PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?date WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album wdt:P577 ?date
  }
  .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?albumLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
- Jay Chou (wd:Q238819), also known as Chou Chieh-lun, President Chou, Zhou Jielun: has occupation actor / has occupation songwriter / has occupation recording artist / has occupation composer / has occupation overseer / has occupation director / has occupation singer / has occupation film director / has occupation rapper / has occupation record producer / is instance of human / Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor
- album (wd:Q482994), also known as audio album, full album, full-length album, music album, record album: is instance of music release type / is subclass of release group / collection of recorded music, words, sounds / grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at ... but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)

Using properties:
- performer (wd:P175 as wdt), also known as actor, actress, artist, dancer, musical artist, etc.: is subproperty of contributor to the creative work or subject / actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work / actor, musician, music group or other performer associated with this work
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... instance of mountain; volcanoes form a subclass of mountains / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... is an instance of mountain; volcano is a subclass of mountain
- publication date (wd:P577 as wdt), also known as air date, airdate, be published during, be published in, broadcast date, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time when a work or product was first published or released

Answer: The first album of Jay Chou is 'Jay', released on November 6, 2000.

The first album of Jay Chou is 'Jay', released on November 6, 2000.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?date WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
  ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album wdt:P577 ?date
  }
  .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?albumLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
- Jay Chou (wd:Q238819), also known as Chou Chieh-lun, President Chou, Zhou Jielun: has occupation actor / has occupation songwriter / has occupation recording artist / has occupation composer / has occupation overseer / has occupation director / has occupation singer / has occupation film director / has occupation rapper / has occupation record producer / is instance of human / Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor
- album (wd:Q482994), also known as audio album, full album, full-length album, music album, record album: is instance of music release type / is subclass of release group / collection of recorded music, words, sounds / grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at ... but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)

Using properties:
- performer (wd:P175 as wdt), also known as actor, actress, artist, dancer, musical artist, etc.: is subproperty of contributor to the creative work or subject / actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work / actor, musician, music group or other performer associated with this work
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... instance of mountain; volcanoes form a subclass of mountains / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... is an instance of mountain; volcano is a subclass of mountain
- publication date (wd:P577 as wdt), also known as air date, airdate, be published during, be published in, broadcast date, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time when a work or product was first published or released

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| album            | albumLabel    | date                                |
| ---------------- | ------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Jay (wd:Q221115) | Jay (lang:en) | 2000-11-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at https://qlever.dev/api/wikidata with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)='en'). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items. For 'main business' prefer more specific occupation items (e.g., real estate entrepreneur Q7301138) over broad labels like business magnate.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for direct values; for time-series use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and references (pr:P854) to detect scope. When computing density with area (wdt:P2046) confirm area unit/datatype (usually km²), ensure population and area present and >0, and BIND(?population/?area AS ?density).
  - Spouse nationality: do not rely only on P27. Check the spouse's place of birth (P19) and then the birthplace's country (P17) or admin parents (wdt:P131*). Many pre-unification German spouses appear under historical states—map those to modern countries when needed.
  - For languages on countries: prefer wdt:P37 (official language) and wdt:P2936 (language used). wdt:P1412 (languages spoken/written/signed) is more often used for peoples/individuals and may be empty for countries. Try P37 and P2936 first, then fall back to P1412/P407. Fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?l)='en').
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Inception (P571) often uses Jan-01 placeholders for year-only dates; inspect p:P571 -> ps:P571 and check qualifiers/references for precision. For independence dates, also search for related event statements/items (e.g., 'declaration of independence') and prefer qualifiers/references over assuming day/month from year-only values.
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series: use p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . To get the most recent value prefer a subquery to compute MAX(?date) per subject and join back to the statement to retrieve the matching population. Avoid HAVING(MAX(?date)=?date) — QLever can error. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope (city-proper vs metro).
  - wdt:P131* can be expensive and may be incomplete. First try direct wdt:P131 for immediate administrative parent(s). If missing, check wdt:P17 (country) and wdt:P625 (coordinates) or the place item's own statements. Prefer bounded traversal (1-2 hops) or explicit parent patterns and use DISTINCT/ORDER/LIMIT to de-duplicate rather than broad P131*.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find candidate properties but always verify the property's semantics (domain/range) and whether it links to the office, office-holder, or related entity. Test with a small query before relying on results. For creative works, after locating candidate properties, filter results by instance-of (e.g., films wd:Q11424; board games wd:Q131436) to avoid non-work items.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties. Political parties are modelled inconsistently (P1142, P1313, P463, P39/P106). Fallback: inspect party pages/lists and MEP group memberships; document assumptions. For country government type prefer P122 (basic form of government); P1288 is inconsistent. To exclude historical states filter NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?d }.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.
  - Place of burial (P119): use wdt:P119 to get the direct burial place. If you need the city, follow P119 / wdt:P131 or check the burial place's wdt:P17 (country) or wdt:P625 (coordinates) if P131 is missing. Use p:P119 / ps:P119 / pq: qualifiers when you need burial-date or scope details and inspect references for source/context.
  - P118 (league/competition) is used inconsistently: sometimes on clubs, sometimes directly on players. When finding clubs use ?club wdt:P118 wd:Q... and verify ?club wdt:P31 wd:Q483394. If P118 returns players, filter by ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to detect humans and avoid false positives. To get current players prefer club→p:P54 statements: ?player p:P54 ?stmt; ?stmt ps:P54 ?club. OPTIONAL{ ?stmt pq:P582 ?end } FILTER(!BOUND(?end)). Verify qualifiers/references and DOBs for plausibility.
  - Querying holders of offices (P39): prefer p:P39 / ps:P39 patterns to access qualifiers. To find current holder use: ?person p:P39 ?stmt. ?stmt ps:P39 wd:Q... . OPTIONAL{ ?stmt pq:P582 ?end } FILTER(!BOUND(?end)). Watch for duplicate statements (re-elections)  use DISTINCT or ORDER BY DESC(?start) LIMIT 1 on pq:P580. Avoid HAVING(MAX(...)=...) on QLever; prefer subqueries with ORDER/LIMIT.
  - Headquarters: use wdt:P159 for org HQs. If P159 gives a building follow that building's wdt:P131* (bounded hops). If P159 points to a place, verify its wdt:P31. Don't rely only on P17 for org-country—also check P159 and P276. Use UNION/nested patterns to cover ?org wdt:P17 wd:Q... OR ?org wdt:P159|wdt:P276 ?place . ?place wdt:P17 wd:Q... or ?place wdt:P131* wd:Q...

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)='en') for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. If a query using SERVICE fails (e.g., HTTP 301 redirect), switch to rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) and/or schema:name. Language items (e.g., results from P2936) often lack rdfs:label@en; expect many hits without English labels—prefer P37 for official languages or map major languages by known QIDs.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct values; p:Pxxx/ps:Pxxx/pq:Pxxx for qualifiers. For roles: films use P161 (actor), directors P57; space missions use P1029 (crew). Query reverse and filter by instance-of film (wd:Q11424) or human (wd:Q5). For 'city' classification prefer ?x wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q515; use wdt:P2046 for area but check units/duplicates.
- When selecting latest qualifier-dated values (e.g., pq:P585 for award year or population), prefer a subquery to compute MAX(date) per subject and join back to get the matching statement/value. Avoid HAVING(MAX(?date)=?date) patterns on QLever (can cause engine errors). Use OPTIONAL for qualifiers when dates may be missing and GROUP_CONCAT for multi-values.
- Use search_entity to resolve names and verify instance-of (e.g., wdt:P31=wd:Q5). Note: search_entity can return class/designation items or noisy matches; constrain with instance-of, or search the related entity (e.g., country) and query its members. Use search_property_of_entity/search_autocomplete as fallback and always confirm P31 programmatically before trusting the top match.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- QLever endpoints do not support SERVICE wikibase:label — use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...))='en'. Common SPARQL pitfalls: avoid '||' outside patterns (use UNION), put AND '&&' only inside FILTER, prefer VALUES over IN, and use rdfs:label filters to constrain language. When testing existence prefer FILTER EXISTS { ... } or OPTIONAL { ?s wdt:Pxx ?v . FILTER(?v = wd:Q...) } — writing OPTIONAL { ?s wdt:Pxx wd:Q... } creates no ?v for BOUND(?v). When execute() fails, simplify the query and test with list(...).
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers. Also verify ambiguous item QIDs (e.g., currencies or template items) by checking rdfs:label and instance-of with list(...) before use.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en"). When computing derived metrics (density/rates) confirm unit consistency (area units) and datatypes and do calculations inside SPARQL.
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19; 'cause of death' -> P509; 'manner of death' -> P1196). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] The first album of Jay Chou

[Assistant]
To find the first album of Jay Chou, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for Jay Chou in Wikidata.
2. Find the property that links Jay Chou to his albums.
3. Determine the earliest (first) album by ordering by release date or inception date.
4. Return the album title.

Let me start by searching for Jay Chou in Wikidata.

Question: Jay Chou

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Chou (wd:Q238819), also known as Chou Chieh-lun, President Chou, Zhou Jielun: Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor / has occupation recording artist / has occupation record producer / has occupation film director / has occupation songwriter / has occupation overseer / has occupation director / has occupation composer / has occupation rapper / has occupation singer / has occupation actor / is instance of human
2. Jayadratha Choudhury (wd:Q107562664): Indian Odia-language writer / has occupation writer / is instance of human
3. Jayanta Choudhury (wd:Q102339960): Ph.D. University of Louisiana at Lafayette 2008 / is instance of human
4. Jaya Choudhary (wd:Q88317282): has occupation researcher / is instance of human / researcher
5. Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331): 2016 studio album by Jay Chou / is instance of album / album by Jay Chou / album by Jay Chou
6. Jayanta Narayan Choudhury (wd:Q110437452), also known as Jayanto Narayan Choudhury: Indian police officer / is instance of human
7. Choudhury Jayprakash Das (wd:Q60511536), also known as Caudhurī Jaẏaprakāśa Dāsa, Choudhury Jayaprakash Das: has occupation film actor / Indian actor and academic / has occupation teacher / has occupation actor / is instance of human
8. chǒu (丑) (wd:Q16539206), also known as chou shi, hour of the ox: second (chǒu) of the 12 Earthly Branches, also associated to ... the 12 traditional Chinese daily hours (from 01:00 to 02:59) / is instance of Earthly Branches
9. Irene Chou (wd:Q6068966, matched via Chou Lu-yün Chou), also known as Chou Lu-yün, Chou Lu-yün Chou, Lüyun, Lü-yün, Lü-yün Chou, etc.: Chinese painter (1924-2011) / has occupation journalist / has occupation painter / is instance of human / Chinese painter / Chinese painter
10. Super Psychic Policeman Chojo (wd:Q124474801, matched via Choujun! Choujou-senpai), also known as Chōjun! Chōjō-senpai, Choujun! Choujou-senpai: is instance of manga series / Japanese manga series

[Assistant]
I found the correct entity for Jay Chou: wd:Q238819. Now I need to find the property that links Jay Chou to his albums. I'll search for properties related to "album" or "work" for Jay Chou.

Question: album

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt, matched via genres), also known as artistic genre, art style, film genre, genre of literature, genre of music, etc.: creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic / genre of a creative work or genre in which an artist works
2. AllMusic artist ID (wd:P1728 as p/wdt, matched via AllMusic), also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist, P1728: identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists") / identifier for an artist in AllMusic database
3. discography (wd:P358 as p/wdt), also known as discography link, recording catalog, P358: item for list pages with discography of artist or band / is subproperty of list of works
4. instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt, matched via plays), also known as instrument played, instrument(s), instruments, instrument taught, musical instrument, etc.: musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation / is subproperty of uses
5. record label (wd:P264 as p/wdt), also known as label, labels, P264: brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos / brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
6. IMVDb artist ID (wd:P6960 as p/wdt, matched via Internet Music Video Database artist ID), also known as IMVDb ID, Internet Music Video Database artist ID, P6960: artist identifier for the IMVDb music video database / identifier for the IMVDb music video database / identifier for the IMVDb music video database
7. Apple Music artist ID (U.S. version) (wd:P2850 as p/wdt, matched via music.apple.com/artist/), also known as Apple author ID, Apple Books author ID, Apple Music artist ID (American version), https://music.apple.com/artist/, iTunes artist ID (American version), etc.: identifier for a musical artist or author in the American version of Apple Music / identifier for a musical artist or author in the American version of Apple Music / identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music / identifier for a musical artist or author in the U.S. version of Apple Music
8. image (wd:P18 as p/wdt, matched via photo), also known as camera picture, Commons image, drawing, File:, graph, etc.: image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... only images which exist on Wikimedia Commons are acceptable / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image) / image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, ... map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. AZLyrics.com artist ID (wd:P7194 as p/wdt, matched via AZLyrics artist ID), also known as AZLyrics artist ID, P7194: identifier for an artist on AZLyrics.com site / identifier for an artist on AZLyrics.com site / identifier for an artist on AZLyrics.com site
10. Acharts.co artist ID (wd:P7109 as p/wdt, matched via ɑCharts artist ID), also known as Acharts artist ID, Acharts.co artist identifier, ɑCharts artist ID, P7109: identifier for a musical artist on Acharts.co / identifier for a musical artist on Acharts.co / identifier for a musical artist on Acharts.co

No other items found

[Assistant]
I found the property `wdt:P358` (discography) which links Jay Chou to his discography. However, this property likely points to a list page rather than individual albums. I need to find the actual albums and their release dates.

I'll search for works (albums) created by Jay Chou by looking for items that are instances of album (wd:Q11424) and have Jay Chou as the creator or artist. I'll use the property `wdt:P175` (performer) or `wdt:P50` (author) to link albums to Jay Chou.

Let me search for albums associated with Jay Chou.

Question: Jay Chou

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Chou (wd:Q238819), also known as Chou Chieh-lun, President Chou, Zhou Jielun: Taiwanese pop singer, songwriter, and actor / has occupation recording artist / has occupation record producer / has occupation film director / has occupation songwriter / has occupation composer / has occupation director / has occupation overseer / has occupation singer / has occupation rapper / has occupation actor / is instance of human
2. Jay-Z (wd:Q62766, matched via Jay), also known as Hov, Hova, Jay, Jayhova, Jay Z, etc.: American rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur / has occupation media proprietor / has occupation music executive / has occupation record producer / has occupation entrepreneur / has occupation Entrepreneur / has occupation songwriter / has occupation rapper / has occupation actor / is instance of human
3. Jay Leno (wd:Q218718), also known as James Douglas Muir Leno, James Leno, Jay Douglas Muir Leno: American television host and comedian (born 1950) / has occupation television presenter / has occupation television producer / has occupation stand-up comedian / has occupation television actor / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation voice actor / has occupation journalist / has occupation comedian / has occupation YouTuber / has occupation singer / has occupation writer / has occupation dancer / has occupation actor / is instance of human
4. Jay Baruchel (wd:Q316756), also known as Jonathan Adam Saunders Baruchel: has occupation television actor / has occupation cinematographer / has occupation film producer / has occupation Film producer / has occupation film director / has occupation screenwriter / has occupation film actor / has occupation dub actor / has occupation comedian / has occupation actor / is instance of human / Canadian actor
5. Jay Mohr (wd:Q492321), also known as Jon Ferguson Cox Mohr, Jon Ferguson Mohr: has occupation stand-up comedian / has occupation radio personality / has occupation television actor / has occupation impressionist / has occupation impersonator / has occupation screenwriter / American actor and comedian / has occupation voice actor / has occupation film actor / has occupation podcaster / has occupation comedian / has occupation actor / is instance of human
6. Jeezy (wd:Q342447, matched via Jay Jenkins), also known as Jay Jenkins, Jay Wayne Jenkins, Jeezy the Snowman, Young Jeezy: has occupation record producer / has occupation music executive / has occupation businessperson / American rapper (born 1977) / has occupation songwriter / has occupation film actor / has occupation rapper / has occupation actor / is instance of human
7. Jay Sean (wd:Q294907), also known as Kamaljit Singh Jhooti: British singer, rapper and songwriter / has occupation singer-songwriter / has occupation beatboxer / has occupation singer / is instance of human
8. Mike Connors (wd:Q582996, matched via Jay Connors), also known as Jay Connors, Krekor Ohanian, Michael Conners, Michael Connors, Touch Conners, etc.: has occupation television actor / American actor (1925–2017) / has occupation film actor / has occupation actor / is instance of human
9. Jay Hernandez (wd:Q533655), also known as Javier Manuel Hernández Maldonado: American actor and model with Mexican heritage / has occupation television producer / has occupation television director / has occupation executive producer / has occupation film screenwriter / has occupation television actor / has occupation film director / has occupation voice actor / has occupation film actor / has occupation actor / is instance of human / Mexican actor
10. Jay Park (wd:Q429046), also known as Park Jae Beom (박재범): South Korean-American rapper and singer / has occupation singer-songwriter / has occupation record producer / has occupation choreographer / has occupation Entrepreneur / has occupation entrepreneur / has occupation composer / has occupation singer / has occupation dancer / has occupation rapper / has occupation actor / has occupation model / is instance of human

No other items found

No literal items found

[Assistant]
I see that searching for `wdt:P175` (performer) returns Jay Chou himself, which is expected but not helpful for finding albums. Let me try searching for albums where Jay Chou is the creator or author using `wdt:P50` (author) or `wdt:P175` in reverse.

I'll look for items that are albums (wd:Q11424) and have Jay Chou as the performer or creator.

execute

SELECT ?album ?albumLabel WHERE { ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 . ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 . SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } LIMIT 10

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, which suggests that the direct link between Jay Chou and his albums via `wdt:P175` might not be used consistently. Let me try using the discography property (`wdt:P358`) to find the discography page, and then explore the albums listed there.

I'll check what `wdt:P358` points to for Jay Chou.

SELECT ?discography WHERE { wd:Q238819 wdt:P358 ?discography }

Got 1 row and 1 column:
| discography |
| ----------- |
| wd:Q1100151 |

[Assistant]
I found that Jay Chou's discography is linked to the item `wd:Q1100151`. Now I need to explore this discography page to find the albums listed there. Discography pages often list albums as part of a list, so I'll check the structure of this item to see if it contains statements about individual albums.

Let me list the triples for the discography item `wd:Q1100151`.

list

wd:Q1100151

Got 57 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject     | property              | object                                          |
| ----------- | --------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q1100151 | instance of (wdt:P31) | Wikimedia artist discography (wd:Q104635718)    |
| wd:Q1100151 | has list (wdt:P2354)  | wd:Q129485781                                   |
| wd:Q1100151 | schema:description    | discografie van Jay Chou (lang:nl)              |
| wd:Q1100151 | schema:name           | dioscliosta Jay Chou (lang:ga)                  |
| wd:Q1100151 | rdf:type              | wikibase:Item                                   |
| wd:Q1100151 | rdfs:label            | dioscliosta Jay Chou (lang:ga)                  |
| wd:Q1100151 | skos:altLabel         | discography of Jay Chou (lang:en)               |
| wd:Q1100151 | skos:prefLabel        | dioscliosta Jay Chou (lang:ga)                  |
| wd:Q1100151 | instance of (p:P31)   | s:Q1100151-15B410B8-92F5-470E-84E4-1A93907F8399 |
| wd:Q1100151 | has list (wdt:P2354)  | wd:Q83793562                                    |
| ...         | ...                   | ...                                             |

[Assistant]
I see that `wd:Q1100151` (Jay Chou's discography) has a property `wdt:P2354` (has list) that links to other items, likely lists of albums. One of the items is `wd:Q129485781` and another is `wd:Q83793562`. I'll check one of these list items to see if it contains the albums.

Let me check `wd:Q129485781` first.

wd:Q129485781

Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject       | property                | object                                            |
| ------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q129485781 | instance of (wdt:P31)   | Wikimedia singles discography (wd:Q59248059)      |
| wd:Q129485781 | part of (wdt:P361)      | wd:Q1100151                                       |
| wd:Q129485781 | is a list of (wdt:P360) | single (wd:Q134556)                               |
| wd:Q129485781 | schema:description      | Wikimedia singles discography (lang:en)           |
| wd:Q129485781 | schema:name             | Jay Chou singles discography (lang:en)            |
| wd:Q129485781 | rdf:type                | wikibase:Item                                     |
| wd:Q129485781 | rdfs:label              | Jay Chou singles discography (lang:en)            |
| wd:Q129485781 | skos:prefLabel          | Jay Chou singles discography (lang:en)            |
| wd:Q129485781 | instance of (p:P31)     | s:Q129485781-e9b87bca-4fd5-6f48-9af7-75a1c042cd30 |
| wd:Q129485781 | part of (p:P361)        | s:Q129485781-8c7c997d-4d41-3492-2bbd-d9ee4d8280b6 |
| ...           | ...                     | ...                                               |

[Assistant]
I see that `wd:Q129485781` is a list of singles, not albums. Let me check the other list item `wd:Q83793562`.

wd:Q83793562

Got 19 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject      | property                             | object                                                  |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q83793562 | instance of (wdt:P31)                | Wikimedia albums discography (wd:Q59191021)             |
| wd:Q83793562 | part of (wdt:P361)                   | wd:Q1100151                                             |
| wd:Q83793562 | is a list of (wdt:P360)              | album (wd:Q482994)                                      |
| wd:Q83793562 | category related to list (wdt:P1754) | wd:Q8564214                                             |
| wd:Q83793562 | schema:description                   | Wikimedia albums discography (lang:en)                  |
| wd:Q83793562 | schema:name                          | albaim de chuid Jay Chou in ord croineolaíoch (lang:ga) |
| wd:Q83793562 | rdf:type                             | wikibase:Item                                           |
| wd:Q83793562 | rdfs:label                           | albaim de chuid Jay Chou in ord croineolaíoch (lang:ga) |
| wd:Q83793562 | skos:altLabel                        | Jay Chou albums discography (lang:en)                   |
| wd:Q83793562 | skos:prefLabel                       | albaim de chuid Jay Chou in ord croineolaíoch (lang:ga) |
| ...          | ...                                  | ...                                                     |

[Assistant]
I see that `wd:Q83793562` is a list of albums. Now I need to find the individual albums in this list. The property `wdt:P361` (part of) links it to the discography, but I need to find the actual albums listed in this list.

I'll check if there are any statements that link this list to individual albums using properties like `wdt:P1181` (list item) or similar.

execute

SELECT ?album ?albumLabel WHERE { wd:Q83793562 wdt:P1181 ?album . SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } ORDER BY ?albumLabel

[Assistant]
The property `wdt:P1181` (list item) doesn't seem to be used here. Let me check if there are any other properties that link the list to individual albums. I'll explore the triples of `wd:Q83793562` more thoroughly to see if there are any other relevant properties.

list

wd:Q83793562

[Assistant]
I see that `wd:Q83793562` is part of the discography `wd:Q1100151`, but I still need to find the individual albums. Let me check if the albums are linked through the `wdt:P360` (is a list of) property, which indicates that this list contains albums. I need to find the actual items that are members of this list.

I'll try to find any statements that link `wd:Q83793562` to individual albums using other properties. Let me check for any properties that might indicate list membership.

execute

SELECT ?item ?itemLabel WHERE { ?item wdt:P361 wd:Q83793562 . SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". } } LIMIT 10

SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '
<title>301 Moved Permanently</title>

301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The error indicates that the `SERVICE wikibase:label` is not supported in this endpoint. I need to avoid using `SERVICE wikibase:label` and instead use `rdfs:label` with a language filter.

Let me try to find the albums by checking if they are linked directly to the discography list or if there's another way to find them. I'll look for items that are instances of album (wd:Q482994) and are linked to Jay Chou through any property.

SELECT ?album ?albumLabel WHERE { ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 . ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 . OPTIONAL { ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel . FILTER(LANG(?albumLabel) = 'en') } } ORDER BY ?albumLabel

Got 26 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                | albumLabel                        |
| ------------------------------------ | --------------------------------- |
| 2004 Incomparable (wd:Q1488741)      | 2004 Incomparable (lang:en)       |
| Aiyo, Nor Bad (wd:Q18652147)         | Aiyo, Nor Bad (lang:en)           |
| Capricorn (wd:Q704376)               | Capricorn (lang:en)               |
| Common Jasmin Orange (wd:Q262153)    | Common Jasmin Orange (lang:en)    |
| Exclamation Mark (wd:Q873560)        | Exclamation Mark (lang:en)        |
| ...                                  | ...                               |
| The Era 2010 World Tour (wd:Q210336) | The Era 2010 World Tour (lang:en) |
| THE INVINCIBLE (wd:Q97350176)        | THE INVINCIBLE (lang:en)          |
| The One Concert Live (wd:Q7755027)   | The One Concert Live (lang:en)    |
| The One Live CD (wd:Q1319607)        | The One Live CD (lang:en)         |
| Ye Hui Mei (wd:Q699622)              | Ye Hui Mei (lang:en)              |

[Assistant]
I now have a list of albums by Jay Chou. To find the first album, I need to determine the release date of each album. I'll check for the inception date (P571) or release date (P577) for these albums and order them by date to find the earliest one.

Let me modify the query to include the release date and order by it.

SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?date WHERE { ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 . ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 . OPTIONAL { ?album wdt:P577 ?date } . OPTIONAL { ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel . FILTER(LANG(?albumLabel) = 'en') } } ORDER BY ?date

Got 28 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| album                                           | albumLabel                                 | date                                |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Jay (wd:Q221115)                                | Jay (lang:en)                              | 2000-11-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Jay (wd:Q221115)                                | Jay (lang:en)                              | 2000-11-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Fantasy (wd:Q595532)                            | Fantasy (lang:en)                          | 2001-09-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| The Eight Dimensions (wd:Q680715)               | The Eight Dimensions (lang:en)             | 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| The One Live CD (wd:Q1319607)                   | The One Live CD (lang:en)                  | 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                             | ...                                        | ...                                 |
| Opus Jay World Tour Concert Live (wd:Q24073870) | Opus Jay World Tour Concert Live (lang:en) | 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Aiyo, Nor Bad (wd:Q18652147)                    | Aiyo, Nor Bad (lang:en)                    | 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (wd:Q24595331)       | Jay Chou's Bedtime Stories (lang:en)       | 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| THE INVINCIBLE (wd:Q97350176)                   | THE INVINCIBLE (lang:en)                   | 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Greatest Works of Art (wd:Q112935732)           | Greatest Works of Art (lang:en)            | 2022-07-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
I can see that the earliest album is "Jay" (wd:Q221115), released on November 6, 2000. There are two entries for "Jay" with slightly different dates (November 6 and November 7, 2000), but the first one is the earliest.

The first album of Jay Chou is "Jay", released on November 6, 2000.

Now I'll provide the final SPARQL query and answer.

answer

SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?date WHERE { ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 . ?album wdt:P175 wd:Q238819 . OPTIONAL { ?album wdt:P577 ?date } . OPTIONAL { ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel . FILTER(LANG(?albumLabel) = 'en') } } ORDER BY ?date LIMIT 1

Answer: The first album of Jay Chou is 'Jay', released on November 6, 2000.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?show ?showLabel WHERE {
  ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 .
  ?show p:P580 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P580 ?date .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?date ) = 1975 ) .
  ?show rdfs:label ?showLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?showLabel ) = 'en' )
}

Using entities:
- television series (wd:Q5398426), also known as television show, TV series, TV-series, TV show: is instance of type of television program / is subclass of television program / is subclass of television programme / is subclass of serial / is subclass of series of creative works / connected set of television program episodes under the same title / connected set of television programme episodes under the same title

Using properties:
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... instance of mountain; volcanoes form a subclass of mountains / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... is an instance of mountain; volcano is a subclass of mountain
- start time (wd:P580 as p/ps), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid

Got 215 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| show                                               | showLabel                                       |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            | Gabriela (lang:en)                              |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          | On the Mat (lang:en)                            |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                | Cher (lang:en)                                  |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    | Carry On Laughing (lang:en)                     |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          | Space: 1999 (lang:en)                           |
| ...                                                | ...                                             |
| Good Morning America (wd:Q825946)                  | Good Morning America (lang:en)                  |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             | Beschlossen und verkündet (lang:en)             |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (lang:en) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (lang:en) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           | Miś Uszatek (lang:en)                           |

Answer: The following TV shows aired for the first time in 1975, the same year as Saturday Night Live: Gabriela, On the Mat, Cher, Carry On Laughing, Space: 1999, Good Morning America, Beschlossen und verkündet, Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder, Miś Uszatek, and 205 other shows.

The following TV shows aired for the first time in 1975, the same year as Saturday Night Live: Gabriela, On the Mat, Cher, Carry On Laughing, Space: 1999, Good Morning America, Beschlossen und verkündet, Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder, Miś Uszatek, and 205 other shows.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?show ?showLabel WHERE {
  ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 .
  ?show p:P580 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P580 ?date .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?date ) = 1975 ) .
  ?show rdfs:label ?showLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?showLabel ) = 'en' )
}

Using entities:
- television series (wd:Q5398426), also known as television show, TV series, TV-series, TV show: is instance of type of television program / is subclass of television program / is subclass of television programme / is subclass of serial / is subclass of series of creative works / connected set of television program episodes under the same title / connected set of television programme episodes under the same title

Using properties:
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... instance of mountain; volcanoes form a subclass of mountains / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... is an instance of mountain; volcano is a subclass of mountain
- start time (wd:P580 as p/ps), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid

Execution result:
Got 215 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| show                                               | showLabel                                       |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            | Gabriela (lang:en)                              |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          | On the Mat (lang:en)                            |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                | Cher (lang:en)                                  |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    | Carry On Laughing (lang:en)                     |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          | Space: 1999 (lang:en)                           |
| ...                                                | ...                                             |
| Good Morning America (wd:Q825946)                  | Good Morning America (lang:en)                  |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             | Beschlossen und verkündet (lang:en)             |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (lang:en) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (lang:en) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           | Miś Uszatek (lang:en)                           |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at https://qlever.dev/api/wikidata with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)='en'). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items. For 'main business' prefer more specific occupation items (e.g., real estate entrepreneur Q7301138) over broad labels like business magnate.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for direct values; for time-series use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and references (pr:P854) to detect scope. When computing density with area (wdt:P2046) confirm area unit/datatype (usually km²), ensure population and area present and >0, and BIND(?population/?area AS ?density).
  - Spouse nationality: do not rely only on P27. Check the spouse's place of birth (P19) and then the birthplace's country (P17) or admin parents (wdt:P131*). Many pre-unification German spouses appear under historical states—map those to modern countries when needed.
  - For languages on countries: prefer wdt:P37 (official language) and wdt:P2936 (language used). wdt:P1412 (languages spoken/written/signed) is more often used for peoples/individuals and may be empty for countries. Try P37 and P2936 first, then fall back to P1412/P407. Fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?l)='en').
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Inception (P571) often uses Jan-01 placeholders for year-only dates; inspect p:P571 -> ps:P571 and check qualifiers/references for precision. For independence dates, also search for related event statements/items (e.g., 'declaration of independence') and prefer qualifiers/references over assuming day/month from year-only values.
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series: use p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . To get the most recent value prefer a subquery to compute MAX(?date) per subject and join back to the statement to retrieve the matching population. Avoid HAVING(MAX(?date)=?date) — QLever can error. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope (city-proper vs metro).
  - wdt:P131* can be expensive and may be incomplete. First try direct wdt:P131 for immediate administrative parent(s). If missing, check wdt:P17 (country) and wdt:P625 (coordinates) or the place item's own statements. Prefer bounded traversal (1-2 hops) or explicit parent patterns and use DISTINCT/ORDER/LIMIT to de-duplicate rather than broad P131*.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find candidate properties but always verify the property's semantics (domain/range) and whether it links to the office, office-holder, or related entity. Test with a small query before relying on results. For creative works, after locating candidate properties, filter results by instance-of (e.g., films wd:Q11424; board games wd:Q131436) to avoid non-work items.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties. Political parties are modelled inconsistently (P1142, P1313, P463, P39/P106). Fallback: inspect party pages/lists and MEP group memberships; document assumptions. For country government type prefer P122 (basic form of government); P1288 is inconsistent. To exclude historical states filter NOT EXISTS { ?item wdt:P576 ?d }.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.
  - Place of burial (P119): use wdt:P119 to get the direct burial place. If you need the city, follow P119 / wdt:P131 or check the burial place's wdt:P17 (country) or wdt:P625 (coordinates) if P131 is missing. Use p:P119 / ps:P119 / pq: qualifiers when you need burial-date or scope details and inspect references for source/context.
  - P118 (league/competition) is used inconsistently: sometimes on clubs, sometimes directly on players. When finding clubs use ?club wdt:P118 wd:Q... and verify ?club wdt:P31 wd:Q483394. If P118 returns players, filter by ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to detect humans and avoid false positives. To get current players prefer club→p:P54 statements: ?player p:P54 ?stmt; ?stmt ps:P54 ?club. OPTIONAL{ ?stmt pq:P582 ?end } FILTER(!BOUND(?end)). Verify qualifiers/references and DOBs for plausibility.
  - Querying holders of offices (P39): prefer p:P39 / ps:P39 patterns to access qualifiers. To find current holder use: ?person p:P39 ?stmt. ?stmt ps:P39 wd:Q... . OPTIONAL{ ?stmt pq:P582 ?end } FILTER(!BOUND(?end)). Watch for duplicate statements (re-elections)  use DISTINCT or ORDER BY DESC(?start) LIMIT 1 on pq:P580. Avoid HAVING(MAX(...)=...) on QLever; prefer subqueries with ORDER/LIMIT.
  - Headquarters: use wdt:P159 for org HQs. If P159 gives a building follow that building's wdt:P131* (bounded hops). If P159 points to a place, verify its wdt:P31. Don't rely only on P17 for org-country—also check P159 and P276. Use UNION/nested patterns to cover ?org wdt:P17 wd:Q... OR ?org wdt:P159|wdt:P276 ?place . ?place wdt:P17 wd:Q... or ?place wdt:P131* wd:Q...

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)='en') for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. If a query using SERVICE fails (e.g., HTTP 301 redirect), switch to rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) and/or schema:name. Language items (e.g., results from P2936) often lack rdfs:label@en; expect many hits without English labels—prefer P37 for official languages or map major languages by known QIDs.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct values; p:Pxxx/ps:Pxxx/pq:Pxxx for qualifiers. For roles: films use P161 (actor), directors P57; space missions use P1029 (crew). Query reverse and filter by instance-of film (wd:Q11424) or human (wd:Q5). For 'city' classification prefer ?x wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q515; use wdt:P2046 for area but check units/duplicates.
- When selecting latest qualifier-dated values (e.g., pq:P585 for award year or population), prefer a subquery to compute MAX(date) per subject and join back to get the matching statement/value. Avoid HAVING(MAX(?date)=?date) patterns on QLever (can cause engine errors). Use OPTIONAL for qualifiers when dates may be missing and GROUP_CONCAT for multi-values.
- Use search_entity to resolve names and verify instance-of (e.g., wdt:P31=wd:Q5). Note: search_entity can return class/designation items or noisy matches; constrain with instance-of, or search the related entity (e.g., country) and query its members. Use search_property_of_entity/search_autocomplete as fallback and always confirm P31 programmatically before trusting the top match.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- QLever endpoints do not support SERVICE wikibase:label — use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...))='en'. Common SPARQL pitfalls: avoid '||' outside patterns (use UNION), put AND '&&' only inside FILTER, prefer VALUES over IN, and use rdfs:label filters to constrain language. When testing existence prefer FILTER EXISTS { ... } or OPTIONAL { ?s wdt:Pxx ?v . FILTER(?v = wd:Q...) } — writing OPTIONAL { ?s wdt:Pxx wd:Q... } creates no ?v for BOUND(?v). When execute() fails, simplify the query and test with list(...).
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers. Also verify ambiguous item QIDs (e.g., currencies or template items) by checking rdfs:label and instance-of with list(...) before use.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en"). When computing derived metrics (density/rates) confirm unit consistency (area units) and datatypes and do calculations inside SPARQL.
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19; 'cause of death' -> P509; 'manner of death' -> P1196). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Which shows aired for the first time the same year as Saturday Night Live ?

[Assistant]
To find shows that aired for the first time in the same year as *Saturday Night Live*, I need to:

1. Determine the premiere year of *Saturday Night Live*.
2. Find other TV shows that premiered in that same year.

### Step 1: Find the premiere year of *Saturday Night Live*
I'll start by searching for the entity for *Saturday Night Live* and then check its inception date (P571).

Question: Saturday Night Live

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q13979), also known as NBC's Saturday Night, Saturday Night: American late-night live television sketch comedy show / is instance of television series / is instance of serial
2. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q6122059): is instance of television series / is instance of serial / television series
3. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28452163): album by Trouble Funk / album by Trouble Funk / album by Trouble Funk / is instance of album
4. Saturday Night Live (wd:Q23039888): is instance of television series / Finnish TV show aired in 2016 / is instance of serial
5. Saturday Night Live Korea (wd:Q7426718), also known as SNL Korea, SNL.KOREA, SNL Korea 6: is instance of television programme / 2011 South Korean television series / is instance of television program
6. Saturday Night Live Japan (wd:Q11304712): is instance of television programme / is instance of television program / Japanese TV series or program
7. Le Saturday Night Live (wd:Q28194825): French late-night live television comedy show / is instance of television programme / is instance of television program
8. history of Saturday Night Live (wd:Q5866387, matched via Saturday Night Live history), also known as Saturday Night Live history: is instance of aspect of history / List article
9. Katy Perry/Robyn (wd:Q5483492, matched via Saturday Night Live S37E9), also known as Saturday Night Live S37E9, Saturday Night Live, season 37 episode 9, Saturday Night Live Season 37 Episode 9: is instance of television series episode / episode of Saturday Night Live (S37 E9)
10. Saturday Night Live Band (wd:Q7426708): is instance of musical group / American jazz and R&B band

[Assistant]
The main entity for *Saturday Night Live* is `wd:Q13979`. Now I'll check its inception date (P571) to find the year it first aired.

list

wd:Q13979

[Assistant]
The inception date (P571) is not directly available as a direct property (wdt:P571). I need to check the statement form (p:P571) to see if there are qualifiers or references that provide the date.

wd:Q13979

[Assistant]
It seems that the inception date is not directly available in the triples. Let me try searching for properties related to "premiere" or "first aired" for *Saturday Night Live*.

Question: premiere

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. presenter (wd:P371 as p/wdt, matched via presented by), also known as host, hosted by, hostess, presented by, TV host, etc.: someone who takes a main role in presenting a radio or television programme or a performing arts show / main role in presenting a radio or television program or a performing arts show / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of cast member
2. title (wd:P1476 as p/wdt), also known as article title, full title, headline, known as, name, etc.: published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work / published title of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, a website, or a performance work / published title of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, a website, or a performance work / is subproperty of name
3. production company (wd:P272 as p/wdt, matched via movie studio), also known as ballet company, broadcasting company, film studio, motion picture studio, movie studio, etc.: company that produced this film, audio or performing arts work / company that produced this film, audio or performing arts work
4. cast member (wd:P161 as p/wdt, matched via film starring), also known as actor, actress, contestant of a play, feat., film starring, etc.: actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions] / actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) ... as qualifiers] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / actor performing live for a camera or audience [use ... as qualifier] [use "voice actor" (P725) for voice-only role] / is subproperty of significant person / is subproperty of performer
5. number of episodes (wd:P1113 as p/wdt, matched via episode count), also known as episode count, episodes, no. of episodes, series length, P1113: is subproperty of number of parts of a work of art / is subproperty of number of parts of this work / number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series / number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series / number of episodes in a film/TV/radio series
6. award received (wd:P166 as p/wdt, matched via award), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / awards received by a person, organisation or creative work
7. duration (wd:P2047 as p/wdt, matched via period), also known as cook time, era, interval, length, length of time, etc.: length of time of an event or process / length of time of an event or process / length of time of an event or process
8. start time (wd:P580 as p/wdt, matched via beginning), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / is subproperty of point in time
9. genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt, matched via type of film), also known as artistic genre, art style, film genre, genre of literature, genre of music, etc.: creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic / genre of a creative work or genre in which an artist works
10. logo image (wd:P154 as p/wdt, matched via masthead), also known as insignia, logo, logomark, mark, marque, etc.: graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / is subproperty of icon

No other items found

[Assistant]
I see that "start time" (P580) is a relevant property, which indicates when something begins to exist or when a statement starts being valid. This is likely the correct property to use for the premiere date of a TV show.

Let me check the start time (P580) for *Saturday Night Live* using the statement form (p:P580).

wd:Q13979

[Assistant] Now I'll examine the statement object `s:Q13979-6cb26e75-4922-3bb9-67b5-1e344ee02c8f` to get the actual date value (ps:P580) and any qualifiers.

[Assistant]
Great! I now know that *Saturday Night Live* first aired on **1975-10-11**. The year is **1975**.

Now, I need to find other TV shows that premiered in 1975. I'll look for items that are instances of a television series (wd:Q5398426) and have a start time (P580) in 1975.

I'll construct a SPARQL query to find TV shows (wd:Q5398426) with start time (P580) in 1975, and return their labels.

execute

SELECT ?show ?showLabel WHERE { ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 . ?show p:P580 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P580 ?date . FILTER(YEAR(?date) = 1975) . SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en" } }

SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '
<title>301 Moved Permanently</title>

301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
I need to avoid using `SERVICE wikibase:label` since it's not supported by QLever. Instead, I'll use `rdfs:label` with a language filter to get the English labels.

Let me rewrite the query using `rdfs:label`:

SELECT ?show ?showLabel WHERE { ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 . ?show p:P580 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P580 ?date . FILTER(YEAR(?date) = 1975) . ?show rdfs:label ?showLabel . FILTER(LANG(?showLabel) = 'en') }

Got 215 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| show                                               | showLabel                                       |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| Gabriela (wd:Q10287918)                            | Gabriela (lang:en)                              |
| On the Mat (wd:Q10340891)                          | On the Mat (lang:en)                            |
| Cher (wd:Q10381261)                                | Cher (lang:en)                                  |
| Carry On Laughing (wd:Q1045360)                    | Carry On Laughing (lang:en)                     |
| Space: 1999 (wd:Q1045743)                          | Space: 1999 (lang:en)                           |
| ...                                                | ...                                             |
| Good Morning America (wd:Q825946)                  | Good Morning America (lang:en)                  |
| Beschlossen und verkündet (wd:Q829585)             | Beschlossen und verkündet (lang:en)             |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (lang:en) |
| Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (wd:Q872205) | Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder (lang:en) |
| Miś Uszatek (wd:Q929924)                           | Miś Uszatek (lang:en)                           |

[Assistant]
The query successfully returned TV shows that premiered in 1975, including *Saturday Night Live* (which we know is one of them). The list includes 215 shows, which is expected since many TV series debuted in 1975.

Now, I can provide the final answer. The SPARQL query correctly identifies all TV shows that premiered in 1975, the same year as *Saturday Night Live*.

I'll now provide the final answer with the SPARQL query.

answer

SELECT ?show ?showLabel WHERE { ?show wdt:P31 wd:Q5398426 . ?show p:P580 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P580 ?date . FILTER(YEAR(?date) = 1975) . ?show rdfs:label ?showLabel . FILTER(LANG(?showLabel) = 'en') }

Answer: The following TV shows aired for the first time in 1975, the same year as Saturday Night Live: Gabriela, On the Mat, Cher, Carry On Laughing, Space: 1999, Good Morning America, Beschlossen und verkündet, Krempoli - Ein Platz für wilde Kinder, Miś Uszatek, and 205 other shows.