PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?show ?label ?seasons WHERE {
  ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 ; wdt:P161 wd:Q23760 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?show wdt:P2437 ?seasons
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?show rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = 'en' )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?show wdt:P580 ?start .
    FILTER ( YEAR( ?start ) = 1983 )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?show wdt:P577 ?pubdate .
    FILTER ( YEAR( ?pubdate ) = 1983 )
  }
  FILTER ( EXISTS {
    ?show wdt:P580 ?start .
    FILTER ( YEAR( ?start ) = 1983 )
  }
  || EXISTS {
    ?show wdt:P577 ?pubdate .
    FILTER ( YEAR( ?pubdate ) = 1983 )
  }
  )
}

The TV show that starred Rowan Atkinson, had 4 seasons, and started in 1983 is Blackadder (wd:Q49019).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the TV-show that starred Rowan Atkinson , had 4 seasons and started in 1983?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for a TV show.
2. The TV show starred Rowan Atkinson.
3. The TV show had 4 seasons.
4. The TV show started in 1983.

Step 1: Find the entity for Rowan Atkinson.
Step 2: Find properties for "starred in", "number of seasons", and "start date" for TV shows.
Step 3: Search for TV shows that match all these criteria.

Let's start by searching for Rowan Atkinson in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Rowan Atkinson, also known as Rowan Sebastian Atkinson (wd:Q23760): English actor, comedian, and screenwriter, electrical engineer, television director, television actor, film producer, screenwriter, manufacturer, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, comedian, actor
2. Rowan Atkinson Live (wd:Q9322991): 1992 film
3. Hubert Rowan Atkinson, also known as Hon. Hubert Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q75293963): (born 1882)
4. Sorbus, also known as rowan (wd:Q157964): genus of plants
5. Sorbus aucuparia, also known as European mountain-ash, European rowan, rowan, rowan-berry (wd:Q146198): species of plant
6. Rowan, also known as Rowan, IA, Rowan, Iowa (wd:Q533345): American city in Iowa
7. Atkinson, also known as Atkinson, NE, Atkinson, Nebraska (wd:Q965125): town in Nebraska, United States
8. Atkinson, also known as Atkinson, IL (wd:Q576062): town in Illinois, United States
9. Atkinson, also known as Atkinson, NC, Atkinson, North Carolina (wd:Q2027754): town in North Carolina
10. 4599 Rowan, also known as Rowan (wd:Q543954): asteroid

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Rowan Atkinson is wd:Q23760.

Next, I will search for properties related to "starred in" to find TV shows in which Rowan Atkinson starred.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
2. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
3. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
4. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
5. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
6. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
7. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
8. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
9. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
10. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "starred in" is "cast member" (wdt:P161).

Next, I will search for TV shows where Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) is a cast member.

[Tool]
Got 46 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                  | property               | object                     |
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020)                    | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Love Actually (wd:Q190588)               | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Johnny English (wd:Q337881)              | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Never Say Never Again (wd:Q180279)       | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Four Weddings and a Funeral (wd:Q901213) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019)                   | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Mr. Bean's Holiday (wd:Q330332)          | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Johnny English Reborn (wd:Q967478)       | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Bean (wd:Q752103)                        | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| Wonka (wd:Q108456719)                    | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) |
| ...                                      | ...                    | ...                        |

[Assistant]
Among the results, "Blackadder" (wd:Q49019) and "Mr. Bean" (wd:Q484020) are TV shows. To narrow down, we need to check which one started in 1983 and had 4 seasons.

Next, I will search for properties related to "number of seasons" and "start date" to filter these shows.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. number of seasons, also known as no. of seasons, no. of series, number of series, seasons (wd:P2437 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of seasons a television or radio series has had, number of parts of this work
2. sports season of league or competition, also known as sport season, seasons of, edition of annual athletics meeting, season of sports tournament, season of sports league (wd:P3450 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): property that shows the competition of which the item is a season. Use P5138 for "season of club or team"., part of
3. season, also known as TV series, television season, TV season, television series, series of television program (wd:P4908 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): season of a series (televison, web, podcast), part of
4. refine date, also known as date refinement, exact time, hour, local time, quarter (wd:P4241 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier to narrow down the precision of a date not fully specified by the Wikidata time datatype precision field
5. volume, also known as volume of serial, volume of a book, volume number, vol., tome (wd:P478 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): volume of a book or music release in a collection/series or a published collection of journal issues in a serial publication
6. season of club or team, also known as season of athletics program, season of club, season of team, sports season of club or team (wd:P5138 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): club or team that played the season
7. season ends (wd:P6118 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): to indicate what month of the year a sports season ends
8. number of episodes, also known as series length, no. of episodes, episodes, episode count (wd:P1113 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series, number of parts of this work
9. season starts, also known as season begins (wd:P4794 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): month or season when sports competition begins
10. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time period when a statement is valid

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. earliest date, also known as no earlier than, terminus post quem, start date (earliest), on or after this date, minimum date (wd:P1319 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): earliest date at which an event could have happened. Use as qualifier for other date properties
4. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
5. Gregorian calendar start date, also known as adoption of the Gregorian calendar, Gregorian calendar first used, first date (N.S.) (wd:P7295 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date the Gregorian calendar was first used
6. date of official opening, also known as launch date, launched, officially opened on, official opening, official opening time (wd:P1619 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date or point in time a place, organization, or event officially opened, start time, inception
7. start of covered period, also known as coverage start date, covered period start (wd:P7103 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): start of period covered by an archive set, a historical book, or a collection
8. service entry, also known as commissioned, time of service entry, service introduction, launch date, in service (wd:P729 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service, start time
9. UTC date of spacecraft launch, also known as time of spacecraft launch, spacecraft launch time, spacecraft launch date, launch time, launch date (wd:P619 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date of spacecraft launch in UTC
10. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time

[Assistant]
The relevant properties are:
- Number of seasons: wdt:P2437
- Start time: wdt:P580
- Inception: wdt:P571

Now, I will check the values for "number of seasons" and "start time"/"inception" for "Blackadder" (wd:Q49019) and "Mr. Bean" (wd:Q484020) to see which one matches the criteria (4 seasons, started in 1983).

[Tool]
Got 333 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                         | object                                     |
| ---------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | television series (wd:Q5398426)            |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | title (wdt:P1476)                | Blackadder (en)                            |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)           | Blackadder II (wd:Q2668056)                |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | country of origin (wdt:P495)     | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                   |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | official website (wdt:P856)      | <https://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/blackadder/> |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | genre (wdt:P136)                 | comedy television series (wd:Q9335576)     |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | cast member (wdt:P161)           | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760)                 |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | creator (wdt:P170)               | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760)                 |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | start time (wdt:P580)            | 1983-06-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)        |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | topic's main category (wdt:P910) | wd:Q8302545                                |
| ...                    | ...                              | ...                                        |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                      | object          |
| ---------------------- | ----------------------------- | --------------- |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | number of seasons (wdt:P2437) | 4 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool]
Got 629 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject               | property                     | object                                                                     |
| --------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | television series (wd:Q5398426)                                            |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Mr. Bean (en)                                                              |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | Mr. Bean                                                                   |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | image (wdt:P18)              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mr.%20Bean%202011.jpg> |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)       | Mr. Bean (wd:Q6928412)                                                     |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | country of origin (wdt:P495) | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                                                   |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | official website (wdt:P856)  | <https://www.mrbean.com/>                                                  |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | genre (wdt:P136)             | sitcom (wd:Q170238)                                                        |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | cast member (wdt:P161)       | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760)                                                 |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | followed by (wdt:P156)       | Bean (wd:Q752103)                                                          |
| ...                   | ...                          | ...                                                                        |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject               | property                      | object          |
| --------------------- | ----------------------------- | --------------- |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | number of seasons (wdt:P2437) | 6 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject               | property              | object                              |
| --------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Mr. Bean (wd:Q484020) | start time (wdt:P580) | 1990-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
"Blackadder" (wd:Q49019) matches all the criteria:
- Starred Rowan Atkinson
- Had 4 seasons
- Started in 1983

"Mr. Bean" does not match (6 seasons, started in 1990).

Now, I will construct the final SPARQL query to return the TV show that starred Rowan Atkinson, had 4 seasons, and started in 1983.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer provided is correct (Blackadder is indeed the show described), but the SPARQL query did not return any results. This suggests that either the data in Wikidata is incomplete or the query is too restrictive. To improve the query, consider the following refinements:

1. The start time property (P580) may not be directly attached to the series but to a specific season or may use a different property (such as 'original network' with a qualifier for start time). Try relaxing or broadening the start time constraint, for example, by checking for the year in the 'publication date' (P577) or allowing for some flexibility in the year (e.g., 1983±1).
2. Optionally, retrieve the label for the show using OPTIONAL {?show rdfs:label ?label. FILTER(LANG(?label) = 'en')}
3. Double-check that Rowan Atkinson's Wikidata ID (Q23760) is correct and that he is listed as a cast member for the relevant show.

In summary, the answer is correct, but the SPARQL query needs refinement to ensure it retrieves the expected result from Wikidata.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Here’s my step-by-step plan to refine the query:

1. The previous query used wdt:P580 (start time) directly on the series, but sometimes the start date is stored as wdt:P571 (inception) or wdt:P577 (publication date). I will broaden the query to check for any of these properties.
2. I will allow for some flexibility in the year, e.g., 1983±1.
3. I will continue to require 4 seasons and Rowan Atkinson as a cast member.
4. I will add an OPTIONAL clause to retrieve the English label for the show.
5. I will double-check that Rowan Atkinson’s ID (wd:Q23760) and the TV series class (wd:Q5398426) are correct.

Let’s first check if “Blackadder” (wd:Q49019) has inception (P571) or publication date (P577) properties and what their values are.

[Tool]
Got 333 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                         | object                                     |
| ---------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | television series (wd:Q5398426)            |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | title (wdt:P1476)                | Blackadder (en)                            |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)           | Blackadder II (wd:Q2668056)                |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | country of origin (wdt:P495)     | United Kingdom (wd:Q145)                   |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | official website (wdt:P856)      | <https://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/blackadder/> |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | genre (wdt:P136)                 | comedy television series (wd:Q9335576)     |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | cast member (wdt:P161)           | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760)                 |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | creator (wdt:P170)               | Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760)                 |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | start time (wdt:P580)            | 1983-06-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)        |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | topic's main category (wdt:P910) | wd:Q8302545                                |
| ...                    | ...                              | ...                                        |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
"Blackadder" (wd:Q49019) only has the start time (wdt:P580) property with the value 1983-06-15, and does not have inception (wdt:P571) or publication date (wdt:P577) properties.

Given this, I will:
- Use wdt:P580 (start time) as the main date property, but relax the year filter to allow for 1983±1.
- Keep the other constraints (4 seasons, Rowan Atkinson as cast member, instance of TV series).
- Add an OPTIONAL clause for the English label.

Here is the refined SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query did not return any results, even though the answer provided is "Blackadder". There are a few issues to address:

1. The filter on the start time uses YEAR(?start) >= 1982 && YEAR(?start) <= 1984, but the user specifically asked for a show that started in 1983. The filter should be YEAR(?start) = 1983.
2. The property wdt:P580 (start time) may not be directly used for TV shows in Wikidata; often, the property wdt:P577 (publication date) is used for creative works like TV series. Consider using both properties or checking which is more appropriate.
3. The query assumes that the number of seasons is exactly 4 (wdt:P2437 4), but sometimes this property may not be filled in Wikidata. Consider using a broader approach or checking for alternative properties if no results are found.
4. The answer should be based on the actual query result, not hardcoded.

Please revise the query to address these points and ensure that the answer is derived from the query result.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. Here’s my revised approach:

1. I will check both wdt:P580 (start time) and wdt:P577 (publication date) for the year 1983.
2. I will keep the filter strict for 1983 as requested.
3. I will keep the number of seasons constraint but make it OPTIONAL, so if the property is missing, the show can still be returned (and I can display the value if present).
4. I will retrieve the label in English if available.
5. The answer will be based on the actual query result.

First, I will write a query that:
- Finds TV series (wd:Q5398426) with Rowan Atkinson (wd:Q23760) as a cast member,
- Has either start time (P580) or publication date (P577) in 1983,
- Optionally retrieves the number of seasons (P2437),
- Optionally retrieves the English label.

Here is the revised query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| show                   | label           | seasons         |
| ---------------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
| Blackadder (wd:Q49019) | Blackadder (en) | 4 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?album ) AS ?albumCount ) WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q1744 .
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| albumCount   |
| ------------ |
| 52 (xsd:int) |

Madonna performs on 52 distinct albums according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] On how many albums does Madonna perform?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Madonna" (the singer).
2. We need to identify what constitutes an "album" in Wikidata.
3. We need to find the property that links Madonna to albums she "performs on" (not necessarily only her own albums, but any album where she is a performer).
4. We need to count the number of such albums.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Madonna" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Madonna, also known as Madonna Ciccone, Madonna Louise Veronica Ciccone, Madonna Louise Ciccone, Madonna L. Ciccone (wd:Q1744): American singer, songwriter, and actress (born 1958), songwriter, singer, actor
2. Mary, also known as Mother of God, Mother of Jesus, Notre Dame, Our Lady, Queen of the Universe (wd:Q345): mother of Jesus
3. Madonna, also known as Madonna: The First Album (wd:Q177943): 1983 self-titled debut studio album by Madonna
4. Madonna (wd:Q1989780): painting composition by Edvard Munch, in different versions
5. Madonna, also known as Madonna in art, The Madonna in art, Virgin Mary in art (wd:Q926743): artistic representation of Mary, either alone or with her child Jesus
6. Madonna (wd:Q19794647): 2015 South Korean film directed by Shin Su-won
7. Madonna (wd:Q1147459): album by …And You Will Know Us by the Trail of Dead
8. Madonna (wd:Q486604): 2010 EP by Secret
9. Madonna, also known as Madonna, MD, Madonna, Maryland (wd:Q6728358): unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland
10. Virgin and Child with an Angel (Madonna del Latte), also known as Madonna, Madonna with child and John the Baptist (wd:Q3842618): painting by Antonio da Correggio from 1520

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Madonna the singer is wd:Q1744.

Next, let's identify what constitutes an "album" in Wikidata. I'll search for the entity "album" to find its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. album, also known as full album, record album, music album, full-length album, audio album (wd:Q482994): grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at the ...racks but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)
2. album, also known as scrapbook (wd:Q1173065): book with pages used for assembling and presenting a collection,...blished sets of pages that are bound or loose-leaf and annotated
3. album (wd:Q2288488): board chalked or painted white, on which decrees, edicts and other public notices were inscribed in black in ancient Rome
4. Album (wd:Q531318): 1994 album by Quorthon
5. Album (wd:Q23925073): 2016 film by Mehmet Can Mertoğlu
6. Album (wd:Q1411632): 1983 album by Joan Jett
7. Album, also known as Cassette, Compact Disc (wd:Q1942675): 1986 album by Public Image Ltd
8. Álbum (wd:Q6172625): 2006 studio album by Lu
9. Album, also known as 82876 650 512 (wd:Q146378): 2004 studio album by Brodka a.k.a. Monika Brodka
10. Album (wd:Q4712765): 2002 Tamil film directed by Vasanthabalan

[Assistant]
The correct entity for a music album is wd:Q482994.

Now, we need to find the property that links an artist (like Madonna) to albums they "perform on." This could be "performer," "contributor," or a similar property. Let's search for properties related to "performer" or "performance."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
4. setlist, also known as set list, works performed, songs performed, performances, performance list (wd:P9793 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): performances of songs or other music at an event; concert program, presented works
5. number of representations, also known as shows, performances, number of shows, number of concerts, no. of shows (wd:P5027 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of shows (including the premiere) of a concert tour or a performing arts production
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
8. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator
9. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb
10. talk show guest, also known as show guest, podcast guest, participant in talk show, participant in podcast interview, interviewed person (wd:P5030 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): person invited in a talk show, recorded participant

[Assistant]
The property "performer" (wdt:P175) is the most relevant for linking Madonna to albums she performs on.

Now, we need to find all albums (wd:Q482994) where Madonna (wd:Q1744) is listed as a performer (wdt:P175), and count them.

Let's construct a SPARQL query to count the number of distinct albums where Madonna is a performer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| albumCount   |
| ------------ |
| 52 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly counts the number of distinct albums (wd:Q482994) on which Madonna (wd:Q1744) is listed as a performer (wdt:P175). The query uses the appropriate properties and entities, and the result matches the user's question. The answer is accurate and complete according to the data in Wikidata.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?inception ?club WHERE {
  VALUES ?club {
    wd:Q800176
  }
  ?club wdt:P571 ?inception .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?club rdfs:label ?label FILTER ( lang( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

The jazz club Birdland in Hamburg was founded in 1985.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the jazz club Birdland in Hamburg founded?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the founding date of the jazz club Birdland in Hamburg.
2. First, I need to identify the correct entity for "Birdland" in Hamburg (since there are other Birdland jazz clubs, e.g., in New York).
3. Then, I need to find the property that represents the founding date of an organization or club.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Birdland Hamburg" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hamburg, also known as Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Freie und Hansestadt (wd:Q1055): city and state in the North of Germany
2. Hamburger SV, also known as Hamburg SV, HSV, H.S.V., Hamburg Sport Club, HamburgerSV (wd:Q51974): German sports club based in Hamburg, with its largest branch being its football department
3. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, IA, Hamburg, Iowa (wd:Q998718): city in Fremont County, Iowa, United States
4. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, AR, Hamburg, Arkansas (wd:Q79657): city in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States
5. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, Minnesota, Hamburg, MN (wd:Q1005682): city in Carver County, Minnesota, United States
6. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, New Jersey, Hamburg, NJ (wd:Q1082931): borough in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States
7. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, New York, Hamburg, NY (wd:Q742785): town in Erie County, New York, United States
8. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, IL (wd:Q2672139): village in Calhoun County, Illinois, United States
9. Oriole Park at Camden Yards, also known as Birdland, Camden Yards, The House that Cal Built, The Yard (wd:Q1141174): baseball stadium in Baltimore, Maryland
10. Hamburg, also known as Hamburg, PA, Hamburg, Pennsylvania (wd:Q1181264): borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States

[Assistant]
The search for "Birdland Hamburg" did not return a direct match for the jazz club. The results are mostly for the city of Hamburg and unrelated entities.

Next, I will try searching for just "Birdland" to see if there is an entity for the jazz club, possibly with a disambiguation for Hamburg.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Oriole Park at Camden Yards, also known as Birdland, Camden Yards, The House that Cal Built, The Yard (wd:Q1141174): baseball stadium in Baltimore, Maryland
2. Birdland (wd:Q256347): New York City jazz club
3. Birdland (wd:Q2904435): album by The Yardbirds
4. Birdland (wd:Q784489): song
5. Birdland (wd:Q800176): jazz club in Hamburg
6. Birdland (wd:Q55652970): 2018 film directed by Peter Lynch
7. Birdland (wd:Q11854283)
8. Birdland, also known as Birdland, San Diego (wd:Q4916004): neighborhood of San Diego, California, United States
9. Oliver Ho, also known as Raudive, Seeker, Veil, Zov Zov, Life (wd:Q1722141): British DJ and electronic music producer, disc jockey, DJ producer
10. Birdland (wd:Q118905393): erotic comic book series

[Assistant]
I found an entity "Birdland" (wd:Q800176) described as a jazz club in Hamburg. This matches the user's question.

Next, I need to find the property for "founding date" or "inception" to get the year it was founded. I'll search for properties related to "founding date".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. location of formation, also known as place of incorporation, originates from, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): location where a group or organization was formed, location of creation
3. date of incorporation, also known as date incorporated, incorporated, incorporated on date, incorporation date, year incorporated (wd:P10786 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date when company, organization or city was incorporated
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
6. foundational text, also known as main text, treaty, organic law, founding document, establishing document (wd:P457 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): text through which an institution or object has been created or established
7. time of discovery or invention, also known as invented in, time of invention, time of discovery, invention time, invented on (wd:P575 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date or point in time when the item was discovered or invented
8. introduced on, also known as bill introduced on, introduction date, introduced date (wd:P9448 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date when a bill was introduced into a legislature, inception
9. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
10. earliest date, also known as no earlier than, terminus post quem, start date (earliest), on or after this date, minimum date (wd:P1319 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): earliest date at which an event could have happened. Use as qualifier for other date properties

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wdt:P571) is the most appropriate for finding the founding date of Birdland in Hamburg.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the inception date of wd:Q800176 (Birdland, jazz club in Hamburg). I will also include an optional clause to get its label for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| inception                           | club                  |
| ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| 1985-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Birdland (wd:Q800176) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the inception date (founding date) of the Birdland jazz club in Hamburg using its Wikidata identifier. The query also optionally retrieves the label, which is not required but does not interfere. The answer provided matches the query result. All rules are followed, and the output is correct and complete.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?author ?authorLabel ?authorString WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q44649835 wdt:P50 ?author .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?author rdfs:label ?authorLabel FILTER ( lang( ?authorLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  } UNION {
    wd:Q44649835 wdt:P2093 ?authorString .
  }
}

The authors of "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning" are Richard S. Zemel (Wikidata: wd:Q26702597), Jake Snell, and Kevin Swersky.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who wrote "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning"?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the author(s) of the paper "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning".
2. I need to find the entity for this paper in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the property that links a work (like a paper) to its author(s).

First, I will search for the entity "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835): scientific article published in January 2017
2. Hybrid Graph Neural Networks for Few-Shot Learning (wd:Q114887023): scientific article published in 2022
3. Convolutional Shrinkage Neural N...a-Learning for Few-Shot Learning (wd:Q114955057): scientific article published in 2022
4. Facial Skin Type Analysis Using ...rning with Prototypical Networks (wd:Q129793741): scholarly article published on 31 December 2023
5. Few-Shot Ensemble Learning for V...on with SlowFast Memory Networks (wd:Q130987343): scientific article published on 12 October 2020
6. Co-Learning for Few-Shot Learning (wd:Q114955104): scientific article published in 2022
7. Differential learning for learning networks (wd:Q123992464): US patent 11468327
8. Bayesian Learning for Neural Networks (wd:Q60016544): scientific article published in 1996
9. Information Maximization for Few-Shot Learning (wd:Q104090143): scientific article published in November 2020
10. Ensemble Learning for Multi-Layer Networks (wd:Q77697315): scholarly article by David Barber & Christopher M. Bishop published 1998 in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 10

[Assistant]
The top search result, "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning" (wd:Q44649835), matches the title and is a scientific article published in January 2017. This is almost certainly the correct entity.

Next, I need to find the property that links a scientific article to its author(s). I will search for properties related to "author".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant]
The property "author" (wd:P50) is the main creator(s) of a written work and is the appropriate property to use for linking the article to its authors.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the authors (as entities) of "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning" (wd:Q44649835) using the property "author" (wdt:P50). I will also try to get their labels (names) as optional information.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| author                          | authorLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Richard S. Zemel (wd:Q26702597) | Richard S. Zemel (en) |

[Tool]
Got 97 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                    | property                              | object                                                                              |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | author name string (wdt:P2093)        | Jake Snell                                                                          |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | instance of (wdt:P31)                 | scholarly article (wd:Q13442814)                                                    |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | title (wdt:P1476)                     | Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (en)                                    |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | publication date (wdt:P577)           | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                 |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | published in (wdt:P1433)              | Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (wd:Q39502823)                 |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | author (wdt:P50)                      | Richard S. Zemel (wd:Q26702597)                                                     |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | main subject (wdt:P921)               | few-shot learning (wd:Q110797734)                                                   |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | language of work or name (wdt:P407)   | English (wd:Q1860)                                                                  |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | full work available at URL (wdt:P953) | <https://papers.nips.cc/paper/6996-prototypical-networks-for-few-shot-learning.pdf> |
| Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning (wd:Q44649835) | official website (wdt:P856)           | <https://papers.nips.cc/paper/6996-prototypical-networks-for-few-shot-learning>     |
| ...                                                        | ...                                   | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The query using the "author" property (wdt:P50) returned only Richard S. Zemel. However, the listing of all properties for the article also shows "author name string" (wdt:P2093) with the value "Jake Snell". This suggests that some authors are represented as strings rather than as Wikidata entities.

To provide a complete answer, I should retrieve both entity-based authors (wdt:P50) and string-based authors (wdt:P2093).

I will now construct a SPARQL query that retrieves both types of authors for "Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning".

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| author                          | authorLabel           | authorString  |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------- |
| Richard S. Zemel (wd:Q26702597) | Richard S. Zemel (en) |               |
|                                 |                       | Jake Snell    |
|                                 |                       | Kevin Swersky |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves both Wikidata item-based authors (using wdt:P50) and string-based authors (using wdt:P2093) for the article 'Prototypical Networks for Few-shot Learning'. The answer accurately reflects the query results, listing both the Wikidata entity and string authors. The query follows best practices, returning IRIs where available and using OPTIONAL for labels. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?university ?universityLabel WHERE {
  ?university wdt:P31 wd:Q3918 ; wdt:P2196 ?studentCount .
  FILTER ( ?studentCount > 200000 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?university rdfs:label ?universityLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?universityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 7 rows and 2 columns:
| university                                                 | universityLabel                                 |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725) | National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (en) |
| University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)                        | University of Phoenix (en)                      |
| Cairo University (wd:Q194445)                              | Cairo University (en)                           |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)      | National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)   |
| Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)                         | Ain Shams University (en)                       |
| Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)                 | Allama Iqbal Open University (en)               |
| Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)                          | Universitas Terbuka (en)                        |

The universities with more than 200,000 students are:
- National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725)
- University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)
- Cairo University (wd:Q194445)
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)
- Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)
- Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)
- Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which universities have more than 200000 students?

[Assistant]
First, I need to identify the entity for "university" and the property for "number of students" in Wikidata. Then, I will look for universities where the number of students exceeds 200,000.

Step 1: Search for the entity "university".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. university, also known as uni, universities (wd:Q3918): academic institution for further education
2. University, also known as Suitcase City, University, FL (wd:Q2463874): human settlement in Hillsborough County, Florida, USA
3. medieval university, also known as mediaeval university, university (wd:Q1143413): corporation organized during the High Middle Ages
4. University, also known as University, Orange County, University, FL, University, Florida (wd:Q7894478): Orange County, Florida, USA
5. University, also known as University CDP, University Census Designated Place, University, Mississippi, University, MS (wd:Q3612349): census-designated place in Mississippi, United States
6. Expo Park/USC, also known as University (wd:Q1953496): Los Angeles Metro station
7. University Avenue, also known as University, University Ave (wd:Q3551335): street in Toronto, Ontario
8. Universidad, also known as Universidad station, University (wd:Q25442975): subway station in San Juan, Puerto Rico
9. University (wd:Q7894493): constituency of the Central and Western District Council of Hong Kong
10. Hochschule, also known as technical university, university (wd:Q21028957): German term for "higher schooling", i.e. institutions of tertiar... which may or may not include vocational or professional schools

[Assistant]
The relevant entity for "university" as an academic institution is wd:Q3918.

Next, I need to find the property for "number of students".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. count of students, also known as count of pupils, count of students, enrollment, number of pupils, number of pupils or students (wd:P2196 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of pupils or students of any type in an educational organ...evious years normal rank (not deprecated rank). Don't overwrite.
2. student, also known as teacher to, teacher of, had student, students, pupils (wd:P802 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): notable student(s) of the subject individual, significant person
3. number of out-of-school children (wd:P2573 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of out-of-school children reported for a place
4. number of teachers, also known as faculty count (wd:P10610 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of teachers at an educational facility
5. school class, also known as class, cohort, grade, school cohort, stage (wd:P7174 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): (qualifier) class of a given year/time period to which the person belonged in an educational institution
6. number of children, also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids (wd:P1971 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of children of the person, animal, or character
7. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
8. student retention rate (wd:P11698 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): proportion of first-year students at the educational institution who return for their second year
9. number of participants, also known as number of competitors, number of teams, participant count, participants, qty participants (wd:P1132 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of participants of an event, e.g. people or groups of people that take part in the event (NO units), quantity
10. educational stage, also known as student classification (wd:P7374 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): educational stage of a specific school; qualifier of "educated at" (P69): the education stage of someone's attendance of school

[Assistant]
The property for "number of students" is wd:P2196 ("count of students").

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find universities (wd:Q3918) with a count of students (wd:P2196) greater than 200,000. I will also try to include their labels for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 1 column:
| university                                                 |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725) |
| University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)                        |
| Cairo University (wd:Q194445)                              |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)      |
| Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)                         |
| Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)                 |
| Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)                          |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 2 columns:
| university                                                 | universityLabel                                 |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (wd:Q131290725) | National Open University of Nigeria, Lafia (en) |
| University of Phoenix (wd:Q1889100)                        | University of Phoenix (en)                      |
| Cairo University (wd:Q194445)                              | Cairo University (en)                           |
| National Autonomous University of Mexico (wd:Q222738)      | National Autonomous University of Mexico (en)   |
| Ain Shams University (wd:Q2723670)                         | Ain Shams University (en)                       |
| Allama Iqbal Open University (wd:Q3694529)                 | Allama Iqbal Open University (en)               |
| Universitas Terbuka (wd:Q7894421)                          | Universitas Terbuka (en)                        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves universities (wd:Q3918) with a student count (wd:P2196) greater than 200,000, returning their IRIs and optionally their English labels. The answer matches the query result and follows all specified rules. No further refinement is needed.