PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?eloRating WHERE {
  ?person p:P1087 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P1087 ?eloRating .
  ?statement pq:P585 ?date .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?date ) = 2023 && MONTH( ?date ) = 1 ) .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?eloRating )
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                              | personLabel                 | eloRating          |
| ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Yu Yangyi (wd:Q377866)              | Yu Yangyi (en)              | 2729 (xsd:decimal) |
| Francisco Vallejo Pons (wd:Q543256) | Francisco Vallejo Pons (en) | 2710 (xsd:decimal) |
| Hans Niemann (wd:Q59137809)         | Hans Niemann (en)           | 2706 (xsd:decimal) |
| Kirill Alekseenko (wd:Q18923582)    | Kirill Alekseenko (en)      | 2686 (xsd:decimal) |
| Amin Tabatabaei (wd:Q23710569)      | Amin Tabatabaei (en)        | 2686 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                                 | ...                         | ...                |
| Nikolas Theodorou (wd:Q27533120)    | Nikolas Theodorou (en)      | 2590 (xsd:decimal) |
| Shamsiddin Vokhidov (wd:Q27533974)  | Shamsiddin Vokhidov (en)    | 2589 (xsd:decimal) |
| Viktor Erdős (wd:Q2524265)          | Viktor Erdős (en)           | 2588 (xsd:decimal) |
| Ivan Sokolov (wd:Q709548)           | Ivan Sokolov (en)           | 2588 (xsd:decimal) |
| Peter Michalík (wd:Q539326)         | Peter Michalík (en)         | 2588 (xsd:decimal) |

The top 100 people with the highest Elo ratings in January 2023 are retrieved with their Elo ratings. The results are ordered by Elo rating in descending order. Some of the top players include Yu Yangyi with an Elo rating of 2729, Francisco Vallejo Pons with 2710, and Hans Niemann with 2706.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who were the top 100 people with the highest Elo ratings in January 2023? Please include their Elo rating, and order by their Elo rating in descending order.

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to find the top 100 people with the highest Elo ratings in January 2023. Elo ratings are commonly associated with chess players, so I will first verify if there is a property or qualifier related to Elo rating and the date (January 2023) for people, likely chess players.

Step 1: Search for the property related to "Elo rating" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Elo rating (wd:P1087 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in classical chess
2. review score, also known as rating (score), review rating (wd:P444 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): review score received by a creative work or other entity
3. rating (wd:P4271 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): qualifier to indicate a score given by the referenced source indicating the quality or completeness of the statement
4. number of reviews/ratings, also known as number of reviews, ratings, reviews, number of ratings (wd:P7887 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): qualifier on review score to state the number of user reviews, user ratings or critic reviews
5. dan/kyu rank, also known as go rank, wushu rank, shogi rank, renju rank, kendo rank (wd:P468 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): rank system used in several board games (e.g. go, shogi, renju), martial arts (e.g. judo, kendo, wushu) and some other games
6. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
7. score method, also known as scoring system, score type, scoring metric, scoring method, score system (wd:P1443 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): qualifier of "points/goal scored by (P1363)"
8. league level above, also known as level above (league), promotion to (wd:P2499 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): the league above this sports league, next higher rank
9. series ordinal, also known as ordinal, unit number, sort order, sorting order, series number (wd:P1545 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): position of an item in its parent series (most frequently a 1-ba...d from "ranking" defined as a property for evaluating a quality)
10. military or police rank, also known as military rank, naval rank, police rank, rank (wd:P410 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): military or police rank achieved by a person (should usually hav...ualifier), or military or police rank associated with a position

[Assistant]
The property "Elo rating" in Wikidata is identified as wdt:P1087. This property is used as a quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in classical chess.

Step 2: I need to find people (likely chess players) with Elo ratings and filter those ratings for the date January 2023. I will check how Elo ratings are recorded with qualifiers or references for dates.

I will now search for the qualifier or property related to the date or time for Elo rating (P1087).

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property               | object             |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------ |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807)       | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2832 (xsd:decimal) |
| Mikhail Tal (wd:Q102664)          | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2525 (xsd:decimal) |
| Vasily Smyslov (wd:Q104148)       | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2480 (xsd:decimal) |
| Bent Larsen (wd:Q108807)          | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2415 (xsd:decimal) |
| Harika Dronavalli (wd:Q109147059) | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2502 (xsd:decimal) |
| Jan-Krzysztof Duda (wd:Q10860652) | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 1834 (xsd:decimal) |
| Andor Lilienthal (wd:Q113167)     | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2385 (xsd:decimal) |
| Anna Cramling (wd:Q104539456)     | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2045 (xsd:decimal) |
| Jon Ludvig Hammer (wd:Q1152824)   | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2596 (xsd:decimal) |
| Carlos Guimard (wd:Q1042965)      | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2325 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                               | ...                    | ...                |

[Assistant]
Elo ratings are directly linked to people using the property P1087. However, the direct property usage does not show qualifiers or references for dates. Elo ratings might be recorded as statements with qualifiers for the date or time.

Step 3: I will check the qualifiers or references used with the Elo rating property (P1087) to see if there is a way to filter by date (January 2023). I will list statements for a known chess player with Elo rating and check the qualifiers.

I will pick Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) as a well-known chess player and list the statements for Elo rating (P1087) with qualifiers.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property               | object             |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------ |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2832 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant] The direct property usage (wdt:P1087) does not show qualifiers. I will try to list the statements (p:P1087) for Magnus Carlsen to see if there are qualifiers or references with dates.

[Tool]
Got 173 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property             | object                                         |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-03428782-3A91-4A25-8C71-12F8260947A0 |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-049260CC-04C8-40C0-A6E8-7BEA2B1BCE0A |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-07DE7F45-8BAC-436C-850E-B06B0C411C33 |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-0B688EA4-412E-41F6-BFEA-4277E1857970 |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-0B83E356-575F-449B-B7D3-4D94626185C6 |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-0E3583C6-82D1-44F2-92AB-0D569C842F0E |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-0F1CE930-4560-42A6-ABDF-28258AF00BD5 |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-1030EE52-676D-4C10-8B46-2CCEC0652BDE |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807) | Elo rating (p:P1087) | s:Q106807-112BE085-C5E6-4690-BE51-700B06F3A516 |
| ...                         | ...                  | ...                                            |

[Assistant]
There are multiple statements for Magnus Carlsen's Elo rating with statement IDs. I will now check the qualifiers or references for one of these statements to find if there is a date qualifier or reference for January 2023.

I will look at the qualifiers or references for the first statement: s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | Elo rating (ps:P1087)    | 2882 (xsd:decimal)                           |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | point in time (pq:P585)  | 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)          |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement                           |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | prov:wasDerivedFrom      | ref:a13cb5b476f8dd365e5c22a686a3ad7791ac569f |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | Elo rating (psv:P1087)   | v:7eb179c14755792dee594f7aebfaf7a7           |
| s:Q106807-011A7F8B-2AAE-4C51-B47F-9ACD6F9C315B | point in time (pqv:P585) | v:e0e14f5714aca22bfe702639db968957           |

[Assistant]
The statement for Elo rating (ps:P1087) has a qualifier "point in time" (pq:P585) with a date value. This means Elo ratings are recorded with a point in time qualifier.

Step 4: I will now write a SPARQL query to get the top 100 people with the highest Elo ratings in January 2023. I will filter the point in time qualifier to January 2023 and order by Elo rating in descending order.

I will proceed to write and execute this query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The query failed because the SERVICE wikibase:label is not supported by the QLever SPARQL endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label to get the person's label.

I will now rewrite and execute the query again.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                              | personLabel                 | eloRating          |
| ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Yu Yangyi (wd:Q377866)              | Yu Yangyi (en)              | 2729 (xsd:decimal) |
| Francisco Vallejo Pons (wd:Q543256) | Francisco Vallejo Pons (en) | 2710 (xsd:decimal) |
| Hans Niemann (wd:Q59137809)         | Hans Niemann (en)           | 2706 (xsd:decimal) |
| Kirill Alekseenko (wd:Q18923582)    | Kirill Alekseenko (en)      | 2686 (xsd:decimal) |
| Amin Tabatabaei (wd:Q23710569)      | Amin Tabatabaei (en)        | 2686 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                                 | ...                         | ...                |
| Nikolas Theodorou (wd:Q27533120)    | Nikolas Theodorou (en)      | 2590 (xsd:decimal) |
| Shamsiddin Vokhidov (wd:Q27533974)  | Shamsiddin Vokhidov (en)    | 2589 (xsd:decimal) |
| Viktor Erdős (wd:Q2524265)          | Viktor Erdős (en)           | 2588 (xsd:decimal) |
| Ivan Sokolov (wd:Q709548)           | Ivan Sokolov (en)           | 2588 (xsd:decimal) |
| Peter Michalík (wd:Q539326)         | Peter Michalík (en)         | 2588 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?item WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P2093 "Fred Smith" .
}

Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| item                                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Can Unions Be Sued for Following the Law? (wd:Q128767199)                           |
| A Better Hope: Resources for a C...sm, Democracy, and Postmodernity (wd:Q128929105) |
| Computerized Deep Structure Indexing System – A critical appraisal (wd:Q129292383)  |
| Term and cross reference structu...d Deep Structure Indexing System (wd:Q129294127) |
| FORTRAN programming standards (wd:Q130959327)                                       |
| Global effect of PEG-IFN-alpha a...gene expression in PBMC in vitro (wd:Q47190483)  |
| Northampton General Hospital. (wd:Q55115073)                                        |
| FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY-SEPTEMBER, 2003 (wd:Q58549138)                               |
| 24 Hour Service at Georgia Southern University: 1989–2007 (wd:Q58602086)            |
| Cardiac epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with 8-year follow-up (wd:Q80335651)       |

The items that have exactly the string "Fred Smith" listed under their author name string (property P2093) are:
1. Can Unions Be Sued for Following the Law? (wd:Q128767199)
2. A Better Hope: Resources for a C...sm, Democracy, and Postmodernity (wd:Q128929105)
3. Computerized Deep Structure Indexing System – A critical appraisal (wd:Q129292383)
4. Term and cross reference structu...d Deep Structure Indexing System (wd:Q129294127)
5. FORTRAN programming standards (wd:Q130959327)
6. Global effect of PEG-IFN-alpha a...gene expression in PBMC in vitro (wd:Q47190483)
7. Northampton General Hospital. (wd:Q55115073)
8. FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY-SEPTEMBER, 2003 (wd:Q58549138)
9. 24 Hour Service at Georgia Southern University: 1989–2007 (wd:Q58602086)
10. Cardiac epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with 8-year follow-up (wd:Q80335651)

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which items have exactly the string "Fred Smith" listed under its author name string?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to find items that have an author name string exactly matching "Fred Smith".

Step 1: Identify the property for "author name string" in Wikidata. This is likely a property related to author name or author string.

Step 2: Query items that have this property with the exact string "Fred Smith".

I will start by searching for properties related to "author name string" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
2. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
3. EXQUIRITE author ID, also known as EXQUIRITE author identifier, IRIS UNISTRAPG author ID, IRIS UNISTRAPG author identifier (wd:P10071 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for an author in EXQUIRITE, the open-access repository of the Università per Stranieri di Perugia
4. BioNames author ID, also known as BioNames author identifier (wd:P11029 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for an author in the BioNames database
5. SEARCH on line catalogue ID, also known as SEARCH author ID, SEARCH ID (wd:P9081 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for an authority in the SEARCH on line catalogue (union-catalog of four libraries in Rome)
6. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
7. LibraryThing author ID, also known as Library Thing author ID, LT author ID (wd:P7400 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for an author on the LibraryThing website
8. Databazeknih.cz author ID, also known as Databáze knih author ID (wd:P10387 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): numeric ID of author in Databáze knih
9. Online Books Page author ID, also known as OnlineBooks author ID (wd:P4629 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for an author, at the Online Books Page website
10. Arnet Miner author ID, also known as AMiner author ID (wd:P5776 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): author identifier from the Arnet Miner research database

[Assistant] The property "author name string" (wdt:P2093) is the relevant property that stores unspecified author or editor names for publications. I will now construct a SPARQL query to find items that have the exact string "Fred Smith" listed under this property.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| item                                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Can Unions Be Sued for Following the Law? (wd:Q128767199)                           |
| A Better Hope: Resources for a C...sm, Democracy, and Postmodernity (wd:Q128929105) |
| Computerized Deep Structure Indexing System – A critical appraisal (wd:Q129292383)  |
| Term and cross reference structu...d Deep Structure Indexing System (wd:Q129294127) |
| FORTRAN programming standards (wd:Q130959327)                                       |
| Global effect of PEG-IFN-alpha a...gene expression in PBMC in vitro (wd:Q47190483)  |
| Northampton General Hospital. (wd:Q55115073)                                        |
| FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY-SEPTEMBER, 2003 (wd:Q58549138)                               |
| 24 Hour Service at Georgia Southern University: 1989–2007 (wd:Q58602086)            |
| Cardiac epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with 8-year follow-up (wd:Q80335651)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?year WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P166 wd:Q55455135 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person p:P166 ?awardStatement .
    ?awardStatement ps:P166 wd:Q55455135 .
    ?awardStatement pq:P585 ?year .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?year

Got 60 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                   | personLabel                    | year                                |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Manuel Alvar (wd:Q1891429)               | Manuel Alvar (en)              | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ludwig Buisson (wd:Q1563209)             | Ludwig Buisson (en)            | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Christian Adolf Isermeyer (wd:Q15226554) | Christian Adolf Isermeyer (en) | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Richard Hoggart (wd:Q1534871)            | Richard Hoggart (en)           | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Nicolás Guillén (wd:Q334118)             | Nicolás Guillén (en)           | 1976-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                      | ...                            | ...                                 |
| Kaija Saariaho (wd:Q241432)              | Kaija Saariaho (en)            | 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Richard Dyer (wd:Q7325332)               | Richard Dyer (en)              | 2018-12-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Patricio Guzmán (wd:Q2057315)            | Patricio Guzmán (en)           | 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ibrahima Thioub (wd:Q1656025)            | Ibrahima Thioub (en)           | 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Trina Robbins (wd:Q458714)               | Trina Robbins (en)             | 2023-11-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

The people who have received an honorary doctorate from Bordeaux Montaigne University along with the year they received it are as follows (ordered by year): Manuel Alvar (1974), Ludwig Buisson (1974), Christian Adolf Isermeyer (1974), Richard Hoggart (1974), Nicolás Guillén (1976), Kaija Saariaho (2015), Richard Dyer (2018), Patricio Guzmán (2019), Ibrahima Thioub (2020), and Trina Robbins (2023).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who has received an honorary doctorate from Bordeaux Montaigne University? Please also include the year they received the doctorate and order results by year

[Assistant] To answer this question, I need to find the entity for Bordeaux Montaigne University in Wikidata and then find the people who have received an honorary doctorate from this university along with the year they received it. I will start by searching for Bordeaux Montaigne University in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bordeaux Montaigne University, also known as University of Bordeaux 3, Michel de Montaigne University (wd:Q13342): French university founded in 1971
2. honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135)
3. University of Bordeaux, also known as UB, u-bordeaux.fr (wd:Q13344): university in France
4. Bordeaux Segalen University, also known as University of Bordeaux 2 (wd:Q13340): former French university abolished and replaced in 2014
5. IUT Bordeaux Montaigne, also known as University Institute of Journalism Technology of Bordeaux, IUT Michel de Montaigne (wd:Q3152663)
6. Bordeaux University Foundation (wd:Q117197454)
7. University of Bordeaux (wd:Q20791505): French university from 1896 to 1971
8. University of Bordeaux 1 (wd:Q13338): former French university founded in 1971, replaced and abolished in 2014
9. prix Montaigne de Bordeaux (wd:Q16671140): French literary prize
10. Bordeaux University Law Library (wd:Q97667454): University law and economics library

[Assistant] The Bordeaux Montaigne University is identified as wd:Q13342 in Wikidata. Now I will search for people who have received an honorary doctorate from this university and the year they received it. I will look for statements related to honorary doctorates with Bordeaux Montaigne University as the awarding institution.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
2. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
3. professorship, also known as professorship position, named professorship, named chair, endowed professorship, chair (wd:P803 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): professorship position held by this academic person, position held
4. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): person who has taught this person, significant person
5. category for employees of the organization, also known as Academic staff, category for employees of the organisation, Professor (wd:P4195 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): Wikimedia category for people who work or worked at this organization
6. UGentMemorialis professor ID, also known as UGent Memorialis ID, UGentMemorialis ID (wd:P3159 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for a professor at the Ghent University
7. doctoral advisor, also known as PhD supervisor, promotor, supervisor, thesis advisor, advisor (wd:P184 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): person who supervised the doctorate or PhD thesis of the subject, supervised by, student of
8. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
9. doctoral student, also known as Ph.D. student, supervisee, supervised doctoral student, doctoral candidate (wd:P185 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): doctoral student(s) of a professor, student
10. rector, also known as chancellor, university president, Rector (academia), president (wd:P1075 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): senior official in an educational institution., director / manager, chairperson

[Assistant] The property "award received" (wdt:P166) is used to indicate awards or recognitions received by a person. Honorary doctorates are typically recorded as awards. I will now search for people who have received an honorary doctorate from Bordeaux Montaigne University using this property and include the year they received it. The year can be found as a qualifier on the award statement, typically using the property "point in time" (wdt:P585). I will construct a query to find these people, the honorary doctorate award, and the year.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] I encountered an error using the SERVICE wikibase:label for labels, which is not supported by the QLever endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label for the person. Also, I need to check if the honorary doctorate award is correctly identified as an instance of the honorary doctorate from Bordeaux Montaigne University. I will first verify the honorary doctorate entity wd:Q55455135 and its relation to Bordeaux Montaigne University.

[Tool]
Got 81 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                | property                                          | object                                            |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | instance of (wdt:P31)                             | award (wd:Q618779)                                |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | country (wdt:P17)                                 | France (wd:Q142)                                  |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                            | honorary doctorate (wd:Q11415564)                 |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | topic's main category (wdt:P910)                  | wd:Q97402146                                      |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | conferred by (wdt:P1027)                          | Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q13342)         |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | category for recipients of this award (wdt:P2517) | wd:Q97402146                                      |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | wdt:P31279                                        | award (wd:Q618779)                                |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | schema:description                                | a francia egyetem kitüntető címe (hu)             |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | schema:name                                       | æresdoktor ved Université Bordeaux Montaigne (nb) |
| honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q55455135) | rdf:type                                          | wikibase:Item                                     |
| ...                                                                    | ...                                               | ...                                               |

[Assistant] The entity wd:Q55455135 represents the honorary doctorate of the Bordeaux Montaigne University. It is an instance of an award and is conferred by Bordeaux Montaigne University (wd:Q13342). I will now construct a SPARQL query to find people who have received this honorary doctorate (wd:Q55455135) as an award (wdt:P166) and include the year they received it (pq:P585). I will also include optional labels for the people and order the results by year.

[Tool]
Got 60 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                   | personLabel                    | year                                |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Manuel Alvar (wd:Q1891429)               | Manuel Alvar (en)              | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ludwig Buisson (wd:Q1563209)             | Ludwig Buisson (en)            | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Christian Adolf Isermeyer (wd:Q15226554) | Christian Adolf Isermeyer (en) | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Richard Hoggart (wd:Q1534871)            | Richard Hoggart (en)           | 1974-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Nicolás Guillén (wd:Q334118)             | Nicolás Guillén (en)           | 1976-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                      | ...                            | ...                                 |
| Kaija Saariaho (wd:Q241432)              | Kaija Saariaho (en)            | 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Richard Dyer (wd:Q7325332)               | Richard Dyer (en)              | 2018-12-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Patricio Guzmán (wd:Q2057315)            | Patricio Guzmán (en)           | 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ibrahima Thioub (wd:Q1656025)            | Ibrahima Thioub (en)           | 2020-01-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Trina Robbins (wd:Q458714)               | Trina Robbins (en)             | 2023-11-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?praenomen ?praenomenLabel ?nativeLabel WHERE {
  ?praenomen wdt:P31 wd:Q1240901 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?praenomen rdfs:label ?nativeLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?nativeLabel ) = "la" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?praenomen rdfs:label ?praenomenLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?praenomenLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?praenomenLabel

Got 82 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| praenomen                 | praenomenLabel | nativeLabel   |
| ------------------------- | -------------- | ------------- |
| Africanus (wd:Q121590608) | Africanus (en) |               |
| Agrippa (wd:Q21485168)    | Agrippa (en)   | Agrippa (la)  |
| Ancus (wd:Q98660919)      | Ancus (en)     | Ancus (la)    |
| Appia (wd:Q107248577)     | Appia (en)     | Appia (la)    |
| Appius (wd:Q4781092)      | Appius (en)    | Appius (la)   |
| ...                       | ...            | ...           |
| Vibia (wd:Q121034155)     | Vibia (en)     |               |
| Vibius (wd:Q7924613)      | Vibius (en)    | Vibius (la)   |
| Volero (wd:Q53858025)     | Volero (en)    | Volero (la)   |
| Volesus (wd:Q7940146)     | Volesus (en)   | Volesus (la)  |
| Vopiscus (wd:Q3273917)    | Vopiscus (en)  | Vopiscus (la) |

Praenomen in ancient Rome are the first aspect of a personal name. Examples of praenomina include Africanus, Agrippa, Ancus, Appia, Appius, Vibia, Vibius, Volero, Volesus, and Vopiscus. Their native labels in Latin (if available) are also provided, such as Agrippa (la), Ancus (la), Appia (la), Appius (la), Vibius (la), Volero (la), Volesus (la), and Vopiscus (la). Some praenomina do not have a native Latin label available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the praenomen in anicent Rome, and what are their native labels (e.g. 'Octavus'), if available?

[Assistant] To answer this question, I need to identify the concept of "praenomen" in ancient Rome. Praenomen refers to the personal first name used by Roman citizens. I will start by searching for the entity "praenomen" in Wikidata to find its identifier. Then, I will look for instances or items that are classified as praenomina in ancient Rome. Finally, I will retrieve their native labels if available.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. praenomen, also known as first names of Romans, Roman first names, Roman given names, Roman praenomen (wd:Q1240901): first aspect of a personal name ancient Rome
2. praenomen, also known as Roman praenomen (wd:P2358): standard part of the name of a Roman (and related cultures), link to items for specific Roman praenomen only
3. Marcus, also known as M., Marcus (praenomen), Marcvs (wd:Q6757977): ancient Roman praenomen
4. Tiberius, also known as Ti., Tib., Tiberius (praenomen) (wd:Q21485162): ancient Roman praenomen
5. A Note on the use of the Praenomen (wd:Q56209493)

[Assistant] The entity "praenomen" in ancient Rome is represented by wd:Q1240901. This entity refers to the first aspect of a personal name in ancient Rome. Now, I will look for instances or items that are classified as praenomina (Roman first names) related to this entity. I will retrieve their native labels if available.

[Tool]
Got 82 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| praenomen                 | praenomenLabel | nativeLabel   |
| ------------------------- | -------------- | ------------- |
| Africanus (wd:Q121590608) | Africanus (en) |               |
| Agrippa (wd:Q21485168)    | Agrippa (en)   | Agrippa (la)  |
| Ancus (wd:Q98660919)      | Ancus (en)     | Ancus (la)    |
| Appia (wd:Q107248577)     | Appia (en)     | Appia (la)    |
| Appius (wd:Q4781092)      | Appius (en)    | Appius (la)   |
| ...                       | ...            | ...           |
| Vibia (wd:Q121034155)     | Vibia (en)     |               |
| Vibius (wd:Q7924613)      | Vibius (en)    | Vibius (la)   |
| Volero (wd:Q53858025)     | Volero (en)    | Volero (la)   |
| Volesus (wd:Q7940146)     | Volesus (en)   | Volesus (la)  |
| Vopiscus (wd:Q3273917)    | Vopiscus (en)  | Vopiscus (la) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?album ?albumLabel ?performer ?performerLabel ?instrument ?instrumentLabel WHERE {
  ?album wdt:P31 wd:Q482994 .
  ?album wdt:P175 ?performer .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?performer wdt:P1303 ?instrument .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?album rdfs:label ?albumLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?albumLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?performer rdfs:label ?performerLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?performerLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?instrument rdfs:label ?instrumentLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?instrumentLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 2.2 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

The query retrieves albums (musical recordings), their performers, and the instruments played by these performers when available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the recordings that feature performers and the instruments they played?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "What are the recordings that feature performers and the instruments they played?" we need to identify the following entities and properties in the knowledge graph:

1. Recordings (likely instances of a musical recording or similar).
2. Performers associated with these recordings.
3. Instruments played by these performers in the context of the recordings.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "recording" in Wikidata.
Step 2: Identify the property that links recordings to performers.
Step 3: Identify the property that links performers to the instruments they played in the context of the recording.

I will start by searching for the entity "recording" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. recording, also known as ⏺, REC (wd:Q13557414): process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format
2. shooting, also known as video recording, shooting a movie, recording video, recording, film shooting (wd:Q4447845): part of filmmaking
3. recording, also known as recordation (wd:Q7302910): system of documenting land titles and interests in a public register
4. Recording (wd:Q31177050): 2017 film
5. record, also known as recording, record unit (wd:Q107435521): physical or digital manifestation of recorded information
6. audio, also known as audio file, audio recording, audio sample, recording, song (wd:P51): relevant sound. If available, use a more specific property. Samples: "spoken text audio" (P989), "pronunciation audio" (P443)
7. recording (wd:L326485)
8. recording (wd:L692212-S1)
9. recording (wd:L692211-S1)
10. recording (wd:L417-F4)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "recording" in the context of music or audio seems to be wd:Q13557414 (recording, process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format) or wd:Q107435521 (record, physical or digital manifestation of recorded information). However, wd:Q13557414 seems more general and process-oriented, while wd:Q107435521 seems to represent the actual recorded item.

Next, I will search for properties that link recordings (wd:Q107435521) to performers. I will search for properties related to "performer" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt/p): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
3. manifestation of, also known as realization of, reification of (wd:P1557 as wdt/p): inherent and characteristic embodiment of a given concept
4. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as wdt/p): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
5. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt/p): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
6. Dictionary of Archives Terminology ID, also known as DAT ID, SAA ID (wd:P11567 as wdt/p): identifier for an entry in the Society of American Archivists' Dictionary of Archives Terminology
7. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as wdt/p): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
8. has cause, also known as implied by, originated due to, initial cause, outcome of, reason (wd:P828 as wdt/p): underlying cause, entity that ultimately resulted in this effect, follows

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "performer" for the entity "record" (wd:Q107435521) did not return a direct property linking recordings to performers. I will try a broader search for properties related to "performer" in general to find a suitable property that might link recordings to performers.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
4. setlist, also known as set list, works performed, songs performed, performances, performance list (wd:P9793 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): performances of songs or other music at an event; concert program, presented works
5. number of representations, also known as shows, performances, number of shows, number of concerts, no. of shows (wd:P5027 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): number of shows (including the premiere) of a concert tour or a performing arts production
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
8. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator
9. Muziekweb performer ID, also known as Muziekweb artist ID, Muziekweb band ID (wd:P5882 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for a performer, composer or band at Muziekweb
10. talk show guest, also known as show guest, podcast guest, participant in talk show, participant in podcast interview, interviewed person (wd:P5030 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): person invited in a talk show, recorded participant

[Assistant]
The property "performer" (wdt:P175) is the most relevant property that links a creative work or musical work to the performer (actor, musician, band, or other performer). This property can be used to link recordings to performers.

Next, I will search for properties that link performers to the instruments they played. I will search for properties related to "instrument" for the entity "performer" or "musician." Since "performer" is a role, I will search for properties related to "instrument" in general.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
2. instrumentation, also known as scoring, scored for, orchestration, instruments employed, orchestrated for (wd:P870 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): combination of musical instruments employed in a composition or accompanying a (folk) dance
3. uses, also known as uses trope, used, using, wielded, wields (wd:P2283 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): item or concept used by the subject or in the operation (see also instrument [P1303] and armament [P520])
4. orchestration, also known as scoring, score notation, orchestration notation, orchestration in notated form, notated scoring (wd:P11862 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): an enumeration of the instruments used in a musical composition or arrangement described using any system of score notation
5. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
6. music transcriber, also known as transcriber of music, notation writer, music notation writer, musical transcriber, musical notation writer (wd:P9260 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): person who transcribed a musical work into musical notation; for composers of music, use P86, creator
7. issuing agent of work, also known as work issued by, organ of, official publication of, official organ of, official journal of (wd:P9901 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): organization, agency, or other entity responsible for issuing a ...f the entity; distinct from commercial publisher of the resource
8. produced sound, also known as call, makes call, makes sound, sound, sound emitted (wd:P4733 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): item for the sound generated by the subject, for instance the cry of an animal
9. MusicBrainz instrument ID, also known as MBinst, MBID instrument, instrument MBID (wd:P1330 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): identifier for an instrument on the music encyclopedia MusicBrainz
10. has melody, also known as uses tune, to the tune of, uses melody, TTTO, has tune (wd:P1625 as pq/pqn/psv/p/wdt/pqv/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/psn/prn): this work has the melody of the following work, references work, tradition or theory

[Assistant]
The property "instrument" (wdt:P1303) is the most relevant property that indicates the musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or uses in a music occupation.

Now, I need to check if there is a way to link the instrument played by a performer specifically in the context of a recording. This might be represented as a qualifier or a more specific property. I will check the statements for the property "performer" (wdt:P175) on a known recording to see if there is a qualifier or related property indicating the instrument played. For this, I will first find a known recording with performers.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. recording, also known as ⏺, REC (wd:Q13557414): process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format
2. shooting, also known as video recording, shooting a movie, recording video, recording, film shooting (wd:Q4447845): part of filmmaking
3. recording, also known as recordation (wd:Q7302910): system of documenting land titles and interests in a public register
4. Recording (wd:Q31177050): 2017 film
5. record, also known as recording, record unit (wd:Q107435521): physical or digital manifestation of recorded information
6. audio, also known as audio file, audio recording, audio sample, recording, song (wd:P51): relevant sound. If available, use a more specific property. Samples: "spoken text audio" (P989), "pronunciation audio" (P443)
7. recording (wd:L326485)
8. recording (wd:L692212-S1)
9. recording (wd:L692211-S1)
10. recording (wd:L417-F4)

[Assistant] I will now try to find an example recording with performers using the property "performer" (wdt:P175) to see if there are qualifiers or related properties indicating the instrument played by the performer in the context of the recording. I will query for recordings with performers.

[Tool] Got no rows and 4 columns

[Assistant] No recordings of type "record" (wd:Q107435521) with performers linked by property "performer" (wdt:P175) were found in the sample query. I will try a broader approach by looking for any entity with performers and then check if it is a recording or musical work. I will query for entities with performers and check their types.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 6 columns:
| work                            | workLabel             | performer                      | performerLabel        | type                                        | typeLabel                        |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Jaguar (wd:Q28035988)           | Jaguar (en)           | Jackson Stein (wd:Q24574625)   | Jackson Stein (en)    | anthropomorphic Pantherinae (wd:Q100052008) | anthropomorphic Pantherinae (en) |
| Panther Caroso (wd:Q14429586)   | Panther Caroso (en)   | David Scully (wd:Q1707339)     | David Scully (en)     | anthropomorphic panther (wd:Q100052562)     | anthropomorphic panther (en)     |
| Panther Caroso (wd:Q14429586)   | Panther Caroso (en)   | Tetsu Inada (wd:Q1206700)      | Tetsu Inada (en)      | anthropomorphic panther (wd:Q100052562)     | anthropomorphic panther (en)     |
| Mr. Manchas (wd:Q24652452)      | Mr. Manchas (en)      | Jesse Corti (wd:Q1271923)      | Jesse Corti (en)      | anthropomorphic panther (wd:Q100052562)     | anthropomorphic panther (en)     |
| Panther Caroso (wd:Q14429586)   | Panther Caroso (en)   | Eric Newsome (wd:Q21036155)    | Eric Newsome (en)     | anthropomorphic panther (wd:Q100052562)     | anthropomorphic panther (en)     |
| Fabienne Growley (wd:Q28035916) | Fabienne Growley (en) | Fabienne Rawley (wd:Q24451479) | Fabienne Rawley (en)  | anthropomorphic panther (wd:Q100052562)     | anthropomorphic panther (en)     |
| Panther King (wd:Q50895497)     | Panther King (en)     | Chris Seavor (wd:Q5108009)     | Chris Seavor (en)     | anthropomorphic panther (wd:Q100052562)     | anthropomorphic panther (en)     |
| Bane (wd:Q158940)               | Bane (en)             | Robert Swenson (wd:Q1686219)   | Robert Swenson (en)   | anthropomorphic jaguar (wd:Q100052791)      | anthropomorphic jaguar (en)      |
| Gia (wd:Q107417299)             | Gia (en)              | Jessica Chastain (wd:Q229313)  | Jessica Chastain (en) | anthropomorphic jaguar (wd:Q100052791)      | anthropomorphic jaguar (en)      |
| Bane (wd:Q158940)               | Bane (en)             | Tom Hardy (wd:Q208026)         | Tom Hardy (en)        | anthropomorphic jaguar (wd:Q100052791)      | anthropomorphic jaguar (en)      |

[Assistant]
The query results show that the entities with performers are mostly anthropomorphic animals, not recordings or musical works. This indicates that the property "performer" (wdt:P175) is used in a broader context and not specifically for recordings in these cases.

I will now try to find a more specific entity type for musical recordings or albums and check if they have performers linked. I will search for subclasses of "musical recording" or "album" and then check for performers.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Musical Recordings (wd:Q58160486): 2009 scholarly article by Andrew Kania published in Philosophy Compass
2. Drag: The Musical – The Studio Recording (wd:Q111913399): 2022 studio album by Alaska Thunderfuck
3. Tom Jones: The Original Musical Cast Recording (wd:Q108006439): Album of the musical version of Tom Jones
4. musical, also known as musical play, stage musical, musical theatre, musical theater, lyric drama (wd:Q2743): stage work that combines songs, music, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance
5. recording, also known as ⏺, REC (wd:Q13557414): process of capturing data or translating information to a recording format
6. shooting, also known as video recording, shooting a movie, recording video, recording, film shooting (wd:Q4447845): part of filmmaking
7. recording, also known as recordation (wd:Q7302910): system of documenting land titles and interests in a public register
8. Recording (wd:Q31177050): 2017 film
9. MusicAL (wd:Q6941391): Albanian television channel
10. Billy Elliot The Musical – Original Cast Recording, also known as Original Cast Recording – Billy Elliot The Musical (wd:Q20671906): 2005 original cast recording album

[Assistant] The entity "Musical Recordings" (wd:Q58160486) appears to be a scholarly article, not the entity type we want. I will try searching for "album" as it is a common type of musical recording.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. album, also known as full album, record album, music album, full-length album, audio album (wd:Q482994): grouping of album releases by an artist usually released at the ...racks but in different formats for consumption (digital, CD, LP)
2. album, also known as scrapbook (wd:Q1173065): book with pages used for assembling and presenting a collection,...blished sets of pages that are bound or loose-leaf and annotated
3. album (wd:Q2288488): board chalked or painted white, on which decrees, edicts and other public notices were inscribed in black in ancient Rome
4. Album (wd:Q531318): 1994 album by Quorthon
5. Album (wd:Q23925073): 2016 film by Mehmet Can Mertoğlu
6. Album (wd:Q1411632): 1983 album by Joan Jett
7. Album, also known as Cassette, Compact Disc (wd:Q1942675): 1986 album by Public Image Ltd
8. Álbum (wd:Q6172625): 2006 studio album by Lu
9. Album, also known as 82876 650 512 (wd:Q146378): 2004 studio album by Brodka a.k.a. Monika Brodka
10. Album (wd:Q4712765): 2002 Tamil film directed by Vasanthabalan

[Assistant] The entity "album" (wd:Q482994) is the relevant entity type for a music album or recording. I will now check if albums have performers linked using the property "performer" (wdt:P175).

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| album                               | albumLabel                | performer                      | performerLabel        |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Dollie de Luxe (wd:Q11965864)       | Dollie de Luxe (en)       | Dollie de Luxe (wd:Q1000342)   | Dollie de Luxe (en)   |
| Rampelys (wd:Q11997049)             | Rampelys (en)             | Dollie de Luxe (wd:Q1000342)   | Dollie de Luxe (en)   |
| First Act (wd:Q21481846)            | First Act (en)            | Dollie de Luxe (wd:Q1000342)   | Dollie de Luxe (en)   |
| Første akt (wd:Q17775682)           | Første akt (en)           | Dollie de Luxe (wd:Q1000342)   | Dollie de Luxe (en)   |
| Nirvana (wd:Q17487907)              | Nirvana (en)              | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) | Bucky Pizzarelli (en) |
| Elegiac (wd:Q17487904)              | Elegiac (en)              | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) | Bucky Pizzarelli (en) |
| Zoot Sims and Friend (wd:Q17487924) | Zoot Sims and Friend (en) | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) | Bucky Pizzarelli (en) |
| Strike Up the Band (wd:Q17487921)   | Strike Up the Band (en)   | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) | Bucky Pizzarelli (en) |
| Oh' Lady Be Good (wd:Q16960005)     | Oh' Lady Be Good (en)     | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) | Bucky Pizzarelli (en) |
| April Kisses (wd:Q4782041)          | April Kisses (en)         | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) | Bucky Pizzarelli (en) |

[Assistant] Albums (wd:Q482994) have performers linked by the property "performer" (wdt:P175). Now, I will check if there is a qualifier or related property indicating the instrument played by the performer in the context of the album. I will check the statements for the property "performer" (wdt:P175) on one of these albums, e.g., "Nirvana" (wd:Q17487907).

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property             | object                         |
| ---------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Nirvana (wd:Q17487907) | performer (wdt:P175) | Buddy Rich (wd:Q318339)        |
| Nirvana (wd:Q17487907) | performer (wdt:P175) | Zoot Sims (wd:Q12344256)       |
| Nirvana (wd:Q17487907) | performer (wdt:P175) | Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) |

[Assistant]
The album "Nirvana" (wd:Q17487907) has performers linked by the property "performer" (wdt:P175), but this property does not show qualifiers or related properties indicating the instrument played by the performer.

I will now check the properties of one of the performers, e.g., Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366), to see if there is a property indicating the instrument they played.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as wdt/p): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as wdt/p): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt/p): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt/p): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
6. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. discography, also known as discography link, recording catalog (wd:P358 as wdt/p): item for list pages with discography of artist or band, list of works
9. record label, also known as label, labels (wd:P264 as wdt/p): brand and trademark associated with the marketing of subject music recordings and music videos
10. Grove Music Online ID, also known as Grove Music Online identifier, GMO identifier, GMO ID (wd:P8591 as wdtn/wdt/p): identifier of a topic in Grove Music Online

No other items found

[Assistant]
The performer Bucky Pizzarelli (wd:Q1000366) has the property "instrument" (wdt:P1303) which indicates the musical instrument that the person plays or teaches or uses in a music occupation.

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve albums, their performers, and the instruments played by these performers.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?mainSubject ?mainSubjectLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q116738730 wdt:P921 ?mainSubject .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?mainSubject rdfs:label ?mainSubjectLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?mainSubjectLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 23 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| mainSubject                                  | mainSubjectLabel                   |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Cyclocephala latericia (wd:Q14868220)        | Cyclocephala latericia (en)        |
| Cyclocephala flavoscutellaris (wd:Q14868240) | Cyclocephala flavoscutellaris (en) |
| Cyclocephala alutacea (wd:Q14868252)         | Cyclocephala alutacea (en)         |
| Cyclocephala quadripunctata (wd:Q14868271)   | Cyclocephala quadripunctata (en)   |
| Cyclocephala rorulenta (wd:Q14868280)        | Cyclocephala rorulenta (en)        |
| ...                                          | ...                                |
| Cyclocephala simulatrix (wd:Q14868443)       | Cyclocephala simulatrix (en)       |
| Cyclocephala tylifera (wd:Q14868453)         | Cyclocephala tylifera (en)         |
| Cyclocephala cearae (wd:Q14868473)           | Cyclocephala cearae (en)           |
| Cyclocephala atricapilla (wd:Q14868483)      | Cyclocephala atricapilla (en)      |
| Mimeoma signatoides (wd:Q14871754)           | Mimeoma signatoides (en)           |

The main subjects of the scientific paper titled "Neue Cyclocephalen (Col. Dyn.)" published in 1923 are various species of Cyclocephala beetles, including Cyclocephala latericia, Cyclocephala flavoscutellaris, Cyclocephala alutacea, Cyclocephala quadripunctata, Cyclocephala rorulenta, Cyclocephala simulatrix, Cyclocephala tylifera, Cyclocephala cearae, Cyclocephala atricapilla, and Mimeoma signatoides.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the main subjects of the scientific paper titled "Neue Cyclocephalen (Col. Dyn.)" published in 1923?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to find the scientific paper titled "Neue Cyclocephalen (Col. Dyn.)" published in 1923 in Wikidata and then retrieve its main subjects.

Step 1: Search for the paper entity by its title "Neue Cyclocephalen (Col. Dyn.)".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Neue Cyclocephalen (Col. Dyn.) (wd:Q116738730): scientific paper published in 1923
2. Neue Dynastiden (Col.) (wd:Q116738788): scientific paper published in 1923
3. Neue sudamerikanische Dynastiden. (Col.) (wd:Q56089961): scientific article published in 1910
4. Neue Dynastinen-Formen (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) (wd:Q113356458): scientific article published on 06 July 2007
5. Neue brasilianische Dynastinen. (Col. lamelL) (wd:Q107078290): scientific article
6. Neue Dynastinen aus Amerika (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) (wd:Q54646746): scholarly article by Sebastian Endrödi published in April 2008
7. Neue Dynastinen aus Amerika (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) (wd:Q113356352): scientific article published on 06 July 2007
8. Drei Neue Dynastinen (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) Aus Amerika (wd:Q112037087): scientific article published on 12 July 2010
9. Neue Erotylidae. (Col.) (wd:Q56089832): scientific article published in 1910
10. Neue Erotyliden. (Col.) (wd:Q56089637): scientific article published in 1908

[Assistant] I found the scientific paper "Neue Cyclocephalen (Col. Dyn.)" with the entity ID wd:Q116738730. Now I will retrieve the main subjects of this paper. The main subject is usually linked by the property "main subject" (wdt:P921). I will query for the main subjects of this paper.

[Tool]
Got 23 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| mainSubject                                  | mainSubjectLabel                   |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Cyclocephala latericia (wd:Q14868220)        | Cyclocephala latericia (en)        |
| Cyclocephala flavoscutellaris (wd:Q14868240) | Cyclocephala flavoscutellaris (en) |
| Cyclocephala alutacea (wd:Q14868252)         | Cyclocephala alutacea (en)         |
| Cyclocephala quadripunctata (wd:Q14868271)   | Cyclocephala quadripunctata (en)   |
| Cyclocephala rorulenta (wd:Q14868280)        | Cyclocephala rorulenta (en)        |
| ...                                          | ...                                |
| Cyclocephala simulatrix (wd:Q14868443)       | Cyclocephala simulatrix (en)       |
| Cyclocephala tylifera (wd:Q14868453)         | Cyclocephala tylifera (en)         |
| Cyclocephala cearae (wd:Q14868473)           | Cyclocephala cearae (en)           |
| Cyclocephala atricapilla (wd:Q14868483)      | Cyclocephala atricapilla (en)      |
| Mimeoma signatoides (wd:Q14871754)           | Mimeoma signatoides (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process