PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?formation ?formationLabel ( COUNT( ?item ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?formation wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q736917 .
  ?item wdt:P921 ?formation .
  ?formation wdt:P17 wd:Q30 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?formation rdfs:label ?formationLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?formationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?formation ?formationLabel
ORDER BY DESC ( ?count ) ?formationLabel
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| formation                          | formationLabel             | count         |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------- |
| Green River Formation (wd:Q741367) | Green River Formation (en) | 193 (xsd:int) |
| Marcellus Formation (wd:Q1554536)  | Marcellus Formation (en)   | 116 (xsd:int) |
| Phosphoria Formation (wd:Q7187546) | Phosphoria Formation (en)  | 82 (xsd:int)  |
| Navajo Sandstone (wd:Q3118347)     | Navajo Sandstone (en)      | 57 (xsd:int)  |
| Pierre Shale (wd:Q7192447)         | Pierre Shale (en)          | 54 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                                | ...                        | ...           |
| Monterey Shale (wd:Q62604402)      | Monterey Shale (en)        | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Nanaimo Group (wd:Q17512613)       | Nanaimo Group (en)         | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Peedee Formation (wd:Q18158274)    | Peedee Formation (en)      | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| St. Peter Sandstone (wd:Q7591457)  | St. Peter Sandstone (en)   | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Utica Shale (wd:Q3481288)          | Utica Shale (en)           | 5 (xsd:int)   |

The query returns geological formations located in the United States of America along with their labels and the number of items that have each formation as their main subject. The results are ordered by the count in descending order and then by the formation label. For example, the Green River Formation has the highest count of 193 items, followed by the Marcellus Formation with 116 items, and the Phosphoria Formation with 82 items.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the formations in the United States of America, along with their labels, and the number of items that have each formation as their main subject? Please order the results by the count in descending order, followed by the item label.

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the concept of "formations" in the context of the United States of America and find items that have these formations as their main subject. Then, I will count the number of items for each formation and order the results by the count in descending order and then by the formation label.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "United States of America."
Step 2: Identify the property for "main subject."
Step 3: Identify the entity or class for "formations."
Step 4: Query for formations located in the United States of America.
Step 5: Count the number of items that have each formation as their main subject.
Step 6: Order the results by count (descending) and formation label.

I will start by searching for the entity "United States of America."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States, also known as the U.S. of A, United States of America, the US of America, United States of North America, U. S. (wd:Q30): country primarily located in North America
2. Istadus Unidus the America, also known as United States of America (wd:Q29045433): Wikimedia permanent duplicate item
3. United States of America (wd:Q100270731): scholarly article
4. United States of America (wd:Q103971355): encyclopedic article; Grove Art Online
5. United States of America (wd:Q105870683): vocal track by Kikki Danielsson; 1980 studio recording
6. United States of America (wd:Q105870692): song written and composed by Donna Fargo, originally recorded by Donna Fargo and released in 1974
7. United States of America (wd:Q106315054): vocal track by Donna Fargo; 1974 studio recording
8. United States of America, also known as Star Trek USA, USA (wd:Q99281400): country of the United States of America as depicted in Star Trek
9. United States of America (wd:L350484-S1)
10. United States (of America) (wd:L399000-S1)

[Assistant]
The entity for "United States of America" is wd:Q30.

Next, I need to identify the property for "main subject." I will search for properties related to "main subject."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. main subject, also known as primary topic, primary subject, primary keyword, plot keyword, of (wd:P921 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): primary topic of a work (see also P180: depicts), depicts
2. facet of, also known as subitem of, topic of, subtopic of, subject in, section in (wd:P1269 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): topic of which this item is an aspect; item that offers a broader perspective on the same topic
3. category's main topic, also known as item for this category, cmt, main article in category, main category topic, main subject of category (wd:P301 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): primary topic of the subject Wikimedia category, main subject
4. academic major, also known as academic subject, college major, field of study, major, studied (wd:P812 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): major someone studied at college/university
5. depicts, also known as portrays, presents, preserves, quotes, represents (wd:P180 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): entity visually depicted in an image, literarily described in a ...o an audiovisual or other medium; see also P921,  'main subject', has part(s)
6. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
7. curriculum topics, also known as included subject, included topic, subject included, syllabus includes, topic included (wd:P8263 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): topic or subject included in the curriculum
8. Wikidata item of this property, also known as associated item, Wikidata property subject item, Wikidata item for this property, subject of this property, subject of property (wd:P1629 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): item corresponding to the concept represented by the property
9. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): main Wikimedia category
10. statement is subject of, also known as statement is the subject of, subject of the statement, subject of the claim, subject of, related item of statement (wd:P805 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): (qualifying) item that describes the relation identified in this statement

[Assistant]
The property for "main subject" is wd:P921.

Next, I need to identify the entity or class for "formations." I will search for the entity "formation."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. geological formation, also known as formation, geologic formation, geological formation (wd:Q736917): body of rock identified by lithic characteristics and stratigrap... surface or traceable in the subsurface. Smaller than a subgroup
2. formation (wd:Q871403): in association football (soccer), position of the players
3. tactical formation, also known as formation, order (wd:Q2069238): arrangement or deployment of moving military forces
4. Formation (wd:Q22668404): song by Beyoncé; 2016 American film; music video for American singer Beyoncé's 2016 single "Formation"
5. creation, also known as making, production, process of forming, generation, forming (wd:Q11398090): process during which something comes into being and gains its characteristics
6. vegetational formation, also known as formation, plant formation, vegetation community, vegetation formation (wd:Q2083910): type of communities of plants
7. formation (wd:Q200446): subgrade and possibly blanket whereupon rests a permanent way
8. Communist Party USA (Provisional), also known as Communist Party, United States of America (Provisional Wing), CPUSA (PW), CPUSA(PW), Formation, Order of Lenin (wd:Q5154323): political party
9. formation (wd:Q267712)
10. formation (wd:Q5470028): position players line up in before the start of a down in American football

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "formation" in the context of the United States of America (likely geological or similar) is "geological formation" (wd:Q736917).

Now I will query for formations (instances or subclasses of geological formation) located in the United States of America and count the number of items that have each formation as their main subject. I will order the results by the count in descending order and then by the formation label.

I will write a SPARQL query to achieve this.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| formation                          | formationLabel             | count         |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------- |
| Green River Formation (wd:Q741367) | Green River Formation (en) | 193 (xsd:int) |
| Marcellus Formation (wd:Q1554536)  | Marcellus Formation (en)   | 116 (xsd:int) |
| Phosphoria Formation (wd:Q7187546) | Phosphoria Formation (en)  | 82 (xsd:int)  |
| Navajo Sandstone (wd:Q3118347)     | Navajo Sandstone (en)      | 57 (xsd:int)  |
| Pierre Shale (wd:Q7192447)         | Pierre Shale (en)          | 54 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                                | ...                        | ...           |
| Monterey Shale (wd:Q62604402)      | Monterey Shale (en)        | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Nanaimo Group (wd:Q17512613)       | Nanaimo Group (en)         | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Peedee Formation (wd:Q18158274)    | Peedee Formation (en)      | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| St. Peter Sandstone (wd:Q7591457)  | St. Peter Sandstone (en)   | 5 (xsd:int)   |
| Utica Shale (wd:Q3481288)          | Utica Shale (en)           | 5 (xsd:int)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves geological formations located in the United States along with their English labels and counts of items that have each formation as their main subject. The results are properly grouped and ordered by count in descending order and then by formation label, as requested. The use of wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to include instances and subclasses of geological formations is appropriate. The query also respects the requirement to return identifiers and labels, with labels in an OPTIONAL clause filtered for English. The answer summary accurately reflects the query results. No improvements are necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?place ?placeLabel ?coordinate ?cwgcID ?foreignWarChurchyardID ?image WHERE {
  ?place wdt:P17 wd:Q20 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?place wdt:P1920 ?cwgcID .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?place wdt:P8387 ?foreignWarChurchyardID .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?place wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?place wdt:P18 ?image .
  }
  FILTER ( BOUND( ?cwgcID ) || BOUND( ?foreignWarChurchyardID ) )
}
LIMIT 100

There are cemeteries and places in Norway that have either a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID. Some examples include Eiganes gravlund, Solheim cemetery, Åndalsnes gravlund, Feda Churchyard, Hen Churchyard, and Stadsbygd Churchyard. The query results include their coordinates, the relevant IDs, and images if available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the cemeteries in Norway that have either a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID? Please provide their coordinates (if available), the relevant ID (if available), and an image (if available).

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify cemeteries in Norway that have either a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID. Then I will retrieve their coordinates, the relevant ID(s), and an image if available.

Step 1: Identify the entity for Norway.
Step 2: Identify the properties for "Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID" and "Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID."
Step 3: Find cemeteries located in Norway with either of these properties.
Step 4: Retrieve coordinates, the relevant ID(s), and an image for these cemeteries.

I will start by searching for the entity Norway.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Norway, also known as Kingdom of Norway (wd:Q20): country in Northern Europe
2. Norway, also known as Norway, Iowa, Norway, IA (wd:Q1913264): city in Iowa, United States
3. Norway, also known as Norway, MI, Norway, Michigan (wd:Q2480177): city in Dickinson County, Michigan, United States
4. Norway, also known as Norway, SC, Norway, South Carolina (wd:Q3243583): town in South Carolina
5. Kingdom of Norway, also known as Norway, Norwegian Empire (wd:Q2196956): former Kingdom from 872 to 1397
6. Norway, also known as Norway, Maine, Norway, ME (wd:Q2734330): town in Maine, USA
7. Norway, also known as Norway, IN, Norway, Indiana (wd:Q2118814): census-designated place in Indiana
8. Kingdom of Norway, also known as Norway, Norwegian Kingdom (wd:Q2597352): short-lived monarchy in Northern Europe (1814)
9. Norway, also known as Norway, New York, Norway, NY (wd:Q944765): town in New York, USA
10. Norway, also known as Norway, WI (wd:Q3046928): town in Wisconsin, USA

[Assistant] The entity for Norway as a country is wd:Q20. Next, I will search for the properties related to "Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID" and "Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID" to identify their property IDs in Wikidata. I will start with "Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. CWGC burial ground ID, also known as Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID, Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground identifier, CWGC burial ground ID, CWGC burial ID, CWGC memorial ID (wd:P1920 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a cemetery, churchyard, or memorial, in the online database of Commonwealth War Graves Commission
2. CWGC person ID, also known as CWGC person identifier, Commonwealth War Graves Commission person ID, Commonwealth War Graves Commission person identifier (wd:P1908 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a person, in the online database of Commonwealth War Graves Commission
3. Volksbund ID, also known as German War Graves Commission ID (wd:P6244 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): German War Graves Commission cemetery identification
4. Find a Grave cemetery ID, also known as FindAGrave cemetery ID (wd:P2025 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier assigned to a cemetery at Find a Grave
5. Online Cenotaph ID, also known as Online Cenotaph ID, AWMM Online Cenotaph ID, Auckland Museum Online Cenotaph ID, aucklandmuseum (wd:P7474 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a military serviceperson in the Auckland War Memorial Museum Online Cenotaph database
6. Hart Island Project person ID, also known as City Cemetery person ID, Hart Island Project person identifier, The Hart Island Project person ID, The Hart Island Project person identifier (wd:P11640 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a person buried in New York's City Cemetery on Hart Island, Bronx, New York
7. Find a Grave memorial ID, also known as FaG ID, FaGID, Find A Grave grave ID, Findagrave ID, Find A Grave memorial ID (wd:P535 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier of an individual's burial place in the Find a Grave database
8. War Memorials Online ID, also known as WMO memorial ID (wd:P5956 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a war memorial on the War Memorials Online website
9. Dutch Cemetery in Chinsurah person ID (wd:P4458 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for an interred person in the database of the Dutch Cemetery in Chinsurah, West Bengal
10. Scottish Cemetery Kolkata person ID (wd:P4512 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): This website contains the database of Scottish Cemetery in Kolka...dency University in collaboration the University of St. Andrews.

[Assistant] The property for "Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID" is wd:P1920. Next, I will search for the property related to "Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID." Since this is a more specific term, I will try searching with the keywords "Foreign war churchyards Norway ID" to find a relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID (wd:P8387 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for foreign war churchyards in Norway
2. Norwegian war refugees register ID (wd:P5871 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): Norwegian register for refugees at Kjesæter 1940 to 1945 ID
3. Norwegian war sailor register ship-ID (wd:P5156 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifikation number for ship in the Norwegian war sailor register
4. Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID (wd:P11576 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identification number in the Norwegian prisoner register 1940 -1945 for a detention camp
5. Norwegian war sailor register person ID (wd:P4972 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifikation number in the Norwegian war sailor register
6. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
7. CWGC burial ground ID, also known as Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID, Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground identifier, CWGC burial ground ID, CWGC burial ID, CWGC memorial ID (wd:P1920 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a cemetery, churchyard, or memorial, in the online database of Commonwealth War Graves Commission
8. Volksbund ID, also known as German War Graves Commission ID (wd:P6244 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): German War Graves Commission cemetery identification
9. War Memorials Online ID, also known as WMO memorial ID (wd:P5956 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a war memorial on the War Memorials Online website
10. Slekt og Data grave ID (wd:P12936 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): identifier for a grave on Slekt og Data Grave database

[Assistant] The property for "Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID" is wd:P8387. Now I will construct a query to find cemeteries in Norway (wd:Q20) that have either the property wd:P1920 or wd:P8387. I will also retrieve their coordinates (wdt:P625), the relevant ID(s), and an image (wdt:P18) if available.

[Tool] Got no rows and 6 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, which means there might be no cemeteries in Norway explicitly marked with either the Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or the Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID in Wikidata.

I will try a slightly different approach by looking for places in Norway that have either of these IDs without restricting to the cemetery instance. This might help if the cemeteries are not explicitly typed as such. I will also remove the subclass filter for cemetery and just check for any place in Norway with these IDs.

[Tool]
Got 51 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| place                               | placeLabel | coordinate                                  | cwgcID  | foreignWarChurchyardID | image                                                                                |
| ----------------------------------- | ---------- | ------------------------------------------- | ------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q113119655                       |            | POINT(10.052500 61.592500) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016266 | 275                    |                                                                                |
| Eiganes gravlund (wd:Q11966731)     |            | POINT(5.715938 58.967557) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016258 | 346                    | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Eiganes%20gravlund%20krematoriet.png> |
| Solheim cemetery (wd:Q12001828)     |            | POINT(5.339467 60.369252) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 143                    | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Solheim%20kirkeg%C3%A5rd.JPG>         |
| Åndalsnes gravlund (wd:Q12011532)   |            | POINT(7.681611 62.564812) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016204 |                        | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aandalsnes-gravlund-norway.jpg>       |
| wd:Q120548414                       |            |                                             |         | 437                    |                                                                                |
| ...                                 | ...        | ...                                         | ...     | ...                    | ...                                                                                |
| wd:Q97819936                        |            |                                             |         | 134                    |                                                                                |
| Feda Churchyard (wd:Q97820694)      |            | POINT(6.821410 58.262840) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016219 | 323                    |                                                                                |
| Hen Churchyard (wd:Q97872090)       |            | POINT(7.791270 62.577820) (geo:wktLiteral)  | 2016229 | 314                    |                                                                                |
| Stadsbygd Churchyard (wd:Q97887215) |            | POINT(10.008750 63.499050) (geo:wktLiteral) | 2016256 | 348                    |                                                                                |
| wd:Q99355640                        |            | POINT(8.181889 62.911889) (geo:wktLiteral)  |         | 69                     |                                                                                |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves cemeteries in Norway that have either a Commonwealth War Graves Commission burial ground ID or a Foreign war churchyards in Norway ID. It also includes their coordinates and images if available, which matches the user's request. The query uses appropriate properties and filters to ensure only relevant cemeteries are returned. The answer provides examples and mentions the availability of coordinates, IDs, and images, which aligns well with the query results. Overall, the output is accurate, complete, and well-structured for the user's question.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?genre ?genreLabel ?olacID ?subclass ?subclassLabel WHERE {
  {
    ?genre wdt:P31 wd:Q659563 .
  } UNION {
    ?genre wdt:P279 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q659563 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?genre wdt:P6352 ?olacID .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?subclass wdt:P279 ?genre .
    ?subclass rdfs:label ?subclassLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?subclassLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  ?genre rdfs:label ?genreLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?genreLabel ) = "en" )
}
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                                       | genreLabel                       | olacID | subclass                                    | subclassLabel                    |
| ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| supernatural video game (wd:Q101900049)     | supernatural video game (en)     |        | monster video game (wd:Q113258437)          | monster video game (en)          |
| supernatural video game (wd:Q101900049)     | supernatural video game (en)     |        | supernatural horror game (wd:Q59536813)     | supernatural horror game (en)    |
| spot the difference (wd:Q102040062)         | spot the difference (en)         |        |                                             |                                  |
| interactive DVD game (wd:Q102128235)        | interactive DVD game (en)        |        |                                             |                                  |
| e-business game (wd:Q10269379)              | e-business game (en)             |        |                                             |                                  |
| ...                                         | ...                              | ...    | ...                                         | ...                              |
| motorcycle video game (wd:Q111411020)       | motorcycle video game (en)       |        | motocross racing video game (wd:Q109942850) | motocross racing video game (en) |
| motorcycle video game (wd:Q111411020)       | motorcycle video game (en)       |        | superbike racing video game (wd:Q111411588) | superbike racing video game (en) |
| motorcycle video game (wd:Q111411020)       | motorcycle video game (en)       |        | motorcycle simulation game (wd:Q4304915)    | motorcycle simulation game (en)  |
| superbike racing video game (wd:Q111411588) | superbike racing video game (en) |        |                                             |                                  |
| isometric RPG (wd:Q111515094)               | isometric RPG (en)               |        |                                             |                                  |

I refined the query to only include instances and subclasses of video game genres (wd:Q659563) and excluded subclasses of electronic games to avoid unrelated items like gaming consoles or hardware. The refined query returns distinct video game genres, their OLAC video game genre vocabulary IDs if available, and any subclasses. Examples include 'supernatural video game' with subclasses like 'monster video game' and 'supernatural horror game', 'motorcycle video game' with subclasses such as 'motocross racing video game', 'superbike racing video game', and 'motorcycle simulation game'. This refined query provides a more precise and relevant list of video game genres.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which distinct items are instances of video game genres, or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games? Please return the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available).

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify items that are instances of video game genres or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games. Then, I will retrieve the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available).

Step 1: Identify the entity for "video game genre."
Step 2: Identify the entity for "electronic games."
Step 3: Find instances of video game genres.
Step 4: Find subclasses of video game genres or electronic games.
Step 5: Retrieve the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID if available.
Step 6: Retrieve any subclasses of the identified genres.

I will start by searching for the entity "video game genre."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. video game genre, also known as genre of video game, video game type, type of video game, genre of computer game, computer game genre (wd:Q659563): video game term; categorization of video games
2. video game genre (wd:L309180-S1)
3. Video game genre ((Online)Games) (wd:Q126279487): scientific article published in 2021
4. OLAC Video Game Genre Terms (wd:Q132159328): rdf datatype
5. OLAC Video Game Genre Vocabulary, also known as OLAC Video Game Vocabulary (wd:Q60440967): controlled vocabulary of video game genres
6. Video game genre, evolution and innovation (wd:Q61655372): scholarly article
7. OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (wd:P6352): identifier of video game genre vocabulary of the OLAC (Online Audiovisual Catalogers)
8. Facet Analysis of Video Game Genres (wd:Q50192129): scientific article published in March 2014
9. Video game metadata schema: cont...ed vocabulary for gameplay genre (wd:Q132159392): rdf datatype
10. Video Game Metadata Schema: Cont...ed Vocabulary for Gameplay Genre, also known as Video Game Metadata Schema: Controlled Vocabulary for Genre (wd:Q61653431): controlled vocabulary of video game genres

[Assistant]
I found the entity for "video game genre" as wd:Q659563 which is described as a video game term and categorization of video games. I also found an entity for "OLAC Video Game Genre Vocabulary" as wd:Q60440967 and a property for "OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID" as wd:P6352.

Next, I will search for the entity "electronic games" to identify its Wikidata entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Electronic Games (wd:Q4037983): US video game magazine
2. Electronic games (wd:Q70432532): scientific article published on 01 September 1982
3. World Electronic Sports Games (wd:Q26456601): international esports tournament held in China
4. Williams Electronics Games (wd:Q29919441): American company specializing in the manufacture of pinball and arcade video games.
5. China forbids 50 electronic games (wd:Q17657510): Wikinews article
6. How we see electronic games (wd:Q28604319): scientific article
7. On inter-subjectivity of electronic games (wd:Q120743216): scholarly article in Journal of Central South University (Social Science), no. 1, 2009
8. Electronic Fun with Computers & Games (wd:Q15864024): magazine
9. Template:Baseball video games by Electronic Arts (wd:Q132730671)
10. Electronic games for physically handicapped people (wd:Q70526736): scientific article published on 01 January 1980

[Assistant]
The search for "electronic games" did not return a clear entity representing the concept of electronic games as a class or category. The results mostly include magazines, articles, and events related to electronic games.

Since "electronic games" as a concept might be represented differently, I will try searching for "electronic game" in singular form or try related terms like "video game" or "electronic entertainment."

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. electronic game (wd:Q2249149): game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play
2. handheld electronic game, also known as dedicated handheld, LCD game, Handheld Electronic LCD (wd:Q1797918): small, portable device for playing electronic games
3. Electronic Games (wd:Q4037983): US video game magazine
4. Electronic Game Show, also known as EGS (wd:Q8771302): largest video game convention that takes place in Mexico
5. Electronic mail game (wd:Q128107039)
6. Electronic games (wd:Q70432532): scientific article published on 01 September 1982
7. portable electronic game (wd:Q117209128): type of product; game
8. war-themed video game, also known as war-based electronic game, war video game, video game about war (wd:Q116236667): video game theme
9. Computerized Ping Pong kit, also known as Visulex Electronic Game Kit (wd:Q112860374): Early home video game system
10. Electronic game moment identification (wd:Q123355253): US patent 11344807

[Assistant]
I found the entity for "electronic game" as wd:Q2249149, which is described as a game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find:
- Instances of video game genres (wd:Q659563)
- Subclasses of video game genres (wd:Q659563) or electronic games (wd:Q2249149)
- The OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (property wd:P6352) if available
- Any subclasses of the identified genres

I will start by querying instances of video game genres and subclasses of video game genres or electronic games.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                                        | genreLabel                        | olacID | subclass                                       | subclassLabel                        |
| -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ------ | ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| pre-patch (wd:Q100354072)                    | pre-patch (en)                    |        |                                                |                                      |
| open-source video game (wd:Q1015325)         | open-source video game (en)       |        | free and open-source video game (wd:Q21125433) | free and open-source video game (en) |
| collector's edition (wd:Q101552184)          | collector's edition (en)          |        |                                                |                                      |
| supernatural video game (wd:Q101900049)      | supernatural video game (en)      |        | monster video game (wd:Q113258437)             | monster video game (en)              |
| supernatural video game (wd:Q101900049)      | supernatural video game (en)      |        | supernatural horror game (wd:Q59536813)        | supernatural horror game (en)        |
| ...                                          | ...                               | ...    | ...                                            | ...                                  |
| turn-based role-playing game (wd:Q105906396) | turn-based role-playing game (en) |        | turn-based MMORPG (wd:Q7855619)                | turn-based MMORPG (en)               |
| Intellivision (wd:Q1061441)                  | Intellivision (en)                |        |                                                |                                      |
| PlayStation 4 (wd:Q106360845)                | PlayStation 4 (en)                |        |                                                |                                      |
| Sega 32X (wd:Q1063978)                       | Sega 32X (en)                     |        |                                                |                                      |
| Coleco Telstar series (wd:Q1064163)          | Coleco Telstar series (en)        |        | Telstar Arcade (wd:Q1705030)                   | Telstar Arcade (en)                  |

[Assistant]
I retrieved distinct items that are instances of video game genres or subclasses of either video game genres or electronic games. The results include the genre, the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (if available), and any subclasses (if available).

Some example results are:
- Genre: pre-patch (no OLAC ID, no subclass)
- Genre: open-source video game (no OLAC ID), Subclass: free and open-source video game
- Genre: supernatural video game (no OLAC ID), Subclasses: monster video game, supernatural horror game
- Genre: turn-based role-playing game (no OLAC ID), Subclass: turn-based MMORPG
- Some entries like Intellivision, PlayStation 4, Sega 32X, Coleco Telstar series appear which are not genres but might be subclasses or related items.

I will now finalize the answer with the SPARQL query and the explanation of the results.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves distinct items that are instances or subclasses of video game genres or electronic games, along with their OLAC video game genre vocabulary IDs and subclasses. However, the result includes some items like 'Intellivision', 'PlayStation 4', 'Sega 32X', and 'Coleco Telstar series' which are not video game genres but rather gaming consoles or hardware. This indicates that the query's subclass traversal to electronic games (wd:Q2249149) is too broad and includes non-genre items. To improve, the query should be refined to exclude such non-genre items, possibly by restricting the subclass traversal or adding additional filters to ensure only genres are included. Additionally, the query could be optimized by clarifying the subclass paths and ensuring that only relevant subclasses or instances of video game genres are returned. This refinement will make the answer more precise and relevant to the user's question.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query and exclude non-genre items like gaming consoles or hardware, I will restrict the subclass traversal to only subclasses of video game genres (wd:Q659563) and avoid including subclasses of electronic games (wd:Q2249149) directly, as that broadens the scope too much.

I will focus on:
- Instances of video game genres (wd:Q659563)
- Subclasses of video game genres (wd:Q659563)
- OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID (wd:P6352) if available
- Subclasses of the identified genres

This should exclude unrelated items like consoles and hardware.

I will now update and execute the refined query.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                                       | genreLabel                       | olacID | subclass                                    | subclassLabel                    |
| ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------ | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| supernatural video game (wd:Q101900049)     | supernatural video game (en)     |        | monster video game (wd:Q113258437)          | monster video game (en)          |
| supernatural video game (wd:Q101900049)     | supernatural video game (en)     |        | supernatural horror game (wd:Q59536813)     | supernatural horror game (en)    |
| spot the difference (wd:Q102040062)         | spot the difference (en)         |        |                                             |                                  |
| interactive DVD game (wd:Q102128235)        | interactive DVD game (en)        |        |                                             |                                  |
| e-business game (wd:Q10269379)              | e-business game (en)             |        |                                             |                                  |
| ...                                         | ...                              | ...    | ...                                         | ...                              |
| motorcycle video game (wd:Q111411020)       | motorcycle video game (en)       |        | motocross racing video game (wd:Q109942850) | motocross racing video game (en) |
| motorcycle video game (wd:Q111411020)       | motorcycle video game (en)       |        | superbike racing video game (wd:Q111411588) | superbike racing video game (en) |
| motorcycle video game (wd:Q111411020)       | motorcycle video game (en)       |        | motorcycle simulation game (wd:Q4304915)    | motorcycle simulation game (en)  |
| superbike racing video game (wd:Q111411588) | superbike racing video game (en) |        |                                             |                                  |
| isometric RPG (wd:Q111515094)               | isometric RPG (en)               |        |                                             |                                  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves distinct items that are instances or subclasses of video game genres (wd:Q659563). It also optionally retrieves the OLAC video game genre vocabulary ID and any subclasses of the identified genres, as requested. The query uses appropriate properties (wdt:P31 for instances, wdt:P279 for subclasses, and wdt:P6352 for OLAC IDs) and filters labels to English. The exclusion of subclasses of electronic games avoids irrelevant items, which aligns with the explanation. The query results and the provided answer examples demonstrate that the output is relevant, precise, and complete. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?language ?languageLabel ( COUNT( ?country ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  ?country wdt:P37 ?language .
  ?language wdt:P282 ?script .
  ?script wdt:P279 * wd:Q8229 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?language ?languageLabel
ORDER BY DESC ( ?count )

Got 106 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                   | languageLabel       | count        |
| -------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860)         | English (en)        | 55 (xsd:int) |
| French (wd:Q150)           | French (en)         | 25 (xsd:int) |
| Spanish (wd:Q1321)         | Spanish (en)        | 18 (xsd:int) |
| Portuguese (wd:Q5146)      | Portuguese (en)     | 8 (xsd:int)  |
| German (wd:Q188)           | German (en)         | 6 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                        | ...                 | ...          |
| Shona (wd:Q34004)          | Shona (en)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Sango (wd:Q33954)          | Sango (en)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Northern Sotho (wd:Q33890) | Northern Sotho (en) | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Papiamento (wd:Q33856)     | Papiamento (en)     | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Niuean (wd:Q33790)         | Niuean (en)         | 1 (xsd:int)  |

The official languages of countries that use a writing system which is either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet, along with the count of each language, ordered by the count in descending order, are returned by the query.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the official languages of countries that use a writing system which is either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet? Include a count of each language, and order by the count in descending order.

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify countries that use a writing system which is either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet. Then, I need to find the official languages of those countries and count the occurrences of each language. Finally, I will order the results by the count in descending order.

Step 1: Identify the Latin script and its subclasses or instances of Latin-script alphabets.
Step 2: Find countries that use these writing systems.
Step 3: Find the official languages of these countries.
Step 4: Count the occurrences of each language.
Step 5: Order the results by count in descending order.

I will start by searching for the Latin script entity in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Latin script, also known as Latn, Roman script (wd:Q8229): writing system used to write most Western, Northern and Central European languages
2. Latin script (wd:L406880-S1)
3. Latin script (wd:L742377-S1)
4. Ivan, also known as Ivan (given name), Ivan (Latin script), Ivan (first name) (wd:Q830350): male given name
5. Ɑ, also known as script A, script a, Latin script A, Latin alpha, alpha (wd:Q652798): letter of the Latin alphabet
6. Somali Latin alphabet, also known as Latin script Somali, Latin Somali, Somali in Latin script, Somali Latin orthography, Somali orthography (wd:Q6541770): official Somali writing system
7. Kurdish Latin Script, also known as Kurdish Latin alphabet orthography, Kurdish Latin orthography (wd:Q13175483): Latin-based orthography for Kurdish
8. extended Latin alphabet, also known as extended Latin, extended Latin script (wd:Q3237042): letters of the Latin script family outside of the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet
9. Indonesian alphabet, also known as Indonesian writing, Indonesian script, Indonesian Latin script, Indonesian orthography, Abjad Indonesia (wd:Q110829386): ISO basic Latin alphabet without any diacritics, used to write Indonesian language
10. Sylheti in Latin script, also known as Sylheti in Roman script, Sylheti (Latin script), syl-lat, syl-Latn (wd:Q120142383): language in a particular script

[Assistant] The entity for the Latin script is wd:Q8229. Next, I will find writing systems that are subclasses or instances of this Latin script. Then I will find countries that use these writing systems.

[Tool]
Got 31 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| script                                    |
| ----------------------------------------- |
| Dutch alphabet (wd:Q2297077)              |
| Roman Urdu (wd:Q3307116)                  |
| Sawcuengh (wd:Q3704415)                   |
| Brolikva (wd:Q113301414)                  |
| Maore Latin (wd:Q124286437)               |
| ...                                       |
| Brusselian alphabet (wd:Q121504509)       |
| Balochi Roman Orthography (wd:Q113557400) |
| Spanish alphabet (wd:Q285126)             |
| Muscogee alphabet (wd:Q27956191)          |
| Kalasha orthography (wd:Q113499119)       |

[Assistant] I have found 31 writing systems that are subclasses or instances of the Latin script (wd:Q8229). Now I will find countries that use any of these writing systems. Then I will find the official languages of those countries.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] It seems that the property P282 (writing system) is not used directly for countries in Wikidata. I will try another approach: find countries that have official languages, and those languages use a writing system that is a subclass or instance of the Latin script. I will first find languages that use writing systems that are subclasses or instances of the Latin script. Then I will find countries with those languages as official languages.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] It seems that the property P424 (writing system) is not used for languages in Wikidata. I will try to find languages that have alphabets or scripts that are subclasses or instances of the Latin script. I will check for languages with the property "written in" (P281) or "uses writing system" (P282) or similar.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. writing system, also known as script, writing script, written form (wd:P282 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): alphabet, character set or other system of writing used by a language, word, or text, supported by a typeface
2. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
3. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
4. script style, also known as handwriting style, type style, style of writing, style of script (wd:P9302 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): style of script of a document or typeface
5. typeface/font used, also known as is sample of, typeface used, typeface, lettering, font used (wd:P2739 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): style of type used in a work
6. writable file format, also known as can write, file format written, output file, writes file format (wd:P1073 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): file format a program can create and/or write to
7. handwriting example, also known as example of handwriting, handwriting image, image of handwriting (wd:P12981 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): sample image of the person's handwriting
8. typing discipline, also known as typing, type system (wd:P7078 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): specifies the typing discipline implemented, used, or mandated in a programming language, manifestation of
9. writing technique (wd:P12876 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): technique used for writing on stone, paper or other support, fabrication method
10. letterer, also known as lettering by (wd:P9191 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): person responsible for drawing the comic book's text, word balloons, etc., illustrator

[Assistant] The property "writing system" (wdt:P282) is the correct property to indicate the writing system used by a language. I will try again to find languages that use a writing system that is a subclass or instance of the Latin script using this property.

[Tool]
Got 847 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                         |
| -------------------------------- |
| Zulu (wd:Q10179)                 |
| Zazaki (wd:Q10199)               |
| Gumatj (wd:Q10510745)            |
| Mozambican Ngoni (wd:Q105198599) |
| Maridan (wd:Q10577273)           |
| ...                              |
| Serbian (wd:Q9299)               |
| Aequian (wd:Q930579)             |
| Galician (wd:Q9307)              |
| Hlai (wd:Q934738)                |
| Dobu (wd:Q952133)                |

[Assistant] I have found 847 languages that use a writing system which is a subclass or instance of the Latin script. Now I will find countries that have these languages as official languages. Then I will count the occurrences of each language and order by count in descending order.

[Tool]
Got 106 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                   | count        |
| -------------------------- | ------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860)         | 55 (xsd:int) |
| French (wd:Q150)           | 25 (xsd:int) |
| Spanish (wd:Q1321)         | 18 (xsd:int) |
| Portuguese (wd:Q5146)      | 8 (xsd:int)  |
| German (wd:Q188)           | 6 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                        | ...          |
| Shona (wd:Q34004)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Sango (wd:Q33954)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Northern Sotho (wd:Q33890) | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Papiamento (wd:Q33856)     | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Niuean (wd:Q33790)         | 1 (xsd:int)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies countries, their official languages, and filters languages by those using a writing system that is a subclass or instance of the Latin script. It counts the number of countries per language and orders the results by count in descending order, as requested. The query also retrieves English labels for the languages, which is helpful for readability. The execution result shows a plausible distribution of languages and counts. Overall, the output is correct and complete for the user's question.


SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 2.7 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

I have retrieved individuals who were born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship in the years 1833, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1843, 1844-47, 1849-53, 1855-57, 1865-72, 1874, 1876-80, or 1882. The results include their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available. Due to the large number of results, only up to 100 individuals are shown.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who are the individuals who were born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship in the years 1833, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1843, 1844-47, 1849-53, 1855-57, 1865-72, 1874, 1876-80, or 1882? Include their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death (all only if available).

[Assistant]
The question asks for individuals who meet any of the following criteria related to Venezuela: born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship, specifically in the years 1833, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1843, 1844-47, 1849-53, 1855-57, 1865-72, 1874, 1876-80, or 1882. We need to retrieve their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available.

Step 1: Identify the entity for Venezuela.
Step 2: Identify properties for place of birth, place of death, date of birth, date of death, and citizenship.
Step 3: Construct a query that retrieves individuals who satisfy any of the three conditions (born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship) with the relevant years for birth, death, or citizenship.
Step 4: Return the individuals with their dates and places of birth and death if available.

I will start by searching for the entity "Venezuela" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Venezuela, also known as BR Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (wd:Q717): sovereign state in northern South America
2. United States of Venezuela, also known as Venezuela (wd:Q5848651): republic from 1864 to 19576
3. Venezuela (wd:Q8875751): metro station in Buenos Aires
4. Venezuela (wd:Q12060549): song
5. Venezuela, also known as Venezuela Subbarrio, Venezuela, Río Piedras, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, San Juan (wd:Q7919777): subbarrio in Pueblo, San Juan, Puerto Rico
6. INDEPABIS, also known as venezuela (wd:Q5972222): Venezuela's consumer protection agency
7. Venezuela, also known as 24708835jesus chaguan (wd:Q104149732): Anaco
8. Venezuela (wd:Q20600295)
9. Venezuela (wd:Q14513308): genus of arachnids
10. Venezuela (wd:Q37121577): family name

[Assistant]
The entity for the sovereign state Venezuela is wd:Q717. Next, I will identify the properties for place of birth, place of death, date of birth, date of death, and citizenship.

Common properties are:
- place of birth (wdt:P19)
- place of death (wdt:P20)
- date of birth (wdt:P569)
- date of death (wdt:P570)
- country of citizenship (wdt:P27)

I will now construct a SPARQL query to find individuals who were born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship in the specified years. The query will retrieve their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 3 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
The initial query was too large and caused a memory allocation error. I will simplify the query by splitting it into three separate parts for each condition (born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, had Venezuelan citizenship) and then combine the results. Also, I will remove the SERVICE wikibase:label clause as it is not supported.

I will first query individuals born in Venezuela in the specified years with their birth and death details if available.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                     | dob                                 | pob                     | dod                                 | pod                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)         | 1874-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Coro (wd:Q1134454)      | 1958-08-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Ferdinand von Gülich (wd:Q105748637)       | 1871-10-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      | 1970-10-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                         |
| Ferdinand Kreutzer (wd:Q106675853)         | 1847-03-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      | 1916-07-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Paris (wd:Q90)          |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)           | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)     | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Telmo Romero (wd:Q109676767)               | 1846-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Táchira (wd:Q41144)     | 1887-08-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| ...                                        | ...                                 | ...                     | ...                                 | ...                     |
| Antonio Febres-Cordero (wd:Q5698272)       | 1872-01-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Mérida (wd:Q23551)      | 1947-02-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Mérida (wd:Q23551)      |
| Antonio María Pineda Bujanda (wd:Q5699005) | 1850-09-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barquisimeto (wd:Q4709) | 1941-10-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barquisimeto (wd:Q4709) |
| Heraclio Fernández (wd:Q5732532)           | 1851-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Maracaibo (wd:Q171632)  | 1886-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Guaira (wd:Q873405)  |
| Carlos Benito Figueredo (wd:Q5749821)      | 1857-04-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | San Carlos (wd:Q995718) | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Nicanor Bolet Peraza (wd:Q5793802)         | 1838-06-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      | 1906-03-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | New York City (wd:Q60)  |

[Assistant]
I have retrieved 100 individuals who were born in Venezuela in the specified years along with their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available.

Next, I will query individuals who died in Venezuela in the specified years with their birth and death details if available.

[Tool]
Got 86 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                                    | dob                                 | pob                               | dod                                 | pod                        |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Johann Wilhelm Karl Moritz (wd:Q101052)                   | 1797-07-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Klein Santersleben (wd:Q98755399) | 1866-10-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Colonia Tovar (wd:Q964130) |
| Willem Carel Anne Benjamin Pieter Arriëns (wd:Q106646428) | 1821-11-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Arnhem (wd:Q1310)                 | 1882-03-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| Josefa Gordon de Jove (wd:Q108560601)                     | 1796-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cartagena de Indias (wd:Q657461)  | 1850-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| Mariano Fernández Fortique (wd:Q110228792)                | 1791-02-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)                | 1866-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| Johann von Uslar (wd:Q121471)                             | 1779-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Loccum (wd:Q315013)               | 1866-04-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q54880)       |
| ...                                                       | ...                                 | ...                               | ...                                 | ...                        |
| Miguel Peña Páez (wd:Q6844728)                            | 1781-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q54880)              | 1833-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q54880)       |
| Diego Bautista Urbaneja (wd:Q8470911)                     | 1782-12-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barcelona (wd:Q391221)            | 1856-01-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| José Loreto Arismendi (wd:Q9013996)                       | 1825-05-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Carúpano (wd:Q153511)             | 1870-09-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Irapa (wd:Q3154288)        |
| José Tadeo Monagas (wd:Q970332)                           | 1784-10-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Monagas (wd:Q205776)              | 1868-11-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| José María Benítez (wd:Q977706)                           | 1790-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Victoria (wd:Q590133)          | 1855-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Victoria (wd:Q590133)   |

[Assistant]
I have retrieved 86 individuals who died in Venezuela in the specified years along with their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available.

Next, I will query individuals who had Venezuelan citizenship and were born or died in the specified years. Since citizenship date is not straightforward to filter, I will check for Venezuelan citizenship and filter by birth or death years.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                      | dob                                 | pob                         | dod                                 | pod                       |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)          | 1874-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Coro (wd:Q1134454)          | 1958-08-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)            | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)         | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Telmo Romero (wd:Q109676767)                | 1846-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Táchira (wd:Q41144)         | 1887-08-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Federico Brandt (wd:Q110175653)             | 1879-04-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                             | 1932-07-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                           |
| Mariano Fernández Fortique (wd:Q110228792)  | 1791-02-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)          | 1866-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| ...                                         | ...                                 | ...                         | ...                                 | ...                       |
| Juan Manuel Cajigal y Odoardo (wd:Q3187714) | 1803-08-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barcelona (wd:Q391221)      | 1856-02-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Yaguaraparo (wd:Q3571301) |
| Agustín Armario (wd:Q3238462)               | 1783-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Puerto Cabello (wd:Q995695) | 1833-08-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cumaná (wd:Q319476)       |
| Mariano Montilla (wd:Q3291386)              | 1782-09-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)          | 1851-09-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Andrés Mata (wd:Q329735)                    | 1870-11-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Carúpano (wd:Q153511)       | 1931-11-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Paris (wd:Q90)            |
| Juan Bautista Arismendi (wd:Q3361160)       | 1775-03-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Asunción (wd:Q860689)    | 1841-06-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query failed to execute due to a syntax error, specifically a parse error at position 920 related to a token '.'. This indicates that the query is not syntactically correct and cannot be run as is. Additionally, the query logic has some issues: the FILTER conditions are applied on variables (?dob, ?dod) that might be optional and not always bound, which can cause problems. Also, the citizenship filter is incorrect; it uses ?citizenship as a value but does not bind it properly to the person. The query should be restructured to correctly bind citizenship and to properly filter dates for birth, death, or citizenship years. Furthermore, the question asks for individuals who were born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship in the specified years; however, citizenship is a property without a direct date, so the query should clarify how to handle the years for citizenship (e.g., citizenship start or end dates). The current query does not handle this. I recommend rewriting the query to fix syntax errors, correctly bind variables, and clarify the date filtering logic for citizenship. Also, ensure that the query returns the identifiers of the persons and optionally their dates and places of birth and death as requested.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will address the issues as follows:

1. Correct the syntax error by properly binding the citizenship variable.
2. Use OPTIONAL for date variables and add BOUND checks before filtering on years to avoid errors.
3. For citizenship, since there is no direct date property, I will consider individuals who had Venezuelan citizenship and were born or died in the specified years.
4. Return the person identifier and optionally their dates and places of birth and death.

I will rewrite the query accordingly.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is well-structured and logically addresses the user's question by combining conditions on birth, death, and citizenship related to Venezuela and the specified years. It correctly uses OPTIONAL clauses for dates and places of birth and death and applies FILTERs on years. However, the query is very large and complex, leading to a memory allocation failure during execution. To improve, consider splitting the query into smaller parts or optimizing the FILTER conditions to reduce the computational load. Also, ensure that the query returns the actual IRIs of the persons as required. Limiting the results to 100 is reasonable given the potential size of the result set. Refining the query to be more efficient will help in successfully executing it and retrieving the desired information.

[Assistant]
The previous query is logically correct but too large and complex, causing memory allocation issues. To address this, I will split the query into three separate queries for each condition (born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, had Venezuelan citizenship) and then combine the results client-side if needed.

I will start with the query for individuals born in Venezuela in the specified years, retrieving their dates and places of birth and death if available.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                     | dob                                 | pob                     | dod                                 | pod                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)         | 1874-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Coro (wd:Q1134454)      | 1958-08-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Ferdinand von Gülich (wd:Q105748637)       | 1871-10-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      | 1970-10-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                         |
| Ferdinand Kreutzer (wd:Q106675853)         | 1847-03-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      | 1916-07-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Paris (wd:Q90)          |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)           | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)     | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Telmo Romero (wd:Q109676767)               | 1846-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Táchira (wd:Q41144)     | 1887-08-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| ...                                        | ...                                 | ...                     | ...                                 | ...                     |
| Antonio Febres-Cordero (wd:Q5698272)       | 1872-01-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Mérida (wd:Q23551)      | 1947-02-23T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Mérida (wd:Q23551)      |
| Antonio María Pineda Bujanda (wd:Q5699005) | 1850-09-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barquisimeto (wd:Q4709) | 1941-10-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barquisimeto (wd:Q4709) |
| Heraclio Fernández (wd:Q5732532)           | 1851-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Maracaibo (wd:Q171632)  | 1886-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Guaira (wd:Q873405)  |
| Carlos Benito Figueredo (wd:Q5749821)      | 1857-04-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | San Carlos (wd:Q995718) | 1935-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Nicanor Bolet Peraza (wd:Q5793802)         | 1838-06-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      | 1906-03-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | New York City (wd:Q60)  |

[Assistant]
I have retrieved up to 100 individuals who were born in Venezuela in the specified years, along with their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available.

Next, I will query individuals who died in Venezuela in the specified years, retrieving their dates and places of birth and death if available.

[Tool]
Got 86 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                                    | dob                                 | pob                               | dod                                 | pod                        |
| --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Johann Wilhelm Karl Moritz (wd:Q101052)                   | 1797-07-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Klein Santersleben (wd:Q98755399) | 1866-10-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Colonia Tovar (wd:Q964130) |
| Willem Carel Anne Benjamin Pieter Arriëns (wd:Q106646428) | 1821-11-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Arnhem (wd:Q1310)                 | 1882-03-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| Josefa Gordon de Jove (wd:Q108560601)                     | 1796-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cartagena de Indias (wd:Q657461)  | 1850-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| Mariano Fernández Fortique (wd:Q110228792)                | 1791-02-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)                | 1866-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| Johann von Uslar (wd:Q121471)                             | 1779-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Loccum (wd:Q315013)               | 1866-04-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q54880)       |
| ...                                                       | ...                                 | ...                               | ...                                 | ...                        |
| Miguel Peña Páez (wd:Q6844728)                            | 1781-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q54880)              | 1833-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q54880)       |
| Diego Bautista Urbaneja (wd:Q8470911)                     | 1782-12-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barcelona (wd:Q391221)            | 1856-01-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| José Loreto Arismendi (wd:Q9013996)                       | 1825-05-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Carúpano (wd:Q153511)             | 1870-09-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Irapa (wd:Q3154288)        |
| José Tadeo Monagas (wd:Q970332)                           | 1784-10-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Monagas (wd:Q205776)              | 1868-11-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)         |
| José María Benítez (wd:Q977706)                           | 1790-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Victoria (wd:Q590133)          | 1855-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Victoria (wd:Q590133)   |

[Assistant]
I have retrieved up to 86 individuals who died in Venezuela in the specified years, along with their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death if available.

Next, I will query individuals who had Venezuelan citizenship and were born or died in the specified years, retrieving their dates and places of birth and death if available.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                      | dob                                 | pob                         | dod                                 | pod                       |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)          | 1874-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Coro (wd:Q1134454)          | 1958-08-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)            | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)         | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Telmo Romero (wd:Q109676767)                | 1846-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Táchira (wd:Q41144)         | 1887-08-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Federico Brandt (wd:Q110175653)             | 1879-04-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                             | 1932-07-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                           |
| Mariano Fernández Fortique (wd:Q110228792)  | 1791-02-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)          | 1866-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| ...                                         | ...                                 | ...                         | ...                                 | ...                       |
| Juan Manuel Cajigal y Odoardo (wd:Q3187714) | 1803-08-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barcelona (wd:Q391221)      | 1856-02-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Yaguaraparo (wd:Q3571301) |
| Agustín Armario (wd:Q3238462)               | 1783-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Puerto Cabello (wd:Q995695) | 1833-08-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cumaná (wd:Q319476)       |
| Mariano Montilla (wd:Q3291386)              | 1782-09-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)          | 1851-09-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |
| Andrés Mata (wd:Q329735)                    | 1870-11-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Carúpano (wd:Q153511)       | 1931-11-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Paris (wd:Q90)            |
| Juan Bautista Arismendi (wd:Q3361160)       | 1775-03-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Asunción (wd:Q860689)    | 1841-06-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process