PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?institution ?institutionLabel ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?thesis ) AS ?thesisCount ) WHERE {
  ?thesis wdt:P4101 ?institution .
  ?thesis wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q1266946 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?institution rdfs:label ?institutionLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?institutionLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?institution ?institutionLabel
ORDER BY DESC ( ?thesisCount )
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| institution                                                         | institutionLabel                                          | thesisCount     |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
| University of Oxford (wd:Q34433)                                    | University of Oxford (en)                                 | 16828 (xsd:int) |
| University of Auckland (wd:Q492467)                                 | University of Auckland (en)                               | 14832 (xsd:int) |
| Massey University (wd:Q1134606)                                     | Massey University (en)                                    | 11881 (xsd:int) |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475)                               | University of Canterbury (en)                             | 11286 (xsd:int) |
| Delft University of Technology (wd:Q752663)                         | Delft University of Technology (en)                       | 10779 (xsd:int) |
| ...                                                                 | ...                                                       | ...             |
| University of California, Riverside (wd:Q1075148)                   | University of California, Riverside (en)                  | 31 (xsd:int)    |
| University of Southern California (wd:Q4614)                        | University of Southern California (en)                    | 31 (xsd:int)    |
| Geosciences and Engineering (Department at TU Delft) (wd:Q77049916) | Geosciences and Engineering (Department at TU Delft) (en) | 31 (xsd:int)    |
| University of Manchester (wd:Q230899)                               | University of Manchester (en)                             | 30 (xsd:int)    |
| Leiden University (wd:Q156598)                                      | Leiden University (en)                                    | 30 (xsd:int)    |

The institutions with the highest number of theses or dissertations submitted to them, ordered by the count of distinct theses or dissertations in descending order, include the University of Oxford, University of Auckland, Massey University, University of Canterbury, and Delft University of Technology among the top. The query returns the top 100 institutions with their respective counts.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which institutions have the highest number of theses or dissertations submitted to them, ordered by the count of distinct theses or dissertations in descending order?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the property that links theses or dissertations to institutions in Wikidata. Typically, theses or dissertations are academic works, and they might be linked to the institution where they were submitted or defended. I will start by searching for the entity "thesis" or "dissertation" to find a relevant class or item. Then, I will look for properties that connect these works to institutions. Finally, I will construct a query to count the distinct theses or dissertations submitted to each institution and order the results by the count in descending order.

First, I will search for the entity "thesis" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. thesis, also known as academic dissertation, academic thesis, dissertation, theses (wd:Q1266946): a scholarly work submitted as a requirement to obtain an academic degree; Use Q187685 for PhD thesis
2. Tesis, also known as Thesis (wd:Q1636502): 1996 film directed by Alejandro Amenábar
3. Thesis (wd:Q3822612): goddess of Greek mythology
4. Thesis (wd:Q2420274): font superfamily
5. thesis, also known as article, dissertation, paper, treatise (wd:Q124212544): an umbrella term for thesis, dissertation, paper, article, and treatise in East Asia
6. Thesis, also known as Thesis (zespół rocka progresywnego), Thesis band, thesisband (wd:Q9358417): Polish rock band
7. Thesis (wd:Q7783439): album by Jimmy Giuffre
8. thesis (wd:Q4453731): type of proposition
9. Thesis (wd:Q17062467): 1997 studio album by Matthew Shipp
10. Thesis (wd:Q2420264): German national postgraduate representative body

[Assistant] The entity "thesis" as a scholarly work submitted as a requirement to obtain an academic degree is represented by wd:Q1266946. There is also a specific entity for PhD thesis (wd:Q187685). I will now search for properties that link these theses or dissertations to institutions. I will search for properties related to "institution" or "submitted to" for the entity wd:Q1266946 (thesis).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. U.S. National Archives Identifier, also known as NAID, NARA identiifier, National Archives Identifier, Organization Name NAID, United States National Archives Identifier (wd:P1225 as p/wdt): identifier for the United States National Archives and Records Administration's online catalog
2. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
3. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
4. equivalent class, also known as schema.org type, same kind of thing, same grouping, same class, external class (wd:P1709 as p/wdt): equivalent class in other ontologies (use property URI), exact match, URL
5. facet of, also known as subitem of, topic of, subtopic of, subject in, section in (wd:P1269 as p/wdt): topic of which this item is an aspect; item that offers a broader perspective on the same topic
6. MeSH descriptor ID, also known as MeSH ID, MeSH Unique ID, UI (wd:P486 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier for Descriptor or Supplementary concept in the Medical Subject Headings controlled vocabulary
7. NL CR AUT ID, also known as Czech National Authority Database, NLCR AUT ID (wd:P691 as p/wdt): identifier in the Czech National Authority Database of National Library of the Czech Republic (NL CR)
8. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
9. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
10. J9U ID, also known as Israel National Library, J9U, National Library of Israel J9U ID (wd:P8189 as p/wdt): identifier used by the National Library of Israel

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "institution" for the entity "thesis" (wd:Q1266946) did not return relevant properties linking theses to institutions. I will try a different approach by searching for properties related to "submitted to" or "academic institution" in general, without restricting to the thesis entity. This might help find a property that links theses or dissertations to institutions.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. thesis submitted to, also known as dissertation submitted to, submitted to (wd:P4101 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): institution to whom a thesis or dissertation is submitted
2. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
3. addressee, also known as recipient, To:, to:, sent to, addressed to (wd:P1817 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): person or organization to whom a letter or note is addressed, destination of transfer
4. subject lexeme form, also known as subject form, form demonstrated, applies to form, demonstrates form (wd:P5830 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): (qualifier) statement applies only to listed lexeme forms of statement's subject
5. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
6. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
7. number of submissions (wd:P12655 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): number of submissions, e.g., submitted papers to a conference
8. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
9. contributed to creative work, also known as contributor to, contributor, contributed to, collaborator on, contributed to work (wd:P3919 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): person is cited as contributing to some creative or published work or series (qualify with "subject has role", P2868)
10. destination of transfer, also known as recipient, to, target, receiver, end point (wd:P12694 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): entity that a transferred item comes to be associated with as a result of this process

[Assistant] I found a relevant property "thesis submitted to" (wdt:P4101) which is described as the institution to whom a thesis or dissertation is submitted. This property is exactly what we need to link theses or dissertations to institutions. Now I will construct a SPARQL query to count the distinct theses or dissertations submitted to each institution and order the results by the count in descending order.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| institution                                                         | institutionLabel                                          | thesisCount     |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
| University of Oxford (wd:Q34433)                                    | University of Oxford (en)                                 | 16828 (xsd:int) |
| University of Auckland (wd:Q492467)                                 | University of Auckland (en)                               | 14832 (xsd:int) |
| Massey University (wd:Q1134606)                                     | Massey University (en)                                    | 11881 (xsd:int) |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475)                               | University of Canterbury (en)                             | 11286 (xsd:int) |
| Delft University of Technology (wd:Q752663)                         | Delft University of Technology (en)                       | 10779 (xsd:int) |
| ...                                                                 | ...                                                       | ...             |
| University of California, Riverside (wd:Q1075148)                   | University of California, Riverside (en)                  | 31 (xsd:int)    |
| University of Southern California (wd:Q4614)                        | University of Southern California (en)                    | 31 (xsd:int)    |
| Geosciences and Engineering (Department at TU Delft) (wd:Q77049916) | Geosciences and Engineering (Department at TU Delft) (en) | 31 (xsd:int)    |
| University of Manchester (wd:Q230899)                               | University of Manchester (en)                             | 30 (xsd:int)    |
| Leiden University (wd:Q156598)                                      | Leiden University (en)                                    | 30 (xsd:int)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves institutions with the highest number of distinct theses or dissertations submitted to them, ordered by count in descending order. It uses the property 'thesis submitted to' (wdt:P4101) and filters for instances or subclasses of thesis (wd:Q1266946), which is appropriate. The query also includes English labels optionally, which is helpful for readability. The result includes the top 100 institutions as requested, with counts matching the question's requirements. Overall, the output is correct and complete.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?year ( COUNT( ?ensemble ) AS ?count ) WHERE {
  {
    SELECT ?ensemble ( YEAR( ?inception ) AS ?year ) WHERE {
      ?ensemble wdt:P31 wd:Q2088357 .
      ?ensemble wdt:P571 ?inception .
    }
  }
}
GROUP BY ?year
ORDER BY ?year

The query returns the number of musical ensembles formed each year, grouped by the year of their inception and sorted by year. The results include years from as early as 1300 to 2024, with counts of ensembles formed in each year.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many musical ensembles were formed each year, grouped by the year of their inception and sorted by year?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the entity for "musical ensemble" and the property that indicates the year of inception or formation. Then, I will count the number of musical ensembles formed each year, group the results by the year, and sort them by year.

Step 1: Search for the entity "musical ensemble" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. musical ensemble, also known as ensemble, music ensemble (wd:Q2088357): group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name
2. vocal-musical ensemble, also known as musical ensemble (wd:Q29881657): musical ensemble in which both instrumentalists and singers perform
3. musical ensemble (wd:L34511-S1)
4. Kantele (musical ensemble), also known as Kantele (wd:Q4212623)
5. instrumental ensemble, also known as instrumental musical ensemble (wd:Q11072804): musical ensemble consisting solely of instruments
6. fictional musical ensemble, also known as fictional band, fictional music group, fictional music ensemble, fictional music band, fictional group (wd:Q6619719): musical ensemble that exists only in fiction
7. composition for concertina ensemble, also known as concertina ensemble, concertina ensemble (musical work) (wd:Q108040793): type of musical composition
8. Fondateur d'un ensemble musical (wd:Q105103965)
9. Musical Ensemble Erft e.V. (wd:Q122855895): amateur theater in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)
10. member of this band, musical group, also known as band members by band, member of this band, member of this musical ensemble, member of this musical group (wd:Q65966973): Wikidata metaclass

[Assistant] The entity for "musical ensemble" is wd:Q2088357. Next, I need to find the property that indicates the year of inception or formation of a musical ensemble. Common properties for this are "inception" or "date of inception." I will search for properties related to inception for the entity musical ensemble.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
4. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
5. said to be the same as, also known as may be, the same as, synonymous with, same as, same (wd:P460 as p/wdt): this item is said to be the same as that item, though this may be uncertain or disputed
6. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
7. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
8. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
9. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
10. equivalent class, also known as schema.org type, same kind of thing, same grouping, same class, external class (wd:P1709 as p/wdt): equivalent class in other ontologies (use property URI), exact match, URL

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for properties related to "inception" for the entity "musical ensemble" did not return a direct property for inception or formation date. However, I know from general Wikidata knowledge that the property for inception or date of inception is usually P571. I will verify if this property is used for musical ensembles by checking some instances of musical ensembles and their inception dates.

Step 2: Find some instances of musical ensembles and check if they have the property P571 (inception).

[Tool]
Got 5,121 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                               | property              | object                         |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Taizé Community (wd:Q111054)                          | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| The Common Linnets (wd:Q15229258)                     | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Greek chorus (wd:Q770974)                             | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Reddi (wd:Q111109105)                                 | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| 1349 (wd:Q185112)                                     | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Heilung (wd:Q50179341)                                | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Nika Kocharov & Young Georgian Lolitaz (wd:Q21743340) | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Voltaj (wd:Q4052785)                                  | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Big Flow Music (wd:Q52152585)                         | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| Sunn O))) (wd:Q594855)                                | instance of (wdt:P31) | musical ensemble (wd:Q2088357) |
| ...                                                   | ...                   | ...                            |

[Assistant] I found several instances of musical ensembles. Now I will check if these instances have the property P571 (inception) to confirm that this property can be used to get the year of formation. I will check the inception date for one of these musical ensembles, for example, "The Common Linnets" (wd:Q15229258).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                           | property             | object                              |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| The Common Linnets (wd:Q15229258) | inception (wdt:P571) | 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The property "inception" (wdt:P571) is used for musical ensembles to indicate the year of their formation. Now I will write a SPARQL query to count the number of musical ensembles formed each year, grouped by the year of inception and sorted by year.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Invalid SPARQL query: The expression "YEAR ( ?inception )" does not aggregate ?inception. All non-aggregated variables must be part of the GROUP BY clause.

[Assistant] The error indicates that the YEAR function on ?inception is not allowed directly in the SELECT clause without being part of the GROUP BY clause. I will fix the query by using a subquery to extract the year first and then count the ensembles grouped by that year.

[Tool]
Got 135 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| year           | count       |
| -------------- | ----------- |
|                | 1 (xsd:int) |
| 1300 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int) |
| 1701 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int) |
| 1750 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int) |
| 1769 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int) |
| ...            | ...         |
| 2019 (xsd:int) | 3 (xsd:int) |
| 2020 (xsd:int) | 7 (xsd:int) |
| 2021 (xsd:int) | 2 (xsd:int) |
| 2022 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int) |
| 2024 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the number of musical ensembles formed each year, grouping by the year of inception and sorting the results by year. It uses appropriate properties (instance of musical ensemble and inception date) and returns the counts as requested. The presence of a row with an empty year indicates some inception dates might be missing or not properly formatted, but this is expected given the data variability and does not invalidate the query. Overall, the output is correct and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?dateOfDeath ?familySearchID ?father ?fatherLabel WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P570 ?dateOfDeath ; wdt:P27 wd:Q16 ; wdt:P2889 ?familySearchID ; wdt:P22 ?father .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?father wdt:P2889 ?fatherFamilySearchID .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?father rdfs:label ?fatherLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?fatherLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

Got 30 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                 | personLabel                  | dateOfDeath                         | familySearchID | father                                        | fatherLabel                        |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Tommy Douglas (wd:Q359653)             | Tommy Douglas (en)           | 1986-02-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 9JW9-QTR       | Thomas Douglas (wd:Q106518216)                | Thomas Douglas (en)                |
| Renée Reichmann (wd:Q51457100)         | Renée Reichmann (en)         | 1990-02-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | G8RM-CMJ       | Avraham (Adolf) Gestetner (wd:Q107183739)     | Avraham (Adolf) Gestetner (en)     |
| Leonard Cohen (wd:Q1276)               | Leonard Cohen (en)           | 2016-11-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LRC8-M82       | Nathan Bernard Cohen (wd:Q108418474)          | Nathan Bernard Cohen (en)          |
| Margot Kidder (wd:Q234471)             | Margot Kidder (en)           | 2018-05-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LB59-TN4       | Sidney "Kendall" Kidder (wd:Q111507128)       | Sidney "Kendall" Kidder (en)       |
| Lester B. Pearson (wd:Q128604)         | Lester B. Pearson (en)       | 1972-12-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | L2YX-22R       | Reverend Edwin Arthur Pearson (wd:Q126871126) | Reverend Edwin Arthur Pearson (en) |
| ...                                    | ...                          | ...                                 | ...            | ...                                           | ...                                |
| Margaret Wiseman Stairs (wd:Q18690388) | Margaret Wiseman Stairs (en) | 1875-02-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LHN4-BZD       | William Machin Stairs (wd:Q8014985)           | William Machin Stairs (en)         |
| Manly P. Hall (wd:Q930085)             | Manly P. Hall (en)           | 1990-08-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LBS8-T46       | William Samuel Hall (wd:Q8018081)             | William Samuel Hall (en)           |
| Kate McGarrigle (wd:Q235084)           | Kate McGarrigle (en)         | 2010-01-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LCDW-BF3       | Frank McGarrigle (wd:Q96088717)               | Frank McGarrigle (en)              |
| Charles Trudeau (wd:Q5083036)          | Charles Trudeau (en)         | 1935-04-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | KPDV-TLT       | Joseph Trudeau (wd:Q96234808)                 | Joseph Trudeau (en)                |
| Suzanne Cloutier (wd:Q456476)          | Suzanne Cloutier (en)        | 2003-12-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LCZK-134       | Edmond Cloutier (wd:Q97068618)                | Edmond Cloutier (en)               |

Here are deceased Canadian individuals who have a FamilySearch person ID and have a father who does not have a FamilySearch person ID. For each person, their date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father are included.

The query results include notable individuals such as Tommy Douglas, Leonard Cohen, Margot Kidder, and Lester B. Pearson among others, with their respective fathers who lack a FamilySearch person ID.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which deceased Canadian individuals have a FamilySearch person ID and have a father who does not have a FamilySearch person ID? For each person, include their date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father.

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the following:
1. Deceased Canadian individuals.
2. These individuals must have a FamilySearch person ID.
3. Their father must be identified.
4. The father must not have a FamilySearch person ID.
5. For each such individual, retrieve their date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father.

Step 1: Identify the property for FamilySearch person ID.
Step 2: Identify the property for date of death.
Step 3: Identify the property for father.
Step 4: Identify the property or item for Canadian nationality or citizenship.
Step 5: Construct the query with these constraints.

I will start by searching for the property "FamilySearch person ID" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. FamilySearch person ID, also known as FamilySearch Family Tree ID, FamilySearch ID, Family Search person ID (wd:P2889 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): ID of a person on FamilySearch
2. Familypedia person ID, also known as Familypedia ID (wd:P4193 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for a person on Familypedia, a genealogical database hosted at Wikia
3. GeneaStar person ID, also known as GeneaStar ID (wd:P8094 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier of a person in the GeneaStar genealogical database
4. genealogics.org person ID (wd:P1819 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for a person at genealogics.org. Format: "I" followed by 8 digits
5. Geneanet family name ID, also known as Geneanet family name identifier, geneanet.org family name ID, geneanet.org family name identifier (wd:P9644 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): ID for a family name on Geneanet
6. National Archives of Australia entity ID, also known as NAA entity ID, RecordSearch person number, RecordSearch organisation number, RecordSearch identifier, RecordSearch ID (wd:P10856 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for government agencies created by, and people and or...th of Australia, allocated by the National Archives of Australia
7. Gateway to Research person ID, also known as GtR ID, UK Research and Innovation person ID, UK Researcher ID, UKRI ID (wd:P8446 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for a person in the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)'s Gateway to Research (GtR) database of research funding
8. Beamish peerage database person ID (wd:P10849 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for a person in the Beamish database
9. Archaeology Data Service person ID, also known as ADS person ID (wd:P6734 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for a person in the Archaeology Data Service library of bibliographic data
10. OnlyFans username, also known as OnlyFans username, OnlyFans ID, OnlyFans account, OnlyFans, OF person ID (wd:P8604 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for a person on the OnlyFans website

[Assistant]
The property for FamilySearch person ID is wdtn:P2889 (FamilySearch person ID).

Next, I will identify the property for date of death.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
2. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. date of burial or cremation, also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date (wd:P4602 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death, point in time
5. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
6. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
7. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
8. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
9. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
10. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time

[Assistant]
The property for date of death is wdtn:P570.

Next, I will identify the property for father.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
2. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
3. parent, also known as guardian, parents (wd:P8810 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): parent of the subject. Only use if neither father (P22) nor mother (P25) nor stepparent (P3448) is applicable., relative
4. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
5. relative, also known as relatives, grandparent, relation, non-binary parent, niece (wd:P1038 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property), significant person
6. Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures ID, also known as DADS ID (wd:P5106 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): identifier for an entry in the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures
7. stepparent, also known as step-parent, step parent, stepmother, step-mother, step mother (wd:P3448 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): subject has the object as their stepparent, relative
8. godparent, also known as godfather, godmother (wd:P1290 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): person who is the godparent of a given person, relative
9. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
10. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

[Assistant]
The property for father is wdtn:P22.

Next, I will identify the property or item for Canadian nationality or citizenship. I will start by searching for "Canadian citizenship".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Canadian nationality law, also known as Canadian citizenship, Canadian citizenship law (wd:Q1005289): Canadian nationality
2. honorary Canadian citizenship, also known as honorary citizen of Canada (wd:Q498339): award
3. Canadian Citizenship Test (wd:Q5029858): Test administered to applicants for Canadian citizenship
4. Canadian Citizenship Act 1946 (wd:Q5029865): Canadian 1946 citizenship legislation
5. Strengthening Canadian Citizenship Act (wd:Q130052172): Canadian Parliament legislation
6. Conscientious Objection and Canadian Citizenship (wd:Q108398278): article from Dalhousie Law Journal
7. Canadian Citizens (Irish Citizenship Rights) Order, 1951 (wd:Q100557854): Irish Statutory Instrument S.I. No. 89/1951
8. Citizenship, Social Rightss, and Canadian Social Welfare (wd:Q108465608): journal article from 'Canadian Review of Social Policy / Revue canadienne de politique sociale' published in 1991
9. Being Canadian: Dual Citizenship in Historical Perspective (wd:Q58128244): article
10. citizenship, also known as nationality (wd:Q42138): enjoyment by a citizen of civil and political rights of a polity, as well as incurring of duties

[Assistant]
The item for Canadian nationality law or Canadian citizenship is wd:Q1005289.

Now, I will find the property for citizenship or nationality to filter individuals who are Canadian. I will search for "citizenship" property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
2. country for sport, also known as sports nationality, sports country, sport nationality, sporting nationality, sport country (wd:P1532 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): country a person or a team represents when playing a sport, country
3. permanent resident of, also known as landed immigrant of, PR (wd:P5389 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): country or region where a person has the legal status of permanent resident
4. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): person or organization occupying property, used by
5. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
8. right to vote, also known as suffrage (wd:P2964 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): people who have right to vote at this election, referendum, etc.
9. category for people born here, also known as category for place of birth, category of people born here (wd:P1464 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): category item that groups people born in this place, related category
10. A New Nation Votes ID (wd:P12578 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): ID of a person in A New Nation Votes: American Electoral Returns, 1788-1825

[Assistant]
The property for citizenship is wdtn:P27 (country of citizenship).

Now I will construct a SPARQL query to find deceased Canadian individuals (wd:P570 for date of death present, wd:P27 for citizenship wd:Q16 for Canada) who have a FamilySearch person ID (wd:P2889), and their father (wd:P22) who does not have a FamilySearch person ID. I will include the date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father in the results. I will also include labels for readability.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The query failed due to the use of the SERVICE wikibase:label which is unsupported by the endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label for person and father to get their labels.

I will retry the query with these modifications.

[Tool]
Got 30 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                 | personLabel                  | dateOfDeath                         | familySearchID | father                                        | fatherLabel                        |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Tommy Douglas (wd:Q359653)             | Tommy Douglas (en)           | 1986-02-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 9JW9-QTR       | Thomas Douglas (wd:Q106518216)                | Thomas Douglas (en)                |
| Renée Reichmann (wd:Q51457100)         | Renée Reichmann (en)         | 1990-02-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | G8RM-CMJ       | Avraham (Adolf) Gestetner (wd:Q107183739)     | Avraham (Adolf) Gestetner (en)     |
| Leonard Cohen (wd:Q1276)               | Leonard Cohen (en)           | 2016-11-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LRC8-M82       | Nathan Bernard Cohen (wd:Q108418474)          | Nathan Bernard Cohen (en)          |
| Margot Kidder (wd:Q234471)             | Margot Kidder (en)           | 2018-05-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LB59-TN4       | Sidney "Kendall" Kidder (wd:Q111507128)       | Sidney "Kendall" Kidder (en)       |
| Lester B. Pearson (wd:Q128604)         | Lester B. Pearson (en)       | 1972-12-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | L2YX-22R       | Reverend Edwin Arthur Pearson (wd:Q126871126) | Reverend Edwin Arthur Pearson (en) |
| ...                                    | ...                          | ...                                 | ...            | ...                                           | ...                                |
| Margaret Wiseman Stairs (wd:Q18690388) | Margaret Wiseman Stairs (en) | 1875-02-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LHN4-BZD       | William Machin Stairs (wd:Q8014985)           | William Machin Stairs (en)         |
| Manly P. Hall (wd:Q930085)             | Manly P. Hall (en)           | 1990-08-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LBS8-T46       | William Samuel Hall (wd:Q8018081)             | William Samuel Hall (en)           |
| Kate McGarrigle (wd:Q235084)           | Kate McGarrigle (en)         | 2010-01-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LCDW-BF3       | Frank McGarrigle (wd:Q96088717)               | Frank McGarrigle (en)              |
| Charles Trudeau (wd:Q5083036)          | Charles Trudeau (en)         | 1935-04-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | KPDV-TLT       | Joseph Trudeau (wd:Q96234808)                 | Joseph Trudeau (en)                |
| Suzanne Cloutier (wd:Q456476)          | Suzanne Cloutier (en)        | 2003-12-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LCZK-134       | Edmond Cloutier (wd:Q97068618)                | Edmond Cloutier (en)               |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves deceased Canadian individuals who have a FamilySearch person ID and whose fathers do not have a FamilySearch person ID. It includes the requested information: the person's date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father with labels. The query uses appropriate properties and filters, and the results are consistent with the question. The optional labels are correctly included with language filtering. The query is well-formed and the answer is complete and accurate based on the execution results.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P50 wd:Q35610 ; wdt:P31 ?type .
  FILTER ( ?type IN ( wd:Q571 , wd:Q7725634 ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 173 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                                | workLabel                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Adventure of the Speckled Band (wd:Q1060471)                                    | The Adventure of the Speckled Band (en)                                  |
| Polish translation of Conan Doyl...How the Brigadier Saved the Army (wd:Q109177445) | Polish translation of Conan Doyl...How the Brigadier Saved the Army (en) |
| The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor (wd:Q1115266)                                   | The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor (en)                                 |
| The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (wd:Q1129378)                                      | The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (en)                                    |
| The Story of the Japanned Box (wd:Q113078716)                                       | The Story of the Japanned Box (en)                                       |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                      |
| The Lost World (wd:Q785255)                                                         | The Lost World (en)                                                      |
| The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (wd:Q860831)                                         | The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (en)                                      |
| The Valley of Fear (wd:Q863438)                                                     | The Valley of Fear (en)                                                  |
| The Adventure of the Naval Treaty (wd:Q930923)                                      | The Adventure of the Naval Treaty (en)                                   |
| The Adventure of the Three Students (wd:Q961957)                                    | The Adventure of the Three Students (en)                                 |

The books authored by Arthur Conan Doyle include The Adventure of the Speckled Band, The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor, The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes, The Story of the Japanned Box, The Lost World, The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, The Valley of Fear, The Adventure of the Naval Treaty, and The Adventure of the Three Students, among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which books were authored by Arthur Conan Doyle?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Which books were authored by Arthur Conan Doyle?" we need to:

1. Identify the entity for Arthur Conan Doyle in Wikidata.
2. Find the property that relates a book to its author.
3. Query for books that have Arthur Conan Doyle as the author.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Arthur Conan Doyle" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arthur Conan Doyle, also known as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir A. Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, Arthur Conan, Sir Doyle, Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (wd:Q35610): British writer and physician (1859–1930), science fiction writer, crime fiction writer, short story writer, children's writer, physician writer, screenwriter, playwright, physician, historian, essayist, novelist, writer
2. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q13471093): 1927 film
3. Arthur Conan Doyle. (wd:Q52488757): scientific article published in January 1960
4. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q61773675)
5. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q52417813): scientific article published in November 1980
6. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q28051383): painting by Henry L. Gates
7. Arthur conan doyle (wd:Q85135559): scientific article published on 01 September 1991
8. Arthur Conan Doyle bibliography (wd:Q4798323): List of works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
9. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q52490062): scientific article
10. Statue of Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q56295036): statue in Crowborough, East Sussex, England, UK

[Assistant] The entity for Arthur Conan Doyle as a British writer is wd:Q35610. Now, I will find the property that relates a book to its author. Commonly, the property "author" is used for this purpose, but I will verify it by searching for properties related to "author" or "written by" for books.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant] The property "author" (wdt:P50) is the main creator(s) of a written work and is used for authorship. Now I will query for books authored by Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q35610) using this property. I will also check that the works are instances of books.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
2. book (wd:Q997698): common figure in heraldry, used as a symbol of scholarship
3. book graph, also known as book (wd:Q4942925): one of two types of graph: quadrilateral books and square books
4. Kasidet Plookphol, also known as Book (wd:Q110897550): television actor, Thai actor, actor
5. Book (wd:Q5851422): village in Iran
6. Book (wd:Q16860229): family name
7. Book (wd:Q106838557): 2021 studio album by They Might Be Giants
8. .book (wd:Q24033188): top-level domain
9. Book Book, also known as Book Book, New South Wales, Book Book, New South Wales, Australia (wd:Q4942928): suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
10. Book, also known as Book, LA, Book, Louisiana (wd:Q17986011): human settlement in United States of America

[Assistant] The entity for "book" as a medium for recording information is wd:Q571. Now I will write a SPARQL query to find all books (wd:Q571) authored by Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q35610) using the property "author" (wdt:P50).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query returned no results, which might be due to some books not being directly marked as instance of "book" (wd:Q571) but possibly as "literary work" or other subclasses. I will try to broaden the query to include instances of "literary work" (wd:Q7725634) as well as "book" (wd:Q571) authored by Arthur Conan Doyle.

[Tool]
Got 173 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                                                | workLabel                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Adventure of the Speckled Band (wd:Q1060471)                                    | The Adventure of the Speckled Band (en)                                  |
| Polish translation of Conan Doyl...How the Brigadier Saved the Army (wd:Q109177445) | Polish translation of Conan Doyl...How the Brigadier Saved the Army (en) |
| The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor (wd:Q1115266)                                   | The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor (en)                                 |
| The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (wd:Q1129378)                                      | The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (en)                                    |
| The Story of the Japanned Box (wd:Q113078716)                                       | The Story of the Japanned Box (en)                                       |
| ...                                                                                | ...                                                                      |
| The Lost World (wd:Q785255)                                                         | The Lost World (en)                                                      |
| The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (wd:Q860831)                                         | The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (en)                                      |
| The Valley of Fear (wd:Q863438)                                                     | The Valley of Fear (en)                                                  |
| The Adventure of the Naval Treaty (wd:Q930923)                                      | The Adventure of the Naval Treaty (en)                                   |
| The Adventure of the Three Students (wd:Q961957)                                    | The Adventure of the Three Students (en)                                 |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves books authored by Arthur Conan Doyle by filtering for works where he is the author and the work is either a book or a literary work. The query returns both the identifiers and English labels of the works, which is appropriate. The answer lists several well-known books authored by him, consistent with the query results. The query and answer are complete and accurate for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?state ?stateLabel ?coordinates ?officialLanguage ?officialLanguageLabel WHERE {
  ?state wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 .
  ?state wdt:P625 ?coordinates .
  ?state wdt:P37 ?officialLanguage .
  ?state rdfs:label ?stateLabel
  FILTER ( LANG( ?stateLabel ) = "en" ) .
  ?officialLanguage rdfs:label ?officialLanguageLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?officialLanguageLabel ) = "en" )
}
ORDER BY ?stateLabel

Got 381 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| state                 | stateLabel       | coordinates                                  | officialLanguage       | officialLanguageLabel |
| --------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------- |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Nuristani (wd:Q161804) | Nuristani (en)        |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Pamir (wd:Q1772864)    | Pamir (en)            |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Balochi (wd:Q33049)    | Balochi (en)          |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Arabic (wd:Q13955)     | Arabic (en)           |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dari (wd:Q178440)      | Dari (en)             |
| ...                   | ...              | ...                                          | ...                    | ...                   |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | English (wd:Q1860)     | English (en)          |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Venda (wd:Q32704)      | Venda (en)            |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Barwe (wd:Q8826802)    | Barwe (en)            |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Sesotho (wd:Q34340)    | Sesotho (en)          |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Tsonga (wd:Q34327)     | Tsonga (en)           |

The refined query returns all sovereign states that have both coordinates and at least one official language. It includes the state, its coordinates, and its official languages with English labels. This ensures completeness and precision by excluding states without coordinates or official languages.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the sovereign states, their coordinates, and their official languages?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "What are the sovereign states, their coordinates, and their official languages?" I need to identify the following:

1. Entities that are sovereign states.
2. The coordinates (geographical location) of these sovereign states.
3. The official languages of these sovereign states.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "sovereign state."
Step 2: Find the property for coordinates.
Step 3: Find the property for official languages.
Step 4: Construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the sovereign states with their coordinates and official languages.

I will start by searching for the entity "sovereign state" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
2. country, also known as host country, state, sovereign state, land (wd:P17): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings)
3. sovereign state (wd:L642577-S2)
4. Westphalian sovereignty, also known as state sovereignty, Westphalian system (wd:Q442402): concept of the sovereignty of nation-states in Europe
5. state sovereignty, also known as national sovereignty (wd:Q56350990)
6. The Sovereign State (wd:Q7765603): book by Anthony Sampson
7. China (sovereign state) (wd:L1012856-S1)
8. state (sovereign polity) (wd:L1216603-S1)
9. state (sovereign polity) (wd:L1220881-S1)
10. State Sovereignty Day (wd:Q130322685): Day commemorated in honor of the restoration of the sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan following the Anti-Terror Operation

[Assistant]
The entity "sovereign state" is identified as wd:Q3624078 in Wikidata. This represents a state that has the highest authority over a territory.

Next, I need to find the property for coordinates of these sovereign states. I will search for properties related to "coordinates" for the entity "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as p/wdt): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
2. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
3. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
4. has list, also known as list, topic's list, topic list, related list, list for this topic (wd:P2354 as p/wdt): Wikimedia list related to this subject
5. said to be the same as, also known as may be, the same as, synonymous with, same as, same (wd:P460 as p/wdt): this item is said to be the same as that item, though this may be uncertain or disputed
6. opposite of, also known as is the opposite of, opposite to, opposite, is opposite of, inverse (wd:P461 as p/wdt): item that is in some way the opposite of this item
7. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
8. EntitySchema for this class, also known as entity schema for class, schema for class, Shape Expression for class, ShEx for class (wd:P12861 as p/wdt): schema that members of a class should conform to
9. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as p/wdt): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
10. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID, also known as GrEC ID, GREC ID, GEC ID (wd:P12385 as p/wdt): identifier for an item in the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "coordinates" for the entity "sovereign state" did not return a direct property for coordinates. I will try a more general search for properties related to "coordinate" to find the property for coordinates location.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. this zoological name is coordinate with, also known as coordinate name (wd:P2743 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): links coordinate zoological names, different from
3. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
4. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
5. spatial reference system, also known as coordinate reference system, CRS, SRS (wd:P3037 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): frame of reference used to produce a map
6. y-offset, also known as ordinate, y-axis (wd:P8685 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): offset on the y-axis or secondary axis
7. genomic end, also known as stop coordinate, stop, genomic stop, Genloc End, Genloc Stop (wd:P645 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): genomic ending coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
8. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
9. political alignment, also known as political position, alignment (wd:P1387 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): political position within the left–right political spectrum
10. orientation, also known as alignment, direction, face, faces, facing (wd:P7469 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): axis of alignment of an item, or direction perpendicular to its primary face (specify with P518 if necessary)

[Assistant]
The property "coordinate location" (wdt:P625) represents the geocoordinates of the subject. This is the property I will use to get the coordinates of the sovereign states.

Next, I need to find the property for "official language" of a sovereign state. I will search for properties related to "official language" for the entity "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
2. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
3. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
4. Microsoft Academic ID, also known as MS Academic ID, Microsoft ID, Microsoft Academic Work ID, Microsoft Academic topic ID, Microsoft Academic Source ID (wd:P6366 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021)
5. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as p/wdt): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
6. said to be the same as, also known as may be, the same as, synonymous with, same as, same (wd:P460 as p/wdt): this item is said to be the same as that item, though this may be uncertain or disputed
7. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
8. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID, also known as GrEC ID, GREC ID, GEC ID (wd:P12385 as p/wdt): identifier for an item in the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
9. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (former scheme), also known as Catalan encyclopedia ID (former scheme), Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (former scheme), GEC ID (former scheme), GrEC ID (former scheme) (wd:P1296 as p/wdt): identifier for an item in the Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. Replaced with "Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (P12385)".
10. has list, also known as list, topic's list, topic list, related list, list for this topic (wd:P2354 as p/wdt): Wikimedia list related to this subject

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "official language" for the entity "sovereign state" did not return a direct property for official language. I will try a more general search for properties related to "official language" to find the appropriate property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as wdtn/prn/psn/prv/pq/pr/pqn/p/pqv/psv/ps/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Assistant]
The property "official language" (wdt:P37) represents the language designated as official by the item. This is the property I will use to get the official languages of the sovereign states.

Now I have the following:
- Sovereign state entity: wd:Q3624078
- Coordinates property: wdt:P625
- Official language property: wdt:P37

I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve sovereign states with their coordinates and official languages. I will also include labels for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| state                  | stateLabel        | coordinates                                  | officialLanguage               | officialLanguageLabel |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| South Africa (wd:Q258) | South Africa (en) | POINT(24.000000 -29.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Zulu (wd:Q10179)               | Zulu (en)             |
| Taiwan (wd:Q865)       | Taiwan (en)       | POINT(121.000000 24.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Truku (wd:Q11071864)           | Truku (en)            |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         | Mali (en)         | POINT(-4.000000 17.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dogon (wd:Q1234776)            | Dogon (en)            |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         | Mali (en)         | POINT(-4.000000 17.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Bobo (wd:Q12628055)            | Bobo (en)             |
| Switzerland (wd:Q39)   | Switzerland (en)  | POINT(8.231973 46.798562) (geo:wktLiteral)   | Romansh (wd:Q13199)            | Romansh (en)          |
| ...                    | ...               | ...                                          | ...                            | ...                   |
| Taiwan (wd:Q865)       | Taiwan (en)       | POINT(121.000000 24.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Kanakanavu (wd:Q172244)        | Kanakanavu (en)       |
| Ecuador (wd:Q736)      | Ecuador (en)      | POINT(-78.000000 -1.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Northern Quichua (wd:Q1740805) | Northern Quichua (en) |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889)  | Afghanistan (en)  | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Pamir (wd:Q1772864)            | Pamir (en)            |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889)  | Afghanistan (en)  | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dari (wd:Q178440)              | Dari (en)             |
| Botswana (wd:Q963)     | Botswana (en)     | POINT(23.700000 -22.200000) (geo:wktLiteral) | English (wd:Q1860)             | English (en)          |

[Assistant]
I have retrieved a list of sovereign states with their coordinates and official languages. The query results include the state, its coordinates, and its official languages. Some states have multiple official languages, so they appear multiple times with different languages.

I will now provide the final SPARQL query and the answer to the user.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves sovereign states with their coordinates and official languages, which matches the user's question. However, the query uses OPTIONAL for all properties, which means some states might be included even if they lack coordinates or official languages, potentially leading to incomplete or less relevant results. Also, the query limits the results to 100, which might not cover all sovereign states. It would be better to use a more precise approach to ensure that only sovereign states with coordinates and official languages are included, or clarify if partial data is acceptable. Additionally, the labels are retrieved with OPTIONAL and filtered by language, which is good, but the query could be optimized by using VALUES or a more specific filter for sovereign states. Overall, the answer is sensible but could be improved for completeness and precision.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To improve the query, I will:

1. Ensure that only sovereign states that have both coordinates and at least one official language are included by removing the OPTIONAL clauses for these properties.
2. Keep the labels with language filtering for readability.
3. Remove the LIMIT to include all sovereign states with the required data.
4. Use a more precise filter to ensure only sovereign states are included.

I will now refine the SPARQL query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 381 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| state                 | stateLabel       | coordinates                                  | officialLanguage       | officialLanguageLabel |
| --------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------- |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Nuristani (wd:Q161804) | Nuristani (en)        |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Pamir (wd:Q1772864)    | Pamir (en)            |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Balochi (wd:Q33049)    | Balochi (en)          |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Arabic (wd:Q13955)     | Arabic (en)           |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889) | Afghanistan (en) | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dari (wd:Q178440)      | Dari (en)             |
| ...                   | ...              | ...                                          | ...                    | ...                   |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | English (wd:Q1860)     | English (en)          |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Venda (wd:Q32704)      | Venda (en)            |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Barwe (wd:Q8826802)    | Barwe (en)            |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Sesotho (wd:Q34340)    | Sesotho (en)          |
| Zimbabwe (wd:Q954)    | Zimbabwe (en)    | POINT(30.000000 -19.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Tsonga (wd:Q34327)     | Tsonga (en)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves sovereign states along with their coordinates and official languages, including English labels for readability. It properly filters for English labels and ensures that only states with both coordinates and official languages are included. The query results are comprehensive and well-structured, matching the user's request accurately. No further refinements are necessary.