PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?structure ?structureLabel ?lat ?lon WHERE {
  ?structure wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q811979 ; wdt:P625 ?coord .
  BIND( geof:latitude ( ?coord ) AS ?lat ) BIND( geof:longitude ( ?coord ) AS ?lon ) FILTER ( ?lat > 52.4704 && ?lat < 52.5604 && ?lon > 13.5073 && ?lon < 13.6553 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?structure rdfs:label ?structureLabel FILTER ( lang( ?structureLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

Got 100 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| structure                                                             | structureLabel                                             | lat                   | lon                   |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Biberstraße (wd:Q101437437)                                           | Biberstraße (en)                                           | 52.5501 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5913 (xsd:decimal) |
| Landsberger Chaussee (wd:Q101437650)                                  | Landsberger Chaussee (en)                                  | 52.5489 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5911 (xsd:decimal) |
| Busbahnhof Marzahn (wd:Q1017241)                                      | Busbahnhof Marzahn (en)                                    | 52.5429 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5428 (xsd:decimal) |
| Dahlwitz church (wd:Q101849406)                                       | Dahlwitz church (en)                                       | 52.5045 (xsd:decimal) | 13.6498 (xsd:decimal) |
| Ahornstraße (wd:Q102197141)                                           | Ahornstraße (en)                                           | 52.4818 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5761 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                                                                   | ...                                                        | ...                   | ...                   |
| fountain in the Hellersdorfer Promenade (wd:Q108600513)               | fountain in the Hellersdorfer Promenade (en)               | 52.5406 (xsd:decimal) | 13.6067 (xsd:decimal) |
| Postmeilensäule – Brunnen – Reliefs vier Jahreszeiten (wd:Q108600586) | Postmeilensäule – Brunnen – Reliefs vier Jahreszeiten (en) | 52.5417 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5955 (xsd:decimal) |
| Havelländer Ring (wd:Q108600704)                                      | Havelländer Ring (en)                                      | 52.5425 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5951 (xsd:decimal) |
| Hellersdorfer Promenade (wd:Q108600792)                               | Hellersdorfer Promenade (en)                               | 52.5428 (xsd:decimal) | 13.6063 (xsd:decimal) |
| Evangelical Christian Church Berlin-Hellersdorf (wd:Q108600932)       | Evangelical Christian Church Berlin-Hellersdorf (en)       | 52.5415 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5956 (xsd:decimal) |

This query returns all distinct architectural structures within an approximate bounding box around the coordinates (13.5812565, 52.5153623), including their IRIs, optional English labels, and coordinates. Please note: due to endpoint limitations, a true 5 km radius filter is not possible, so some results may fall just outside the actual 5 km circle, and some within the circle but outside the box may be missed.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the architectural structures within a 5 km radius of the coordinates (13.5812565, 52.5153623), along with their latitude and longitude?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for "architectural structures" within a 5 km radius of the coordinates (13.5812565, 52.5153623).
2. We need to return their latitude and longitude.

First, I need to identify how "architectural structures" are represented in Wikidata (likely as an instance of "architectural structure" or subclasses). Then, I need to find properties for coordinates (latitude and longitude). Finally, I need to construct a spatial query to find items within a 5 km radius.

Let's start by searching for the entity "architectural structure" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. architectural structure, also known as designed structure, structures in architecture, structures, structure in architecture, structure (wd:Q811979): human-designed and -made structure
2. architectural structure (wd:L31083-S2)
3. architectural design, also known as architectural structure design (wd:Q3922674): design of buildings and their environments
4. fictional architectural structure (wd:Q63959448): architectural structure which only exists in a work of fiction
5. building; architectural structure (wd:L39822-S1)
6. an architectural structure (wd:L1372925-S1)
7. dome-like architectural structure (wd:L318962-S1)
8. art museum architectural structure (wd:Q129633202)
9. Prinknash Abbey architectural structure (wd:Q131456842)
10. type of architectural structure (wd:Q131733833)

[Assistant]
The main Wikidata entity for "architectural structure" is wd:Q811979. This is likely the class we want to use for our query, either directly or via its subclasses.

Next, I need to identify the property for coordinates (latitude and longitude) in Wikidata, and how to perform a spatial query (within 5 km radius). Let's search for the property "coordinate" to confirm the property used for coordinates.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. this zoological name is coordinate with, also known as coordinate name (wd:P2743 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): links coordinate zoological names, different from
3. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
4. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
5. spatial reference system, also known as coordinate reference system, CRS, SRS (wd:P3037 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): frame of reference used to produce a map
6. y-offset, also known as ordinate, y-axis (wd:P8685 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): offset on the y-axis or secondary axis
7. genomic end, also known as stop coordinate, stop, genomic stop, Genloc End, Genloc Stop (wd:P645 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): genomic ending coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
8. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
9. political alignment, also known as political position, alignment (wd:P1387 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): political position within the left–right political spectrum
10. orientation, also known as alignment, direction, face, faces, facing (wd:P7469 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): axis of alignment of an item, or direction perpendicular to its primary face (specify with P518 if necessary)

[Assistant]
The property for coordinate location is wd:P625. This property stores the geocoordinates (latitude and longitude) of an item.

Now, I need to find all items that are instances (wdt:P31) of "architectural structure" (wd:Q811979) or its subclasses, and have a coordinate location (wdt:P625) within 5 km of (13.5812565, 52.5153623).

Wikidata supports the geof:distance function for spatial queries. I will use this to filter items within a 5 km radius.

I will also extract the latitude and longitude from the coordinate location using the appropriate SPARQL functions.

Let's construct the query.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)

[Assistant]
It seems there was an error in the query execution, possibly due to the use of the geof:distance function or the way the coordinates are formatted. Let's break down the issue:

- The geof:distance function expects coordinates in WKT (Well-Known Text) format, and the coordinate property (wdt:P625) in Wikidata is typically a geo:Point.
- Sometimes, the function expects the coordinates in the form "Point(longitude latitude)".

Let me check a sample of how coordinate locations are stored for an architectural structure in Wikidata, so I can ensure the correct format for the spatial query.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that searching for coordinate locations with the object set to "architectural structure" (wd:Q811979) did not return any rows, likely because wdt:P625 is a datatype property (not an entity), and its values are coordinates, not entities.

Instead, I should list some examples of items that are instances of "architectural structure" and have a coordinate location, to see the data format. Let's try listing triples where the subject is an instance of "architectural structure" and the property is coordinate location (wdt:P625).

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                  | property                       | object                                       |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-6.000000 8.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)      | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(12.650000 5.133333) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-15.500000 13.500000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-11.000000 10.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-15.000000 12.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(11.500000 -0.683331) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| Liberia (wd:Q1014)       | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-9.750000 6.533333) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| Cape Verde (wd:Q1011)    | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-23.700000 15.300000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Lesotho (wd:Q1013)       | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(28.250000 -29.550000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Boston (wd:Q100)         | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(-71.057778 42.360278) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| ...                      | ...                            | ...                                          |

[Assistant]
The coordinate location (wdt:P625) values are stored as WKT literals in the format "POINT(longitude latitude)".

Given this, my previous query's use of "Point(longitude latitude)" should be changed to "POINT(longitude latitude)" (uppercase "POINT"). Let's correct the query and try again.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)

[Assistant]
The error persists, which suggests that the geof:distance function or the way spatial queries are handled may not be supported or may require a different approach on this endpoint.

As an alternative, I can try to extract latitude and longitude from the coordinate location and manually filter for items within a 5 km radius using the Haversine formula in SPARQL. This approach is less efficient but should work if geof:distance is not supported.

First, I'll retrieve a few architectural structures with their coordinates near Berlin (since the coordinates are in Berlin) to check if the latitude and longitude extraction works.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| structure                                          | structureLabel                          | lat                   | lon                   |
| -------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Väter der Einheit (wd:Q1000480)                    | Väter der Einheit (en)                  | 52.5074 (xsd:decimal) | 13.3977 (xsd:decimal) |
| Puttkamerstraße (wd:Q100144660)                    | Puttkamerstraße (en)                    | 52.5044 (xsd:decimal) | 13.3892 (xsd:decimal) |
| Schloßplatz (wd:Q100144679)                        | Schloßplatz (en)                        | 52.4448 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5745 (xsd:decimal) |
| Besselstraße (wd:Q100152148)                       | Besselstraße (en)                       | 52.5044 (xsd:decimal) | 13.3931 (xsd:decimal) |
| Fromet-und-Moses-Mendelssohn-Platz (wd:Q100152193) | Fromet-und-Moses-Mendelssohn-Platz (en) | 52.5031 (xsd:decimal) | 13.3941 (xsd:decimal) |
| Mayschweg (wd:Q100152209)                          | Mayschweg (en)                          | 52.4379 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5917 (xsd:decimal) |
| E.T.A-Hoffmann-Promenade (wd:Q100157361)           | E.T.A-Hoffmann-Promenade (en)           | 52.5022 (xsd:decimal) | 13.3924 (xsd:decimal) |
| Rahel-Varnhagen-Promenade (wd:Q100157371)          | Rahel-Varnhagen-Promenade (en)          | 52.5018 (xsd:decimal) | 13.39 (xsd:decimal)   |
| Franz-Klühs-Straße (wd:Q100157373)                 | Franz-Klühs-Straße (en)                 | 52.5013 (xsd:decimal) | 13.3963 (xsd:decimal) |
| Segewaldweg (wd:Q100157384)                        | Segewaldweg (en)                        | 52.4334 (xsd:decimal) | 13.577 (xsd:decimal)  |

[Assistant]
The latitude and longitude extraction works correctly. Now, I will use the Haversine formula in SPARQL to filter for architectural structures within a 5 km radius of the given coordinates (13.5812565, 52.5153623).

The Haversine formula for distance in kilometers is:
distance = 2 * 6371 * asin(sqrt(sin²((lat2-lat1)/2) + cos(lat1)*cos(lat2)*sin²((lon2-lon1)/2)))

I'll implement this in SPARQL using BIND and FILTER, and return the structure, its label, latitude, and longitude.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: no matching token found from position 211: 'RADIANS(?lat) AS ?latRad)
  BIND(RADIANS(?lon) AS ?lonRad)
  BIND(RADIANS(52.5153623) AS ?centerLatRad)
  BIND(RADIANS(13.5812565) AS ?centerLonRad)
  BIND(?latRad - ?centerLatRad AS ?dLat)
  BIND(?lonRad - ?centerLonRad AS ?dLon)
  BIND(SIN(?dLat/2) * SIN(?dLat/2) + COS(?centerLatRad) * COS(?latRad) * SIN(?dLon/2) * SIN(?dLon/2) AS ?a)
  BIND(2 * 6371 * ASIN(SQRT(?a)) AS ?distance)
  FILTER(?distance <= 5)
  OPTIONAL { ?structure rdfs:label ?structureLabel FILTER (lang(?structureLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY ?distance
LIMIT 100'

[Assistant]
It appears that the SPARQL endpoint does not support the RADIANS, SIN, COS, ASIN, or SQRT functions, which are required for the Haversine formula. This limits our ability to compute the distance directly in SPARQL on this endpoint.

Given these limitations, the best we can do is to filter by a bounding box (latitude and longitude ranges) that approximates a 5 km radius around the given coordinates. This will include all structures within a square of about 10 km per side, which is a reasonable approximation for most practical purposes.

Let's calculate the bounding box:
- 1 degree of latitude ≈ 111 km, so 5 km ≈ 0.045 degrees.
- 1 degree of longitude at latitude 52.5153623 ≈ 111 km * cos(52.5153623°) ≈ 67.7 km, so 5 km ≈ 0.074 degrees.

So, the latitude range is (52.5153623 - 0.045, 52.5153623 + 0.045) ≈ (52.4704, 52.5604)
The longitude range is (13.5812565 - 0.074, 13.5812565 + 0.074) ≈ (13.5073, 13.6553)

I'll now construct a query using these ranges.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| structure                            | structureLabel            | lat                   | lon                   |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------- |
| Biberstraße (wd:Q101437437)          | Biberstraße (en)          | 52.5501 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5913 (xsd:decimal) |
| Landsberger Chaussee (wd:Q101437650) | Landsberger Chaussee (en) | 52.5489 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5911 (xsd:decimal) |
| Busbahnhof Marzahn (wd:Q1017241)     | Busbahnhof Marzahn (en)   | 52.5429 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5428 (xsd:decimal) |
| Dahlwitz church (wd:Q101849406)      | Dahlwitz church (en)      | 52.5045 (xsd:decimal) | 13.6498 (xsd:decimal) |
| Ahornstraße (wd:Q102197141)          | Ahornstraße (en)          | 52.4818 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5761 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                                  | ...                       | ...                   | ...                   |
| Haus der Befreiung (wd:Q108394834)   | Haus der Befreiung (en)   | 52.5482 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5783 (xsd:decimal) |
| Haus der Befreiung (wd:Q108394834)   | Haus der Befreiung (en)   | 52.5482 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5783 (xsd:decimal) |
| Neufahrwasserweg (wd:Q108405050)     | Neufahrwasserweg (en)     | 52.5429 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5532 (xsd:decimal) |
| Sprühtürme (wd:Q108443965)           | Sprühtürme (en)           | 52.5213 (xsd:decimal) | 13.5911 (xsd:decimal) |
| Zwischenablage (wd:Q108543413)       | Zwischenablage (en)       | 52.5313 (xsd:decimal) | 13.6163 (xsd:decimal) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is generally correct in finding architectural structures within a bounding box around the given coordinates and returning their IRIs, optional labels, and coordinates. However, the bounding box filter (lat/lon ranges) is only an approximation of a 5 km radius and may include structures outside the actual 5 km circle or miss some within it, especially near the corners of the box. For greater accuracy, the query should use a geospatial distance filter to select only those structures within a true 5 km radius of the specified point. If geof:distance or a similar function is available, it should be used. Additionally, there is a duplicate row in the result ("Haus der Befreiung" appears twice), so consider using SELECT DISTINCT or otherwise ensuring unique results.

[Assistant]
Thank you for your feedback. You are correct: using a bounding box is only an approximation, and a true geospatial distance filter (such as geof:distance) would provide more accurate results. Additionally, using SELECT DISTINCT will help eliminate duplicate rows.

Let me attempt to use geof:distance again, as some endpoints may support it with the correct syntax. I will also ensure the query returns only distinct results.

Here’s my plan:
1. Use geof:distance to filter for structures within a true 5 km radius.
2. Use SELECT DISTINCT to avoid duplicates.
3. Return the structure IRI, optional English label, and coordinates.

Let’s try this improved query.

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
not enough values to unpack (expected 2, got 1)

[Assistant]
It appears that the geof:distance function is not supported or not enabled on this Wikidata endpoint, as the error persists even with the correct syntax. This means we cannot perform a true geospatial radius filter and are limited to the bounding box approximation.

However, I can improve the previous query by ensuring that only distinct results are returned, which will eliminate duplicate rows. Here is the improved query using SELECT DISTINCT:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?structure ?structureLabel ?lat ?lon WHERE {
  ?structure wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q811979 ;
             wdt:P625 ?coord .
  BIND(geof:latitude(?coord) AS ?lat)
  BIND(geof:longitude(?coord) AS ?lon)
  FILTER(?lat > 52.4704 && ?lat < 52.5604 && ?lon > 13.5073 && ?lon < 13.6553)
  OPTIONAL { ?structure rdfs:label ?structureLabel FILTER (lang(?structureLabel) = "en") }
}
LIMIT 100
```

This will provide a more accurate and clean result set, given the limitations of the endpoint.

Final answer:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is a good approximation given the endpoint's limitations, as it uses a bounding box to simulate a 5 km radius. However, the bounding box is only an approximation and may include structures outside the true 5 km radius, or miss some just outside the box but within the radius. If possible, the query could be refined by using a more precise geospatial filter (e.g., using geof:distance if supported by the endpoint) to select only those structures within exactly 5 km of the given coordinates. If such functions are not supported, the current approach is acceptable, but this limitation should be clearly communicated to the user.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ?capital ?capitalLabel ?population ?area ?headOfState ?headOfStateLabel ?headOfStateImage ?currency ?currencyLabel ?flagImage ?coordinates WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P463 wd:Q1065 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P36 ?capital .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?capital rdfs:label ?capitalLabel FILTER ( lang( ?capitalLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P1082 ?population
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P2046 ?area
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P35 ?headOfState .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?headOfState rdfs:label ?headOfStateLabel FILTER ( lang( ?headOfStateLabel ) = "en" )
    }
    OPTIONAL {
      ?headOfState wdt:P18 ?headOfStateImage
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P38 ?currency .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel FILTER ( lang( ?currencyLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P41 ?flagImage
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P625 ?coordinates
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( lang( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The query returns all countries that are members of the United Nations, along with their capitals, populations, area sizes, heads of state, images of the heads of state, currencies, flag images, and coordinate locations, if available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the countries that are members of the United Nations, along with their capitals, populations, area sizes, heads of state, images of the heads of state, currencies, flag images, and coordinate locations (all only if available)?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find all countries that are members of the United Nations.
2. For each country, we want:
   - Capital
   - Population
   - Area size
   - Head of state
   - Image of the head of state
   - Currency
   - Flag image
   - Coordinate location

First, let's identify the relevant entities and properties:
- United Nations: we need its Wikidata entity.
- "Member of" property to find countries that are UN members.
- For each country:
  - Capital: property for capital
  - Population: property for population
  - Area: property for area
  - Head of state: property for head of state
  - Image of head of state: property for image, applied to the head of state entity
  - Currency: property for currency
  - Flag image: property for flag image
  - Coordinate location: property for coordinates

Let's start by searching for the entity "United Nations".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Nations, also known as the U.N., the UN, U.N., UN, United Nations Organization (wd:Q1065): global international and intergovernmental organization
2. United Nations (wd:Q7888317): American band
3. United Nations (wd:Q7888316): United Nations album
4. United Nations (wd:Q7888314): Rui En album
5. United Nations, also known as Canadian United, Canada United, Global United Nations Syndicate (wd:Q7888319): criminal gang who started in Vancouver, British Columbia
6. United Nations (wd:Q74063664): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 64023)
7. United Nations, also known as q Sm514 United Nations (wd:Q104713070): subject category of the 20th Century Press Archives
8. United Nations, also known as Star Trek UN, Star Trek United Nations, UN (wd:Q111240888): United Nations as depicted in the Star Trek multiverse
9. United Nations (wd:L620589-S1)
10. United Nations (wd:L618606-F1)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the United Nations is wd:Q1065.

Next, we need to find the property that links a country to being a member of the United Nations. Let's search for properties related to "member".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
2. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
3. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
4. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
5. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
6. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): author of song lyrics, author
7. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
8. member of sports team, also known as plays for, played for, sport team, team, team played for (wd:P54 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): sports teams or clubs that the subject represents or represented, member of
9. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
10. member count, also known as total members, number of members, count of members, amount of members, membership (wd:P2124 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of entities that are part of an organization at a particular time

[Assistant]
The property "member of" (wd:P463) is the most relevant for linking a country to the United Nations (wd:Q1065).

Now, let's confirm that countries use this property to indicate UN membership by listing some examples where the object is wd:Q1065.

[Tool]
Got 232 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property             | object                    |
| ---------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------- |
| United States (wd:Q30) | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Turkey (wd:Q43)        | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Russia (wd:Q159)       | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Japan (wd:Q17)         | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Italy (wd:Q38)         | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| France (wd:Q142)       | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Germany (wd:Q183)      | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Finland (wd:Q33)       | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| Mexico (wd:Q96)        | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| India (wd:Q668)        | member of (wdt:P463) | United Nations (wd:Q1065) |
| ...                    | ...                  | ...                       |

[Assistant]
Countries that are members of the United Nations are linked to the United Nations (wd:Q1065) via the property "member of" (wdt:P463).

Now, for each of these countries, we need to gather the following properties:
- Capital
- Population
- Area size
- Head of state
- Image of the head of state
- Currency
- Flag image
- Coordinate location

Let's search for the relevant properties for "capital", "population", "area", "head of state", "currency", "flag image", and "coordinate location". I'll start with "capital".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
2. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
3. capital cost, also known as budget, cost, unit cost (wd:P2130 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): amount of money spent on building or producing an object
4. authorised capital, also known as authorized capital (wd:P12651 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised to issue to shareholders
5. number of matches played/races/starts, also known as gp, starts, races, number of games played, mp (wd:P1350 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): matches or games a player or a team played during an event. Also...matches a player officially appeared in during the whole career.
6. uses capitalization for, also known as capitalises, capitalizes, uses capitalisation for (wd:P6106 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): lexical classes and subclasses of words as well as other uses in the language where the first letter is written as a capital letter
7. market capitalization, also known as market cap, market capitalisation (wd:P2226 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total value of issued shares by a publicly traded company
8. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
9. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
10. nominal share capital (wd:P8247 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total of the nominal values of the issued ordinary and preference shares of the entity

[Assistant]
The property for the capital of a country is "capital" (wd:P36).

Now, let's search for the property for "population".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Assistant]
The property for population is "population" (wd:P1082).

Next, let's search for the property for "area size".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): area occupied by an object
2. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
3. applies to part, also known as when viewed as, valid for part, section, region, per (wd:P518 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): part, aspect, or form of the item to which the claim applies
4. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. water area (wd:P8887 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): area/surface of a geographical entity that is covered by water, area
7. interested in, also known as area of interest, area of research, field of interest, field of research, field of study (wd:P2650 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item of special or vested interest to this person or organisation
8. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
9. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
10. electoral district, also known as riding, seat, ward, electoral area, electorate (wd:P768 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): electoral district this person is representing, or of the office... or "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602)

[Assistant]
The property for area size is "area" (wd:P2046).

Next, let's search for the property for "head of state".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. office held by head of state, also known as head of state, position held by head of state, state headed by (wd:P1906 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): political office that is fulfilled by the head of state of this item
2. head of state, also known as leader, state headed by, monarch, president, queen (wd:P35 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): official with the highest formal authority in a country/state, director / manager, chairperson
3. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
4. office held by head of government, also known as title of head of government, position of head of government, office of head of government, head of government's office, position held by head of government (wd:P1313 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item
5. rector, also known as chancellor, university president, Rector (academia), president (wd:P1075 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): senior official in an educational institution., director / manager, chairperson
6. chairperson, also known as dean, headed by, leader, president, chairwoman (wd:P488 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): presiding member of an organization, group or body, director / manager, significant person
7. organization directed by the office or position, also known as leader of, head of, leads, organization directed by, organization directed from the office (wd:P2389 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): organization which is directed by this office
8. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): position of the head of this item
9. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): persons who hold and/or held the position
10. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

[Assistant]
The property for head of state is "head of state" (wd:P35).

Now, let's search for the property for "image" (for the head of state entity).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. image of function, also known as function range, image, range, function image (wd:P2396 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): set of values that a mathematical function actually takes
2. spherical panorama image, also known as 360-degree panorama image, photosphere panoramic image, photosphere panorama, photosphere image, panorama view 360x180 degrees (wd:P4640 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image with the field of view 360×180 degrees oyiyi na ubi anya 360×180 degrees, panoramic view
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. media legend, also known as video legend, video description, video caption, caption, media description (wd:P2096 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier to describe the media of the statement. This avoids le...the media is defined at Wikidata. For the date, use P585 instead
5. related image, also known as other version, placeholder image, related picture, replacement image, secondary image (wd:P6802 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): less fitting image, used only because a better alternative is no...ble, use P18 instead. Value should not be a generic placeholder., image
6. image of frontside, also known as obverse, is the backside of, image of obverse, image obverse, has frontside image (wd:P7418 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of obverse (front side) of this 2D object
7. source of file, also known as source of image, file source, image source (wd:P7482 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): broad nature of the origin of the file
8. EU Participant Identification Code, also known as EU PIC, PIC (wd:P5785 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): ID of organization participating in EU programmes
9. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
10. reference image, also known as image in reference section, ref picture, ref image, reference picture, picture in reference section (wd:P10253 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image, such as of an inscription, supporting a claim; use togeth...eference" (P3865) in the reference or source part of a statement, image

[Assistant]
The property for image is "image" (wd:P18). We will use this for the head of state entity.

Next, let's search for the property for "currency".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): currency used by item, uses
2. ISO 4217 code, also known as currency code, ISO 4217, ISO 4217 alphabetic code, ISO currency code (wd:P498 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for a currency per ISO 4217
3. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
4. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): amount in a specific currency
5. cash (wd:P2232 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the value of cash and securities held by a state government
6. currency symbol description (wd:P489 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item with description of currency symbol, notation
7. face value, also known as coin value, numeric value of coin, value of coin (wd:P3934 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): value printed on a coin, stamp or banknote by the issuing authority
8. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
9. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
10. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant

[Assistant]
The property for currency is "currency" (wd:P38).

Now, let's search for the property for "flag image".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. flag image, also known as image flag, image of flag (wd:P41 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of the item's flag, image, flag
2. symbol of, also known as emblem of, flag of, logo of, seal of, symbolises (wd:P8058 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item of which the image is a symbol
3. flag, also known as flag description (wd:P163 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): subject's flag
4. country of registry, also known as ship's flag, flag state, flag of convenience (wd:P8047 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): country where a ship is or has been registered, country
5. flag bearer (wd:P3022 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person who carries the national flag of their country at an opening or closing ceremony
6. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
7. seal image, also known as emblem, emblem image, seal (wd:P158 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of subject's seal (emblem), image
8. electoral symbol, also known as election symbol, political symbol (wd:P12650 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): symbol allocated to a political party or candidate for use on ballots
9. image of function, also known as function range, image, range, function image (wd:P2396 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): set of values that a mathematical function actually takes
10. spherical panorama image, also known as 360-degree panorama image, photosphere panoramic image, photosphere panorama, photosphere image, panorama view 360x180 degrees (wd:P4640 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image with the field of view 360×180 degrees oyiyi na ubi anya 360×180 degrees, panoramic view

[Assistant]
The property for flag image is "flag image" (wd:P41).

Finally, let's search for the property for "coordinate location".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. this zoological name is coordinate with, also known as coordinate name (wd:P2743 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): links coordinate zoological names, different from
3. coordinates of depicted place, also known as depicted item geolocation, geolocation of object, object geolocation (wd:P9149 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): coordinates of the place depicted in the work (or Commons image)
4. location map (wd:P1943 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): blank geographic map image suitable for overlaying coordinate points, as defined at c:Category:Location maps, image
5. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
6. set in environment, also known as set in location, takes place in, setting location, playing in, narrative set in (wd:P8411 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): environment (geographic feature, building type, etc.) the narrative work is set in, significant place, depicts
7. narrative location, also known as set in location, set in, setting, setting location, setting of work (wd:P840 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the narrative of the work is set in this location, significant place, depicts
8. location of discovery, also known as found in, location of discovered object, place of discovery, site of discovery, source (wd:P189 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): where the item was located when discovered, significant place
9. spatial reference system, also known as coordinate reference system, CRS, SRS (wd:P3037 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): frame of reference used to produce a map
10. coordinates of geographic center, also known as coordinates of geographic centre, geographic centre, geographic center, geographical midpoint, geographical centre (wd:P5140 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): coordinates of the center of an area. Use qualifier "determination method" (P459) to indicate how, coordinate location

[Assistant]
The property for coordinate location is "coordinate location" (wd:P625).

Now, let's summarize all the properties and entities needed for the query:
- United Nations: wd:Q1065
- Member of: wdt:P463
- Capital: wdt:P36
- Population: wdt:P1082
- Area: wdt:P2046
- Head of state: wdt:P35
- Image (of head of state): wdt:P18
- Currency: wdt:P38
- Flag image: wdt:P41
- Coordinate location: wdt:P625

We need to write a SPARQL query that:
- Finds all countries (?country) that are members of the United Nations (wd:Q1065)
- Optionally retrieves for each country:
  - Capital (?capital)
  - Population (?population)
  - Area (?area)
  - Head of state (?headOfState)
  - Image of head of state (?headOfStateImage)
  - Currency (?currency)
  - Flag image (?flagImage)
  - Coordinate location (?coordinates)
- Optionally retrieves labels for human readability

Let's construct and execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 443 rows and 13 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 columns and the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                    | countryLabel                          | capital                 | capitalLabel      | population              | ... | headOfStateImage                                                                                | currency                               | currencyLabel                  | flagImage                                                                                | coordinates                                  |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------------- | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)                           | Gabon (en)                            | Libreville (wd:Q3825)   | Libreville (en)   | 2025137 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ali%20Bongo%20on%20December%2014%2C%202022%20%28cropped%29.jpg>                                          | Central African CFA franc (wd:Q847739) | Central African CFA franc (en) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Gabon.svg>                                          | POINT(11.500000 -0.683331) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)                      | The Gambia (en)                       | Banjul (wd:Q3726)       | Banjul (en)       | 2639916 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Adama%20Barrow%2C%20President%2C%20Republic%20of%20the%20Gambia%20-%202018%20%28cropped%29.jpg>          | dalasi (wd:Q202885)                    | dalasi (en)                    | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20The%20Gambia.svg>                                   | POINT(-15.500000 13.500000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)                          | Guinea (en)                           | Conakry (wd:Q3733)      | Conakry (en)      | 12717176 (xsd:decimal)  | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mamadi%20Doumbouya%202022.jpg>                                                                           | Guinean franc (wd:Q213311)             | Guinean franc (en)             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Guinea.svg>                                         | POINT(-11.000000 10.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007)                   | Guinea-Bissau (en)                    | Bissau (wd:Q3739)       | Bissau (en)       | 1861283 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Umaro%20Sissoco%20Embal%C3%B3%20on%20February%2011%2C%202025.jpg>                                        | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | West African CFA franc (en)    | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Guinea-Bissau.svg>                                  | POINT(-15.000000 12.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)                     | Ivory Coast (en)                      | Yamoussoukro (wd:Q3768) | Yamoussoukro (en) | 31165654 (xsd:decimal)  | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alassane%20Ouattara%20-%202024%20%28cropped%29.jpg>                                                      | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | West African CFA franc (en)    | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20C%C3%B4te%20d%27Ivoire.svg>                         | POINT(-6.000000 8.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                     | ...               | ...                     | ... | ...                                                                                | ...                                    | ...                            | ...                                                                                | ...                                          |
| Republic of the Congo (wd:Q971)            | Republic of the Congo (en)            | Brazzaville (wd:Q3844)  | Brazzaville (en)  | 6142180 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Denis%20Sassou%20Nguesso%202014.jpg>                                                                     | Central African CFA franc (wd:Q847739) | Central African CFA franc (en) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.svg>              | POINT(15.383331 -0.750000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo (wd:Q974) | Democratic Republic of the Congo (en) | Kinshasa (wd:Q3838)     | Kinshasa (en)     | 105789731 (xsd:decimal) | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tshisekedi%20%2846615782065%29%20%28cropped%29.jpg>                                                      | Congolese franc (wd:Q4734)             | Congolese franc (en)           | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo.svg> | POINT(23.656111 -2.880000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| Djibouti (wd:Q977)                         | Djibouti (en)                         | Djibouti (wd:Q3604)     | Djibouti (en)     | 1152944 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ismail%20Omar%20Guelleh%202010.jpg>                                                                      | Djiboutian franc (wd:Q4594)            | Djiboutian franc (en)          | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Djibouti.svg>                                       | POINT(42.433333 11.800000) (geo:wktLiteral)  |
| Equatorial Guinea (wd:Q983)                | Equatorial Guinea (en)                | Malabo (wd:Q3818)       | Malabo (en)       | 1847549 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Teodoro%20Obiang%20Nguema%20Mbasogo%20on%20September%2026%2C%202024%20%28cropped%29.jpg>                 | Central African CFA franc (wd:Q847739) | Central African CFA franc (en) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Equatorial%20Guinea.svg>                            | POINT(10.000000 1.500000) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| Eritrea (wd:Q986)                          | Eritrea (en)                          | Asmara (wd:Q3642)       | Asmara (en)       | 3497000 (xsd:decimal)   | ... | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ambassador%20Nura%20Abba%20Rimi%20%26%20President%20Isaias%20Afwerki%20of%20Eritrea%20%28cropped%29.jpg> | nakfa (wd:Q171503)                     | nakfa (en)                     | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Eritrea.svg>                                        | POINT(38.250000 15.483333) (geo:wktLiteral)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all requested information for United Nations member countries, including their IRIs and, where available, capitals, populations, area sizes, heads of state, images of the heads of state, currencies, flag images, and coordinate locations. All additional human-readable labels are included in OPTIONAL clauses, as required. The query does not use any non-standard SPARQL features and adheres to the specified rules. No further improvements are necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?otherAward ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?person ) AS ?totalRecipients ) ( SUM( IF( ?timing = "before" , 1 , 0 ) ) AS ?beforeCount ) ( SUM( IF( ?timing = "after" , 1 , 0 ) ) AS ?afterCount ) ( SUM( IF( ?timing = "same" , 1 , 0 ) ) AS ?sameCount ) ( SUM( IF( ?timing = "unknown" , 1 , 0 ) ) AS ?unknownCount ) ( SAMPLE( ?otherAwardLabel ) AS ?otherAwardLabel ) WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P166 ?leibnizStatement .
  ?leibnizStatement ps:P166 wd:Q703205 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?leibnizStatement pq:P585 ?leibnizDate .
  }
  ?person p:P166 ?otherAwardStatement .
  ?otherAwardStatement ps:P166 ?otherAward .
  FILTER ( ?otherAward != wd:Q703205 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?otherAwardStatement pq:P585 ?otherAwardDate .
  }
  ?otherAward ( wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * ) ?awardType .
  VALUES ?awardType {
    wd:Q618779 wd:Q11448906 wd:Q15383322 wd:Q107471279 wd:Q378427 wd:Q107494520 wd:Q1966910 wd:Q1709894
  }
  BIND( IF( ! BOUND( ?leibnizDate ) || ! BOUND( ?otherAwardDate ) , "unknown" , IF( ?otherAwardDate < ?leibnizDate , "before" , IF( ?otherAwardDate > ?leibnizDate , "after" , IF( ?otherAwardDate = ?leibnizDate , "same" , "unknown" ) ) ) ) AS ?timing ) OPTIONAL {
    ?otherAward rdfs:label ?otherAwardLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?otherAwardLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?otherAward
ORDER BY DESC ( ?totalRecipients )

SPARQL execution failed:
Invalid SPARQL query: The target ?otherAwardLabel of an AS clause was already used in the query body.

This query returns, for each relevant award received by Leibniz Prize winners, the total number of distinct recipients, and counts of those who received it before, after, at the same time, or at an unknown time relative to their Leibniz Prize. It uses SUM(IF(...)) for conditional counting and returns IRIs for awards, with labels included optionally.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User]
What are the counts and sums of various types of awards received by humans who have won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize? Only consider awards that are general awards, science awards, cultural prizes, chemistry awards, literary awards, physics awards, national academies, and journalism prizes. Additionally, if the dates are available, indicate whether these awards were received before, after, at the same time, or at an unknown time relative to the receipt of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.

Each result row should contain the prize, the count of people who received that prize, and the counts of people who received it before, after, at the same time, or at an unknown time relative to the Leibniz Prize.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. **Target group**: Humans who have won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize.
2. **Other awards**: For these people, find other awards they have received, but only if the award is of certain types (general award, science award, cultural prize, chemistry award, literary award, physics award, national academy, journalism prize).
3. **Aggregation**: For each such award, count the number of distinct people who received it, and for each, count how many received it before, after, at the same time, or at an unknown time relative to their Leibniz Prize.
4. **Output**: Each row = award, total count, count before, count after, count same time, count unknown.

## Step 1: Identify the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize

Let's search for the entity for "Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, also known as Leibniz Prize (wd:Q703205): research prize awarded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
2. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, also known as Leibniz, Leibnitz, Gottfried Leibniz, Freiherr Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (wd:Q9047): German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716), philosopher of law, music theorist, policy advisor, diplomatician, mathematician, musicologist, philosopher, translator, librarian, zoologist, geologist, biologist, archivist, physicist, historian, logician, diplomat, engineer, jurist, writer, poet
3. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, also known as Gottfried Wilhelm, Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, Leibnitz, Freiherr Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (wd:Q9047): German mathematician and philosopher (1646–1716), philosopher of law, policy advisor, music theorist, mathematician, diplomatician, musicologist, philosopher, translator, archivist, zoologist, geologist, biologist, physicist, librarian, historian, engineer, logician, diplomat, jurist, writer, poet
4. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, also known as Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (ADB) (wd:Q24703344): encyclopedic article
5. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (wd:Q118153879): painting by anonymous
6. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (wd:Q122937363): scientific article published in 1978
7. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (wd:Q123278620): scientific article published in 1933
8. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (wd:Q123314437): scientific article published in 1923
9. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (wd:Q52416596): scientific article published in March 1981
10. Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (wd:Q103852361): encyclopedia article

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize is wd:Q703205.

## Step 2: Find humans who have won the Leibniz Prize

We need to find humans (wd:Q5) who have received this prize. The property for "award received" is likely used for this, but let's confirm the property for "award received".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
2. for work, also known as awarded for work, citation for award, for their work on, nominated for work (wd:P1686 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier of award received (P166) to specify the work that an award was given to the creator for
3. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
4. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
5. nominated for, also known as nominee for, shortlisted for, selected for award, selected for, nominee for award (wd:P1411 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): award nomination received by a person, organisation or creative work (inspired from "award received" (Property:P166))
6. eligible recipient, also known as eligible recipient for award, type of recipient who is eligible for this award (wd:P8115 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): party that is eligible to receive something, like an award, grant or prize
7. award rationale, also known as award citation, rationale, award reason (wd:P6208 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier to add short citation explaining the official reason f... or add comments about a person's award. No quote marked needed.
8. trophy awarded, also known as cup awarded, diploma awarded, medal awarded (wd:P4622 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): trophy awarded at the end of a selection process or of a competi...winners or finishers under the form of a cup, a medal, a diploma
9. nominee, also known as award nominee (wd:P2453 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier used with “nominated for” to specify which person or organization was nominated
10. awarded for period (wd:P4566 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): period during which the achievement must have been made to be eligible for an award

[Assistant]
The property for "award received" is wd:P166.

## Step 3: Find the types of awards to include

You want to include only awards that are:
- general awards
- science awards
- cultural prizes
- chemistry awards
- literary awards
- physics awards
- national academies
- journalism prizes

Let's search for these types as entities, so we can filter awards by their instance of (P31) or subclass of (P279) relationships.

Let's start by searching for "general award".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. General Heusinger Award (wd:Q1501515): award
2. GENERAL practitioner's award (wd:Q75502979): scientific article published on 01 December 1950
3. GENERAL practitioner's award (wd:Q75852621): scientific article published on 01 December 1951
4. Governor General's Awards, also known as Governor General's Award (wd:Q283256): Canadian academic, artistic, and social awards
5. ANNUAL General Practitioner's Award (wd:Q74007715): scientific article published on 01 December 1952
6. ANNUAL general Practitioner's Award (wd:Q73333286): scientific article published on 01 December 1953
7. General medical nursing award (wd:Q120749915): scientific article published in 1996
8. Governor General's Literary Awards, also known as Dominion Literary Awards, GGBooks, Governor General's Literary Award (wd:Q3405963): Canadian literary award
9. General Maxwell R. Thurman Award (wd:Q5532018)
10. MFO Director General's Award (wd:Q17131651)

[Assistant] There is no entity called "general award" as a type. Let's try "award" and see if there is a general class for awards.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. award, also known as honour, prize, medal, honor, Awards and Prizes (wd:Q618779): something given to a person or a group of people to recognize their merit or excellence
2. achievement, also known as video game trophy, video game achievement, trophy, trophies, stamps (wd:Q2988681): meta-goal in a video game
3. bestowing, also known as award, bestowal, grant, providing (wd:Q24301034): act of giving something as honour or gift
4. association football trophy or award, also known as award, football award, football trophy, trophy (wd:Q4493701): sports trophy or award
5. African Women in Agricultural Research and Development, also known as AWARD (wd:Q117863220): research institute
6. Association for Water and Rural Development, also known as AWARD (wd:Q132803457): nonprofit organization in AFB Hoedspruit, South Africa
7. Award (wd:Q98622114): scientific article published on 01 August 2020
8. Award (wd:Q84275778): scientific article published on 01 February 1984
9. award (wd:L1010224-S2)
10. award (wd:L475593-S1)

[Assistant]
The general class for awards is wd:Q618779 ("award").

Now, let's search for the other types: "science award", "cultural prize", "chemistry award", "literary award", "physics award", "national academy", "journalism prize".

Let's do "science award" next.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. science award, also known as award in science, award (science), science prize, scientific award, scientific prize (wd:Q11448906): award for science
2. Mahathir Science Award (wd:Q106960581): Award named after Mahathir Mohamad
3. GCSE Science, also known as Single Award Science (wd:Q7523823): British educational qualification
4. Suffrage Science award (wd:Q56765711): Prize for women in science, engineering and computing
5. Berlin Science Award (wd:Q821879)
6. Finnish Science Award (wd:Q11895129): Finnish award, granted biannually by the Ministry of Education and Culture
7. India Science Award (wd:Q6019402)
8. Korea Science Award (wd:Q19483802): South Korean award
9. Science Writing Award (wd:Q6084965): Award for excellence in writing about science
10. Ammodo Science Award for Fundamental Research, also known as Ammodo KNAW award, Ammodo Science Award (wd:Q28725741): Dutch award

[Assistant]
The entity for "science award" as a type is wd:Q11448906.

Let's continue with "cultural prize".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. cultural prize, also known as cultural award, culture prize (wd:Q15383322): type of award in the field of culture
2. Faroese Cultural Prize, also known as Heiðurgáva landsins, Mentanarvirðisløn Landsins, Faroese Prize for Young Artist, Faroese Life Achievement Award, Faroese Cultural Award (wd:Q800098): Faroese annual cultural award given by the Faroese government to Faroese writers, musicians, artists, film directors etc.
3. Hessian Cultural Prize (wd:Q1615933): The cultural prize instituted in 1981 by the state government of Hesse, Germany
4. Manor Cultural Prize, also known as le Prix Culturel Manor, Prix Manor (wd:Q1891015): Swiss award for visual artists
5. Würzburg Cultural Prize (wd:Q1320081): cultural award in Germany
6. Vantaa cultural prize, also known as Vantaa cultural award, Vantaa culture prize, Vantaa culture award (wd:Q25454289): Finnish culture award
7. Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize (wd:Q1336528): award
8. Mainichi Publication Culture Award, also known as Mainchi Cultural prizes, Mainichi Publishing Culture Award, Mainichi Shuppan Bunkasho (wd:Q1554156): Japanese award
9. Georg Dehio Cultural Prize (wd:Q17511309)
10. The Greenlandic Cultural Prize (wd:Q66108319)

[Assistant]
The entity for "cultural prize" as a type is wd:Q15383322.

Now, "chemistry award".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. chemistry award (wd:Q107471279): academic award to recognize achievements in chemistry
2. Bioinorganic Chemistry Award (wd:Q18560138): award granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry
3. Green Chemistry Award (wd:Q18560158): award granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry
4. Dream Chemistry Award (wd:Q78938012): award
5. Supramolecular Chemistry Award (wd:Q18560203): award granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry
6. Bioorganic Chemistry Award, also known as RSC Bioorganic Chemistry Award (wd:Q18560139): award granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry
7. Organometallic Chemistry Award (wd:Q18560189): award granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry
8. Medicinal Chemistry Award (wd:Q56669328): award of the Royal Society of Chemistry (1971-2005)
9. Welch Award in Chemistry, also known as Robert A. Welch Award, Robert A. Welch Award in Chemistry, Welch Award (wd:Q1632244): American chemistry prize (1972-)
10. Applied Inorganic Chemistry Award (wd:Q18560129): award granted by the Royal Society of Chemistry

[Assistant]
The entity for "chemistry award" as a type is wd:Q107471279.

Now, "literary award".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. literary award, also known as book award, book prize, literary prize, literature award, literature prize (wd:Q378427): award for writers, literary associations and literary works
2. literary award (wd:L494575-S4)
3. Lambda Literary Award, also known as Lambdas, Lammies (wd:Q594550): award for published works which celebrate or explore LGBT themes
4. SAARC Literary Award (wd:Q17126068): literary award given by SAARC's literary wing to the writers from SAARC countries
5. Daesan Literary Award (wd:Q11232367)
6. Aftonbladet Literary Award (wd:Q2684629): Swedish literary award
7. Dong-in Literary Award (wd:Q623969): award
8. Rancage Literary Award (wd:Q7475785): Indonesian literary award
9. Yookwoodang Literary Award (wd:Q23718746): literary award
10. Adamjee Literary Award, also known as Adamjee Award, Adam Jee Award, Adam Jee Literary Award (wd:Q19582542): Pakistan's literary prize

[Assistant]
The entity for "literary award" as a type is wd:Q378427.

Now, "physics award".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. physics award (wd:Q107494520): type of award
2. Wang Ganchang Physics Award (wd:Q48911119)
3. Institute of Physics Awards (wd:Q85769551): list of IOP medals and prizes
4. Excellence in Physics Education Award (wd:Q110867751): annual award of the American Physical Society
5. Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics, also known as DNP Dissertation Award (wd:Q125210599): award of the American Physical Society
6. Physics award acclaims superfluid helium (wd:Q60088654): scientific article published in Nature
7. Physics Award for Tunnelling Research (wd:Q59052992): scientific article published in Nature
8. Physics award yields high return (wd:Q80900982): scientific article published on 01 April 1990
9. Irving Langmuir Award in Chemical Physics, also known as Irving Langmuir Award (wd:Q901579): award for interdisciplinary research in chemistry and physics
10. Bertram Eugene Warren Diffraction Physics Award, also known as Eugene Warren Award, Warren Award (wd:Q123436651): American award in physics

[Assistant]
The entity for "physics award" as a type is wd:Q107494520.

Now, "national academy".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. national academy, also known as National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards (wd:Q1966910): organizational body, usually operating with state financial supp...iplines, most frequently in the sciences but also the humanities
2. National Defence Academy, also known as Indian National Defence Academy, NDA (wd:Q3630909): Defence training institute of Indian armed forces
3. TCIFA National Academy (wd:Q1354743): sports venue
4. National Sports Academy, also known as National Sports Academy Vasil Levski, National Sports Academy Vassil Levski, NSA Vasil Levski, National Institute of Physical Education Vassil Levski (wd:Q6978640): college in Sofia, Bulgaria
5. Central Guoshu Institute, also known as National Martial Arts Academy, National Wushu Academy (wd:Q2274126): a martial arts academy
6. National Virgilian Academy, also known as Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana (wd:Q139860): academy of sciences
7. National Academies Press, also known as The National Academies Press, National Academy Press (wd:Q6970107): organization in Washington D.C., United States
8. Singapore NFA U-18, also known as National Football Academy (wd:Q7523054)
9. Talysh National Academy (wd:Q105080371)
10. National Judicial Academy (wd:Q6973888): judicial training wing of India

[Assistant]
The entity for "national academy" as a type is wd:Q1966910.

Now, "journalism prize".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. journalism prize, also known as journalism award, journalist prize (wd:Q1709894): type of award for journalism
2. Sami Journalism Prize (wd:Q10660928): Swedish journalism prize (2009-)
3. «Colombine» Journalism Prize (wd:Q87477513)
4. European Parliament Journalism Prize (wd:Q1993482)
5. Lorenzo Natali Journalism Prize (wd:Q6680780): Annual journalism award
6. Stora Journalistpriset, also known as Grand Prize for Journalism (wd:Q3436850): Swedish journalism prize (1966-)
7. National Prize for Journalism (wd:Q11942619): award granted by the Government of Catalonia
8. American Mosaic Journalism Prize (wd:Q112570785): Journalism award
9. Grand Prize for Journalism, also known as Journalist Award, Journalist award of Finland (wd:Q11854492): annual Finnish journalist award given by the Association of Finnish Chief Journalists (2001-)
10. Miguel Delibes Journalism Prize (wd:Q9062329)

[Assistant]
The entity for "journalism prize" as a type is wd:Q1709894.

## Step 4: Plan the Query Structure

- Find all humans (wd:Q5) who have received the Leibniz Prize (wd:Q703205) via wdt:P166.
- For each such person, find all other awards they have received (wdt:P166 ?otherAward), along with the date received (if available, likely as a qualifier).
- Only include ?otherAward if it is an instance/subclass of one of the types above.
- For each (?otherAward), count the number of distinct people who received it, and for each, count how many received it before, after, at the same time, or at an unknown time relative to their Leibniz Prize.

## Step 5: Find the property for "instance of" and "subclass of"

These are standard:
- instance of: wdt:P31
- subclass of: wdt:P279

## Step 6: Find the property for "award received" date

Let's check what property is used as a qualifier for the date an award was received.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. property proposal discussion, also known as proposal, Wikidata property proposal, proposal URL, property discussion URL, property discussion (wd:P3254 as p/wdt): URL of the page (or page section) on which the creation of the property was discussed, Wikimedia community discussion URL
3. Wikidata item of this property, also known as associated item, Wikidata property subject item, Wikidata item for this property, subject of this property, subject of property (wd:P1629 as p/wdt): item corresponding to the concept represented by the property
4. Wikidata property example, also known as e.g., Wikidata property sample, property sample, property example, for example (wd:P1855 as p/wdt): example where this Wikidata property is used; target item is one...ualifier the property being described given the associated value
5. related property, also known as rdfs:seeAlso, related properties, see also, seealso (wd:P1659 as p/wdt): used to indicate another property that might provide additional information about the subject
6. property constraint, also known as rdfs:range, constraint, rdfs:domain (wd:P2302 as p/wdt): constraint applicable to a Wikidata property
7. inverse label item, also known as reverse label, label for inverse property, inverse label, inverse property label item (wd:P7087 as p/wdt): item with label/aliases of the inverse relationship of a property
8. stability of property value, also known as variability of value, variability of property, stability of value, stability of property value, stability of property (wd:P2668 as p/wdt): likelihood that statements with this property will change

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                  | object                                                           |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| United Nations (wd:Q1065)    | award received (wdt:P166) | Four Freedoms Award – Freedom Medal (wd:Q20203866)               |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048)     | award received (wdt:P166) | Consecratio (wd:Q106648268)                                      |
| Mahatma Gandhi (wd:Q1001)    | award received (wdt:P166) | Time Person of the Year (wd:Q207826)                             |
| Charles Darwin (wd:Q1035)    | award received (wdt:P166) | Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi (wd:Q125121451) |
| Hamburg (wd:Q1055)           | award received (wdt:P166) | Führerstadt (wd:Q1480914)                                        |
| Carl Linnaeus (wd:Q1043)     | award received (wdt:P166) | Knight of the Order of the Polar Star (wd:Q20900064)             |
| Jawaharlal Nehru (wd:Q1047)  | award received (wdt:P166) | Bharat Ratna (wd:Q322132)                                        |
| Edith Barnes (wd:Q107319547) | award received (wdt:P166) | writer (wd:Q36180)                                               |
| Go, Dog. Go! (wd:Q104750296) | award received (wdt:P166) | ACTRA Award (wd:Q4650859)                                        |
| Narendra Modi (wd:Q1058)     | award received (wdt:P166) | Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (wd:Q1026769)   |
| ...                          | ...                       | ...                                                              |

[Assistant]
The property wdt:P166 is used for "award received", but qualifiers (such as date received) are not shown in this direct property. To get qualifiers, we need to use the full statement path (p:P166/ps:P166 for the value, and p:P166/pq:P585 for the point in time qualifier).

Let's confirm that "point in time" (P585) is the qualifier for the date an award was received.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
2. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): time period when a statement is valid
3. set in period, also known as time period set in, time period of setting, time period, takes place in time, takes place during (wd:P2408 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): historical, contemporary, or future period, year, century or day...rk or genre is set in or event featured in the story of the work
4. time period, also known as oge (oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ...ụ mere ma ọ bụ nke ejikọtara ya. (wd:P2348 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): time period (historic period or era, sports season, theatre seas...c.) in which the subject occurred or with which it is associated
5. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
6. date depicted, also known as depicted date, temporal coverage, shown as at date, depicts date, depicted time (wd:P2913 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date represented in a work (for narrative works use P2408)
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. history of topic, also known as history of the topic, timeline of subject, timeline of the subject, timeline of the topic, timeline of topic (wd:P2184 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item about the historical development of a subject's topic, exam... To list key events of the topic, use "significant event" (P793), studied in
9. latest date, also known as terminus ante quem, prior to, on or before this date, no later than, max date (wd:P1326 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): latest possible time that something could have occurred. Use as qualifier for other date properties
10. recording date, also known as recorded date, record date, recdate, rec. date, date of recording (wd:P10135 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the date when a recording was made, inception

[Assistant]
The property for "point in time" is wd:P585, and it is used as a qualifier.

## Step 7: Build the Query

We now have all the pieces:

- Humans (wd:Q5) who received the Leibniz Prize (wd:Q703205) via p:P166/ps:P166.
- For each such human, find all other awards received (p:P166/ps:P166), with their point in time (p:P166/pq:P585).
- Only include ?otherAward if it is an instance/subclass of one of the following:
  - wd:Q618779 (award)
  - wd:Q11448906 (science award)
  - wd:Q15383322 (cultural prize)
  - wd:Q107471279 (chemistry award)
  - wd:Q378427 (literary award)
  - wd:Q107494520 (physics award)
  - wd:Q1966910 (national academy)
  - wd:Q1709894 (journalism prize)
- For each (?otherAward), count the number of distinct people who received it, and for each, count how many received it before, after, at the same time, or at an unknown time relative to their Leibniz Prize.

The logic for before/after/same/unknown is:
- If both dates are present:
  - before: ?otherAwardDate < ?leibnizDate
  - after: ?otherAwardDate > ?leibnizDate
  - same: ?otherAwardDate = ?leibnizDate
- If either date is missing: unknown

Now, let's write the SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query uses the 'UNDEF' keyword in BIND expressions, which is not standard SPARQL and is not supported by the QLever endpoint. This causes the query to fail to parse and execute. To fix this, you should use a different approach to count the people in each timing category, such as using GROUP BY and COUNT with FILTERs inside aggregates, or by using subqueries. Please rework the query to avoid 'UNDEF' and ensure compatibility with the endpoint.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. The use of UNDEF in BIND is indeed not supported in standard SPARQL or QLever. Instead, I will use COUNT(DISTINCT ...) with FILTERs inside the aggregates to count the people in each timing category.

Here's my plan:
- For each award, count the number of distinct people who received it.
- For each timing category (before, after, same, unknown), use COUNT(DISTINCT ?person) with a FILTER for that category.

Let's rewrite the query accordingly.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query is invalid due to the use of FILTER inside the COUNT aggregate, which is not supported by QLever or standard SPARQL. Instead, you should use SUM with IF conditions to count the different timing categories. For example: (SUM(IF(?timing = "before", 1, 0)) AS ?beforeCount). Please rewrite the query using this approach for the timing counts. Additionally, ensure that all returned variables are IRIs where appropriate, and that labels are only included optionally.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: FILTER inside COUNT is not standard SPARQL, and the correct approach is to use SUM(IF(...)) for conditional counting. I will also ensure that all returned variables are IRIs where appropriate, and labels are only included optionally.

Here's how I will structure the query:
- For each award (?otherAward), count the number of distinct people who received it.
- For each timing category, use SUM(IF(...)) to count the number of distinct people in each category.
- Return only IRIs for awards, and include labels optionally.

Let's write the corrected query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process