), flourished (end), retirement, work ends (wd:P2032 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): end of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, end time, floruit
6. duration, also known as time length, timespan, time span, time interval, runtime (wd:P2047 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): length of time of an event or process
7. death rate, also known as mortality rate (wd:P10091 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the total number of persons dead per 1,000 population per year
8. state of transmission, also known as state of preservation, survival status (wd:P12020 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): state in which a work is transmitted or its existence; for the state of its material witnesses, use P5816
9. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
10. floruit, also known as work period, living, known alive in, flourished, fl. (wd:P1317 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): date when the person was known to be active or alive, when birth or death not documented

[Assistant]
The property "longest observed lifespan" (wd:P4214) refers to the age of the oldest specimen of a taxon, but it is for a species, not an individual. The property "life expectancy" (wd:P2250) is also for groups or species.

For individual animals, "age at death" is likely recorded as a statement, possibly as a qualifier to "date of death" or as a direct property. Let's check if there is a property specifically for "age at death" for individuals, or if it is recorded as a statement or qualifier.

I will now search for properties related to "age" to see if there is an "age at death" property for individuals.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. mean age, also known as average age (wd:P4442 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): mean age in a given place
2. type of age limit, also known as age limit (wd:P8241 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): qualifier on minimum age (P2899) to describe the type of age limit (Qualifier field only)
3. maximum age, also known as max age (wd:P4135 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): highest age a person is eligible to do something, for example be...or sport teams, some positions like judges, clinical trials, etc
4. longest observed lifespan, also known as maximum age, oldest recorded individual, oldest observed, maximum life span, highest observed lifespan (wd:P4214 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): age of the oldest specimen of a taxon for which the age can be verified
5. generational suffix, also known as age suffix, family suffix, Jr., Junior, Senior (wd:P8017 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): suffix used in name
6. age of subject at event, also known as Aetatis, age at event (wd:P3629 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the age of the subject according to the cited source at the time of an event. Used as a qualifier of significant event property
7. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
8. App Store age rating, also known as app store age, app rating, age rating (wd:P9897 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): content rating category by Apple for software published at the App Store
9. narrative age, also known as specific age inside fictional universe, years old in-universe, narrative age, age in story, age in fiction (wd:P6249 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): age of a fictional character (use qualifiers like P10663 (applies to work) to restrict the age to a certain work)
10. age of onset (wd:P2841 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): age group in which disease manifestations appear

[Assistant]
The property "age of subject at event" (wd:P3629) can be used as a qualifier to indicate the age of an individual at a specific event, such as death. This is likely how the age at death is recorded for notable dogs.

Now, let's search for notable individual dogs in Wikidata, especially those known for their longevity, to see how their data is structured and if "age of subject at event" is used as a qualifier for their death.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. World's oldest dog dies at age 20 (wd:Q17660624): Wikinews article
2. dog, also known as Canis lupus familiaris, Canis familiaris, domestic dogs, domestic dog (wd:Q144): domestic animal
3. Dog (wd:Q755126): sign of Chinese zodiac
4. Dog (wd:Q104843787): 2022 film directed by Reid Carolin and Channing Tatum
5. Dongola Airport, also known as DOG, HSDN (wd:Q1431231): airport
6. Hurricane Dog, also known as Dog (wd:Q217669): Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1950
7. Wax, also known as Dog, WAX (wd:Q624269): South Korean singer, singer
8. Dog, also known as D0g (wd:Q1211818): fictional character in Half-Life
9. hound, also known as dog (wd:Q1637371): heraldic animal
10. dog, also known as shutter, shutter dog (wd:Q5288153): tool in engineering

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. dog, also known as Canis lupus familiaris, Canis familiaris, domestic dogs, domestic dog (wd:Q144): domestic animal
2. Dog (wd:Q755126): sign of Chinese zodiac
3. Dog (wd:Q104843787): 2022 film directed by Reid Carolin and Channing Tatum
4. Dongola Airport, also known as DOG, HSDN (wd:Q1431231): airport
5. Hurricane Dog, also known as Dog (wd:Q217669): Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1950
6. Wax, also known as Dog, WAX (wd:Q624269): South Korean singer, singer
7. Dog, also known as D0g (wd:Q1211818): fictional character in Half-Life
8. hound, also known as dog (wd:Q1637371): heraldic animal
9. dog, also known as shutter, shutter dog (wd:Q5288153): tool in engineering
10. notability in the English Wikipedia, also known as notability, Notable (wd:Q4215962): criteria for topic in wikipedia

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. dog, also known as Canis lupus familiaris, Canis familiaris, domestic dogs, domestic dog (wd:Q144): domestic animal
2. Bluey (wd:Q39071378): Australian animated preschool television series
3. Dog (wd:Q755126): sign of Chinese zodiac
4. Dog (wd:Q104843787): 2022 film directed by Reid Carolin and Channing Tatum
5. Dongola Airport, also known as DOG, HSDN (wd:Q1431231): airport
6. Bluey (wd:Q2907373): Australian cattle dog; previously oldest verified dog
7. Hurricane Dog, also known as Dog (wd:Q217669): Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1950
8. Wax, also known as Dog, WAX (wd:Q624269): South Korean singer, singer
9. Jean-Paul Maunick, also known as Jean-Paul 'Bluey' Maunick, Bluey (wd:Q3168328): Musician, guitarist, guitarist
10. Dog, also known as D0g (wd:Q1211818): fictional character in Half-Life

[Tool]
Got 72 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                            | object                                                               |
| ------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | dog (wd:Q144)                                                        |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)             | female organism (wd:Q43445)                                          |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | date of birth (wdt:P569)            | 1910-06-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                  |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | image (wdt:P18)                     | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dog%20Bluey.jpg> |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | date of death (wdt:P570)            | 1939-11-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                  |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | place of death (wdt:P20)            | Rochester (wd:Q3437662)                                              |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | different from (wdt:P1889)          | Bluey (wd:Q39071378)                                                 |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | animal breed (wdt:P4743)            | Australian Cattle Dog (wd:Q37595)                                    |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)              | /m/0f32j3                                                            |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373) | Find a Grave memorial ID (wdt:P535) | 180603497                                                            |
| ...                 | ...                                 | ...                                                                  |

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. dog, also known as Canis lupus familiaris, Canis familiaris, domestic dogs, domestic dog (wd:Q144): domestic animal
2. Dog (wd:Q755126): sign of Chinese zodiac
3. Boban Marjanović, also known as Bobi, Boban Marjanovic (wd:Q1277708): Serbian basketball player, basketball player, actor
4. Dog (wd:Q104843787): 2022 film directed by Reid Carolin and Channing Tatum
5. Bobi Wine, also known as Robert Ssentamu Kyagulanyi, Bobi, Robert Kyagulanyi, Bobiwine (wd:Q4935806): Ugandan musician, activist, actor and politician, businessperson, politician, film actor, musician, boxer
6. Bobi (wd:Q116658361): male Rafeiro do Alentejo dog
7. Dongola Airport, also known as DOG, HSDN (wd:Q1431231): airport
8. Hurricane Dog, also known as Dog (wd:Q217669): Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 1950
9. Wax, also known as Dog, WAX (wd:Q624269): South Korean singer, singer
10. Dog, also known as D0g (wd:Q1211818): fictional character in Half-Life

[Tool]
Got 87 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject              | property                            | object                                                                         |
| -------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | dog (wd:Q144)                                                                  |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)             | male organism (wd:Q44148)                                                      |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | given name (wdt:P735)               | Bobi (wd:Q122232044)                                                           |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | date of birth (wdt:P569)            | 1992-05-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                            |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | Commons category (wdt:P373)         | Bobi                                                                           |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | image (wdt:P18)                     | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dog%20Bobi%20%2801%29.jpg> |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | place of birth (wdt:P19)            | Conqueiros (wd:Q48856032)                                                      |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | date of death (wdt:P570)            | 2023-10-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                            |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | place of death (wdt:P20)            | Conqueiros (wd:Q48856032)                                                      |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | name in native language (wdt:P1559) | Bobi (pt)                                                                      |
| ...                  | ...                                 | ...                                                                            |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 4 columns:
| dog                   | dob                                 | dod                                 | years        |
| --------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------ |
| Boris (wd:Q2022604)   | 1901-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1998-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 97 (xsd:int) |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361)  | 1992-05-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2023-10-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 31 (xsd:int) |
| Max (wd:Q13417038)    | 1983-08-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2013-05-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 30 (xsd:int) |
| Bluey (wd:Q2907373)   | 1910-06-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1939-11-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 29 (xsd:int) |
| Bunkou (wd:Q58138181) | 1914-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1938-02-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 24 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query retrieves the second oldest dog by lifespan, but it does not compute or return the number of years the dog lived. Instead, it only returns the IRI of the second oldest dog. The answer provided ("31 years") is not derived from the query result, which violates the requirement that all computation must be done in SPARQL. The query should be modified to calculate the lifespan in years (e.g., using YEAR(?dod) - YEAR(?dob) AS ?years) and return that value. Please revise the query to return the lifespan in years of the second oldest dog directly.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the previous query only returned the IRI of the second oldest dog, not the computed lifespan. To address this, I will revise the query to compute the lifespan in years for each dog, order them by lifespan, and return the lifespan in years for the second oldest dog directly.

Here’s my plan:
- Select all dogs with both date of birth (wdt:P569) and date of death (wdt:P570).
- Compute the lifespan in years using (YEAR(?dod) - YEAR(?dob)) AS ?years.
- Order the results by lifespan in descending order.
- Use OFFSET 1 LIMIT 1 to get the second oldest.
- Return the computed lifespan (?years).

Let me construct and execute the revised query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| years        |
| ------------ |
| 31 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct in its approach to finding the second oldest dog by lifespan. However, it calculates the age by simply subtracting the birth year from the death year, which can be inaccurate if the dog did not live a full final year (e.g., born in December and died in January). A more precise calculation would use the full date difference, such as with the YEAR/MONTH/DAY or using xsd:dateTime arithmetic. Additionally, the query does not return the IRI of the dog, which is required by the rules. Please refine the query to:
1. Return the IRI of the dog (e.g., ?dog in the SELECT clause).
2. Calculate the lifespan more precisely, ideally in years with decimals or using a function like YEAR(?dod) - YEAR(?dob) + (MONTH(?dod) - MONTH(?dob))/12 + (DAY(?dod) - DAY(?dob))/365.25, or use the days difference divided by 365.25.
3. Optionally, include the label in an OPTIONAL clause.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. Here’s how I will refine the query:

1. I will include the IRI of the dog (?dog) in the SELECT clause.
2. For a more precise lifespan calculation, I will use the days difference between date of death and date of birth, divided by 365.25 to get the lifespan in years as a decimal. In SPARQL, this can be done with the DAYS_BETWEEN function (if supported) or by subtracting the xsd:dateTime values and dividing by the number of seconds in a year (365.25*24*60*60).
3. I will add an OPTIONAL clause to retrieve the label (?dogLabel) using rdfs:label.

Let’s construct the improved query.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: parse error at position 100 for token OPTIONAL with content 'OPTIONAL' (the input most likely does not follow the grammar)

[Assistant]
It appears that the subtraction of xsd:dateTime values directly and the use of OPTIONAL in this context caused a syntax error. Some SPARQL engines do not support direct date arithmetic or the subtraction of xsd:dateTime values.

A more compatible approach is to use the DAYS function if available, or to extract the year, month, and day components and compute the difference as a decimal approximation. Let's try to compute the lifespan in years as:

YEAR(?dod) - YEAR(?dob) + (MONTH(?dod) - MONTH(?dob))/12 + (DAY(?dod) - DAY(?dob))/365.25

I'll also include the IRI and an OPTIONAL label.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: parse error at position 127 for token OPTIONAL with content 'OPTIONAL' (the input most likely does not follow the grammar)

[Assistant]
It seems the SPARQL endpoint does not support the OPTIONAL clause in this position, or possibly not at all. To ensure compatibility, I will remove the OPTIONAL clause and focus on returning the IRI and the precise lifespan calculation.

Let’s try the query again, this time only selecting the IRI and the calculated lifespan in years, without the OPTIONAL label clause.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| dog                  | years                |
| -------------------- | -------------------- |
| Bobi (wd:Q116658361) | 31.444 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?mountain ) AS ?mountainCount ) WHERE {
  ?mountain wdt:P31 wd:Q8502 .
  ?mountain wdt:P17 wd:Q183 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| mountainCount  |
| -------------- |
| 6830 (xsd:int) |

There are 6,830 mountains located in Germany according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many mountains are located in Germany?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Germany" in Wikidata.
2. We need to identify the class/entity for "mountain".
3. We need to find the property that links a mountain to its location (likely "located in" or similar).
4. We need to count the number of mountains located in Germany.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Germany".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Germany, also known as BR Deutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Deutschland, Federal Republic of Germany (wd:Q183): country in Central Europe
2. Weimar Republic, also known as German Republic, Weimar Germany, Republic of Germany, Germany, German Reich (wd:Q41304): Germany in the years 1918/1919–1933
3. German Reich, also known as Deutsches Reich, German Empire, German Realm, Germany, Imperial Germany (wd:Q1206012): official name for the German nation state from 1871 to 1945, and name of Germany until 1949
4. Burg Drachenfels, also known as Germany (wd:Q1011486): castle
5. Germany (wd:Q5552078): European Parliament constituency
6. Geilenkirchen-Heinsberg, also known as Germany (wd:Q2268218)
7. Germany, also known as Germany, IN, Germany, Indiana (wd:Q18151573): unincorporated community in Clark County, Indiana
8. Germany (wd:Q19147844): poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky
9. Germany, also known as Ludwig, West (wd:Q3839160): Hetalia character
10. Germany, also known as Germany, Texas, Germany, TX (wd:Q15221573): unincorporated community in Houston County, Texas, United States

[Assistant]
The main entity for Germany as a country is wd:Q183.

Next, let's search for the entity for "mountain" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. mountain, also known as mt., mtn., mountains, mount (wd:Q8502): large natural elevation of the Earth's surface
2. Mountain (wd:Q1255792): American band
3. Mountain, also known as Mountain, ND, Mountain, North Dakota (wd:Q2032181): city in North Dakota, USA
4. Mountain, also known as Town of Mountain (wd:Q1885759): civil town in Oconto County, Wisconsin
5. The Mountain, also known as Mountain (wd:Q910112): 1956 film by Edward Dmytryk
6. ☶, also known as U+2636, gèn, TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN, mountain, immobility (wd:Q2068902): trigram for mountain (U+2636), immobility, or stability: gen4, gèn, ken
7. The Mountain, also known as Mountain (wd:Q1192451): 1991 film by Markus Imhoof
8. 4-8-2, also known as 241, 2D1, 4/7, Mohawk, Mountain (wd:Q1473477): locomotive wheel arrangement
9. Mountain (wd:Q13422857): human settlement in Wisconsin, United States of America
10. Mountain (wd:Q29293936): 2014 simulation video game

[Assistant]
The main entity for "mountain" as a natural elevation is wd:Q8502.

Now, let's find the property that links a mountain to its location. Likely candidates are "located in", "country", or similar. Let's search for properties related to "location".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
2. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
3. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
4. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): person or organization occupying property, used by
5. recorded at studio or venue, also known as venue, studio, recording venue, recording studio, recorded at event (wd:P483 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): studio or location where a musical composition/release was recorded, recording location
6. home venue, also known as home water, venue, stadium, home ground, home field (wd:P115 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): home stadium or venue of a sports team or applicable performing arts organization, location
7. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
8. located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, also known as present-day administrative territorial entity, located in the current administrative territorial entity, located in the modern-day administrative territorial entity, located in the present-day administrative territorial entity, would today be located in administrative territorial entity (wd:P3842 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the item was located in the territory of this present-day administrative unit; however the two did not at any point coexist in time, location, part of
9. directions, also known as locality or place (wd:P2795 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): describe how to find the subject - directions, objects along way, comments
10. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for linking a mountain to a country are likely:

- location (wd:P276)
- located in the present-day administrative territorial entity (wd:P3842)

However, for countries, the property "country" is also commonly used. Let's search for properties related to "country" to check if there's a more precise property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
2. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. continent (wd:P30 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pr/prn/ps/pqn/p/pqv/pq/psn/prv/wdtn/psv/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The property "country" (wd:P17) is specifically for the sovereign state an item is in and is not to be used for humans. This is likely the best property to use for linking a mountain to Germany.

Now, let's summarize:
- Mountains: wd:Q8502
- Germany: wd:Q183
- Property linking mountain to country: wdt:P17

We want to count the number of items that are instances of "mountain" and have "country" as Germany.

Let's construct a SPARQL query to count these items.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| mountainCount  |
| -------------- |
| 6830 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and complete for the question. It counts the number of distinct items that are instances of 'mountain' (wd:Q8502) and are located in Germany (wd:Q183) using the 'country' property (wd:P17). The answer is accurate and the query follows all the required rules, including returning only the count as requested. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q1771942 wdt:P571 ?date
}

The United Fruit Company was founded in 1899.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was United Fruit Company founded?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "United Fruit Company".
2. The property we are looking for is the "founding date" or "date of foundation".

First, I will search for the entity "United Fruit Company" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Fruit Company (wd:Q1771942): American corporation
2. United Fruit Company Building (wd:Q79310992): historic building in Wellington, New Zealand
3. United Fruit Company Infrastructure (wd:Q65591387): Tentative World Heritage Site in Colombia
4. Kossick v. United Fruit Company (wd:Q19089122): United States Supreme Court case
5. United Fruit Company Medal (obverse) (wd:Q122934149): bronze medal-sample by Paul Manship
6. United Fruit Company Medal (reverse) (wd:Q122934151): bronze medal-sample by Paul Manship
7. American Banana Company v. United Fruit Company (wd:Q19037455)
8. United Fruit Company strike of 1913 (wd:Q105962401)
9. United States v. Fruit Growers' Express Company (wd:Q19030798): United States Supreme Court case
10. United Surety Company v. American Fruit Product Company (wd:Q19041555)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "United Fruit Company" is wd:Q1771942.

Next, I need to find the property related to the founding date. I will search for properties related to "founding date" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as p/wdt): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wdt:P571) is used for the founding date of organizations.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the inception (founding date) of the United Fruit Company (wd:Q1771942).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| date                                |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1899-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and directly retrieves the inception (founding) date of the United Fruit Company using the appropriate property (wdt:P571). The answer provided matches the query result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?discipline ?label WHERE {
  ?discipline wdt:P31 wd:Q11862829 .
  ?discipline rdfs:label ?label .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "de" ) FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?label ) , "linguistik" ) )
}

Got 16 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| discipline                             | label                       |
| -------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Saami linguistics (wd:Q12718141)       | Samische Linguistik (de)    |
| general linguistics (wd:Q14357850)     | Allgemeine Linguistik (de)  |
| sociolinguistics (wd:Q160845)          | Soziolinguistik (de)        |
| computational linguistics (wd:Q182557) | Computerlinguistik (de)     |
| historical linguistics (wd:Q190375)    | historische Linguistik (de) |
| ...                                    | ...                         |
| applied linguistics (wd:Q321249)       | angewandte Linguistik (de)  |
| wd:Q357196                             | Rechtslinguistik (de)       |
| descriptive linguistics (wd:Q777864)   | deskriptive Linguistik (de) |
| ethnolinguistics (wd:Q853085)          | Ethnolinguistik (de)        |
| interlinguistics (wd:Q856574)          | Interlinguistik (de)        |

The German names of academic disciplines containing "linguistik" include: Samische Linguistik, Allgemeine Linguistik, Soziolinguistik, Computerlinguistik, historische Linguistik, angewandte Linguistik, Rechtslinguistik, deskriptive Linguistik, Ethnolinguistik, Interlinguistik, and others. The full list can be retrieved with the provided SPARQL query.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the German names of academic disciplines containing “linguistik”?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for academic disciplines (fields of study) whose German names contain the substring "linguistik".
2. We need to identify the entity for "academic discipline" and the property for "German name" (likely a label with a language tag).
3. We need to filter results to those where the German label contains "linguistik".

Step 1: Find the entity for "academic discipline".
I'll search for "academic discipline" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. academic discipline, also known as research field, sub-discipline, field of study, field of research, discipline (wd:Q11862829): academic field of study or profession
2. academic discipline (wd:L24102-S1)
3. field of work, also known as purpose, specialty, research, research field, research fields (wd:P101): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation
4. English studies, also known as English philology, English major, English language and literature, English (academic discipline), English language (wd:Q27968): discipline that studies the English language and literature
5. French language studies, also known as French (academic discipline), French philology, French major, French language, French language and literature (wd:Q11333703): discipline that studies the French language and literature
6. fictional academic discipline (wd:Q126090312)
7. legal management (academic discipline), also known as LegMa (wd:Q6517540): academic and professional discipline that is a hybrid between the study of law and management
8. Academic freedom and academic discipline (wd:Q72399041): scientific article published on 01 April 1969
9. academic discipline and profession (wd:L454629-S1)
10. postcolonialism, - academic discipline (wd:L1319105-S1)

[Assistant]
The main entity for "academic discipline" is wd:Q11862829.

Next, we need to find the property for the German name. Usually, labels in different languages are stored as rdfs:label with a language tag (e.g., "de" for German).

Now, we need to find all instances of academic disciplines (wd:Q11862829) whose German label contains "linguistik".

I'll construct a SPARQL query that:
- Finds items that are instances of academic discipline (wd:Q11862829)
- Retrieves their German label (rdfs:label with @de)
- Filters for labels containing "linguistik"

Let's try this query.

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| discipline                             | label                       |
| -------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Saami linguistics (wd:Q12718141)       | Samische Linguistik (de)    |
| general linguistics (wd:Q14357850)     | Allgemeine Linguistik (de)  |
| sociolinguistics (wd:Q160845)          | Soziolinguistik (de)        |
| computational linguistics (wd:Q182557) | Computerlinguistik (de)     |
| historical linguistics (wd:Q190375)    | historische Linguistik (de) |
| ...                                    | ...                         |
| applied linguistics (wd:Q321249)       | angewandte Linguistik (de)  |
| wd:Q357196                             | Rechtslinguistik (de)       |
| descriptive linguistics (wd:Q777864)   | deskriptive Linguistik (de) |
| ethnolinguistics (wd:Q853085)          | Ethnolinguistik (de)        |
| interlinguistics (wd:Q856574)          | Interlinguistik (de)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and follows all the required rules. It retrieves the IRIs of academic disciplines (wd:Q11862829) whose German labels contain the substring 'linguistik', and returns both the IRI and the German label. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?birthYear WHERE {
  wd:Q98476957 wdt:P50 ?author .
  ?author wdt:P569 ?dob .
  BIND( YEAR( ?dob ) AS ?birthYear )
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| birthYear      |
| -------------- |
| 1990 (xsd:int) |

The author of “The Vanishing Half” was born in 1990.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In which year was the author of “The Vanishing Half” born?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. Identify the entity for "The Vanishing Half" (the book).
2. Find the author of "The Vanishing Half".
3. Find the birth year of that author.

I'll start by searching for the entity "The Vanishing Half" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Vanishing Half (wd:Q98476957): 2020 novel by Brit Bennett
2. The Vanishing, also known as Vanishing (wd:Q616301): 1993 film directed by George Sluizer
3. The Vanishing, also known as L'Homme qui voulait savoir, Vanishing (wd:Q1895379): 1988 film by George Sluizer
4. The Vanishing, also known as Keepers, The Devil to Pay (wd:Q29514859): 2018 film directed by Kristoffer Nyholm
5. The Half (wd:Q63109025)
6. The Vanishing (wd:Q129416681): 2024 film by Karim Moussaoui
7. The Vanishing, also known as Far Cry: The Vanishing, Far Cry 6: The Vanishing (wd:Q114877764): 2022 Far Cry 6 mission that is a crossover with Stranger Things
8. The Vanishing (wd:Q114523535): episode of Scream (S2 E10)
9. The Vanishing (wd:Q114539612): episode of Z Nation (S4 E3)
10. The Vanishing (wd:Q123307638): 1993 film by George Sluizer

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "The Vanishing Half" (the 2020 novel) is wd:Q98476957. Next, I need to find the author of this book.

I'll look up the properties of wd:Q98476957 to find the author.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as p/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
2. publisher, also known as video game publisher, software publisher, comic book publisher, sheet music publisher, publishing house (wd:P123 as p/wdt): organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software
3. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as p/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
4. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
5. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
6. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as p/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
7. form of creative work, also known as work type, work form, type of work, artform, type of reference work (wd:P7937 as p/wdt): structure of a creative work
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as p/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                           | property         | object                      |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------- | --------------------------- |
| The Vanishing Half (wd:Q98476957) | author (wdt:P50) | Brit Bennett (wd:Q27449519) |

[Assistant]
The author of "The Vanishing Half" is Brit Bennett (wd:Q27449519). Now, I need to find the birth year of Brit Bennett.

I'll search for properties related to "birth" for Brit Bennett.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
6. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
9. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
10. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property                 | object                              |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Brit Bennett (wd:Q27449519) | date of birth (wdt:P569) | 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the author of 'The Vanishing Half' using the appropriate entity (wd:Q98476957), retrieves the author via wdt:P50, and then extracts the year of birth from the author's date of birth (wdt:P569). The answer matches the expected result, and the query follows all relevant guidelines. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?country WHERE {
  wd:Q327818 wdt:P17 ?country
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| country           |
| ----------------- |
| Germany (wd:Q183) |

The Kandahar-downhill (Kandahar Downhill Piste) is located in Germany.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] In what country is the Kandahar-downhill?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the country in which the "Kandahar-downhill" is located.
2. "Kandahar-downhill" likely refers to a ski run or ski course, possibly famous for hosting downhill ski races.

First, I need to identify the entity for "Kandahar-downhill" in Wikidata. Then, I need to find the property that links a place or event to a country.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Kandahar-downhill" in Wikidata.

[Tool] No entity items found

[Assistant]
The search for "Kandahar-downhill" did not return any direct matches in Wikidata. It's possible the entity is listed under a slightly different name or spelling, or as part of a larger entity (such as a ski course or event).

Let me try searching for just "Kandahar" in case the ski run is listed under that name.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Kandahar, also known as Candahar, Qandahar (wd:Q45604): city in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
2. Kandahar, also known as Safar-e Ghandehar, The Sun Behind the Moon (wd:Q785496): 2001 film directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf
3. Kandahar, also known as with Albert and sonichoc (wd:Q111940088): 2023 film by Ric Roman Waugh
4. Kandahar (wd:Q6361199): 2010 Malayalam film directed by Major Ravi
5. Kandahar, also known as Kandahar, Saskatchewan (wd:Q14874966): organized hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada
6. Kandahar (wd:Q55956959): episode of The Punisher (S1 E3)
7. Kandahar (wd:Q50902249): painting by Victor Vasarely
8. Kandahar Province, also known as Ghandahar Province, Qandahar Province (wd:Q173808): province of Afghanistan
9. Kandahar International Airport, also known as OAKN, Kandahar Airfield, KDH, KAF, Kandahar Airport (wd:Q33156): international airport serving Kandahar, Afghanistan
10. Kandahar District, also known as Dand District (wd:Q2673970): district in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan

[Assistant]
The search for "Kandahar" mostly returns entities related to the city and region in Afghanistan, as well as films and other unrelated items. None of these seem to refer to the ski run.

Since "Kandahar" is a famous ski run in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, perhaps it is listed under "Kandahar (ski course)" or "Kandahar Garmisch". I will try searching for "Kandahar Garmisch".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Kandahar, also known as Candahar, Qandahar (wd:Q45604): city in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
2. Garmisch-Partenkirchen, also known as Garmisch (wd:Q127043): market municipality in Bavaria, Germany
3. Kandahar, also known as Safar-e Ghandehar, The Sun Behind the Moon (wd:Q785496): 2001 film directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf
4. Kandahar, also known as with Albert and sonichoc (wd:Q111940088): 2023 film by Ric Roman Waugh
5. Kandahar (wd:Q6361199): 2010 Malayalam film directed by Major Ravi
6. Kandahar, also known as Kandahar, Saskatchewan (wd:Q14874966): organized hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada
7. Kandahar (wd:Q55956959): episode of The Punisher (S1 E3)
8. Kandahar (wd:Q50902249): painting by Victor Vasarely
9. Kandahar Province, also known as Ghandahar Province, Qandahar Province (wd:Q173808): province of Afghanistan
10. Garmisch-Partenkirchen (wd:Q10518): district of Bavaria, Germany

[Assistant]
The search for "Kandahar Garmisch" did not return a direct match for the ski run, but it did return "Garmisch-Partenkirchen" (wd:Q127043), which is the location of the famous Kandahar ski run.

Since the ski run itself might not be a separate entity, it could be described as a part of the Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski area. Let me search for "ski run" or "ski course" entities related to Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. piste, also known as skiing run, skiing slope, ski run, ski slope, ski track (wd:Q1281105): path down a mountain used for snow skiing, snowboarding, or other mountain sports
2. Skinners Run (wd:Q115804540): stream in Maryland, USA
3. Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658): ski racing club
4. Skidmore Run (wd:Q34717682): river in the United States of America
5. ski run guardian (wd:Q109139142): guardian who has surveillance tasks on a ski run
6. Skipper's run (wd:Q70515339): scientific article published on 01 October 1993
7. Runaway Skidding (wd:Q4318005): 2005 film
8. Run and Skip (wd:Q16893303): national Hunt racehorse
9. Skive runestone (wd:Q30124661): ancient monument in Skive Municipality (31606)
10. Skivum Runic Stone (wd:Q12335704)

[Assistant]
The search for "Kandahar ski run" did not yield a specific entity for the ski run itself, but it did return "Kandahar Ski Club" (wd:Q16988658), which is related to ski racing and might be associated with the Kandahar run.

Given that the Kandahar ski run is famous for World Cup downhill races and is located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, I will check if the "Kandahar Ski Club" entity has a property indicating its location or country, which could help answer the question.

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                          | property               | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | country (wdt:P17)      | Switzerland (wd:Q39)                                                                  |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | logo image (wdt:P154)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kandahar%20Ski%20Club%20Logo.svg> |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646) | /m/0pmg5r6                                                                            |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | schema:description     | ski racing club (en)                                                                  |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | schema:name            | Kandahar Ski Club (en)                                                                |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | rdf:type               | wikibase:Item                                                                         |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | rdfs:label             | Kandahar Ski Club (en)                                                                |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | skos:prefLabel         | Kandahar Ski Club (en)                                                                |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | country (p:P17)        | s:Q16988658-5D98045F-B1AF-499F-A5C5-2E8D8DCCBC65                                      |
| Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658) | logo image (p:P154)    | s:Q16988658-bf1760b9-44fb-db5d-73a7-f48e27d4cb89                                      |
| ...                              | ...                    | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The "Kandahar Ski Club" is located in Switzerland, which is not the answer to the user's question about the location of the "Kandahar-downhill" ski run. The ski run itself is in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.

Since the entity for the ski run itself does not appear to exist directly, I will try searching for "Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski run" or "Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski course" to see if there is an entity for the ski area or the specific run.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Männlichen (ski course) (wd:Q1807159): Swiss slalom ski course
2. Schlossberg (ski course) (wd:Q23869435): ski course in Austria
3. skiing course (wd:Q12034509): physical education course in skiing
4. Lauberhorn (downhill ski course) (wd:Q1807156): ski course
5. SKIPTON (GOLF COURSE), also known as 089025 (wd:Q123661148): weather station in Victoria, Australia from 1897
6. Hiawatha Golf Course Ski Trail (wd:Q109016919): 4.1km beginner ski trail at Hiawatha Golf Course in south Minnea...omed for both skate and classic skiing. A trail pass is required
7. Papworth research skills course (wd:Q130091011): scholarly article published on 30 March 2011
8. Menopausal special skills course (wd:Q130198834): scholarly article published on 9 February 2008
9. Course in basic surgical skills (wd:Q50662588): scientific article published on 13 May 2014
10. Developing a Skills-Based Competency Course (wd:Q85531122): scientific article published on 01 December 2012

[Assistant]
There is no direct entity for the "Kandahar" ski run or for a "Garmisch-Partenkirchen ski course" in Wikidata. However, we do have the entity for "Garmisch-Partenkirchen" (wd:Q127043), which is the location of the Kandahar downhill ski run.

Given this, I can answer the question by showing that the Kandahar-downhill is located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, and Garmisch-Partenkirchen is in Germany. I will write a SPARQL query to find the country of Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| country           |
| ----------------- |
| Germany (wd:Q183) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer is correct in identifying Germany as the country where the Kandahar-downhill is located. However, the SPARQL query is based on the entity Garmisch-Partenkirchen (wd:Q127043), which is the municipality, not the ski run itself. Ideally, the query should reference the specific entity for the Kandahar-downhill ski run, if it exists in Wikidata, to provide a more precise answer. Please check if there is a Wikidata item for the Kandahar-downhill (e.g., 'Kandahar (ski course)' or similar), and use that entity in the query. If not, the current approach is acceptable as Garmisch-Partenkirchen is the correct location, but this refinement would improve specificity.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To improve the specificity of the answer, I will try to find a Wikidata entity specifically for the "Kandahar" ski run or "Kandahar (ski course)". If such an entity exists, I will use it in the SPARQL query to directly reference the ski run. If not, I will confirm that referencing Garmisch-Partenkirchen is the best available option.

Step 1: Search for "Kandahar (ski course)" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Männlichen (ski course) (wd:Q1807159): Swiss slalom ski course
2. Schlossberg (ski course) (wd:Q23869435): ski course in Austria
3. Kandahar Ski Club (wd:Q16988658): ski racing club
4. skiing course (wd:Q12034509): physical education course in skiing
5. Lauberhorn (downhill ski course) (wd:Q1807156): ski course
6. SKIPTON (GOLF COURSE), also known as 089025 (wd:Q123661148): weather station in Victoria, Australia from 1897
7. Hiawatha Golf Course Ski Trail (wd:Q109016919): 4.1km beginner ski trail at Hiawatha Golf Course in south Minnea...omed for both skate and classic skiing. A trail pass is required
8. Papworth research skills course (wd:Q130091011): scholarly article published on 30 March 2011
9. Menopausal special skills course (wd:Q130198834): scholarly article published on 9 February 2008
10. Course in basic surgical skills (wd:Q50662588): scientific article published on 13 May 2014

[Assistant]
The search for "Kandahar (ski course)" did not return a specific entity for the Kandahar ski run in Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The closest match is "Kandahar Ski Club" (wd:Q16988658), which is not the ski run itself, and other ski courses listed are not in Germany.

To be thorough, I will try searching for "Kandahar piste" and "Kandahar downhill" as alternative names.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818): ski course in Bavaria, Germany
2. Kandahar, also known as Candahar, Qandahar (wd:Q45604): city in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan
3. Kandahar, also known as Safar-e Ghandehar, The Sun Behind the Moon (wd:Q785496): 2001 film directed by Mohsen Makhmalbaf
4. piste, also known as skiing run, skiing slope, ski run, ski slope, ski track (wd:Q1281105): path down a mountain used for snow skiing, snowboarding, or other mountain sports
5. Kandahar, also known as with Albert and sonichoc (wd:Q111940088): 2023 film by Ric Roman Waugh
6. Pisté (wd:Q952675): human settlement in Mexico
7. Kandahar (wd:Q6361199): 2010 Malayalam film directed by Major Ravi
8. Kandahar, also known as Kandahar, Saskatchewan (wd:Q14874966): organized hamlet in Saskatchewan, Canada
9. La piste, also known as Piste (wd:Q3211657): 2006 film
10. piste, also known as strip (wd:Q1668736): fencing playing area

[Tool]
Got 37 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                              | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | piste (wd:Q1281105)                                                                        |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Germany (wd:Q183)                                                                          |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Garmisch-Partenkirchen (wd:Q127043)                                                        |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(11.063100 47.470800) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Kandahar-Abfahrt Garmisch                                                                  |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Snowy%20mountains%20in%20Kandahar.jpg> |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | Google Knowledge Graph ID (wdtn:P2671)                      | <http://g.co/kg/g/120ldlyz>                                                                |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | wdt:P31279                                                  | course (wd:Q1962728)                                                                       |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | schema:description                                          | laskettelurinne Saksassa (fi)                                                              |
| Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818) | schema:name                                                 | Kandahar (it)                                                                              |
| ...                                  | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| country           |
| ----------------- |
| Germany (wd:Q183) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the country (wd:P17) for the Kandahar Downhill Piste (wd:Q327818), and the answer matches the expected result. The query returns the IRI of the country as required. No further refinement is necessary.