PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}

The query returned several songs composed by Jay Chou. Now, let's identify Jay Chou's albums and filter out the songs that are in his albums.

### Query: Albums produced by Jay Chou
```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute this query to find Jay Chou's albums.

```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute this query.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many songs were composed by Jay Chou but not released in his own albums?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool] No examples found

[Assistant] There are no similar examples. Let's start by searching for Jay Chou in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Chou, also known as President Chou, Zhou Jielun, Chou Chieh-lun (wd:Q238819): Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor, recording artist, record producer, film director, songwriter, composer, director, rapper, singer, actor
2. Jayanta Choudhury (wd:Q102339960): Ph.D. University of Louisiana at Lafayette 2008
3. Jaya Choudhary (wd:Q88317282): researcher
4. Jayadratha Choudhury (wd:Q107562664): Indian Odia-language writer, writer
5. Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331): 2016 studio album by Jay Chou
6. Jayanta Narayan Choudhury, also known as Jayanto Narayan Choudhury (wd:Q110437452): Indian police officer
7. Choudhury Jayprakash Das, also known as Choudhury Jayaprakash Das, Caudhurī Jaẏaprakāśa Dāsa (wd:Q60511536): Indian actor and academic, film actor, teacher, actor
8. Jay Chou 2007 World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q1100149): live album
9. J, also known as ᴊ, Juliett, Juliet, j, jay (wd:Q9773): 10th-17th letter of Latin alphabets
10. Eurasian Jay, also known as Garrulus glandarius, Jay, European Jay (wd:Q25354): species of bird

[Assistant] The first result is the correct Jay Chou. Now let's look for the property that indicates the composer of a song.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. composer, also known as music by, written by, songwriter, musical score by, film score by (wd:P86 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)], creator
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): author of song lyrics, author
4. composers.am person ID (wd:P9628 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): identifier for a person in the  site of Composers Union of Armenia
5. music created for, also known as music for, music for work, music made for, music made for work, music written for (wd:P9899 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): a work, event, etc. for which a musical composition was created ... was written; a film for which motion picture music was created), created for
6. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
7. Musicsperlacobla composer ID (wd:P11203 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): composer identifier used by musicsperlacobla archive
8. orchestrator, also known as arranged for orchestra by, orchestral arrangement by, orchestral arranger, orchestration by, orchestrations by (wd:P10806 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): person or body responsible for arranging a musical composition for orchestra, adapted by
9. Musicalics composer ID (wd:P6925 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): identifier for a composer in the Musicalics database
10. CompositionToday composer ID, also known as Composition Today composer ID (wd:P8688 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): composer ID on the website CompositionToday

[Assistant] The first result is the correct property for the composer of a song. Now we need to find the property that indicates the album a song belongs to.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
2. form of creative work, also known as work type, work form, type of work, artform, type of reference work (wd:P7937 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): structure of a creative work
3. featured track(s), also known as songs, soundtrack, OST, music tracks, music track (wd:P10664 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): soundtrack of this audiovisual work
4. tracklist, also known as tracks, track listing, track list, songs, list of tracks (wd:P658 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): audio tracks contained in this release, has part(s)
5. record of, also known as is a record of, is record of, records (wd:P11851 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): state or event an object is a physical representation of
6. number of records, also known as entries, rows, records, quantitiy of records, number of rows (wd:P4876 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): number of values of an identifier or records in a catalog
7. soundtrack release, also known as soundtrack single, soundtrack extended play, soundtrack album, has soundtrack album, OST (wd:P406 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): music release that incorporates music directly recorded from the soundtrack of an audiovisual work
8. music created for, also known as music for, music for work, music made for, music made for work, music written for (wd:P9899 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): a work, event, etc. for which a musical composition was created ... was written; a film for which motion picture music was created), created for
9. personal best, also known as PR, record, personal record, PB (wd:P2415 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): an individual's best performance in a given discipline
10. MusicBrainz release group ID, also known as album MBID, single MBID, single ID (MusicBrainz), release group MBID, release group ID (MusicBrainz) (wd:P436 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): identifier for a release group per the MusicBrainz open music encyclopedia (album, single, etc.)

[Assistant]
The first result is the correct property for indicating the album a song belongs to. Now we can construct a basic SPARQL query to find songs composed by Jay Chou. We will then filter out those that are in his albums.

Let's start with the basic query:

```sparql
SELECT ?song WHERE {
  wd:Q238819 wdt:P86 ?song .
}
```

This will give us all songs composed by Jay Chou. Next, we will filter out the songs that are in his albums.

First, let's identify Jay Chou's albums. We can use the `wdt:P178` property to find albums produced by Jay Chou.

```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Now, we can combine these queries to filter out the songs that are in his albums.

```sparql
SELECT ?song WHERE {
  wd:Q238819 wdt:P86 ?song .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?song wdt:P1433 ?album .
    ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
  }
}
```

Let's execute this query to see the results.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the query did not return any results. This could be due to several reasons, such as the data not being present in the knowledge graph or the properties not being used in the way we expected. Let's verify the properties and the relationships more carefully.

First, let's check if Jay Chou is indeed listed as the composer of any songs:

```sparql
SELECT ?song WHERE {
  wd:Q238819 wdt:P86 ?song .
}
```

We will execute this query to ensure that Jay Chou is indeed listed as the composer of any songs.

Next, we will check if Jay Chou is listed as the producer of any albums:

```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

We will execute both queries to verify the data.

### Query 1: Songs composed by Jay Chou
```sparql
SELECT ?song WHERE {
  wd:Q238819 wdt:P86 ?song .
}
```

### Query 2: Albums produced by Jay Chou
```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute these queries.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that there are no songs directly linked to Jay Chou as the composer using the `wdt:P86` property. This suggests that the data might be structured differently or the property might not be used in the expected way.

Let's try another approach. We can search for songs where Jay Chou is mentioned as a composer in a more general way. We can use the `p:P86` property to find statements about composers and then filter by Jay Chou.

### Query: Songs where Jay Chou is mentioned as a composer
```sparql
SELECT ?song WHERE {
  ?song p:P86 ?composerStatement .
  ?composerStatement ps:P86 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

This query will find songs where Jay Chou is mentioned as a composer in a statement. Let's execute this query to see if it returns any results.

If this query returns results, we can then proceed to filter out the songs that are in his albums.

### Query: Albums produced by Jay Chou
```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute the first query to find songs composed by Jay Chou.

```sparql
SELECT ?song WHERE {
  ?song p:P86 ?composerStatement .
  ?composerStatement ps:P86 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 1 column:
| song                                 |
| ------------------------------------ |
| Listen to Mom (wd:Q10918532)         |
| Chinese Herbal Manual (wd:Q11093458) |
| Say Love You (wd:Q114406775)         |
| wd:Q18658355                         |
| The Spirit of Knight (wd:Q45261044)  |
| Secret (wd:Q699749)                  |
| Kung Fu Dunk (wd:Q715295)            |

[Assistant]
The query returned several songs composed by Jay Chou. Now, let's identify Jay Chou's albums and filter out the songs that are in his albums.

### Query: Albums produced by Jay Chou
```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute this query to find Jay Chou's albums.

```sparql
SELECT ?album WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P178 wd:Q238819 .
}
```

Let's execute this query.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?work ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P50 wd:Q30875 .
  FILTER ( ?work != wd:Q82464 )
}

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many literary works besides The Picture of Dorian Gray did its author write?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which poet wrote the most books?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?s1 ( COUNT( ?s2 ) as ?c ) WHERE {
  ?s1 wdt:P106 wd:Q49757 .
  ?s2 wdt:P50 ?s1 .
  ?s2 wdt:P31 wd:Q571 .
}
GROUP BY ?s1
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?s2 ) )
OFFSET 0
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
poet, also known as bard, poetry writer, poetry author, poetess (wd:Q49757): person who writes poetry
book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 2:
Question:
Which poet wrote the most books?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q49757 .
  ?x wdt:P50 ?uri ; wdt:P31 wd:Q571 .
}
GROUP BY ?uri
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?x ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
poet, also known as bard, poetry writer, poetry author, poetess (wd:Q49757): person who writes poetry
book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
Who is the novelist of the work a song of ice and fire?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q45875 ?p ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q6625963 .
}

Using entities:
A Song of Ice and Fire, also known as A Song of Ice and Fire Series, Game of Thrones, Song of Ice and Fire, ASOIAF (wd:Q45875): series of epic fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin
novelist, also known as novel author, novel writer (wd:Q6625963): writer of novels

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

[Assistant] From the examples, we can see that we need to identify the author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray" and then count the number of literary works they have written, excluding "The Picture of Dorian Gray". Let's first search for "The Picture of Dorian Gray" to find its corresponding entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as El retrato de Dorian Gray, Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q82464): 1890–1891 novel by Oscar Wilde
2. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q1167299): 1945 film by Albert Lewin
3. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q7757057): 1916 film directed by Fred W. Durrant
4. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q16979666): 1913 film by Phillips Smalley
5. The Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q1397330): telenovela
6. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q7757058): 1917 film by Richard Oswald
7. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Dorian Grays Portræt, Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q15177406): 1910 film by Axel Strøm
8. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q1167302): 1976 television film
9. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q17044933): 1915 film directed by Eugene Moore
10. The Picture of Dorian Gray, also known as Picture of Dorian Gray (wd:Q7757059): 1918 Hungarian silent film by Alfréd Deésy

[Assistant] The correct entity for "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is `wd:Q82464`. Now, let's find the author of this work.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as p/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
2. publisher, also known as video game publisher, software publisher, comic book publisher, sheet music publisher, publishing house (wd:P123 as p/wdt): organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software
3. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as p/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
4. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
5. full work available at URL, also known as full text available at, full text available at URL, full text url, online mirror, online version (wd:P953 as p/wdt): URL of a web page containing the full body of this item, URL
6. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
7. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
8. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as p/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
9. Open Library ID, also known as Open Library book ID, OpenLibrary work ID, Open Library work ID, OpenLibrary identifier, Open Library identifier (wd:P648 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") for book data of the Internet Archive
10. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property for the author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is `wdt:P50`. Let's find out who the author is.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                  |
| ----------------------- |
| Oscar Wilde (wd:Q30875) |

[Assistant]
The author of "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is Oscar Wilde (`wd:Q30875`). Next, we need to find all the literary works written by Oscar Wilde and exclude "The Picture of Dorian Gray" from the count. We will use the property `wdt:P50` to find works authored by Oscar Wilde and `wdt:P31` to filter for literary works (books).

Let's start by finding all the works authored by Oscar Wilde.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the query did not return any results. This might be because the works are not directly linked to Oscar Wilde through the `wdt:P50` property. Instead, we should look for works where Oscar Wilde is the author and ensure they are instances of literary works.

Let's refine the query to include the `wdt:P31` property to filter for literary works (books).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query still did not return any results. This suggests that the works might not be directly classified as books (`wd:Q571`). Let's try a broader approach by searching for all works authored by Oscar Wilde and then filtering out "The Picture of Dorian Gray".

We will use the `wdt:P50` property to find all works authored by Oscar Wilde and then exclude "The Picture of Dorian Gray" from the results.

[Tool]
Got 253 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                    |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| The Importance of Being Earnest (wd:Q101004188)                         |
| La Maison des Grenades (wd:Q102010502)                                  |
| Le pretre et l'acolyte : etudes d'art et de litterature (wd:Q102116329) |
| In the Forest (wd:Q104006877)                                           |
| La Maison des Grenades (wd:Q105269058)                                  |
| ...                                                                     |
| Only Dull People are Brilliant at Breakfast (wd:Q85130218)              |
| The Soul of Man Under Socialism (wd:Q92936468)                          |
| The Soul of Man under Socialism (wd:Q92937793)                          |
| wd:Q93575744                                                            |
| wd:Q96940148                                                            |

[Assistant]
The query returned 253 works authored by Oscar Wilde, excluding "The Picture of Dorian Gray". To get the exact count, we can modify the query to count the number of works.

Let's execute the final query to get the count of literary works authored by Oscar Wilde, excluding "The Picture of Dorian Gray".

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 253 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query returned a count of 253 literary works authored by Oscar Wilde, excluding "The Picture of Dorian Gray".

Therefore, the answer to the question "How many literary works besides The Picture of Dorian Gray did its author write?" is 253.

Let's provide the final SPARQL query and the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
ASK WHERE {
  wd:Q42053 wdt:P1082 ?population .
  FILTER ( ?population > 1000000 )
}

True

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] is Isfahan a big city?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which city has the most inhabitants?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 / wdt:279 * wd:Q515 ; wdt:P1082 ?population .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
What is the largest city in america?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?res WHERE {
  ?res wdt:P17 wd:Q30 .
  ?res wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q515 .
  ?res wdt:P1082 ?population .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
United States, also known as the U.S. of A, United States of America, the US of America, United States of North America, U. S. (wd:Q30): country primarily located in North America
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
What is the largest city in Australia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q515 ; wdt:P17 wd:Q408 ; wdt:P1082 ?population .
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Australia, also known as AU, The Commonwealth of Australia, Stria, Straya, Stralia (wd:Q408): country in Oceania
city, also known as cities (wd:Q515): large human settlement

Using properties:
population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant] From the examples, we can see that the concept of a "big city" is often determined by population size. We can use the population property (wdt:P1082) to check if Isfahan has a large population. Let's first find the entity for Isfahan.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Isfahan, also known as Spahān, Spahan, Sepahan, Ispahān, Ispahân (wd:Q42053): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
2. Isfahan (wd:Q21998562): 1967 jazz song by Duke Ellington
3. Isfahan (wd:Q103936201): encyclopedia article
4. Isfahan Province, also known as Esfahan Province (wd:Q1367759): province of Iran
5. Isfahan County (wd:Q1282082): county in Isfahan Province, Iran
6. Isfahan International Airport, also known as IFN, IFN Airport, Isfahan Airport, OIFM, Shahid Beheshti Airport (wd:Q1151889): International Airport in Isfahan, Iran
7. Baharestan, also known as Baharestan, Isfahan (wd:Q430773): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
8. Isfahan Metro (wd:Q5963929): rapid transit system in Isfahan, Iran
9. Dowlatabad, also known as Shapurabad, Dowlatabad, Isfahan, Dowlatabad, Borkhar, Dowlatābād, Daulatābād (wd:Q2616779): city in Isfahan Province, Iran
10. Isfahan Grand Bazaar, also known as Isfahan Bazaar, Grand Bazaar of Isfahan, Grand Bazaar, Isfahan, Bazaar of Isfahan (wd:Q2754230): bazaar in Isfahan, Iran

[Assistant] The top result is the city of Isfahan (wd:Q42053). Now let's check if it has a significant population. We'll use the population property (wdt:P1082) to get the population of Isfahan.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| population            |
| --------------------- |
| 1961260 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant]
Isfahan has a population of approximately 1,961,260 people. This is a substantial population, indicating that Isfahan is indeed a big city.

To finalize, let's use an ASK query to confirm this conclusion.

[Tool] True

[Assistant]
The ASK query confirms that Isfahan has a population greater than 1,000,000, which is a reasonable threshold for considering a city to be "big."

Therefore, the answer to the question "Is Isfahan a big city?" is **True**.

Here is the final SPARQL query:

```sparql
ASK WHERE { wd:Q42053 wdt:P1082 ?population . FILTER(?population > 1000000) }
```

And the answer is **True**.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?work WHERE {
  wd:Q312101 wdt:P800 ?work .
  FILTER ( ?work != wd:Q11835640 )
}

Got 5 rows and 1 column:
| work                                   |
| -------------------------------------- |
| Time of Contempt (wd:Q2045474)         |
| The Last Wish (wd:Q2414756)            |
| The Tower of the Swallow (wd:Q4080260) |
| Lady of the Lake (wd:Q4113386)         |
| Baptism of Fire (wd:Q4240572)          |

Notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski, apart from the book series 'The Witcher', include: Time of Contempt, The Last Wish, The Tower of the Swallow, Lady of the Lake, and Baptism of Fire.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Apart from the book series the witcher, name all of the author’s notable work.

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who is the novelist of the work a song of ice and fire?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q45875 ?p ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q6625963 .
}

Using entities:
A Song of Ice and Fire, also known as A Song of Ice and Fire Series, Game of Thrones, Song of Ice and Fire, ASOIAF (wd:Q45875): series of epic fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin
novelist, also known as novel author, novel writer (wd:Q6625963): writer of novels

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

Example 2:
Question:
What other books have been written by the author of The Fault in Our Stars?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q658375 wdt:P50 ?author .
  ?uri wdt:P50 ?author .
  FILTER ( ?uri != wd:Q658375 )
}

Using entities:
The Fault in Our Stars, also known as TFiOS (wd:Q658375): novel by John Green

Using properties:
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

Example 3:
Question:
Which musician wrote the most books?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q639669 .
  ?x wdt:P31 wd:Q571 ; wdt:P50 ?uri .
}
GROUP BY ?uri
ORDER BY DESC ( COUNT( ?x ) )
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
musician, also known as musical artist (wd:Q639669): person who composes, conducts or performs music

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator

[Assistant] From the examples, we can see that the second example is the closest to our question. We need to find the author of "The Witcher" series and then list their other notable works. Let's start by finding the author of "The Witcher" series.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The Witcher, also known as The Witcher saga (wd:Q11835640): series of fantasy novels and short stories by Polish writer Andrzej Sapkowski
2. The Witcher (wd:Q47500433): 2019 fantasy drama television series
3. The Witcher (wd:Q287637): 2007 video game
4. The Witcher (wd:Q18935909): video game series by CD Projekt RED
5. The Hexer, also known as The Witcher (wd:Q1979337): 2002 fantasy television series
6. The Witcher, also known as Spellmaker (wd:Q9372681): short story by Andrzej Sapkowski
7. The Witcher (wd:Q11798735): short story collection by Andrzej Sapkowski
8. The Witcher, also known as The Witcher (remake) (wd:Q117083359): remake of the original 2007 'The Witcher' game
9. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, also known as Witcher 3, Wild Hunt, TW3, The Witcher III: Wild Hunt, The Witcher III (wd:Q4267401): 2015 action role-playing video game
10. Foundation series, also known as The Foundation Series (wd:Q1564644): series of science fiction books by Isaac Asimov

[Assistant] The first result, "The Witcher" (wd:Q11835640), seems to be the correct one for the book series. Now let's find the author of this series.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as p/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
2. publisher, also known as video game publisher, software publisher, comic book publisher, sheet music publisher, publishing house (wd:P123 as p/wdt): organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software
3. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as p/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
4. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
5. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
6. subreddit, also known as r/, reddit, Reddit community ID, Reddit forum, Reddit sub ID (wd:P3984 as p/wdt): name of the Reddit forum associated to this subject
7. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
8. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as p/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as p/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

No other items found

[Assistant] The property `author` (wd:P50) is the correct one to find the author of "The Witcher" series. Let's execute a query to get the author.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| author                         |
| ------------------------------ |
| Andrzej Sapkowski (wd:Q312101) |

[Assistant] The author of "The Witcher" series is Andrzej Sapkowski (wd:Q312101). Next, we need to find all of his notable works, excluding "The Witcher" series. Let's execute a query to get his other notable works.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the initial query did not return any results, which suggests that there might be a more specific way to filter out the notable works. Let's try to find the notable works by checking if they have a genre or are instances of a literary work.

First, let's check if there are any works by Andrzej Sapkowski that are instances of a literary work (wd:Q571).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that filtering by the instance of a literary work (wd:Q571) also did not yield any results. Let's try another approach by checking if the works have a genre (wd:P136) or are part of a series (wd:P179).

We'll start by checking if there are any works by Andrzej Sapkowski that have a genre.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
Checking for works with a genre also did not yield any results. Let's try one more approach by checking if there are any works by Andrzej Sapkowski that are part of a series (wd:P179), excluding "The Witcher" series.

We'll execute a query to find works by Andrzej Sapkowski that are part of a series, but not "The Witcher" series.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that none of the approaches we tried have yielded any results. This suggests that the notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski, apart from "The Witcher" series, might not be directly linked in the way we expected.

Let's try a different approach by searching for notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski and then filtering out "The Witcher" series manually. We'll use the property `notable work` (wd:P800) to find his notable works.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 1 column:
| work                                   |
| -------------------------------------- |
| Time of Contempt (wd:Q2045474)         |
| The Last Wish (wd:Q2414756)            |
| The Tower of the Swallow (wd:Q4080260) |
| Lady of the Lake (wd:Q4113386)         |
| Baptism of Fire (wd:Q4240572)          |

[Assistant]
The query using the `notable work` property (wd:P800) has successfully returned several notable works by Andrzej Sapkowski, excluding "The Witcher" series. Here are the notable works:

- Time of Contempt (wd:Q2045474)
- The Last Wish (wd:Q2414756)
- The Tower of the Swallow (wd:Q4080260)
- Lady of the Lake (wd:Q4113386)
- Baptism of Fire (wd:Q4240572)

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user's question.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( ?person ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P166 wd:Q17985761 ; wdt:P172 wd:Q49085 .
}

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many african-american people got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool] No examples found

[Assistant] There were no similar examples found. Let's start by searching for the entity "Hollywood Walk of Fame".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Walk of Fame (wd:Q71719): more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded i...ulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California
2. star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, also known as Hollywood Walk of Fame star (wd:Q17985761): award in the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Hollywood, California, United States
3. Hollywood's Rock Walk of Fame (wd:Q3139400)
4. Walk of Fame (wd:Q48673901): 2017 film by Jesse Thomas
5. Walk of Fame (wd:Q51084447): street in Saint Petersburg, Russia
6. Starr gets star; Ringo added to Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q18021457): Wikinews article
7. Walk of Fame (wd:Q7962075): memorial for famous dogs in Battersea Park, London, England, UK
8. walk of fame (wd:Q47502370): sidewalk or similar construction that commemorates outstanding individuals in a particular group
9. Walk of Fame (wd:Q114476628): episode of Cupcake Wars (S2 E11)
10. Walk of Fame, also known as Wigan's Walk of Fame, Believe Square (wd:Q121879112): public walkway in Wigan, England

[Assistant] The first result, "Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q71719), seems to be the correct entity we're looking for. Now let's search for the property "race or ethnicity" to see if it can help us identify African-American people.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
2. classification of race, also known as classification of cycling race (wd:P2502 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): race for which this classification applies
3. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
4. demographics of topic, also known as demography of topic (wd:P9241 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): item that deals with demographics of the subject
5. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
6. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
7. country for sport, also known as sports nationality, sports country, sport nationality, sporting nationality, sport country (wd:P1532 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): country a person or a team represents when playing a sport, country
8. grammatical gender, also known as gender (wd:P5185 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): grammatical gender of the word
9. social classification, also known as social class, social status (wd:P3716 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): social class as recognized in traditional or state law
10. animal breed, also known as breed, sheep breed, horse breed, goat breed, duck breed (wd:P4743 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): subject item belongs to a specific group of domestic animals, generally given by association

[Assistant] The property "ethnic group" (wd:P172) looks like it could be useful for identifying African-American people. Next, let's confirm that there is a specific value for "African American" under this property.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. African Americans, also known as Black or African American, African-American, Black Americans and Afro-Americans, Black Americans, African American people (wd:Q49085): Americans with sub-Saharan African ancestry
2. Black Indians in the United States, also known as African-Native American (wd:Q11334570): Native American people with significant African American heritage
3. African-American Jews, also known as the Jews in the African diaspora history, Jews in the African diaspora history, Jewish history of the African diaspora, Jewish history in the African diaspora, history of the Jews of the African diaspora (wd:Q16149615): people who are both African-American and Jewish
4. American British, also known as Native American British, Hispanic American British, Americans in the United Kingdom, Americans in England, Americans in Britain (wd:Q4745649): British people who are of American origin or Americans who live in the UK
5. South African Americans, also known as South African American (wd:Q7565427): ethnic group; Americans of South African ancestry
6. Americans, also known as U.S.-American, Yanks, Yankees, Usonians, U.S. Americans (wd:Q846570): citizens or residents of the United States of America
7. African people, also known as African, Africans (wd:Q1075929): inhabitants or ascendants of the African continent
8. Afro-Barbadian, also known as African Bajan, African, Black Barbadian, African Barbadian, Afro Bajan (wd:Q16821017): Barbadian people of African descent
9. Africa, also known as African continent (wd:Q15): continent
10. Indigenous peoples of the Americas, also known as American Indians, Amerindians, Indigenous Americans, Native Americans (wd:Q36747): peoples indigenous to the Western Hemisphere

No other items found

No literal items found

[Assistant]
The entity "African Americans" (wd:Q49085) is the correct value for the "ethnic group" property to identify African-American people.

Now, we need to find out how to link these people to the Hollywood Walk of Fame. We'll look for a property that connects people to their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. located on street, also known as on street, street address, street, square, road (wd:P669 as p/wdt): street, road, or square, where the item is located. To add the n...perty P6375 "street address", if there is no item for the street, location, part of
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
7. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as p/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. hashtag, also known as Flickr tag, tag, Twitter hashtag (wd:P2572 as p/wdt): reference keyword associated with this item for online communiti...lude the "#" symbol which is often used as a prefixed indicator)
10. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))

No other items found

[Assistant]
It seems that none of the properties listed directly connect people to their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. However, we can use the property "award received" (wdt:P166) to find people who have received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Let's confirm that "star on Hollywood Walk of Fame" (wd:Q17985761) is indeed an award that can be received.

[Tool]
Got 2,429 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                  | object                                        |
| -------------------------- | ------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| Donald Trump (wd:Q22686)   | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Michael Jackson (wd:Q2831) | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Ronald Reagan (wd:Q9960)   | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Charlie Chaplin (wd:Q882)  | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Thomas Edison (wd:Q8743)   | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| The Beatles (wd:Q1299)     | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Marilyn Monroe (wd:Q4616)  | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Neil Armstrong (wd:Q1615)  | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Elvis Presley (wd:Q303)    | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| Walt Disney (wd:Q8704)     | award received (wdt:P166) | star on Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761) |
| ...                        | ...                       | ...                                           |

[Assistant]
The property "award received" (wdt:P166) is indeed used to indicate that someone has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame (wd:Q17985761). Now, we can construct a SPARQL query to count the number of African-American people who have received this award.

Let's write the SPARQL query to find the count.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count         |
| ------------- |
| 105 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query has returned the count of African-American people who have received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. There are 105 such individuals.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer:

```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(?person) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P166 wd:Q17985761 ;
          wdt:P172 wd:Q49085 .
}
```

The answer is 105.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?creator WHERE {
  wd:Q163310 wdt:P61 ?creator .
}

Alan Turing

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who created the Turing machine?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Who created Wikipedia?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q52 wdt:P112 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Wikipedia, also known as Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit, WP, Wikipaedia (wd:Q52): free multilingual online encyclopedia

Using properties:
founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as wdt): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator

Example 2:
Question:
Who created English Wikipedia?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q52 wdt:P170 ?uri .
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
}

Using entities:
Wikipedia, also known as Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit, WP, Wikipaedia (wd:Q52): free multilingual online encyclopedia
human, also known as human being, person, people, nonfictional human, non-fictional human (wd:Q5): any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo

Using properties:
creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
Which computer scientist won an oscar?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P106 wd:Q82594 .
  ?uri wdt:P166 ?award .
  ?award wdt:P31 wd:Q19020 .
}

Using entities:
Academy Awards, also known as Oscars, The Oscars (wd:Q19020): annual awards for cinematic achievements
computer scientist, also known as computer professional, computer specialist (wd:Q82594): one who studies or practises computer science

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

[Assistant] Based on these examples, it seems like we need to find the entity for "Turing machine" and then look for the property "creator" or "inventor". Let's first search for the entity "Turing machine".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Turing machine, also known as deterministic Turing machine (wd:Q163310): abstract computation model; mathematical model of computation th...pulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules
2. Turing Machine (wd:Q7854958): band
3. Turing Machine (wd:Q118469770): Greek theatrical performance at the New Theatre of Katerina Vassilakou, Athens, 2022/3
4. Turing Machine (wd:Q116450980): 2022 board game
5. non-deterministic Turing machine, also known as nondeterministic Turing machine, NTM (wd:Q1190223): may have a set of rules that prescribes more than one action for...t actions may apply for the same combination of state and symbol
6. universal Turing machine, also known as UCM, Universal Computing Machine, UTM (wd:Q2703890): turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine on ...e to be simulated as well as the input thereof from its own tape
7. probabilistic Turing machine (wd:Q1191836): non-deterministic Turing machine which chooses between the avail...sitions at each point according to some probability distribution
8. quantum Turing machine (wd:Q765620): model of quantum computation
9. Alternating Turing machine, also known as Alternating Turing Machine, ATM (wd:Q438833): abstract computation model
10. neural Turing machine (wd:Q25325414): neural network with external memory

[Assistant] The correct entity for "Turing machine" is the first one, "Turing machine, also known as deterministic Turing machine (wd:Q163310)". Now let's search for the property "creator" or "inventor".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. discoverer or inventor, also known as inventor or discoverer, inventor, invented by, invented, introduced by (wd:P61 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): subject who discovered, first described, invented, or developed this discovery or invention or scientific hypothesis or theory
2. collection creator, also known as creator, archive creator, collector, archives of, archive of (wd:P6241 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
3. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
4. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
5. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
6. time of discovery or invention, also known as invented in, time of invention, time of discovery, invention time, invented on (wd:P575 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): date or point in time when the item was discovered or invented
7. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
8. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
9. possible creator, also known as creator (possible), attributed to (wd:P1779 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): for a creative work with considerable uncertainty about the author
10. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as pqn/pqv/psn/psv/prn/prv/p/pr/ps/pq/wdt/wdtn): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator

[Assistant]
The most relevant property here is "discoverer or inventor" (wd:P61). We will use this property to find out who created the Turing machine. Let's construct the SPARQL query and execute it.

```sparql
SELECT ?creator WHERE {
  wd:Q163310 wdt:P61 ?creator .
}
```

Now, let's run this query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| creator                |
| ---------------------- |
| Alan Turing (wd:Q7251) |

[Assistant]
The creator of the Turing machine is Alan Turing (wd:Q7251).

Let's finalize the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q523286 wdt:P571 ?date .
}

Hambach Castle was built around the year 1100.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] When was the Hambach Castle built?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
When was the Statue of Liberty built?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q9202 wdt:P571 ?date .
}

Using entities:
Statue of Liberty, also known as La Liberte eclairant la monde, La Liberté éclairant le monde, Liberty Enlightening the World, The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World (wd:Q9202): sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor in New York City, New York, United States

Using properties:
inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

Example 2:
Question:
Where was Bach born?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q1339 wdt:P19 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Johann Sebastian Bach, also known as J.S. Bach, J. S. Bach, J S Bach, Bach (wd:Q1339): German composer (1685–1750), music educator, choir director, school teacher, harpsichordist, concertmaster, musicologist, conductor, violinist, virtuoso, composer, organist

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

Example 3:
Question:
Where is the birthplace of Goethe?

SPARQL:
SELECT ?res WHERE {
  wd:Q5879 wdt:P19 ?res .
}

Using entities:
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, also known as Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe, Goethe (wd:Q5879): German writer, artist, natural scientist and politician (1749–1832), theatre manager, autobiographer, art historian, travel writer, visual artist, statesperson, mineralogist, art theorist, music critic, philosopher, playwright, theologian, art critic, politician, librettist, librarian, physicist, zoologist, diplomat, aphorist, polymath, botanist, composer, novelist, literary, diarist, painter, writer, jurist, lawyer, poet

Using properties:
place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant] From the examples, we can see that the property `inception` (P571) is used to denote when something was built. We need to find the entity for Hambach Castle first.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286): castle near the urban district Hambach of Neustadt an der Weinstraße in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2. castle (wd:Q23413): type of fortified structure built in Europe, Asia and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by nobility
3. rook, also known as marquess, tower, Rook (chess), rector, R (wd:Q137): piece from the board game chess
4. castling, also known as castle (wd:Q102877): chess move in which the king moves 2 squares toward a rook, while the rook moves to the square passed over by the king
5. Castle (wd:Q386880): American police procedural comedy-drama television series (2009-2016)
6. Hambach (wd:Q22391): commune in Moselle, France
7. château, also known as castle, chateau, landschloss (wd:Q751876): type of manor house mostly built by noble families for representative purposes
8. Hambach, also known as Hambach (Diez) (wd:Q566907): municipality of Germany
9. Castle, also known as Castle, OK (wd:Q3287085): town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma, United States
10. Peveril Castle, also known as Peak Castle, Peveril Castle eleventh to fourteenth century tower keep castle, Castleton Castle (wd:Q255574): castle in Castleton, Derbyshire, England, UK

[Assistant] The correct entity for Hambach Castle is `wd:Q523286`. Now let's check if it has the `inception` property (P571).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property             | object                              |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Hambach Castle (wd:Q523286) | inception (wdt:P571) | 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] We found that Hambach Castle was built around the year 1100. Let's formulate the final SPARQL query to confirm this.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| date                                |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1100-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The SPARQL query confirms that Hambach Castle was built around the year 1100.

[Tool] Stopped generation process