PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK {
  wd:Q42053 wdt:P1082 ?population FILTER ( ?population >= 1000000 )
}

Yes, Isfahan is a big city (its population is above 1 million).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] is Isfahan a big city?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking if Isfahan is a "big city." This is subjective, but in Wikidata, we can look for population data or city status to determine if Isfahan is considered a big city.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for Isfahan in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the property for population or city status.
4. I will check if Isfahan's population is above a certain threshold (e.g., 1 million), which is a common criterion for a "big city."

Let's start by searching for the entity "Isfahan" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Isfahan, also known as Spahān, Spahan, Sepahan, Ispahān, Ispahân (wd:Q42053): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
2. Isfahan (wd:Q21998562): 1967 jazz song by Duke Ellington
3. Isfahan (wd:Q103936201): encyclopedia article
4. Isfahan Province, also known as Esfahan Province (wd:Q1367759): province of Iran
5. Isfahan County (wd:Q1282082): county in Isfahan Province, Iran
6. Isfahan International Airport, also known as IFN, IFN Airport, Isfahan Airport, OIFM, Shahid Beheshti Airport (wd:Q1151889): International Airport in Isfahan, Iran
7. Baharestan, also known as Baharestan, Isfahan (wd:Q430773): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
8. Isfahan Metro (wd:Q5963929): rapid transit system in Isfahan, Iran
9. Dowlatabad, also known as Shapurabad, Dowlatabad, Isfahan, Dowlatabad, Borkhar, Dowlatābād, Daulatābād (wd:Q2616779): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
10. Isfahan Grand Bazaar, also known as Isfahan Bazaar, Grand Bazaar of Isfahan, Grand Bazaar, Isfahan, Bazaar of Isfahan (wd:Q2754230): bazaar in Isfahan, Iran

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for Isfahan as a city is wd:Q42053.

Next, I need to find the property for population, as this is a common metric for determining if a city is "big." I will search for the property "population" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for population is wd:P1082.

Now, I will check the population of Isfahan (wd:Q42053) using the property population (wd:P1082). If the population is above 1 million, I will consider it a "big city." Let's query for the population value.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| population            |
| --------------------- |
| 1961260 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant]
The population of Isfahan is 1,961,260, which is well above 1 million. This supports the conclusion that Isfahan is a "big city" by common standards.

Now, I will provide a SPARQL query that checks if Isfahan's population is greater than or equal to 1,000,000 and return a boolean (True/False) answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The output is correct and complete. The SPARQL query is an ASK query, as required for a True/False question, and it checks if Isfahan's population is at least 1 million, which is a reasonable threshold for a 'big city.' The query returns True, supporting the answer. No further refinement is needed.


Failed to generate SPARQL query

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Apart from the book series the witcher, name all of the author’s notable work.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for all notable works of the author of "The Witcher" book series, excluding "The Witcher" series itself.
2. First, I need to identify the author of "The Witcher" book series.
3. Then, I need to find all notable works by that author, excluding "The Witcher" series.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "The Witcher" book series.
I will search for the entity "The Witcher" in Wikidata to identify the book series and its author.

Let's search for "The Witcher".


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person wdt:P166 wd:Q17985761 .
  ?person wdt:P172 wd:Q49085 .
}

102 African-American people have received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify "African-American people" as an entity or class in Wikidata.
2. We need to identify the property for "got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame"—likely an award or honor.
3. We need to count how many unique African-American people have received this honor.

Step 1: Search for the entity representing "African-American people" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. human, also known as human being, person, people, nonfictional human, non-fictional human (wd:Q5): any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo
2. people, also known as folk, folks, peoples, volk (wd:Q2472587): plurality of persons considered as a whole, from a government perspective
3. African Americans, also known as Black or African American, African-American, Black Americans and Afro-Americans, Black Americans, African American people (wd:Q49085): Americans with sub-Saharan African ancestry
4. People, also known as People Magazine, People Weekly (wd:Q33659): American weekly magazine devoted to celebrity and human-interest
5. People (wd:Q3283364): Barbra Streisand's fourth solo studio album
6. People, also known as People (Windows), Windows Live Contacts, Windows Live People (wd:Q1398059): part of Microsoft's Windows Live services
7. People (wd:Q3899333): song written for the Broadway musical Funny Girl (1964)
8. People, also known as People Records (wd:Q3899338): US record label
9. People (wd:Q1685796): EP by Animal Collective
10. People, also known as People - Jet-Set 2 (wd:Q769695): 2004 film by Fabien Onteniente

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "African Americans" is wd:Q49085.

Next, let's identify the property for "got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame." This is likely an award or honor, so I'll search for properties related to "Hollywood Walk of Fame."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): person linked to the item in any possible way
2. Movie Walker Press person ID, also known as Movie Walker person ID (wd:P7745 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): identifier of person on the Movie Walker Press database
3. bases on balls, also known as BB, walks total, walks career total, walks, number of walks (wd:P9188 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): number of walks in a baseball career or game(s)
4. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
5. media legend, also known as video legend, video description, video caption, caption, media description (wd:P2096 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier to describe the media of the statement. This avoids le...the media is defined at Wikidata. For the date, use P585 instead
6. hotel rating, also known as hotel stars, star rating of a hotel (wd:P10290 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): star rating of the hotel
7. spectral class, also known as is an object of class, is a star of class (wd:P215 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): spectral class of an astronomical object
8. California Sports Hall of Fame athlete ID (wd:P4507 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): identifier for an athlete on the California Sports Hall of Fame website
9. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
10. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject

[Assistant] None of the top property results directly reference the Hollywood Walk of Fame as an award or honor. It's possible that the Walk of Fame is modeled as an "award received" or "honor" in Wikidata. Let's search for the entity "Hollywood Walk of Fame" to see how it is represented and if it is used as an award or honor.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Walk of Fame (wd:Q71719): more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded i...ulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California
2. star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star (wd:Q17985761): award in the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Hollywood, California, United States
3. Hollywood's Rock Walk of Fame (wd:Q3139400)
4. Walk of Fame (wd:Q48673901): 2017 film by Jesse Thomas
5. Walk of Fame (wd:Q51084447): street in Saint Petersburg, Russia
6. Starr gets star; Ringo added to Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q18021457): Wikinews article
7. Walk of Fame (wd:Q7962075): memorial for famous dogs in Battersea Park, London, England, UK
8. walk of fame (wd:Q47502370): sidewalk or similar construction that commemorates outstanding individuals in a particular group
9. Walk of Fame (wd:Q114476628): episode of Cupcake Wars (S2 E11)
10. Walk of Fame, also known as Wigan's Walk of Fame, Believe Square (wd:Q121879112): public walkway in Wigan, England

[Assistant]
There are two relevant entities:
- "Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q71719): the physical location.
- "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761): the award itself.

We want people who have received the "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" award. This is likely modeled with the "award received" property. Let's search for the property "award received" to confirm its property ID.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
2. for work, also known as awarded for work, citation for award, for their work on, nominated for work (wd:P1686 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier of award received (P166) to specify the work that an award was given to the creator for
3. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
4. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
5. nominated for, also known as nominee for, shortlisted for, selected for award, selected for, nominee for award (wd:P1411 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): award nomination received by a person, organisation or creative work (inspired from "award received" (Property:P166))
6. eligible recipient, also known as eligible recipient for award, type of recipient who is eligible for this award (wd:P8115 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): party that is eligible to receive something, like an award, grant or prize
7. award rationale, also known as award citation, rationale, award reason (wd:P6208 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier to add short citation explaining the official reason f... or add comments about a person's award. No quote marked needed.
8. trophy awarded, also known as cup awarded, diploma awarded, medal awarded (wd:P4622 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): trophy awarded at the end of a selection process or of a competi...winners or finishers under the form of a cup, a medal, a diploma
9. nominee, also known as award nominee (wd:P2453 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): qualifier used with “nominated for” to specify which person or organization was nominated
10. awarded for period (wd:P4566 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): period during which the achievement must have been made to be eligible for an award

[Assistant]
The property "award received" is wd:P166.

To summarize, our plan is:
- Select humans (wd:Q5) who are instances of "African Americans" (wd:Q49085).
- Who have "award received" (wdt:P166) the "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761).
- Count the number of unique such people.

Let's construct the SPARQL query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 102 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and follows all the required rules. It counts the number of distinct humans (wd:Q5) who have received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) and are identified as African American (wd:Q49085) by their ethnic group (wd:P172). The query returns only the count, as required by the question, and does not include unnecessary labels or information. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?inventor WHERE {
  wd:Q163310 wdt:P61 ?inventor
}

The Turing machine was created by Alan Turing (wd:Q7251).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who created the Turing machine?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity "Turing machine" needs to be identified in Wikidata.
2. We need to find the property that links an invention or concept to its creator (likely "creator", "inventor", or similar).
3. We will then construct a SPARQL query to find the creator(s) of the Turing machine.

First, I will search for the entity "Turing machine" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Turing machine, also known as deterministic Turing machine (wd:Q163310): abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation th...pulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
2. Turing Machine (wd:Q7854958): band
3. Turing Machine (wd:Q118469770): Greek theatrical performance at the New Theatre of Katerina Vassilakou, Athens, 2022/3
4. Turing Machine (wd:Q116450980): 2022 board game
5. non-deterministic Turing machine, also known as nondeterministic Turing machine, NTM (wd:Q1190223): may have a set of rules that prescribes more than one action for...t actions may apply for the same combination of state and symbol
6. universal Turing machine, also known as UCM, Universal Computing Machine, UTM (wd:Q2703890): turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on ...e to be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape
7. probabilistic Turing machine (wd:Q1191836): non-deterministic Turing machine which chooses between the avail...sitions at each point according to some probability distribution
8. quantum Turing machine (wd:Q765620): model of quantum computation
9. Alternating Turing machine, also known as Alternating Turing Machine, ATM (wd:Q438833): abstract computation model
10. neural Turing machine (wd:Q25325414): neural network with external memory

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Turing machine" as a mathematical model of computation is wd:Q163310.

Next, I need to find the property that links an invention or concept to its creator. Common candidates are "creator" or "inventor". I will search for properties related to "creator" and "inventor" to determine the most appropriate one.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. collection creator, also known as creator, archive creator, collector, archives of, archive of (wd:P6241 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
2. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
3. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
4. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
5. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
6. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
7. possible creator, also known as creator (possible), attributed to (wd:P1779 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): for a creative work with considerable uncertainty about the author
8. developer, also known as written by, video game developer, video game dev, game developer, game dev (wd:P178 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): organization or person that developed the item, creator
9. fabrication method, also known as process used, method of cooking, preparation method, obtained by, method used (wd:P2079 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): method, process or technique used to grow, cook, weave, build, assemble, manufacture the item, uses
10. foundational text, also known as main text, treaty, organic law, founding document, establishing document (wd:P457 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): text through which an institution or object has been created or established

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. discoverer or inventor, also known as inventor or discoverer, inventor, invented by, invented, introduced by (wd:P61 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory
2. time of discovery or invention, also known as invented in, time of invention, time of discovery, invention time, invented on (wd:P575 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date or point in time when the item was discovered or invented
3. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
4. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
5. collection creator, also known as creator, archive creator, collector, archives of, archive of (wd:P6241 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
6. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
7. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
8. Justia Patents inventor ID (wd:P3874 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): ID of an inventor in Justia Patents
9. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
10. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator

[Assistant]
The property "discoverer or inventor" (wd:P61) is the most appropriate for linking an invention or concept to its inventor.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the discoverer or inventor (wd:P61) of the Turing machine (wd:Q163310). I will also optionally retrieve the label of the inventor for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| inventor               | inventorLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ---------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) | Alan Turing (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer is correct and complete. The SPARQL query directly retrieves the inventor (wdt:P61) of the Turing machine (wd:Q163310), and the result matches the expected answer: Alan Turing (wd:Q7251). The query returns the IRI as required, and no further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?inception WHERE {
  wd:Q523286 wdt:P571 ?inception
}

Hambach Castle was built around the year 1100.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Hambach Castle built?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity in question is "Hambach Castle".
2. The property we are interested in is the date or year it was built (construction date).

First, I will search for the entity "Hambach Castle" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286): castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2. castle (wd:Q23413): type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility
3. rook, also known as marquess, tower, Rook (chess), rector, R (wd:Q137): piece from the board game chess
4. castling, also known as castle (wd:Q102877): chess move in which the king moves 2 squares toward a rook, while the rook moves to the square passed over by the king
5. Castle (wd:Q386880): American police procedural comedy-drama television series (2009-2016)
6. Hambach (wd:Q22391): commune in Moselle, France
7. château, also known as castle, chateau, landschloss (wd:Q751876): type of manor house mostly built by noble families for representative purposes
8. Hambach, also known as Hambach (Diez) (wd:Q566907): municipality of Germany
9. Castle, also known as Castle, OK (wd:Q3287085): town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States
10. Peveril Castle, also known as Peak Castle, Peveril Castle eleventh to fourteenth century tower keep castle, Castleton Castle (wd:Q255574): castle in Castleton, Derbyshire, England, UK

[Assistant]
The relevant entity for Hambach Castle is wd:Q523286.

Next, I need to find the property that represents the date or year a building was constructed. I will search for properties related to "built" or "construction date".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. main building contractor, also known as contractor, general contractor, main contractor, prime contractor, constructed by (wd:P193 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): the main organization (or person) responsible for construction of this structure or building, manufacturer
3. manufacturer, also known as manufactured by, provider, provided by, product of, producer (wd:P176 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): (main or final) manufacturer or producer of this product
4. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
5. made from material, also known as material used, manufactured out of, manufactured from, made of material, made of (wd:P186 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): material the subject or the object is made of or derived from (do not confuse with P10672 which is used for processes), uses
6. total produced, also known as total made, total built, quantity issued, qty produced, qty made (wd:P1092 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): quantity of item produced
7. commissioned by, also known as client, orderer, made for, commissioner, built for (wd:P88 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): person or organization that commissioned this work
8. service entry, also known as commissioned, time of service entry, service introduction, launch date, in service (wd:P729 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service, start time
9. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
10. practiced by, also known as proponent, studied by, practitioners, practioner, occupation of this field (wd:P3095 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): type of agents that study this subject or work in this field

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the construction date is "inception" (wd:P571), which is commonly used for the date when a building or structure began to exist.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the inception date for Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| inception                           |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the inception (founding) date of Hambach Castle using the appropriate entity and property. The answer provided matches the query result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?festival WHERE {
  ?festival wdt:P31 wd:Q220505 ; wdt:P571 ?inception .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?festival wdt:P31 wd:Q182683
  }
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?festival wdt:P31 wd:Q667276
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?festival rdfs:label ?label FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?festival schema:description ?desc FILTER ( LANG( ?desc ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( COALESCE ( ?label , "" ) ) , "film" ) || CONTAINS( LCASE( COALESCE ( ?desc , "" ) ) , "film" ) )
}
ORDER BY ASC ( ?inception )
LIMIT 1

The oldest dedicated film festival is the Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), which started in 1932.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the oldest film festival?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for the "oldest film festival".
2. This implies we need to find entities that are film festivals and determine which one has the earliest inception/start date.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "film festival" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property for "inception" or "start date".
Step 3: Write a query to find all film festivals, get their inception/start date, and select the one with the earliest date.

First, let's search for the entity "film festival".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. film festival, also known as motion picture festival, movie festival (wd:Q220505): dedicated event to screen films
2. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125606262)
3. Filmworks Film Festival (wd:Q125735665)
4. Filmshift Film Festival (wd:Q125712688)
5. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q125713127)
6. Filmstock Film Festival (wd:Q14681975): annual film festival held in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah, USA
7. film festival (wd:L745705-S1)
8. Cannes Film Festival, also known as Cannes International Film Festival, Festival de Cannes (wd:Q42369): annual film festival held in Cannes, France
9. Berlin International Film Festival, also known as Internationale Filmfestspiele Berlin, Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, Berlin Festival (wd:Q130871): annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany
10. Venice Film Festival, also known as Venice International Film Festival (wd:Q49024): annual film festival held in Venice, Italy

[Assistant]
The general concept of "film festival" is represented by wd:Q220505.

Next, I need to find the property for "inception" or "start date" to determine when each film festival began. I will search for properties related to "inception".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. location of first performance, also known as premiere, premiered at, premiere held at, premiere location, world premiere (wd:P4647 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): location where a work was first debuted, performed or broadcasted, significant place
3. date of first performance, also known as time of first performance, world premiere date, world premiere, premiere date, premiere (wd:P1191 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): date a work was first debuted, performed or live-broadcasted, publication date
4. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
5. aperture (wd:P7863 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): aperture of a camera lens
6. Israel Museum Jerusalem artist ID, also known as IMAGINE (wd:P7681 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): identifier of a person (artist) in the Israel Museum Jerusalem collection
7. language style, also known as manner, term register, obsolete, register, sense register (wd:P6191 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): to denote of the way a sense of a word is used, e.g., slang, vulgarism, babytalk, colloquialism, etc.
8. torque, also known as moment, moment of force (wd:P2230 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): torque of a machine, a motor/engine/powerplant, or a vehicle
9. catchphrase, also known as has catchphrase, mantra, slogan, tagline, uses catchphrase (wd:P6251 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): commonly used phrase by which someone or something may be recognized
10. has goal, also known as intention, mission, objective, objective of project or action, project of (wd:P3712 as pqn/pqv/p/pq/ps/wdt/psn/prn/psv/prv/wdtn/pr): desired result or outcome

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wd:P571) is the most relevant for finding the start date of film festivals.

Now, I need to find all entities that are instances of "film festival" (wd:Q220505) and have an inception date (wdt:P571). I will then select the one with the earliest inception date.

Let's construct a query to get all film festivals and their inception dates, ordering by the earliest date.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| festival                                             | inception                           |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751)                         | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024)                     | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| wd:Q4304164                                          | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235)      | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool]
Got 431 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | film festival (wd:Q220505)                                                                   |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Italy (wd:Q38)                                                                               |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Venice (wd:Q641)                                                                             |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(12.358611 45.428889) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                  |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Venice Biennale                                                                              |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/La%20Biennale%20di%20Venezia%202019.jpg> |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | location (wdt:P276)                                         | Venetian Arsenal (wd:Q1262248)                                                               |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1895-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                          |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                                      | 59th Venice Biennale (wd:Q80150520)                                                          |
| Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) | official name (wdt:P1448)                                   | La Biennale Di Venezia (it)                                                                  |
| ...                          | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 401 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                          | property                         | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | film festival (wd:Q220505)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | country (wdt:P17)                | Italy (wd:Q38)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)   | POINT(12.367290 45.405975) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Venice Film Festival                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mostra%20Internazionale%20d%E2%80%99Arte%20Cinematografica%20%28Venezia%29%20%284979198162%29.jpg> |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | location (wdt:P276)              | Venice (wd:Q641)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | inception (wdt:P571)             | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | official name (wdt:P1448)        | Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cin...rafica della Biennale di Venezia (it)                                                                               |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | official website (wdt:P856)      | <https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/>                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | topic's main category (wdt:P910) | wd:Q6394637                                                                                |
| ...                              | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
From the results, the entity Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) is the oldest, with an inception date of 1895. However, the Venice Biennale is a broader art exhibition, not exclusively a film festival. The Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), with an inception date of 1932, is the oldest dedicated film festival.

Therefore, the oldest film festival is the Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), which started in 1932.

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The answer provided states that the oldest film festival is the Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024), but the SPARQL query actually returns "Venice Biennale" (wd:Q205751), which is a broader cultural event and not specifically the film festival. The query should be refined to ensure it returns only film festivals (not general festivals or biennales) and that the result matches the expected entity (Venice Film Festival, wd:Q49024). Please adjust the query to filter for film festivals specifically and verify the result.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the previous query included all entities that are instances of "film festival" (wd:Q220505), but some broader events like the Venice Biennale (wd:Q205751) are also classified as such, even though they are not exclusively film festivals.

To refine the query:
- We need to ensure we are only considering dedicated film festivals, not general art festivals or biennales.
- One way to do this is to exclude entities that are also classified as broader types like "biennale" (wd:Q1320047) or "art exhibition" (wd:Q4502142), or to check for the presence of "film" in their official name or description.
- Alternatively, we can check for festivals that have "film" in their label or official name, but the most robust way is to exclude known broader types.

Step 1: Search for the entity "biennale" to get its QID for exclusion.
Step 2: Refine the query to select only entities that are instances of "film festival" and not instances of "biennale" or "art exhibition".

Let's start by searching for "biennale".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. festival, also known as biennale, Fiesta Day, festivity, festival series, feast (wd:Q132241): organized set of events or activities focused on a theme (cultur...e.g. once a year) and lasts anywhere from several hours to weeks
2. biennale, also known as art biennale, art biennial, biennial (wd:Q182683): art event that happens every two years
3. Venice Biennale, also known as Biennale di Venezia, La Biennale di Venezia (wd:Q205751): biennial art exhibit in Venice, Italy
4. Venice Biennale of Architecture, also known as Biennale Architettura (wd:Q2603698): biennial architecture expo in Venice, Italy
5. Gwangju Biennale (wd:Q484487): contemporary art biennale
6. Florence Biennale (wd:Q857685): art biennial
7. Berlin Biennale (wd:Q821255): art biennial
8. Biennale of Sydney, also known as Sydney Biennale (wd:Q857674): art biennial
9. Shanghai Biennale (wd:Q1968971)
10. Dakar Biennale, also known as Dak'Art - Biennale de l'Art Africain Contemporain (wd:Q30460): art exhibition in Dakar, Senegal

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. art exhibition, also known as arts exhibition, art show, exhibition, visual arts exhibition (wd:Q667276): organized presentation and display of works of art
2. Leningrad, History, People, also known as art exhibition (wd:Q113633577): Exhibition
3. Art Exhibition (wd:Q120042384): painting by Marjorie Kate Heather (1905–1989), West Berkshire Museum
4. Art Exhibition (wd:Q119440084): painting by Ernest Eastham (1914–2009), Rainford Village Hall
5. art exhibition (wd:Q55354989): 2018 exhibition at Kölnischer Kunstverein
6. Degenerate Art Exhibition (wd:Q329154): Series of propaganda exhibitions with defamed art by German Nazis, e.g. in Munich 1937
7. exhibition curator, also known as art curator, art exhibition curator, curator of an exhibition, curator of the exhibition (wd:Q780596): person in charge of organising an exhibition
8. Chōsen Art Exhibition, also known as Korean Art Exhibition, Korea Art Exhibition, Joseon Miseul Jeonramhui, Chosŏn Art Exhibition, Chōsen Bijutsu Tenrankai (wd:Q11271155): 1922–1944 art exhibition in colonial Korea
9. Stealable Art Exhibition (wd:Q98082835): art exhibition held in Tokyo
10. All-Union art exhibition (wd:Q17985491): art exhibition held by the Soviets in the late 1950s

[Assistant]
The entity for "biennale" is wd:Q182683 and for "art exhibition" is wd:Q667276.

To refine the query, I will:
- Select entities that are instances of "film festival" (wd:Q220505)
- Exclude entities that are also instances of "biennale" (wd:Q182683) or "art exhibition" (wd:Q667276)

Let's construct the refined SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| festival                                              | inception                           |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617)  | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024)                      | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| wd:Q4304164                                           | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235)       | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (wd:Q332869) | 1946-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                              | property                    | object                                      |
| ---------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | instance of (wdt:P31)       | film festival (wd:Q220505)                  |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | inception (wdt:P571)        | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)         |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | official website (wdt:P856) | <http://www.aetf.org.uk>                    |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)      | /m/04gvm8h                                  |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | wdt:P31279                  | festival (wd:Q132241)                       |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | schema:description          | UK amateur theatre festival (en)            |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | schema:name                 | National Festival of Community Theatre (en) |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | rdf:type                    | wikibase:Item                               |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | rdfs:label                  | National Festival of Community Theatre (en) |
| National Festival of Community Theatre (wd:Q6972617) | skos:prefLabel              | National Festival of Community Theatre (en) |
| ...                                                  | ...                         | ...                                         |

[Tool]
Got 401 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                          | property                         | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | film festival (wd:Q220505)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | country (wdt:P17)                | Italy (wd:Q38)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)   | POINT(12.367290 45.405975) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Venice Film Festival                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mostra%20Internazionale%20d%E2%80%99Arte%20Cinematografica%20%28Venezia%29%20%284979198162%29.jpg> |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | location (wdt:P276)              | Venice (wd:Q641)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | inception (wdt:P571)             | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | official name (wdt:P1448)        | Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cin...rafica della Biennale di Venezia (it)                                                                               |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | official website (wdt:P856)      | <https://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/>                                                                                |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024) | topic's main category (wdt:P910) | wd:Q6394637                                                                                |
| ...                              | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
Upon inspection, the "National Festival of Community Theatre" (wd:Q6972617) is classified as a "film festival" but is actually a UK amateur theatre festival, not a film festival in the traditional sense.

The next result is the "Venice Film Festival" (wd:Q49024), which is widely recognized as the oldest dedicated film festival.

To ensure accuracy, I will further refine the query to only include festivals whose English label or description contains "film", to avoid misclassifications like theatre festivals.

Let's update the query to filter for entities that are instances of "film festival", not instances of "biennale" or "art exhibition", and whose English label or description contains "film".

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| festival                                              | inception                           |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Venice Film Festival (wd:Q49024)                      | 1932-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Moscow International Film Festival (wd:Q749235)       | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Karlovy Vary International Film Festival (wd:Q332869) | 1946-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the oldest film festival by selecting instances of 'film festival' (wd:Q220505), ordering them by their inception date, and excluding art biennales and art exhibitions. The query returns the IRI of the festival as required, and the answer matches the expected result (Venice Film Festival). No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?title WHERE {
  wd:Q7259 wdt:P97 ?title
}

Ada Lovelace’s noble title was 'Countess' (wd:Q5177051).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What was Ada Lovelace’s noble title?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Ada Lovelace".
2. The property we are looking for is her "noble title".

First, I will search for the entity "Ada Lovelace" in Wikidata to get her identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ada, also known as Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King, Lady Ada (wd:Q7259): English mathematician (1815–1852), English matematican, computer scientist, mathematician, programmer, translator, engineer, inventor, writer, poet
2. Ada Lovelace, also known as Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King-Noel, Countess of Lovelace, Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, Lady Ada, Lovelace, Ada (wd:Q7259): English mathematician (1815–1852), English matematican, computer scientist, mathematician, translator, programmer, inventor, engineer, writer, poet
3. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q114068528): GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
4. Ada Lovelace (wd:Q87282992): episode of In Our Time
5. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM
6. Ada Lovelace Day (wd:Q115052486): 2nd Tuesday in October celebrating women in STEM
7. Ada Lovelace Award (wd:Q30128828): award for women in computing
8. mail Ada Lovelace (wd:Q100740077): street of Saint-Denis, in Seine-Saint-Denis, France
9. Place Ada Lovelace (wd:Q124088750): public square at the EPFL, Ecublens, Switzerland
10. impasse Ada Lovelace (wd:Q125549094)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Ada Lovelace is wd:Q7259.

Next, I need to find the property related to "noble title" for this entity. I will search for properties of Ada Lovelace related to "noble" or "title".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. noble title, also known as hereditary title, nobility title, peerage, royal and noble ranks, royal title (wd:P97 as p/wdt): titles held by the person
2. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as p/wdt): person who has taught this person, significant person
3. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person
4. The Peerage person ID, also known as Peerage person ID, thepeerage, TP id (wd:P4638 as p/wdt): identifier for a person on The Peerage genealogical website
5. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
6. DUC ID, also known as Le Dictionnaire universel des Créatrices ID (wd:P7578 as p/wdt): identifier for a noted woman on the online version of Le Diction...l des Créatrices (English: The Universal Dictionary of Creators)
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. family name, also known as clan name, last name, surname (wd:P734 as p/wdt): part of full name of person, name
9. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
10. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "noble title" (wdt:P97) is the most relevant for finding Ada Lovelace's noble title.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve Ada Lovelace's noble title(s) using this property. I will also try to get the label for the title for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| title                  | titleLabel    |
| ---------------------- | ------------- |
| countess (wd:Q5177051) | countess (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer is correct and the SPARQL query is appropriate for the question. The query retrieves the noble title (wdt:P97) of Ada Lovelace (wd:Q7259) and returns the IRI of the title, as required. The answer also correctly identifies 'Countess' as her noble title. No further refinement is needed.