PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ( COUNT( ?airport ) AS ?operationalAirports ) ?population WHERE {
  ?airport wdt:P31 wd:Q1248784 .
  ?airport wdt:P17 ?country .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?airport wdt:P582 ?endTime .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?airport wdt:P576 ?dissolvedDate .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?airport wdt:P2669 ?discontinuedDate .
  }
  FILTER ( ! BOUND( ?endTime ) && ! BOUND( ?dissolvedDate ) && ! BOUND( ?discontinuedDate ) ) ?country wdt:P1082 ?population .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?country ?countryLabel ?population
ORDER BY DESC ( ?operationalAirports )

Got 210 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                       | countryLabel                                         | operationalAirports | population              |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------- |
| United States (wd:Q30)                                        | United States (en)                                   | 12805 (xsd:int)     | 340110988 (xsd:decimal) |
| Canada (wd:Q16)                                               | Canada (en)                                          | 1248 (xsd:int)      | 36991981 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Brazil (wd:Q155)                                              | Brazil (en)                                          | 649 (xsd:int)       | 203062512 (xsd:decimal) |
| Australia (wd:Q408)                                           | Australia (en)                                       | 475 (xsd:int)       | 26473055 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Russia (wd:Q159)                                              | Russia (en)                                          | 386 (xsd:int)       | 146119928 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                                                           | ...                                                  | ...                 | ...                     |
| Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (wd:Q4843701) | Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (en) | 1 (xsd:int)         | 6365563 (xsd:decimal)   |
| Western Sahara (wd:Q6250)                                     | Western Sahara (en)                                  | 1 (xsd:int)         | 612000 (xsd:decimal)    |
| Palau (wd:Q695)                                               | Palau (en)                                           | 1 (xsd:int)         | 21729 (xsd:decimal)     |
| Nazi Germany (wd:Q7318)                                       | Nazi Germany (en)                                    | 1 (xsd:int)         | 79730000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Jersey (wd:Q785)                                              | Jersey (en)                                          | 1 (xsd:int)         | 105500 (xsd:decimal)    |

The refined query now excludes airports that have an end time (wdt:P582), a dissolved, abolished or demolished date (wdt:P576), or a discontinued date (wdt:P2669). This ensures that only currently operational airports are counted. The query returns the current number of operational airports and the population for each country, with country labels in English when available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What is the current number of operational airports and the population for each country, excluding airports that have an end time or a dissolved, abolished, or demolished date, if available?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the following:
1. Entities representing countries.
2. Properties representing airports located in those countries.
3. Properties indicating the operational status of airports, specifically excluding airports that have an end time or a dissolved, abolished, or demolished date.
4. Properties representing the population of each country.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "country" and the property for "country" of an airport.
Step 2: Identify the entity for "airport" and properties related to the operational status of airports (end time, dissolved, abolished, demolished).
Step 3: Identify the property for population of a country.

I will start by searching for the entity "airport" to confirm its identifier in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. airport, also known as aerodrome, air port, airports (wd:Q1248784): location where aircraft take off and land with extended support facilities, mostly for commercial air transport
2. Airport (wd:Q409022): 1970 film directed by George Seaton
3. AirPort, also known as Apple AirPort (wd:Q697292): brand of wifi router equipment made by Apple Inc.
4. Airport, also known as Airport, CA, Airport, California (wd:Q4698872): census-designated place in Stanislaus County, California, USA
5. Airport (wd:Q2604087): 1968 novel by Arthur Hailey
6. Kasese Airport, also known as Airport, HUKS, KSE (wd:Q6374123): airport in Uganda
7. Basongo Airport, also known as airport, BAN, FZVR (wd:Q3339360): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
8. Bambili-Dingila Airport, also known as airport, FZKB, Aéroport de Bambili-Dingila (wd:Q3206837): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
9. Bokungu Airport, also known as Airport, FZGF (wd:Q4938837): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
10. Airport, also known as Rapid Airport (wd:Q11289474): Rapid trains in Hokkaido, Japan

[Assistant] The entity for "airport" is wd:Q1248784. Next, I will search for properties related to the operational status of airports, specifically looking for properties that indicate an end time or a dissolved, abolished, or demolished date. I will search for properties related to "end time" or "dissolved" for the airport entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
2. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
3. icon, also known as pictogram, symbol (wd:P2910 as p/wdt): pictogram suitable to represent the item. For logos of a subject...go image" (P154); for favicons, use "small logo or icon" (P8972), image
4. video, also known as gif, animation, trailer, media (wd:P10 as p/wdt): relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550)
5. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
8. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
9. FAST ID, also known as Faceted Application of Subject Terminology ID, FAST subject heading, fst, worldcat.org/fast (wd:P2163 as p/wdt/wdtn): authority control identifier in WorldCat's “FAST Linked Data” authority file
10. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as p/wdt): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible

No other items found

[Assistant] No direct property for "end time" or "dissolved" related to airports was found in the search for properties of the airport entity. I will try searching for properties related to "dissolved" in general to find relevant properties that might indicate the operational status of an airport.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
2. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
3. merged into, also known as absorbed in, acquired by, annexed to, bought by, dissolved into (wd:P7888 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): the subject was dissolved and merged into the object, that existed previously
4. discharge (wd:P2225 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): volume rate of water flow which is transported through a given cross-sectional area
5. destroyed, also known as ihe anụ ahụ nke ihe omume a mebiri (wd:P3082 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): physical items destroyed by this event
6. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
7. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
8. separated from, also known as branched from, broke from, forked from, schism from, seceded from (wd:P807 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): subject was founded or started by separating from identified object
9. stage reached, also known as eliminated at, point achieved, round reached (wd:P2443 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): ultimate point in an event or competition reached by a participant
10. follows, also known as prev, successor to, succeeds to, succeeds, split from (wd:P155 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): immediately prior item in a series of which the subject is a par... preceding item, e.g. political offices, use "replaces" (P1365)]

[Assistant]
There are relevant properties for indicating the operational status of an airport:
- end time (wdt:P582): moment when an entity ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid.
- dissolved, abolished or demolished date (wdt:P576): point in time at which the subject (organization, building) ceased to exist.

Next, I will identify the property for the country in which an airport is located. I will search for properties related to "country" for the airport entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
2. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
3. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
4. properties for this type, also known as uses properties, Wikidata properties for this type, Wikidata properties for this class, uses property, things one could say about (wd:P1963 as p/wdt): when this subject is used as object of “instance of”, the following properties normally apply
5. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as p/wdt): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
6. subreddit, also known as r/, reddit, Reddit community ID, Reddit forum, Reddit sub ID (wd:P3984 as p/wdt): name of the Reddit forum associated to this subject
7. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
8. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
9. video, also known as gif, animation, trailer, media (wd:P10 as p/wdt): relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550)
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Assistant] No direct property for "country" was found for the airport entity. I will try searching for properties related to "located in" or "location" for the airport entity to find the property that links an airport to a country.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. properties for this type, also known as uses properties, Wikidata properties for this type, Wikidata properties for this class, uses property, things one could say about (wd:P1963 as p/wdt): when this subject is used as object of “instance of”, the following properties normally apply
4. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as p/wdt): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
5. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
6. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. icon, also known as pictogram, symbol (wd:P2910 as p/wdt): pictogram suitable to represent the item. For logos of a subject...go image" (P154); for favicons, use "small logo or icon" (P8972), image
9. video, also known as gif, animation, trailer, media (wd:P10 as p/wdt): relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550)
10. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as p/wdt): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)

No other items found

[Assistant] No direct property for "located in" was found for the airport entity. I will try searching for properties related to "location" for the airport entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
2. subreddit, also known as r/, reddit, Reddit community ID, Reddit forum, Reddit sub ID (wd:P3984 as p/wdt): name of the Reddit forum associated to this subject
3. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as p/wdt): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible
4. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as p/wdt): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
6. video, also known as gif, animation, trailer, media (wd:P10 as p/wdt): relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550)
7. properties for this type, also known as uses properties, Wikidata properties for this type, Wikidata properties for this class, uses property, things one could say about (wd:P1963 as p/wdt): when this subject is used as object of “instance of”, the following properties normally apply
8. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
9. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
10. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as p/wdt/wdtn): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations

No other items found

[Assistant] No direct property for "location" was found for the airport entity. I will try searching for properties related to "country" in general to find the property that links an airport to a country.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
2. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. continent (wd:P30 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The property "country" (wdt:P17) is used to indicate the sovereign state that an item is in. This is likely the property used to link airports to countries.

Next, I will identify the property for the population of a country. I will search for properties related to "population" for the entity "country" (wd:Q6256).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as p/wdt): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
2. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
5. geoshape, also known as Commons map data, geographic data, geographic shape, .map, map data (wd:P3896 as p/wdt): geographic data from Wikimedia Commons
6. OpenStreetMap tag or key, also known as tag, OSM wiki tag or key, OpenStreetMap relation role, OSM tag or key, OSM tag (wd:P1282 as p/wdt): OpenStreetMap tagging schema (a Key:key, Tag:key=value, Relation:type, or Role:role) for classes, properties, and values
7. model item, also known as specimen, sample, featured item, example item, best example (wd:P5869 as p/wdt): defines which item is a best practice example of modelling a sub...lue of this property, usage instructions at Wikidata:Model items
8. PSH ID, also known as Czech Technical Library ID, PSH, PSH identifier (wd:P1051 as p/wdt): identifier in the authority database of the Czech Technical Library
9. properties for this type, also known as uses properties, Wikidata properties for this type, Wikidata properties for this class, uses property, things one could say about (wd:P1963 as p/wdt): when this subject is used as object of “instance of”, the following properties normally apply
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Assistant] No direct property for "population" was found for the entity "country" in the search for properties of the country entity. I will try searching for properties related to "population" in general to find the property that represents the population of a country.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Assistant]
The property "population" (wdt:P1082) represents the number of people inhabiting a place, which is suitable for representing the population of a country.

Now I have the following information:
- Airport entity: wd:Q1248784
- Property for country of an airport: wdt:P17
- Properties indicating non-operational status of airports: wdt:P582 (end time), wdt:P576 (dissolved, abolished or demolished date)
- Property for population of a country: wdt:P1082

I will now construct a SPARQL query to get the current number of operational airports and the population for each country, excluding airports that have an end time or a dissolved, abolished, or demolished date.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant] The query failed because the SERVICE wikibase:label is not supported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label for country labels.

[Tool]
Got 210 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                                       | countryLabel                                         | operationalAirports | population              |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------- |
| United States (wd:Q30)                                        | United States (en)                                   | 12805 (xsd:int)     | 340110988 (xsd:decimal) |
| Canada (wd:Q16)                                               | Canada (en)                                          | 1248 (xsd:int)      | 36991981 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Brazil (wd:Q155)                                              | Brazil (en)                                          | 649 (xsd:int)       | 203062512 (xsd:decimal) |
| Australia (wd:Q408)                                           | Australia (en)                                       | 475 (xsd:int)       | 26473055 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Russia (wd:Q159)                                              | Russia (en)                                          | 386 (xsd:int)       | 146119928 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                                                           | ...                                                  | ...                 | ...                     |
| Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (wd:Q4843701) | Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (en) | 1 (xsd:int)         | 6365563 (xsd:decimal)   |
| Western Sahara (wd:Q6250)                                     | Western Sahara (en)                                  | 1 (xsd:int)         | 612000 (xsd:decimal)    |
| Palau (wd:Q695)                                               | Palau (en)                                           | 1 (xsd:int)         | 21729 (xsd:decimal)     |
| Nazi Germany (wd:Q7318)                                       | Nazi Germany (en)                                    | 1 (xsd:int)         | 79730000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Jersey (wd:Q785)                                              | Jersey (en)                                          | 1 (xsd:int)         | 105500 (xsd:decimal)    |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly counts operational airports and retrieves population for each country, excluding airports with an end time or dissolved date. However, it misses filtering out airports with 'abolished' or 'demolished' dates as requested in the question. The property P576 (dissolved date) is used, but 'abolished' or 'demolished' dates might be represented by other properties such as P576 or P2669 (discontinued date). Also, the query uses OPTIONAL for labels, which is good, but the label retrieval should be in an OPTIONAL block with a FILTER for English labels, which is already done. The query otherwise seems well-structured and returns expected results. To improve, add filtering for 'abolished' or 'demolished' dates if they are represented by other properties, and ensure all relevant properties for the exclusion criteria are covered.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To improve the query, I will include filtering for airports that have an "abolished" or "demolished" date, which might be represented by properties such as "discontinued date" (wdt:P2669) in addition to the already included "end time" (wdt:P582) and "dissolved, abolished or demolished date" (wdt:P576). I will exclude airports that have any of these properties set.

I will update the query accordingly and provide the refined version.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly excludes airports that have an end time, dissolved/abolished/demolished date, or discontinued date, ensuring only currently operational airports are counted. It retrieves the number of operational airports and the population for each country, including country labels in English as requested. The query groups and orders the results appropriately, and the execution result shows plausible data. The output is complete and accurate for the user's question.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?item WHERE {
  VALUES ?property {
    wdt:P2047 wdt:P1264 wdt:P585 wdt:P2913 wdt:P2911 wdt:P2097 wdt:P4895 wdt:P4241 wdt:P580
  }
  ?item ?property ?value .
}

Got 2,139,392 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                               |
| -------------------------------------------------- |
| field of area 6 iku or 1/3 bur (wd:L1083327-S3)    |
| wd:L1191263-S4                                     |
| dog of a non-japanese breed (wd:L1372484-S1)       |
| dog of a non-japanese breed (wd:L1372486-S1)       |
| fog (wd:L1375472-S1)                               |
| ...                                                |
| Buck ai confini del cielo (wd:Q999900)             |
| Reef Blower (wd:Q999929)                           |
| wd:Q9999401                                        |
| 1989 Estonian Badminton Championships (wd:Q999967) |
| wd:Q9999846                                        |

The distinct items that have statements with properties related to time and duration, such as duration (P2047), valid in period (P1264), point in time (P585), date depicted (P2913), time gap (P2911), term length of position (P2097), time index (P4895), refine date (P4241), and start time (P580), are returned by this query. Since properties are not used as classes for instances, this query returns items related to these properties.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the distinct items that are instances of either a Wikidata property with datatype 'time' or a Wikidata property related to time and duration?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify Wikidata properties that either have the datatype "time" or are related to time and duration. Then, I will find distinct items that are instances of these properties.

Step 1: Find Wikidata properties with datatype "time."
Step 2: Find Wikidata properties related to time and duration.
Step 3: Find distinct items that are instances of these properties.

I will start by searching for properties with datatype "time."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
2. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
3. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
4. duration, also known as time length, timespan, time span, time interval, runtime (wd:P2047 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): length of time of an event or process
5. located in time zone, also known as TZ, time zone, timezone (wd:P421 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): time zone for this item
6. Wikidata time precision, also known as timePrecision in Wikibase (wd:P2803 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): numeric value used by Wikidata to describe the corresponding tim...with this property with values from 0 to 14 (second), year is 9.
7. reports periodicity, also known as data interval, data periodicity, mesurements periodicity (wd:P6339 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): physical quantity corresponding to the interval of time between two measurements or reported data
8. refine date, also known as date refinement, exact time, hour, local time, quarter (wd:P4241 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): qualifier to narrow down the precision of a date not fully specified by the Wikidata time datatype precision field
9. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): time period when a statement is valid
10. date depicted, also known as depicted date, temporal coverage, shown as at date, depicts date, depicted time (wd:P2913 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): date represented in a work (for narrative works use P2408)

[Assistant]
I found several properties related to time and duration, including:
- point in time (wdt:P585)
- time index (wdt:P4895)
- term length of position (wdt:P2097)
- duration (wdt:P2047)
- located in time zone (wdt:P421)
- Wikidata time precision (wdt:P2803)
- reports periodicity (wdt:P6339)
- refine date (wdt:P4241)
- valid in period (wdt:P1264)
- date depicted (wdt:P2913)

Now, I will check the datatype of these properties to identify those with datatype "time." Then I will find distinct items that are instances of these properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
The query to get the datatype of the properties did not return results because the property type is not directly linked with wdt: prefix. I need to query the property type using the property entity (e.g., wd:P585) and the property type predicate (wdt:P31) or the Wikibase property type predicate (wikibase:propertyType).

I will rewrite the query to get the datatype of these properties using the correct predicates.

[Tool]
Got 24 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| property                       | propertyLabel            | datatype                                                                       |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| valid in period (wd:P1264)     | valid in period (en)     | Wikidata qualifier restricting a statement time-wise (wd:Q115429021)           |
| valid in period (wd:P1264)     | valid in period (en)     | Wikidata property used as "depicts" (P180) qualifier on Commons (wd:Q70564278) |
| duration (wd:P2047)            | duration (en)            | Wikidata property related to creative works (wd:Q18618644)                     |
| duration (wd:P2047)            | duration (en)            | orderable Wikidata property (wd:Q18668171)                                     |
| duration (wd:P2047)            | duration (en)            | Wikidata property for physical quantities (wd:Q21077852)                       |
| ...                            | ...                      | ...                                                                            |
| point in time (wd:P585)        | point in time (en)       | Wikidata qualifier restricting a statement time-wise (wd:Q115429021)           |
| point in time (wd:P585)        | point in time (en)       | restrictive or non-restrictive qualifier (wd:Q122233685)                       |
| point in time (wd:P585)        | point in time (en)       | Wikidata property with datatype 'time' (wd:Q18636219)                          |
| point in time (wd:P585)        | point in time (en)       | Wikidata property used as "depicts" (P180) qualifier on Commons (wd:Q70564278) |
| reports periodicity (wd:P6339) | reports periodicity (en) | Wikidata property (wd:Q18616576)                                               |

[Assistant]
The property "point in time" (wd:P585) has the datatype 'time' (wd:Q18636219).

Now I will find distinct items that are instances of either:
- a Wikidata property with datatype 'time' (like wd:P585)
- or a Wikidata property related to time and duration (like wd:P2047 duration, wd:P1264 valid in period, etc.)

I will query for distinct items that are instances of these properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query did not return results because I mistakenly combined the instance of (wdt:P31) with the properties in the same triple pattern, which is incorrect.

I need to find distinct items that have statements with these properties (not necessarily instance of these properties).

I will rewrite the query to find distinct items that have any of these properties as predicates.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                            |
| ----------------------------------------------- |
| field of area 6 iku or 1/3 bur (wd:L1083327-S3) |
| dog of a non-japanese breed (wd:L1372484-S1)    |
| dog of a non-japanese breed (wd:L1372486-S1)    |
| fog (wd:L1375472-S1)                            |
| wd:L29364-F2                                    |
| ...                                             |
| Wijlre (wd:Q100019)                             |
| Cambridge (wd:Q1000191)                         |
| Cambridge (wd:Q1000196)                         |
| Mechelen (wd:Q100020)                           |
| Halstad (wd:Q1000201)                           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies items that have statements with properties related to time and duration, which aligns with the user's question. However, the question asks for items that are instances of either a Wikidata property with datatype 'time' or a property related to time and duration. The current query only finds items that have these properties but does not check if the items themselves are instances of such properties. To better match the question, the query should be refined to explicitly find items that are instances of properties with datatype 'time' or properties related to time and duration, rather than just items that have these properties. Additionally, the query currently returns a very large number of results, which might include many irrelevant items. Adding a clause to filter items that are instances of properties with the specified datatype or related to time would improve precision.

[Assistant]
The feedback indicates that the query should focus on items that are instances of properties with datatype 'time' or properties related to time and duration, rather than items that simply have these properties. This means we need to find items where the property "instance of" (wdt:P31) points to properties that have datatype 'time' or are related to time and duration.

Step 1: Identify properties with datatype 'time' or related to time and duration.
Step 2: Find items that are instances of these properties (i.e., ?item wdt:P31 ?property, where ?property is one of the identified properties).

I will first find properties with datatype 'time' or related to time and duration. Then I will find items that are instances of these properties.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| property                                   |
| ------------------------------------------ |
| recording date (wd:P10135)                 |
| date of first performance (wd:P1191)       |
| chronological designation (wd:P12044)     |
| date of application (wd:P12413)            |
| time of earliest written record (wd:P1249) |
| ...                                        |
| latest start date (wd:P8555)               |
| extinction date (wd:P8556)                 |
| date postally canceled (wd:P9052)          |
| introduced on (wd:P9448)                   |
| date of resignation (wd:P9667)             |

[Assistant] I found properties with datatype 'time' (wd:Q18636219). Now I will find items that are instances of these properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no items that are instances of properties with datatype 'time' because properties themselves are not typically instances of datatype classes.

The question might be interpreted as: find items that are instances of either a property with datatype 'time' or a property related to time and duration. Since properties are not instances of datatypes, I will instead find items that are instances of classes related to time and duration.

I will search for classes related to time and duration and then find items that are instances of those classes.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. unit interval, also known as pulse time, symbol duration time (wd:Q1617319): in data transmission
2. Injection Duration Timer (wd:Q69734877): scientific article published on 01 March 1974
3. Unsettled Time, Sensuous Duration (wd:Q129058117): scholarly article
4. long time, great duration (wd:L1318841-S2)
5. time; period (a duration) (wd:L655423-S2)
6. About Time: Fashion and Duration (wd:Q115055174): 2020–2021 Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum
7. Duration of time in time-related words (wd:Q71273223): scientific article published on 01 December 1969
8. Medical consultation, time and duration (wd:Q57491799): scientific article published on 26 September 2018
9. Newborn daily crying time duration (wd:Q102049985): scientific article published on 09 November 2020
10. Wearing time duration in orthodontics (wd:Q67890502): scientific article published on 01 November 1991

[Assistant]
The search for entities related to "time duration" returned mostly scientific articles and some other entities that are not classes.

I will try to find classes related to "time" and "duration" separately to identify relevant classes. Then I will find items that are instances of these classes.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. time (wd:Q11471): dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future
2. time (wd:Q11471): dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future
3. Time, also known as Time Magazine (wd:Q43297): American news magazine and website
4. Time (wd:Q641913): original song written, composed, and performed by British band Pink Floyd
5. Time, also known as Time IL, Time, IL, Time, Illinois (wd:Q2668426): village in Pike County, Illinois, United States of America
6. time, also known as UNIX time (wd:Q284081): command in the Unix operating systems
7. Time, also known as Shi gan, 시간 (wd:Q483909): 2006 South Korean film directed by Kim Ki-duk
8. Time (wd:Q966331): 1981 studio album by Electric Light Orchestra
9. Time (wd:Q28841873): 2017 song by O.Torvald
10. Titan Mare Explorer, also known as TiME (wd:Q1318053): proposed spacecraft lander that would probe Titan

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. duration, also known as musical duration, rest duration, note duration, duration of rest, duration of note (wd:Q16038819): aspect of music
2. duration, also known as duration (philosophy) (wd:Q2341537): theory of time and consciousness posited by the French philosopher Henri Bergson
3. duration (wd:Q5316263): the number of calendar periods from a project element execution starts to it is completed
4. héng, also known as Persevering, Hexagram for Duration, Duration, Constancy, hexagram 32 (wd:Q10788029): hexagram
5. duration, also known as amount of time, elapsed time, length, length of time, period (wd:Q2199864): physical quantity for describing the temporal distance between events
6. Duration (wd:Q119224434): 2017 work of public art by Monika Bravo located in Prospect Av (R) station (New York City Transit)
7. duration (wd:Q116951346): JavaScript library
8. duration, also known as timespan, time span, time length, time interval, length of time (wd:P2047): length of time of an event or process
9. duration (wd:L498450-S3)
10. duration (wd:L227381-F1)

[Assistant]
I found the class "time" (wd:Q11471) and the class "duration" (wd:Q2199864) which is a physical quantity describing the temporal distance between events.

Now I will find items that are instances of either "time" or "duration" or subclasses of these classes.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                                   |
| ------------------------------------------------------ |
| one second (wd:L1365200-S1)                            |
| long (wd:L1369406-S1)                                  |
| wd:L579581                                             |
| wd:Q100380790                                          |
| National Day for the Right to Identity (wd:Q100740692) |
| ...                                                    |
| 694 BC (wd:Q1059752)                                   |
| 695 BC (wd:Q1059769)                                   |
| 699 BC (wd:Q1059811)                                   |
| 926 BC (wd:Q1059819)                                   |
| 945 BC (wd:Q1059821)                                   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves distinct items that are instances of either the class 'time' (wd:Q11471) or 'duration' (wd:Q2199864). However, the question asks for items that are instances of either a Wikidata property with datatype 'time' or a Wikidata property related to time and duration. The current query only considers instances of the classes 'time' and 'duration' but does not specifically check for properties with datatype 'time' or properties related to time and duration. To better align with the question, the query should be refined to identify Wikidata properties (wdt:P31 wd:Q18616576 for properties) that have a datatype related to 'time' or are related to time and duration, and then find their instances or related items. Additionally, the query should ensure it returns the actual identifiers of the items as required. Therefore, a refinement is needed to better capture the intended meaning of the question.

[Assistant]
The feedback clarifies that the question specifically asks for items that are instances of Wikidata properties with datatype 'time' or properties related to time and duration. Properties in Wikidata are instances of the class "Wikidata property" (wd:Q18616576). So, the approach should be:

1. Identify properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" (wd:Q18616576) and have datatype 'time' or are related to time and duration.
2. Find items that are instances of these properties.

I will first find properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" and have datatype 'time' or are related to time and duration. Then I will find items that are instances of these properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" and have datatype 'time' or related to duration returned no results. This might be because the datatype is not linked via subclass (wdt:P279*), but rather through a specific property indicating the datatype of the property.

I will try to find properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" and have a direct statement about their datatype being 'time' or related to duration. The datatype of a property is usually indicated by the property "property has data type" (wdt:P2302) or similar.

I will search for properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" and have a datatype 'time' or related to duration using the appropriate property for datatype.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find properties with datatype 'time' or related to duration using property P2302 (property has data type) returned no results. It is possible that the datatype information is stored differently.

I will try to find properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" and have a statement about their datatype using other predicates or qualifiers.

Alternatively, I will search for properties that are instances of "Wikidata property" and have labels or descriptions related to "time" or "duration" to identify relevant properties.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. duration, also known as time length, timespan, time span, time interval, runtime (wd:P2047 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): length of time of an event or process
2. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): time period when a statement is valid
3. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
4. date depicted, also known as depicted date, temporal coverage, shown as at date, depicts date, depicted time (wd:P2913 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): date represented in a work (for narrative works use P2408)
5. time gap, also known as gap (wd:P2911 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): time gap to winner time (P2781)
6. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
7. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
8. refine date, also known as date refinement, exact time, hour, local time, quarter (wd:P4241 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): qualifier to narrow down the precision of a date not fully specified by the Wikidata time datatype precision field
9. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
10. torque, also known as moment, moment of force (wd:P2230 as psv/pqn/prv/wdtn/pr/ps/p/pqv/prn/wdt/psn/pq): torque of a machine, a motor/engine/powerplant, or a vehicle

[Assistant]
I found several properties related to time and duration, such as duration (wd:P2047), valid in period (wd:P1264), point in time (wd:P585), date depicted (wd:P2913), time gap (wd:P2911), term length of position (wd:P2097), time index (wd:P4895), refine date (wd:P4241), and start time (wd:P580).

I will now find items that are instances of these properties.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no items that are instances of these properties because properties themselves are not typically used as classes for instances.

The question asks for items that are instances of either a Wikidata property with datatype 'time' or a Wikidata property related to time and duration. Since properties are not used as classes for instances, the question might be interpreted as asking for items that have statements with these properties or are related to these properties.

I will return to the previous approach of finding distinct items that have statements with these properties related to time and duration.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT ?member ?startTime ?electoralDistrict ?election WHERE {
  ?member wdt:P39 ?position .
  ?position wdt:P279 * wd:Q29169698 .
  ?member p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 ?position .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P580 ?startTime .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P768 ?electoralDistrict .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P2710 ?election .
  }
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?endTime .
  }
}
LIMIT 20

The current members of the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) without an end time specified, along with their start time, are:
1. Yassine Mami (start time: 2023-05-11)
2. Anouar Marzouki (start time: 2023-03-13)
3. Saoussen Mabrouk (start time: 2023-03-13)

For these members, the electoral district and the election in which they were elected are not available in the data.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who are the current members of the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) without an end time specified, along with their start time, electoral district, and the election in which they were elected, if available?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to identify the entity for the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) in Wikidata. Then, I will look for the current members of this parliament who do not have an end time specified for their membership. Additionally, I will retrieve their start time, electoral district, and the election in which they were elected if this information is available.

Step 1: Search for the entity representing the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q18342090): lower chamber of the Tunisian parliament
2. Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q116263206): lower house of the Tunisian parliament
3. Speaker of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q3409183): Tunisian public office
4. 1st Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q18600849): legislative term
5. 2nd Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q76597913): legislative term
6. 3rd Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q124029828): legislative term
7. Member of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People (wd:Q29169698): member of the Tunisian parliament
8. Member of the 1st legislature of...he Representatives of the People (wd:Q42772392): position
9. Assembly of the People United (wd:Q65086399): Bissau-Guinean political party
10. Member of the Assembly of Representatives (wd:Q59772560): member of the parliamentary assembly of the Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine

[Assistant]
The entity "Assembly of the Representatives of the People" representing the lower chamber of the Tunisian parliament is wd:Q18342090. Next, I will find the current members of this assembly who do not have an end time specified for their membership. I will also try to retrieve their start time, electoral district, and the election in which they were elected if available.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the members of this assembly with the mentioned details.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The query failed because the SERVICE wikibase:label is not supported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label for the labels.

I will now rewrite and execute the query again.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 1.3 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant] The query is too large and causes memory issues on the endpoint. To reduce the memory usage, I will limit the number of results and remove some optional labels for now. I will first try to get the members with their start time, electoral district, and election without labels, limiting the results to 20. Then I can add labels if the query runs successfully.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 4 columns:
| member                           | startTime                           | electoralDistrict | election |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------- | -------- |
| Yassine Mami (wd:Q119862501)     | 2023-05-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                   |          |
| Anouar Marzouki (wd:Q129169085)  | 2023-03-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                   |          |
| Saoussen Mabrouk (wd:Q129169086) | 2023-03-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                   |          |

[Assistant] I found 3 current members of the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) without an end time specified. They have start times but no electoral district or election information available in these results. I will now try to get the English labels for these members, their electoral districts, and elections if available.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 3.2 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant] The query to get labels for just three members also failed due to memory issues. I will simplify the query further by only retrieving the labels for the members themselves, without the other optional properties, to reduce memory usage.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| member                           | memberLabel           |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Yassine Mami (wd:Q119862501)     | Yassine Mami (en)     |
| Anouar Marzouki (wd:Q129169085)  | Anouar Marzouki (en)  |
| Saoussen Mabrouk (wd:Q129169086) | Saoussen Mabrouk (en) |

[Assistant] I successfully retrieved the English labels for the three members. Now I will combine this with the previous data to provide the current members of the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) without an end time specified, along with their start time, electoral district, and election if available. I will include labels for the members, electoral districts, and elections, but limit the results to 20 to avoid memory issues.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 1.7 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
The query with labels for all members, electoral districts, and elections is still too large for the endpoint. Since the initial query without labels worked and returned 3 members, I will provide the answer based on that data, including the English labels for the members that I retrieved separately. The electoral district and election information is not available for these members in the current data.

I will now finalize the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves current members of the Tunisian parliament (Assembly of the Representatives of the People) who do not have an end time specified. It also retrieves their start time, electoral district, and election if available. The answer clearly lists the members found along with their start times and notes the absence of electoral district and election data. The query uses appropriate properties and filters, and the results align with the question's requirements. No further refinement is necessary.