PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?position ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  wd:Q110719 wdt:P39 ?position .
  ?position wdt:P361 wd:Q260372 .
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

1 time

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many times was Oskar Lafontaine elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool] No examples found

[Assistant] Since we couldn't find any similar examples, let's start by searching for the entity "Oskar Lafontaine" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001)
2. Oscar I of Sweden, also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I (wd:Q52926): King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859, composer, monarch
3. Unsinkable Sam, also known as Oscar, Oskar (wd:Q893453): nickname of an alleged German ship's cat, ship's cat
4. Oskar Davičo, also known as Davičo, Oskar (wd:Q782418): Serbian writer (1909–1989), political commissar, journalist, writer, poet
5. Oskar, also known as Oskar (first name), Oskar (given name) (wd:Q18145769): male given name
6. Oskar (wd:Q12330497): 1962 film by Gabriel Axel
7. Lafontaine, also known as Lafontaine, KS, Lafontaine, Kansas (wd:Q16893891): human settlement in United States of America
8. Pierre Joseph Lafontaine, also known as M. Lafonteyne, M. La Fontaine, M. Lafontaine, M. De La Fontaine, Lafontene (wd:Q3385620): Belgian painter (1758-1835), art collector, painter
9. Lafontaine, also known as LaFontaine (wd:Q18043422): family name
10. LaFontaine (wd:Q3206243): provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada

[Assistant] None of these options seem to match our target person, Oskar Lafontaine. Let me try a more specific search.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001)
2. politician, also known as pol, political leader, polit., political figure (wd:Q82955): person who holds or seeks positions in government
3. Oscar I of Sweden, also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I (wd:Q52926): King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859, composer, monarch
4. Unsinkable Sam, also known as Oscar, Oskar (wd:Q893453): nickname of an alleged German ship's cat, ship's cat
5. Oskar Davičo, also known as Davičo, Oskar (wd:Q782418): Serbian writer (1909–1989), political commissar, journalist, writer, poet
6. Oskar, also known as Oskar (first name), Oskar (given name) (wd:Q18145769): male given name
7. Oskar (wd:Q12330497): 1962 film by Gabriel Axel
8. Lafontaine, also known as Lafontaine, KS, Lafontaine, Kansas (wd:Q16893891): human settlement in United States of America
9. Pierre Joseph Lafontaine, also known as M. Lafonteyne, M. La Fontaine, M. Lafontaine, M. De La Fontaine, Lafontene (wd:Q3385620): Belgian painter (1758-1835), art collector, painter
10. Lafontaine, also known as LaFontaine (wd:Q18043422): family name

[Assistant] It seems like the correct entity for Oskar Lafontaine is not appearing in the top 10 results. Let's try a different approach and directly look for the entity using the full name "Oskar Lafontaine".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001)
2. Oscar I of Sweden, also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I (wd:Q52926): King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859, composer, monarch
3. Unsinkable Sam, also known as Oscar, Oskar (wd:Q893453): nickname of an alleged German ship's cat, ship's cat
4. Oskar Davičo, also known as Davičo, Oskar (wd:Q782418): Serbian writer (1909–1989), political commissar, journalist, writer, poet
5. Oskar, also known as Oskar (first name), Oskar (given name) (wd:Q18145769): male given name
6. Oskar (wd:Q12330497): 1962 film by Gabriel Axel
7. Lafontaine, also known as Lafontaine, KS, Lafontaine, Kansas (wd:Q16893891): human settlement in United States of America
8. Pierre Joseph Lafontaine, also known as M. Lafonteyne, M. La Fontaine, M. Lafontaine, M. De La Fontaine, Lafontene (wd:Q3385620): Belgian painter (1758-1835), art collector, painter
9. Lafontaine, also known as LaFontaine (wd:Q18043422): family name
10. LaFontaine (wd:Q3206243): provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada

[Assistant]
It appears that the correct entity for Oskar Lafontaine is not among the top 10 results. However, I will manually check the first few pages of results to ensure I don't miss it. If it's not there, I'll need to take another approach.

Let's try searching for "Landtag of Saarland" to see if we can find the relevant entity for the legislative body.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q260372): Parliament of the German federal state of Saarland
2. 1st Landtag of Saarland, also known as 1st legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30547054): legislative term from 1947 to 1952
3. 11th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 11th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30547302): legislative term from 1994 to 1999
4. 12th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 12th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30547304): legislative term from 1999 to 2004
5. 10th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 10th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30547081): legislative term from 1990 to 1994
6. 17th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 17th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q111716931): legislative term from 2022 to 2027 (expected)
7. 14th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 14th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30547309): legislative term from 2009 to 2012
8. 13th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 13th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30547307): legislative term from 2004 to 2009
9. 16th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 16th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q30548671): legislative term from 2017 to 2022
10. 15th Landtag of Saarland, also known as 15th legislative term of the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q27949660): legislative term from 2012 to 2017

[Assistant]
We have found the entity for the "Landtag of Saarland" (wd:Q260372). Now, let's search for the property that indicates membership in a legislative body.

I will search for the property "member of" or "elected to" to find the appropriate property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
2. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
3. members have occupation, also known as profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of, organisation for (wd:P3989 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): some or all members of this group share the occupation
4. member count, also known as total members, number of members, count of members, amount of members, membership (wd:P2124 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): number of entities that are part of an organization at a particular time
5. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
6. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
7. affiliation, also known as association, sister society, affiliated with, affiliated to, associated with (wd:P1416 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): organization that a person or organization is affiliated with (not necessarily member of or employed by)
8. member category, also known as category for members (wd:P6365 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): category item for members of the organization
9. represented by, also known as agent, managed by, manager, managing agent, rep (wd:P1875 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): person or agency that represents or manages the subject
10. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time

[Assistant]
The property "member of" (wd:P463) seems to be the most relevant for indicating membership in a legislative body.

Now, let's search for Oskar Lafontaine again and see if we can find his membership in the Landtag of Saarland.

I will use the full name "Oskar Lafontaine" and check the results more thoroughly.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001)
2. Oscar I of Sweden, also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I (wd:Q52926): King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859, composer, monarch
3. Unsinkable Sam, also known as Oscar, Oskar (wd:Q893453): nickname of an alleged German ship's cat, ship's cat
4. Oskar Davičo, also known as Davičo, Oskar (wd:Q782418): Serbian writer (1909–1989), political commissar, journalist, writer, poet
5. Oskar, also known as Oskar (first name), Oskar (given name) (wd:Q18145769): male given name
6. Oskar (wd:Q12330497): 1962 film by Gabriel Axel
7. Lafontaine, also known as Lafontaine, KS, Lafontaine, Kansas (wd:Q16893891): human settlement in United States of America
8. Pierre Joseph Lafontaine, also known as M. Lafonteyne, M. La Fontaine, M. Lafontaine, M. De La Fontaine, Lafontene (wd:Q3385620): Belgian painter (1758-1835), art collector, painter
9. Lafontaine, also known as LaFontaine (wd:Q18043422): family name
10. LaFontaine (wd:Q3206243): provincial electoral district in Quebec, Canada

[Assistant]
It seems that the correct entity for Oskar Lafontaine is not appearing in the top 10 results. Let's try a more specific search by including his role as a politician.

I will search for "Oskar Lafontaine politician" again and check the results more thoroughly.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001)
2. politician, also known as pol, political leader, polit., political figure (wd:Q82955): person who holds or seeks positions in government
3. Oscar I of Sweden, also known as Oscar I, Oskar, Oskar I (wd:Q52926): King of Sweden and Norway between 1844-1859, composer, monarch
4. Unsinkable Sam, also known as Oscar, Oskar (wd:Q893453): nickname of an alleged German ship's cat, ship's cat
5. Oskar Davičo, also known as Davičo, Oskar (wd:Q782418): Serbian writer (1909–1989), political commissar, journalist, writer, poet
6. Oskar, also known as Oskar (first name), Oskar (given name) (wd:Q18145769): male given name
7. Oskar (wd:Q12330497): 1962 film by Gabriel Axel
8. Lafontaine, also known as Lafontaine, KS, Lafontaine, Kansas (wd:Q16893891): human settlement in United States of America
9. Pierre Joseph Lafontaine, also known as M. Lafonteyne, M. La Fontaine, M. Lafontaine, M. De La Fontaine, Lafontene (wd:Q3385620): Belgian painter (1758-1835), art collector, painter
10. Lafontaine, also known as LaFontaine (wd:Q18043422): family name

[Assistant]
It seems that the correct entity for Oskar Lafontaine is still not appearing in the top 10 results. Let's try a different approach by searching for "Oskar Lafontaine" and then manually checking the results for the correct entity.

I will list the triples for the entity "Oskar Lafontaine" to see if we can find the correct entity and the relevant information about his membership in the Landtag of Saarland.

[Tool]
Got 33 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                     | property                                                    | object                                     |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | assassination attempt (wd:Q88178910)       |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Germany (wd:Q183)                          |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Mülheim (wd:Q327896)                       |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(7.005083 50.959861) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | location (wdt:P276)                                         | Stadthalle Köln-Mülheim (wd:Q15994245)     |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | point in time (wdt:P585)                                    | 1990-04-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)        |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | number of deaths (wdt:P1120)                                | 0 (xsd:decimal)                            |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | armament (wdt:P520)                                         | knife (wd:Q32489)                          |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | number of injured (wdt:P1339)                               | 1 (xsd:decimal)                            |
| attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine (wd:Q124305001) | perpetrator (wdt:P8031)                                     | Adelheid Streidel (wd:Q124305040)          |
| ...                                                         | ...                                                         | ...                                        |

[Assistant]
The entity `wd:Q124305001` refers to the "attempted assassination of Oskar Lafontaine," not Oskar Lafontaine himself. Let's try a broader search for "Oskar Lafontaine" and manually check the results to find the correct entity.

I will list the triples for entities with "Oskar Lafontaine" in their label to see if we can find the correct entity.

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                         | property                    | object           |
| ----------------------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ---------------- |
| wd:Q110719                                      | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| wd:Q110719                                      | Commons gallery (wdt:P935)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-91d8130d-7855-4b05-8222-6bf051220285  | subject named as (pq:P1810) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-AD86B753-6341-4DA0-9D45-81D6E39C1DB7  | object named as (pq:P1932)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| wd:Q9060956                                     | Commons category (wdt:P373) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:q110719-A42D4188-EC83-4B1D-9C79-49424DE41CD4  | Commons category (ps:P373)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:q9060956-999D5728-2D4E-4538-8FBB-C77351FB6FAC | Commons category (ps:P373)  | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-E9746AA7-9676-416E-A9AC-72693DCD4694  | Commons gallery (ps:P935)   | Oskar Lafontaine |
| s:Q110719-975D338A-C831-4EA3-BD55-970AF2A35A4F  | subject named as (pq:P1810) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| ref:63df56d6cc56cfaae004915fd3df4e31aabf77fd    | subject named as (pr:P1810) | Oskar Lafontaine |
| ...                                             | ...                         | ...              |

[Assistant]
From the results, it looks like `wd:Q110719` is the entity for Oskar Lafontaine. Let's confirm this by listing the triples for this entity to see if it includes information about his membership in the Landtag of Saarland.

I will list the triples for `wd:Q110719` to verify the information.

[Tool]
Got 414 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject    | property                         | object                                                                             |
| ---------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q110719 | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                      |
| wd:Q110719 | catalog code (wdt:P528)          | 11002715                                                                           |
| wd:Q110719 | occupation (wdt:P106)            | politician (wd:Q82955)                                                             |
| wd:Q110719 | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                 |
| wd:Q110719 | given name (wdt:P735)            | Oskar (wd:Q18145769)                                                               |
| wd:Q110719 | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1943-09-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                |
| wd:Q110719 | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Oskar Lafontaine                                                                   |
| wd:Q110719 | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oskar%20Lafontaine%202024.jpg> |
| wd:Q110719 | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Germany (wd:Q183)                                                                  |
| wd:Q110719 | family name (wdt:P734)           | Lafontaine (wd:Q18043422)                                                          |
| ...        | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The entity `wd:Q110719` is indeed Oskar Lafontaine. Now, let's check if there are any statements about his membership in the Landtag of Saarland.

I will search for the property "member of" (wd:P463) and see if it links Oskar Lafontaine to the Landtag of Saarland (wd:Q260372).

Let's execute a SPARQL query to find out how many times Oskar Lafontaine was elected a member of the Landtag of Saarland.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 0 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query result shows that Oskar Lafontaine was not elected a member of the Landtag of Saarland according to the available data in Wikidata.

To provide a clear answer, I will use an ASK query to confirm this result.

Let's execute the ASK query to verify if Oskar Lafontaine was ever a member of the Landtag of Saarland.

[Tool] False

[Assistant]
The ASK query confirms that Oskar Lafontaine was never a member of the Landtag of Saarland according to the available data in Wikidata.

Therefore, the answer to the question "How many times was Oskar Lafontaine elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland?" is:

**0 times**

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
ASK WHERE { wd:Q110719 wdt:P463 ?membership . ?membership wdt:P361 wd:Q260372 }
```

Answer: **False**

So, Oskar Lafontaine was never elected a member of the Landtag of Saarland.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query is not correctly formulated to answer the question. The question asks for the number of times Oskar Lafontaine was elected to the Landtag of Saarland, but the current query is an ASK query which only checks for the existence of a membership relation. Instead, we need a SELECT query that counts the number of memberships or positions held by Oskar Lafontaine in the Landtag of Saarland.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Let's refine the SPARQL query to correctly count the number of times Oskar Lafontaine was elected to the Landtag of Saarland.

We need to use a SELECT query to count the number of distinct memberships or positions held by Oskar Lafontaine in the Landtag of Saarland.

Here is the revised SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?position) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  wd:Q110719 wdt:P39 ?position .
  ?position wdt:P361 wd:Q260372 .
}
```

This query will count the number of distinct positions Oskar Lafontaine held in the Landtag of Saarland.

Let's execute this query to get the correct answer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| count       |
| ----------- |
| 1 (xsd:int) |

[Assistant]
The query result shows that Oskar Lafontaine was elected to the Landtag of Saarland 1 time.

Therefore, the answer to the question "How many times was Oskar Lafontaine elected Member of the Landtag of Saarland?" is:

**1 time**

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT (COUNT(DISTINCT ?position) AS ?count)
WHERE {
  wd:Q110719 wdt:P39 ?position .
  ?position wdt:P361 wd:Q260372 .
}
```

Answer: **1 time**

Let's finalize this with the answer function.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and returns the expected result. It counts the distinct positions held by Oskar Lafontaine that are part of the Landtag of Saarland, which is indeed 1.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?event ?eventLabel ?time ?cause WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 wdt:P585 ?time .
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q55811 wdt:P828 ?cause
  }
  .
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q55811 rdfs:label ?eventLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?eventLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
  .
  BIND( wd:Q55811 AS ?event )
}

The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago. The primary cause of this extinction event is believed to be the Chicxulub impactor.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What happened to the dinosaurs ?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool] No examples found

[Assistant] Since we couldn't find any similar examples, let's start by searching for the entity "dinosaurs" in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. dinosaur, also known as dino, Dinosauria, dinosaurs (wd:Q430): clade of archosaurian reptiles (Archosauria)
2. Dinosaurs (wd:Q1211977): television program
3. Dinosaurs, also known as Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up... for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages (wd:Q5186590): book by Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
4. Dinosaurs (wd:Q18351859): 1987 novelette by Walter Jon Williams
5. Dinosaurs (wd:Q28419612): anthology of science fiction short works
6. Dinosaurs! (wd:Q28401115): 1990 anthology
7. Dinosaurs (wd:Q97359951): 2018 song by Australian musician Ruby Fields
8. Dinosaurs (wd:Q120970468): 2023 Indian Tamil-language action film by M. R. Madhavan
9. Dinosaurs (wd:Q58999596): scientific article published in Nature
10. Dinosaurs (wd:Q93927541): scholarly article authored by James Willis and published in British Journal of General Practice in 2007

[Assistant] The first result, "dinosaur" (wd:Q430), seems to be the most relevant. Now, let's look at the properties associated with this entity to see what kind of information we can find about what happened to the dinosaurs.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. temporal range end, also known as geologic time frame end, geologic time range end (wd:P524 as p): the end of a process such as a geological unit or extinction of a life form relative to the geologic time scale, end time
2. parent taxon, also known as higher taxon, taxon parent (wd:P171 as wdt/p): closest parent taxon of the taxon in question, subclass of
3. taxon name, also known as correct name (ICNafp), Latin name of a taxon (deprecated), scientific name of a taxon, taxonomic name, valid name (ICZN) (wd:P225 as wdt/p): correct scientific name of a taxon (according to the reference given)
4. taxon rank, also known as taxonomic rank, type of taxon, rank (wd:P105 as wdt/p): level in a taxonomic hierarchy, instance of
5. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as wdt/p): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
6. mode of reproduction, also known as mode of biological reproduction (wd:P13318 as wdt/p): ways for living organisms to propagate or produce their offsprings
7. this taxon is source of, also known as this taxon is the source of, this taxon is a source of, natural product, taxon is source of, secretes (wd:P1672 as wdt/p): links a taxon to natural products it produces. Note that it does...s may vary. Some products may be yielded by more than one taxon.
8. Paleobiology Database taxon ID, also known as PaleoBioDB ID, PaleoDB ID, PBDB ID (wd:P10907 as wdt/p): identifier for a fossil taxon in the Paleobiology Database
9. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as p): significant or notable events associated with the subject
10. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "temporal range end" (wd:P524) looks promising as it could indicate when the dinosaurs went extinct. Let's check the value of this property for the dinosaurs (wd:Q430).

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] It appears that the "temporal range end" property does not provide a direct answer for the dinosaurs. However, the property "significant event" (wd:P793) might give us more context. Let's explore this property further.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| event                   |
| ----------------------- |
| extinction (wd:Q123509) |

[Assistant] The significant event associated with dinosaurs is "extinction" (wd:Q123509). To provide more context, let's find out more about this extinction event.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| eventLabel      |
| --------------- |
| extinction (en) |

[Assistant] The significant event associated with dinosaurs is indeed "extinction." To provide a more detailed answer, let's find out when this extinction event occurred and any other relevant details.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It seems that the specific details about the time and cause of the extinction event are not directly linked to the "extinction" entity (wd:Q123509). Let's try to find the specific extinction event that affected the dinosaurs and then get more details about it.

We know that the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event is commonly associated with the extinction of the dinosaurs. Let's search for this event in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction, also known as end-Cretaceous mass extinction, KTME, K-T mass extinction event, K-T mass extinction, K-T extinction event (wd:Q55811): extinction event ending the Mesozoic Era
2. Timeline of Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event research (wd:Q28231431): research timeline
3. extinction event, also known as biotic crisis, ELE, extinction-level event, mass extinction (wd:Q55814): widespread and rapid decrease in the amount of life on earth
4. Extinction Event (wd:Q132797197): short story by Eliza Clark
5. Roveacrinids (Crinoidea, Echinod...aleogene (K-Pg) extinction event (wd:Q58082902): scholarly article
6. Permian-Triassic mass extinction, also known as Late Permian mass extinction events, Permian-Triassic extinction, Permian-Triassic extinction event, Permian-Triassic mass extinction event, P–T extinction (wd:Q141118): mass extinction event at the end of the Permian Period approximately 250 million years ago
7. Ordovician–Silurian extinction event, also known as Late Ordovician mass extinction, LOME, end-Ordovician mass extinction (wd:Q1065985): mass extinction event at the end of the Ordovician period and th...lurian period in the Paleozoic era, around 444 million years ago
8. Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction, also known as Tr-J mass extinction event, Tr-J mass extinction, Tr-J extinction event, Tr-J extinction, Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction event (wd:Q835034): mass extinction at the end of the Triassic
9. Quaternary extinction event, also known as Late Quaternary Extinctions, LQE, Pleistocene-Holocene extinction, QME, Quaternary Megafauna Extinction (wd:Q1759232): mass extinction event, around 10000 BCE, marking the end of the ...ized to be caused by human hunting and/or natural climate change
10. Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, also known as Grande Coupure (wd:Q1542955): mass extinction

[Assistant] The top result, "Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction" (wd:Q55811), is the most relevant. Let's now find out more details about this event, such as the time it occurred and the potential causes.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| time                                    | cause                            |
| --------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| -66000000-01-01T00:00:00 (xsd:dateTime) | Chicxulub impactor (wd:Q5096573) |

[Assistant]
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, occurred approximately 66 million years ago. The primary cause of this extinction event is believed to be the Chicxulub impactor (wd:Q5096573).

Now, let's formulate the final SPARQL query to answer the user's question.

### Final SPARQL Query
```sparql
SELECT ?event ?time ?cause WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 wdt:P585 ?time .
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 wdt:P828 ?cause }
}
```

### Answer
The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago. The primary cause of this extinction event is believed to be the Chicxulub impactor.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is almost correct, but it does not return the IRI of the event. Please modify the query to include the IRI of the event in the SELECT clause. Additionally, the label of the event should be fetched using an OPTIONAL clause.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Let's modify the SPARQL query to include the IRI of the event and fetch the label of the event using an OPTIONAL clause.

### Updated SPARQL Query
```sparql
SELECT ?event ?eventLabel ?time ?cause WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 wdt:P585 ?time .
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 wdt:P828 ?cause }
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 rdfs:label ?eventLabel FILTER(LANG(?eventLabel) = 'en') }
}
```

### Answer
The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago. The primary cause of this extinction event is believed to be the Chicxulub impactor.

Let's execute the updated query to ensure it returns the desired results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| event | eventLabel                                | time                                    | cause                            |
| ----- | ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
|       | Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (en) | -66000000-01-01T00:00:00 (xsd:dateTime) | Chicxulub impactor (wd:Q5096573) |

[Assistant]
It seems that the IRI of the event is missing in the result. Let's explicitly include the IRI of the event in the SELECT clause and ensure it is correctly returned.

### Updated SPARQL Query
```sparql
SELECT ?event ?eventLabel ?time ?cause WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 wdt:P585 ?time .
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 wdt:P828 ?cause }
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 rdfs:label ?eventLabel FILTER(LANG(?eventLabel) = 'en') }
  BIND(wd:Q55811 AS ?event)
}
```

### Answer
The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago. The primary cause of this extinction event is believed to be the Chicxulub impactor.

Let's execute the updated query to ensure it returns the desired results.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| event                                            | eventLabel                                | time                                    | cause                            |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (wd:Q55811) | Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction (en) | -66000000-01-01T00:00:00 (xsd:dateTime) | Chicxulub impactor (wd:Q5096573) |

[Assistant]
The updated SPARQL query now correctly returns the IRI of the event along with the label, time, and cause. Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

### Final SPARQL Query
```sparql
SELECT ?event ?eventLabel ?time ?cause WHERE {
  wd:Q55811 wdt:P585 ?time .
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 wdt:P828 ?cause }
  OPTIONAL { wd:Q55811 rdfs:label ?eventLabel FILTER(LANG(?eventLabel) = 'en') }
  BIND(wd:Q55811 AS ?event)
}
```

### Answer
The dinosaurs went extinct due to the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event, which occurred approximately 66 million years ago. The primary cause of this extinction event is believed to be the Chicxulub impactor.

Let's finalize the answer with the updated query and result.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is well-formed and returns the correct information. It provides the event, its label, the time, and the cause of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction, which aligns with the user's question. No further refinements are necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?band ?formationDate WHERE {
  VALUES ?band {
    wd:Q15862 wd:Q2306
  }
  ?band wdt:P571 ?formationDate .
}

Pink Floyd was formed earlier than Queen.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] which band is created earlier, queen or pink floyd?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
What was the first Queen album?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
  ?uri wdt:P175 wd:Q15862 .
  ?uri wdt:P577 ?date
}
ORDER BY ?date
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
Queen (wd:Q15862): British musical group; rock band
album, also known as full album, record album, music album, full-length album, audio album (wd:Q482994): grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at the ...racks but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)

Using properties:
performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time

Example 2:
Question:
Who are the writers of the Wall album of Pink Floyd?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q151114 wdt:P658 ?track .
  ?track wdt:P162 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
The Wall (wd:Q151114): double studio album by British band Pink Floyd

Using properties:
producer, also known as music producer, record producer, produced by, film producer, creative producer (wd:P162 as wdt): person(s) who produced the film, musical work, theatrical produc...etc.) [for production company, use P272, video games - use P178]
tracklist, also known as tracks, track listing, track list, songs, list of tracks (wd:P658 as wdt): audio tracks contained in this release, has part(s)

[Assistant] From the examples, we can see that we need to find the formation dates of the bands Queen and Pink Floyd. Let's search for these bands in the knowledge graph.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Phoolan Devi, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q465026): Indian bandit, politician (1963-2001), politician, brigand
2. Bandit Queen (wd:Q2762808): 1994 film by Shekhar Kapur
3. The Bandit Queen, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q7715524): 1950 film by William A. Berke
4. Bandit Queen (wd:Q4854625): British indie rock band
5. AB Queen (Band), also known as AB Queen, Jony boom, April yeo (wd:Q13026020)
6. Bandit, also known as Bandit Janthawan, Bandit (drag queen) (wd:Q124021547): costume designer, personal stylist, Thai drag queen, drag queen
7. Queen's Bands (wd:Q112135852): marching band of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario
8. Queen Alexandra Bandstand (wd:Q56194872): heritage-listed bandstand in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
9. Bandit Queen E.P. (wd:Q4854627): 1996 extended play by Muslimgauze
10. Għaqda Karmelitana, Banda ‘Queen Victoria’, also known as Banda ‘Queen Victoria’ (wd:Q126924438): Band in Żurrieq, Malta

[Assistant] It seems like the search for "Queen band" did not return the correct entity. Let's try searching for "Pink Floyd" first and then come back to "Queen".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pink Floyd, also known as The Pink Floyd, The Pink Floyd Sound (wd:Q2306): English rock band
2. Pink Floyd, also known as Floyd Pinkerton (wd:Q3653015): character
3. Pink Floyd (wd:Q3388741): book by François Ducray
4. Rosa 'Pink Floyd', also known as Pink Floyd (wd:Q83670291): rose cultivar
5. Pink Floyd (wd:Q62068103): chapter, in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame’s eleventh annual induction dinner programme
6. Why Pink Floyd...? (wd:Q3512037): marketing campaign
7. Pink Floyd pigs, also known as Algie (wd:Q2269820): Staple prop used by English progressive/psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd during live shows
8. WikiProject Pink Floyd (wd:Q13341445): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration
9. Brain Damage, also known as Tributo Pink Floyd (wd:Q2923592): French rock band
10. Pink Floyd Revisited (wd:Q2309415): live album by Mostly Autumn

[Assistant] The correct entity for Pink Floyd is `wd:Q2306`. Now let's search for the correct entity for Queen.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Phoolan Devi, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q465026): Indian bandit, politician (1963-2001), politician, brigand
2. Bandit Queen (wd:Q2762808): 1994 film by Shekhar Kapur
3. The Bandit Queen, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q7715524): 1950 film by William A. Berke
4. Bandit Queen (wd:Q4854625): British indie rock band
5. AB Queen (Band), also known as AB Queen, Jony boom, April yeo (wd:Q13026020)
6. Bandit, also known as Bandit Janthawan, Bandit (drag queen) (wd:Q124021547): costume designer, personal stylist, Thai drag queen, drag queen
7. Queen's Bands (wd:Q112135852): marching band of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario
8. Queen Alexandra Bandstand (wd:Q56194872): heritage-listed bandstand in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
9. Bandit Queen E.P. (wd:Q4854627): 1996 extended play by Muslimgauze
10. Għaqda Karmelitana, Banda ‘Queen Victoria’, also known as Banda ‘Queen Victoria’ (wd:Q126924438): Band in Żurrieq, Malta

[Assistant] It appears that the search for "Queen band" is still not returning the correct entity. Let's try a more specific search term, such as "Queen rock band".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. rock band, also known as rock music band, rock group, rock music group (wd:Q5741069): musical group playing rock music
2. Rock Band (wd:Q1195153): 2007 video game
3. Rock Band (wd:Q2323659): series of music video games
4. Rock Band (wd:Q7354280): 2009 video game
5. Band Rock (wd:Q49010609): mountain in Pennsylvania, United States of America
6. The Rock Queen, also known as Rock Queen (wd:Q56034514): documentary film
7. Rock Band, also known as xkcd 359 (wd:Q18613846): 359th strip of the webcomic xkcd
8. Rock Band (wd:Q131115226): scientific article published on 25 September 2009
9. Genesis, also known as Genesis Rock Band (wd:Q151012): English rock band
10. Phoolan Devi, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q465026): Indian bandit, politician (1963-2001), politician, brigand

[Assistant] The search for "Queen rock band" did not return the correct entity either. Let's try another approach by searching for "Queen (band)" directly.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Phoolan Devi, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q465026): Indian bandit, politician (1963-2001), politician, brigand
2. Bandit Queen (wd:Q2762808): 1994 film by Shekhar Kapur
3. The Bandit Queen, also known as Bandit Queen (wd:Q7715524): 1950 film by William A. Berke
4. Bandit Queen (wd:Q4854625): British indie rock band
5. AB Queen (Band), also known as AB Queen, Jony boom, April yeo (wd:Q13026020)
6. Bandit, also known as Bandit Janthawan, Bandit (drag queen) (wd:Q124021547): costume designer, personal stylist, Thai drag queen, drag queen
7. Queen's Bands (wd:Q112135852): marching band of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario
8. Queen Alexandra Bandstand (wd:Q56194872): heritage-listed bandstand in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
9. Bandit Queen E.P. (wd:Q4854627): 1996 extended play by Muslimgauze
10. Għaqda Karmelitana, Banda ‘Queen Victoria’, also known as Banda ‘Queen Victoria’ (wd:Q126924438): Band in Żurrieq, Malta

[Assistant]
It seems that the search for "Queen (band)" is also not returning the correct entity. Let's manually specify the correct entity for Queen, which is `wd:Q15862`.

Now we have:
- Pink Floyd: `wd:Q2306`
- Queen: `wd:Q15862`

Next, we need to find the formation dates of these bands. We will search for the property related to the formation date.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. location of formation, also known as place of incorporation, originates from, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): location where a group or organization was formed, location of creation
3. military branch, also known as unit branch, service branch, formation, branch (wd:P241 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): branch to which this military unit, award, office, or person belongs, e.g. Royal Navy, part of
4. date of incorporation, also known as date incorporated, incorporated, incorporated on date, incorporation date, year incorporated (wd:P10786 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): date when company, organization or city was incorporated
5. made from material, also known as material used, manufactured out of, manufactured from, made of material, made of (wd:P186 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): material the subject or the object is made of or derived from (do not confuse with P10672 which is used for processes), uses
6. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
7. introduced on, also known as bill introduced on, introduction date, introduced date (wd:P9448 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): date when a bill was introduced into a legislature, inception
8. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
9. date depicted, also known as depicted date, temporal coverage, shown as at date, depicts date, depicted time (wd:P2913 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): date represented in a work (for narrative works use P2408)
10. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time

[Assistant] The property `inception` (P571) seems to be the most appropriate for finding the formation date of a band. Let's construct a SPARQL query to get the formation dates of both Queen and Pink Floyd.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| band                  | formationDate                       |
| --------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Queen (wd:Q15862)     | 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Pink Floyd (wd:Q2306) | 1964-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
Based on the results, Pink Floyd was formed earlier than Queen. Pink Floyd was formed on January 1, 1964, while Queen was formed on January 1, 1970.

Here is the final SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?band ?formationDate WHERE {
  VALUES ?band { wd:Q15862 wd:Q2306 }
  ?band wdt:P571 ?formationDate .
}
```

Answer: Pink Floyd was formed earlier than Queen.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and returns the expected results. It retrieves the formation dates of both bands and correctly identifies that Pink Floyd was formed earlier than Queen. The answer provided is accurate based on the data from Wikidata.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?coordinate WHERE {
  wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
}

POINT(114.054000 22.535000)

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the coordinate location of Shenzhen ?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
In which city is the headquarter of Air China?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q51747 wdt:P159 ?uri
}

Using entities:
Air China, also known as CCA, Air China Limited, CA (wd:Q51747): flag carrier of the People's Republic of China

Using properties:
headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as wdt): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place

[Assistant] None of the examples directly provide a query for finding the coordinates of a city, but we can infer that we need to look for the property that represents geographic coordinates. Let's search for the entity "Shenzhen" first.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Shenzhen, also known as Sham Chun (wd:Q15174): Sub-provincial division in China
2. Shenzhen (wd:Q2278115): graphic novel by the Canadian Québécois author Guy Delisle
3. Zhao Shenzhen, also known as Zunlu, Zhulou, Yuchao, Shengkanyanshi, Wenke (wd:Q15929422): Qing dynasty politician, politician
4. Shenzhen (wd:Q132803992): journal article from 'Cities' published in 2003
5. Shenzhen (wd:Q58926455): scientific article published in Nature
6. Shenzhen (wd:L453047-F1)
7. Shenzhen (wd:L453047)
8. Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, also known as Shenzhen-Bao'an, SZX, ZGSZ (wd:Q842297): international airport in Shenzhen, China
9. Shenzhen Metro (wd:Q867680): rapid transit network in Shenzhen, China
10. Shenzhen Airlines, also known as Shenzhen Air (wd:Q974899): airline headquartered in Bao'an, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China and based in Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport

[Assistant] The correct entity for Shenzhen is `wd:Q15174`. Now, let's search for the property that represents geographic coordinates.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. this zoological name is coordinate with, also known as coordinate name (wd:P2743 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): links coordinate zoological names, different from
3. coordinates of depicted place, also known as depicted item geolocation, geolocation of object, object geolocation (wd:P9149 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): coordinates of the place depicted in the work (or Commons image)
4. coordinates of geographic center, also known as coordinates of geographic centre, geographic centre, geographic center, geographical midpoint, geographical centre (wd:P5140 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): coordinates of the center of an area. Use qualifier "determination method" (P459) to indicate how, coordinate location
5. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
6. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
7. spatial reference system, also known as coordinate reference system, CRS, SRS (wd:P3037 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): frame of reference used to produce a map
8. coordinates of the point of view, also known as camera location, camera coordinates, viewpoint coordinates, coordinates of point of view, coordinates of pov (wd:P1259 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): point from which the scene depicted by the element is seen (element can be a photo, a painting, etc.)
9. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): person or organization occupying property, used by
10. named place on map, also known as name on map, place on map (wd:P9664 as pr/wdtn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/psn/prv/ps/psv/prn/pqn): property linking a map to a place named on it

[Assistant]
The correct property for geographic coordinates is `wd:P625`. Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to get the coordinates of Shenzhen.

```sparql
SELECT ?coordinate WHERE {
  wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
}
```

Let's execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| coordinate                                   |
| -------------------------------------------- |
| POINT(114.054000 22.535000) (geo:wktLiteral) |

[Assistant]
The coordinate location of Shenzhen is `POINT(114.054000 22.535000)`.

Here is the final SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?coordinate WHERE {
  wd:Q15174 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
}
```

And the answer is `POINT(114.054000 22.535000)`.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The output is correct and complete. The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the coordinate location of Shenzhen from the Wikidata knowledge graph.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ( AVG( ?spouseCount ) AS ?averageSpouses ) WHERE {
  SELECT ?headOfState ( COUNT( ?spouse ) AS ?spouseCount ) WHERE {
    ?headOfState wdt:P39 wd:Q48352 .
    ?headOfState wdt:P26 ?spouse
  }
  GROUP BY ?headOfState
}

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| averageSpouses    |
| ----------------- |
| 1.6 (xsd:decimal) |

The average number of spouses for heads of state is 1.6.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many spouses do head of states have on average?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
How often did Jane Fonda marry?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) as ?c ) WHERE {
  wd:Q41142 wdt:P26 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Jane Fonda, also known as Jane Seymour Fonda, Jayne Seymour Fonda, Hanoi Jane (wd:Q41142): American actress and activist, television actor, autobiographer, film producer, voice actor, stage actor, film actor, writer, model, actor

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

Example 2:
Question:
How many emperors did China have?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) as ?count ) WHERE {
  ?uri wdt:P39 wd:Q268218
}

Using entities:
Emperor of China, also known as Huang-ti, Huang Ti, Son of Heaven, thearch, Ti (wd:Q268218): sovereign of Imperial China

Using properties:
position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

Example 3:
Question:
How many children did Benjamin Franklin have?

SPARQL:
SELECT ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?uri ) as ?c ) WHERE {
  wd:Q34969 wdt:P40 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
Benjamin Franklin, also known as The First American, Silence Dogood, Poor Richard, Ben Franklin, Franklin (wd:Q34969): American polymath and statesman (1706–1790), politician, polymath, diplomat, writer

Using properties:
child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative

[Assistant] From the examples, we can see that the property `spouse` (wdt:P26) is used to represent the relationship between a person and their spouse. We need to identify the entity for "head of state" and then count the number of spouses for each head of state. Let's first search for the entity representing "head of state".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. head of state (wd:Q48352): official who holds the highest-ranked executive position in a sovereign state
2. Head of State (wd:Q1592282): 2003 American comedy film by Chris Rock
3. Head of State (wd:Q65225964): 2016 Armenian film
4. Başkan, also known as chairman, head of state, mayor, president (wd:Q60982271): Elected administrative position
5. Head of state (wd:Q116754472): scientific article published on 7 May 2002
6. Head of State (wd:Q114498865): episode of The Wayans Bros. (S2 E8)
7. Head of State (wd:Q74408294): episode of the 2003–2009 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated television series
8. head of state (wd:L383741-S1)
9. head of state, also known as leader, state headed by, queen, president, monarch (wd:P35): official with the highest formal authority in a country/state
10. office held by head of state, also known as head of state, position held by head of state, state headed by (wd:P1906): political office that is fulfilled by the head of state of this item

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "head of state" is `wd:Q48352`. Now, let's find out the property that indicates whether someone holds the position of head of state. We can use the property `position held` (wdt:P39) and filter it with the value `wd:Q48352`.

Next, we will write a SPARQL query to list all the heads of state and their spouses.

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 2 columns:
| headOfState                                        | spouse                                                                          |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Etazeta of Bithynia (wd:Q1289132)                  | Nicomedes I of Bithynia (wd:Q343604)                                            |
| Jean-François Rewbell (wd:Q1685535)                | Marie-Anne Reubell (wd:Q111008792)                                              |
| Bảo Đại (wd:Q223771)                               | Bùi Mộng Điệp (wd:Q11839572)                                                    |
| Bảo Đại (wd:Q223771)                               | Lê Thị Phi Ánh (wd:Q18459489)                                                   |
| Bảo Đại (wd:Q223771)                               | Nam Phuong (wd:Q3844447)                                                        |
| Bảo Đại (wd:Q223771)                               | Monique Vinh Thuy (wd:Q6583916)                                                 |
| John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin (wd:Q648201) | Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüt...argravine of Brandenburg-Küstrin (wd:Q86766) |
| Vijaya (wd:Q888673)                                | Kuveni (wd:Q6448788)                                                            |

[Assistant]
The query returned a list of heads of state and their spouses. However, we need to calculate the average number of spouses for heads of state. To do this, we will group the results by the head of state and count the number of spouses for each. Then, we will compute the average.

Let's modify the query to achieve this.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| averageSpouses    |
| ----------------- |
| 1.6 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant]
The average number of spouses for heads of state is 1.6.

Here is the final SPARQL query and the answer:

```sparql
SELECT (AVG(?spouseCount) AS ?averageSpouses) WHERE {
  SELECT ?headOfState (COUNT(?spouse) AS ?spouseCount) WHERE {
    ?headOfState wdt:P39 wd:Q48352 .
    ?headOfState wdt:P26 ?spouse
  }
  GROUP BY ?headOfState
}
```

The average number of spouses for heads of state is 1.6.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is well-formed and correctly calculates the average number of spouses for heads of state. The result is accurate and matches the provided answer.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?animal WHERE {
  wd:Q599644 wdt:P156 ?animal
}

Tiger

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the Chinese zodiac animal that follows the ox?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
Which species does an elephant belong?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?uri WHERE {
  wd:Q7378 wdt:P279 ?uri .
}

Using entities:
elephant (wd:Q7378): large terrestrial mammals with trunks from Africa and Asia

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain

[Assistant] None of the examples directly relate to the Chinese zodiac, but we can see how to structure a query to find relationships between entities. Let's first identify the entity for the Chinese zodiac and the ox.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Chinese zodiac, also known as Celestial Branches, Earthly Branches (wd:Q1976204): lunar calendar classification, assigning a symbolic animal and i... year for a repeating cycle of twelve forming the Earthly Branch
2. Chinese Zodiac, also known as CZ12 (wd:Q391143): 2012 film directed by Jackie Chan
3. 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs (wd:Q108781655): 1995 animated series
4. Panel with Chinese Zodiac (wd:Q78712547): painting by anonymous painter
5. goat (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L1116276-S2)
6. horse (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L1116275-S2)
7. dragon (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L1116273-S2)
8. dog (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L293489-S2)
9. Dog (Chinese zodiac sign) (wd:L363339-S2)
10. rabbit (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L1116272-S2)

[Assistant] The top result, `wd:Q1976204`, seems to be the correct entity for the Chinese zodiac. Now let's find the entity for the ox in the context of the Chinese zodiac.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. ox (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L1116270-S2)
2. Chinese zodiac, also known as Celestial Branches, Earthly Branches (wd:Q1976204): lunar calendar classification, assigning a symbolic animal and i... year for a repeating cycle of twelve forming the Earthly Branch
3. Ox, also known as Ox (zodiac) (wd:Q599644): 2nd sign of Chinese zodiac
4. Chinese Zodiac, also known as CZ12 (wd:Q391143): 2012 film directed by Jackie Chan
5. 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs (wd:Q108781655): 1995 animated series
6. Ox in Chinese mythology (wd:Q16242069)
7. Panel with Chinese Zodiac (wd:Q78712547): painting by anonymous painter
8. Zodiac Aerospace (United Kingdom), also known as Zodiac Oxygen Systems, Icore International Ltd (wd:Q28971327): UK business
9. Zodiac Aerospace (United States), also known as Zodiac Oxygen Systems (wd:Q28971326)
10. goat (Chinese zodiac animal) (wd:L1116276-S2)

[Assistant] The entity `wd:Q599644` appears to be the correct one for the ox in the Chinese zodiac. Now, we need to find the property that links the Chinese zodiac animals in sequence. We can search for properties related to "sequence" or "follows" for the ox entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. followed by, also known as continued as, then, successor, succeeded by, sequel is (wd:P156 as wdt/p): immediately following item in a series of which the subject is a...een replaced, e.g. political offices, use "replaced by" (P1366)]
2. follows, also known as prev, successor to, succeeds to, succeeds, split from (wd:P155 as wdt/p): immediately prior item in a series of which the subject is a par... preceding item, e.g. political offices, use "replaces" (P1365)]
3. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as wdt/p): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. opposite of, also known as is the opposite of, opposite to, opposite, is opposite of, inverse (wd:P461 as wdt/p): item that is in some way the opposite of this item
7. has use, also known as utility, used in, used for, used as, use (wd:P366 as wdt/p): main use of the subject (includes current and former usage)

No other items found

[Assistant] The property `wdt:P156` (followed by) seems to be the correct one to find the animal that follows the ox in the Chinese zodiac. Let's construct a SPARQL query to find the animal that follows the ox.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| animal             |
| ------------------ |
| Tiger (wd:Q740762) |

[Assistant] The Chinese zodiac animal that follows the ox is the tiger.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The output is correct and complete. The SPARQL query correctly identifies the Chinese zodiac animal that follows the ox, which is the tiger. The query uses the appropriate entity and property to find the successor in the zodiac sequence.