PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?movie ( MIN( YEAR( ?pubDate ) ) AS ?year ) ?enLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 ; wdt:P57 wd:Q8877 ; wdt:P577 ?pubDate .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?enLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?enLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?movie ?enLabel
ORDER BY ?year

Got 38 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                           | year           | enLabel                                 |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Escape to Nowhere (wd:Q3057871)                 | 1961 (xsd:int) | Escape to Nowhere (en)                  |
| Firelight (wd:Q591320)                          | 1964 (xsd:int) | Firelight (en)                          |
| The Sugarland Express (wd:Q432526)              | 1974 (xsd:int) | The Sugarland Express (en)              |
| Jaws (wd:Q189505)                               | 1975 (xsd:int) | Jaws (en)                               |
| Close Encounters of the Third Kind (wd:Q320588) | 1977 (xsd:int) | Close Encounters of the Third Kind (en) |
| ...                                             | ...            | ...                                     |
| The Post (wd:Q30203425)                         | 2017 (xsd:int) | The Post (en)                           |
| Living Space (wd:Q117789100)                    | 2018 (xsd:int) | Living Space (en)                       |
| Ready Player One (wd:Q22000542)                 | 2018 (xsd:int) | Ready Player One (en)                   |
| West Side Story (wd:Q63643994)                  | 2021 (xsd:int) | West Side Story (en)                    |
| The Fabelmans (wd:Q107710009)                   | 2022 (xsd:int) | The Fabelmans (en)                      |

This query returns all distinct movies directed by Steven Spielberg, their IRIs, the earliest year of publication, and their English titles (if available), sorted by year. Movies without an English label are still included in the results.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which distinct movies were directed by Steven Spielberg, along with their titles and the earliest year of publication, sorted by year?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find the entity for "Steven Spielberg".
2. We need to identify the property for "director" (to find movies directed by him).
3. We need to identify the property for "publication date" or "release year" of a movie.
4. We need to get the movie titles.
5. We need to ensure we get the earliest year if there are multiple publication dates.
6. We need to sort the results by year.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Steven Spielberg".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Steven Spielberg, also known as Steven Allan Spielberg, Spielberg (wd:Q8877): American filmmaker (born 1946), science fiction writer, television producer, executive producer, film screenwriter, businessperson, art collector, film director, film producer, entrepreneur, screenwriter, film editor, film actor, director, producer, writer, actor
2. Steven Spielberg (wd:Q125960377): 1995 edition of written work by Antonio Sánchez-Escalonilla García-Rico
3. Steven Spielberg (wd:Q125960366): written work by Antonio Sánchez-Escalonilla García-Rico
4. Steven Spielberg bibliography (wd:Q17119094)
5. Animaniacs, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Animaniacs (wd:Q547744): American animated television series
6. Taken, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents By Taken, Steven Spielberg Presents Taken, Steven Spielberg's Taken, Steven Spielbergs Taken (wd:Q1156592): American Sci-Fi, Drama TV series produced by Steven Spielberg (2002)
7. Animaniacs, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Animaniacs, Animaniacs revival, Animaniacs reboot, Animaniacs (2020), Animaniacs 2020 (wd:Q97327699): 2020 animated television series
8. The Steven Spielberg Story (wd:Q105043841): 1983 book by Tony Crawley
9. Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair (wd:Q3973447): 1996 simulation game
10. Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive, also known as Spielberg archive (wd:Q2910589): archive of Jewish documentary films

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Steven Spielberg, the filmmaker, is wd:Q8877.

Next, let's identify the property for "director" to find movies he directed.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. director / manager, also known as leader, manager, manager/director, managing director, Officer-in-Charge (wd:P1037 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person who manages any kind of group, significant person
2. director, also known as film director, movie director, game director, directed by (wd:P57 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): director(s) of film, TV-series, stageplay, video game or similar, contributor to the creative work or subject, creator
3. editor-in-chief, also known as lead editor, managing editor, executive editor, editor in chief, directed by (wd:P5769 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility fo...publishing articles or books in collections or periodical papers
4. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): position of the head of this item
5. creative director (wd:P12617 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person who makes high-level creative decisions, director
6. assistant director, also known as second unit director (wd:P5126 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): assistant stage director of a performing arts, film or television production
7. artistic director (wd:P8938 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person responsible for the overall artistic vision of an organization and for its execution. See also P3174 for works., director / manager
8. art director, also known as artistic director (wd:P3174 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person credited as the art director/artistic director of this wo... designers, lighting designers; See also P8938 for organizations
9. director of photography, also known as cinematographer, DOP (wd:P344 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person responsible for the framing, lighting, and filtration of the subject work, film crew member
10. director of archaeological fieldwork, also known as dig director, director of excavations, excavation director (wd:P4345 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person leading the archaeological or anthropological investigation at a given site, significant person

[Assistant]
The property for "director" of a film is wd:P57.

Now, we need to find movies where Steven Spielberg (wd:Q8877) is the director (wd:P57). Next, let's identify the property for "publication date" or "release year" of a movie.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
2. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
3. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place
4. published in, also known as song on album, tome of the book, tome of, track of, track on (wd:P1433 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): larger work that a given work was published in, like a book, journal or music album, part of
5. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
6. edition number, also known as number of event, software version number, version number (wd:P393 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of an edition (first, second, ... as 1, 2, ...) or event, series ordinal
7. publisher, also known as video game publisher, software publisher, comic book publisher, sheet music publisher, publishing house (wd:P123 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): organization or person responsible for publishing books, periodicals, printed music, podcasts, games or software
8. distribution format, also known as book format, type of media, publication format, method of distribution, medium (wd:P437 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): method (or type) of distribution for the subject
9. publication interval, also known as frequency of publication, interval of publication, publication cycle, publication frequency, update frequency (wd:P2896 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): standard publication interval for daily or periodical publications, event interval
10. platform, also known as computing platform, runtime, published on, platforms, hardware (wd:P400 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): platform for which a work was developed or released, or the specific platform version of a software product

[Assistant]
The property for "publication date" is wd:P577.

Now, to get the movie titles, we should use rdfs:label. We also need to ensure we only get movies (not TV shows, etc.), so let's check the typical class for movies in Wikidata, which is usually "film".

Let's search for the entity "film" to confirm its QID.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock
2. photographic film, also known as camera film, film, photo film (wd:Q6293): sheet of plastic coated with light-sensitive chemicals
3. film studies, also known as cinema studies, film, movie studies (wd:Q1660187): academic discipline that deals with various theoretical, historical, and critical approaches to films
4. thin film, also known as film, films, nanofilm, pellicle, thin layer (wd:Q1137203): a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness
5. motion picture film, also known as moving-picture film, movie film, cinematographic film, film (wd:Q110968856): type of photographic film for motion pictures
6. /Film, also known as SlashFilm, slashfilm.com (wd:Q573998): film blog
7. Everybody's Talking About Jamie, also known as film (wd:Q65050923): 2021 film directed by Jonathan Butterell
8. plastic foil, also known as Film, plastic film, Plastic film, plastic films (wd:Q1736298): thin continuous polymeric material
9. Film (wd:Q1414297): 1965 short film directed by Alan Schneider
10. Film, Film, Film, also known as Фильм, фильм, фильм (wd:Q4484382): 1968 animated short film by Fyodor Khitruk

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "film" (movie) is wd:Q11424.

Now, let's summarize the plan for the SPARQL query:
- Find items (?movie) that are instances of "film" (wd:Q11424).
- Where Steven Spielberg (wd:Q8877) is the director (wdt:P57).
- Get their titles (rdfs:label).
- Get their publication dates (wdt:P577).
- For each movie, get the earliest publication year.
- Return distinct movies, their titles, and the earliest year, sorted by year.

Let's write the SPARQL query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 38 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                           | year           | titleSample                             |
| ----------------------------------------------- | -------------- | --------------------------------------- |
| Escape to Nowhere (wd:Q3057871)                 | 1961 (xsd:int) | Escape to Nowhere (en)                  |
| Firelight (wd:Q591320)                          | 1964 (xsd:int) | Firelight (en)                          |
| The Sugarland Express (wd:Q432526)              | 1974 (xsd:int) | The Sugarland Express (en)              |
| Jaws (wd:Q189505)                               | 1975 (xsd:int) | Jaws (en)                               |
| Close Encounters of the Third Kind (wd:Q320588) | 1977 (xsd:int) | Close Encounters of the Third Kind (en) |
| ...                                             | ...            | ...                                     |
| The Post (wd:Q30203425)                         | 2017 (xsd:int) | The Post (en)                           |
| Ready Player One (wd:Q22000542)                 | 2018 (xsd:int) | Ready Player One (en)                   |
| Living Space (wd:Q117789100)                    | 2018 (xsd:int) | Living Space (en)                       |
| West Side Story (wd:Q63643994)                  | 2021 (xsd:int) | West Side Story (en)                    |
| The Fabelmans (wd:Q107710009)                   | 2022 (xsd:int) | The Fabelmans (en)                      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and returns the required information: distinct movies directed by Steven Spielberg, their titles (in English), and the earliest year of publication, sorted by year. However, there are a couple of refinements to improve the query:

1. The use of SAMPLE(?title) is not ideal. Since the query already restricts the label to English, it would be better to use MIN(?title) or MAX(?title) if you want a deterministic result, or simply return the label in an OPTIONAL clause without aggregation if only one label per movie is expected.
2. The query should ensure that only movies with an English label are included in the results, or handle cases where the English label is missing more gracefully (e.g., by returning the IRI even if the label is missing).
3. The query currently returns only the movie IRI, year, and a sample title. If the user wants all available titles, consider returning all labels in a separate OPTIONAL clause.

Overall, the query is sensible and mostly correct, but a small refinement would make it more robust and precise.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback! Here’s how I’ll refine the query:

1. I’ll avoid using SAMPLE(?title) and instead return the English label directly in an OPTIONAL clause, so each movie appears once with its English title if available.
2. I’ll ensure that all movies are included, even if they lack an English label, by not filtering out such cases.
3. The query will return the movie IRI, the earliest year of publication, and the English label (if present).
4. The results will be sorted by year.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?movie (MIN(YEAR(?pubDate)) AS ?year) ?enLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 ;
         wdt:P57 wd:Q8877 ;
         wdt:P577 ?pubDate .
  OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?enLabel FILTER (LANG(?enLabel) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?movie ?enLabel
ORDER BY ?year
```

This query ensures:
- Each movie appears once, with its IRI and English label if available.
- The earliest publication year is shown.
- Movies without an English label are still included.

Let me finalize this as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all distinct movies directed by Steven Spielberg, their IRIs, English titles (if available), and the earliest year of publication, sorted by year. The use of GROUP BY and MIN(YEAR(?pubDate)) ensures that the earliest year is selected for each movie, and the OPTIONAL clause for the English label is appropriate. The query adheres to all the specified rules, including returning IRIs and not using unsupported label services. The answer matches the user's request.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?item ?itemLabel ?place ?placeLabel ?iata ?icao ?end WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P31 ?type .
  VALUES ?type {
    wd:Q1248784 wd:Q695850 wd:Q62447
  }
  ?item wdt:P576 ?end .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P931 ?place .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?place rdfs:label ?placeLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?placeLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P238 ?iata
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P239 ?icao
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item rdfs:label ?itemLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?itemLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 100

The query returns airports, military airbases, or aerodromes that have ceased to exist (have an end date), including their item IDs, names, item IDs and labels of places they serve (if available), IATA and ICAO codes (if available), and end dates. Example results include Ankang Wulipu Airport (wd:Q1019286), Jinzhou Xiaolingzi Airport (wd:Q1019333), and Tullinge Airbase (wd:Q10680437), with associated codes and places served where available.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the airports, military airbases, or aerodromes that have ceased to exist or stopped being valid? Please provide their item IDs, names, item IDs and labels places they serve (if available), IATA codes (if available), ICAO codes (if available), and end dates.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for entities that are airports, military airbases, or aerodromes.
2. These entities must have ceased to exist or stopped being valid (i.e., have an end date or are marked as "former").
3. For each, we want:
   - Item ID
   - Name
   - Item ID and label of the place they serve (if available)
   - IATA code (if available)
   - ICAO code (if available)
   - End date

First, I need to identify the Wikidata items for "airport", "military airbase", and "aerodrome", as well as the relevant properties:
- Instance of (P31)
- Place served (P931)
- IATA code (P238)
- ICAO code (P239)
- End date (P576)
- Possibly "former" status (may be a qualifier or property)

I'll start by searching for the entities for "airport", "military airbase", and "aerodrome".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. airport, also known as aerodrome, air port, airports (wd:Q1248784): location where aircraft take off and land with extended support facilities, mostly for commercial air transport
2. Airport (wd:Q409022): 1970 film directed by George Seaton
3. AirPort, also known as Apple AirPort (wd:Q697292): brand of wifi router equipment made by Apple Inc.
4. Airport, also known as Airport, CA, Airport, California (wd:Q4698872): census-designated place in Stanislaus County, California, USA
5. Airport (wd:Q2604087): 1968 novel by Arthur Hailey
6. Kasese Airport, also known as Airport, HUKS, KSE (wd:Q6374123): airport in Uganda
7. Basongo Airport, also known as airport, BAN, FZVR (wd:Q3339360): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
8. Bambili-Dingila Airport, also known as airport, FZKB, Aéroport de Bambili-Dingila (wd:Q3206837): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
9. Bokungu Airport, also known as Airport, FZGF (wd:Q4938837): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
10. Airport, also known as Rapid Airport (wd:Q11289474): Rapid trains in Hokkaido, Japan

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. air base, also known as airbase, air force base, air force station, military air base, military airbase (wd:Q695850): aerodrome used by a military force for the operation of military aircraft
2. Tiyas Military Airbase, also known as T-4 Airbase (wd:Q21663059): Syrian Arab Air Force base in Homs Governorate, Syria
3. Kuweires Military Airbase, also known as Kuweires Airbase (wd:Q12694665): airbase and military aviation institute in Aleppo Governorate, Syria
4. Jirah Military Airbase (wd:Q29051268)
5. Tabqa Military Airbase, also known as Al-Thawrah airdrome (wd:Q21592797): Syrian Air Force base in Tabqa, Syria
6. Alcantarilla Military Airbase, also known as Alcantarilla Airbase, LERI (wd:Q3207184)
7. Ovar Military Airbase, also known as LPOV, Ovar AB Airport, Ovar Mil. (wd:Q9586748): military airbase in Portugal
8. Sitalchay Military Airbase (wd:Q7531621): military airbase in Azerbaijan
9. Al-Qusayr Military Airbase (wd:Q11824206): airport in Syria
10. Pollensa military airbase, also known as Pollença airbase (wd:Q15106269): Spanish military airbase in Pollensa

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. airport, also known as aerodrome, air port, airports (wd:Q1248784): location where aircraft take off and land with extended support facilities, mostly for commercial air transport
2. aerodrome, also known as airdrome, airfield, air navigation feature (wd:Q62447): location from which aircraft flight operations take place
3. Aerodrome, also known as Aerodrome (Austria), Aerodrome (music festival) (wd:Q381424): music festival in Wiener Neustadt, Austria
4. Aerodrome (wd:Q116446160): map in the 2018 video game Battlefield V
5. Aerodrome (wd:Q108080429): protected area in France
6. aerodrome (wd:L454494-S1)
7. aerodrome (wd:L316086-F1)
8. aerodrome (wd:L316086)
9. Perth Airport, also known as Guildford Aerodrome, Perth International Airport, Perth Domestic Airport, PER, PERTH (wd:Q45935): international airport in Perth, Western Australia
10. Oulu Airport, also known as EFOU, OUL, Oulu Aerodrome, OULU airport, Oulunsalo Airport (wd:Q1131604): airport in Oulu, Finland

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
2. end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
3. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
4. latest date, also known as terminus ante quem, prior to, on or before this date, no later than, max date (wd:P1326 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): latest possible time that something could have occurred. Use as qualifier for other date properties
5. earliest end date, also known as end date (earliest) (wd:P8554 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): (qualifier) earliest date on which the statement could have begun to no longer be true, earliest date, end time
6. work period (end), also known as floruit end, floruit (end of work), flourished (end), retirement, work ends (wd:P2032 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): end of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, end time, floruit
7. date of official closure, also known as closed, official closure, date of closure, closure date, closing date (wd:P3999 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date of official closure of a building or event, end time
8. end of covered period, also known as coverage end date, covered period end (wd:P7104 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): end of period covered by an archive set, a historical book, or a collection
9. end period, also known as until period (wd:P3416 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): last period in which the statement is still valid (including the period-value)
10. earliest date, also known as no earlier than, terminus post quem, start date (earliest), on or after this date, minimum date (wd:P1319 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): earliest date at which an event could have happened. Use as qualifier for other date properties

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. airline accounting code, also known as airline prefix code, IATA airline numeric code (wd:P5703 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number, referenced by IATA and unique among all the airlines, us...y the airline in various accounting activities such as ticketing
2. IATA airport code, also known as International Air Transport Association airport code, uio, IATA station code, IATA location identifier (wd:P238 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): three-letter identifier for designating airports, railway stations or cities (for airlines, see P229)
3. IATA airline designator, also known as IATA reservation code, International Air Transport Association airline designator (wd:P229 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): two-character identifier for an airline
4. ICAO airport code, also known as ICAO aerodrome code, ICAO airfield code, International Civil Aviation Organization airport code (wd:P239 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): four-character alphanumeric identifier for designating airports (for airlines, see P230)
5. ICAO airline designator, also known as International Civil Aviation Organization airline designator (wd:P230 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): three letter identifier for an airline (two letters only until 1982) (for airports, see P239)
6. callsign of airline, also known as airl aéronefine code, airline call sign, airline callsign (wd:P432 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier used in radio transmissions to refer to the subject airline, call sign
7. ATC code, also known as ATCC (wd:P267 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): therapeutic chemical identification code per ATC
8. flight number (wd:P3090 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for a specific flight
9. aircraft registration prefix (wd:P2986 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): national prefix used in civil aircraft registration numbers
10. ATCvet code (wd:P1668 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier of veterinary medicine

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
2. intended public, also known as for, user group, target market, target group, target demographic (wd:P2360 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): this work, product, object or event is intended for, or has been designed to that person or group of people, animals, plants, etc
3. place served by transport hub, also known as serves city, train station serves, served by transport hub, city served, area served by transport hub (wd:P931 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): territorial entity or entities served by this transport hub (airport, train station, etc.), significant place
4. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
5. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
6. directions, also known as locality or place (wd:P2795 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): describe how to find the subject - directions, objects along way, comments
7. activity policy in this place, also known as place allows, place forbids (wd:P5023 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): policy for activities in this place, for example no photos, photos allowed, no flash, lighting fires, flying drones, etc.
8. distributed from, also known as distributed via, host, hosted at, web host, webhost (wd:P10754 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): place or location where a good or service is distributed from
9. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
10. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. ICAO airport code, also known as ICAO aerodrome code, ICAO airfield code, International Civil Aviation Organization airport code (wd:P239 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): four-character alphanumeric identifier for designating airports (for airlines, see P230)
2. IATA airport code, also known as International Air Transport Association airport code, uio, IATA station code, IATA location identifier (wd:P238 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): three-letter identifier for designating airports, railway stations or cities (for airlines, see P229)
3. ICAO airline designator, also known as International Civil Aviation Organization airline designator (wd:P230 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): three letter identifier for an airline (two letters only until 1982) (for airports, see P239)
4. airline accounting code, also known as airline prefix code, IATA airline numeric code (wd:P5703 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number, referenced by IATA and unique among all the airlines, us...y the airline in various accounting activities such as ticketing
5. IATA airline designator, also known as IATA reservation code, International Air Transport Association airline designator (wd:P229 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): two-character identifier for an airline
6. FAA airport code, also known as FAA LID (wd:P240 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): three-letter or four-letter alphanumeric code identifying United States airports
7. ATC code, also known as ATCC (wd:P267 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): therapeutic chemical identification code per ATC
8. callsign of airline, also known as airl aéronefine code, airline call sign, airline callsign (wd:P432 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier used in radio transmissions to refer to the subject airline, call sign
9. aircraft registration prefix (wd:P2986 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): national prefix used in civil aircraft registration numbers
10. ATCvet code (wd:P1668 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier of veterinary medicine

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| item                                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| wd:Q100151419                                              |
| wd:Q100151425                                              |
| Ankang Wulipu Airport (wd:Q1019286)                        |
| Jinzhou Xiaolingzi Airport (wd:Q1019333)                   |
| Marble Mountain Air Facility (wd:Q1029720)                 |
| Marine Corps Air Station Eagle Mountain Lake (wd:Q1030180) |
| Maple Airport (wd:Q1031288)                                |
| Marden Airfield (wd:Q1031367)                              |
| Marienkhof (wd:Q1031375)                                   |
| Marine Corps Air Station El Toro (wd:Q1031385)             |

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 7 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| item                                                     | itemLabel                                     | place                                     | placeLabel                       | iata | icao | end                                 |
| -------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---- | ---- | ----------------------------------- |
| wd:Q100151419                                            |                                               |                                           |                                  |      |      | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| wd:Q100151425                                            |                                               |                                           |                                  |      |      | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ankang Wulipu Airport (wd:Q1019286)                      | Ankang Wulipu Airport (en)                    | Ankang (wd:Q515846)                       | Ankang (en)                      | AKA  | ZLAK | 2020-09-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Jinzhou Xiaolingzi Airport (wd:Q1019333)                 | Jinzhou Xiaolingzi Airport (en)               |                                           |                                  |      |      | 2015-12-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Marble Mountain Air Facility (wd:Q1029720)               | Marble Mountain Air Facility (en)             |                                           |                                  |      |      | _:bn425808                          |
| ...                                                      | ...                                           | ...                                       | ...                              | ...  | ...  | ...                                 |
| Tullinge Airbase (wd:Q10680437)                          | Tullinge Airbase (en)                         |                                           |                                  |      | ESCN | 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Strängnäs-Malmby Airbase (wd:Q10682089)                  | Strängnäs-Malmby Airbase (en)                 |                                           |                                  |      |      | 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Capt. J. Montenegro Airport (wd:Q106847406)              | Capt. J. Montenegro Airport (en)              | Pedasí township, Los Santos (wd:Q9057284) | Pedasí township, Los Santos (en) |      | MPPD | 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| San Clemente Naval Auxiliary Air Station (wd:Q106920135) | San Clemente Naval Auxiliary Air Station (en) |                                           |                                  |      |      | 1977-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Vail Airport, Montebello (wd:Q106936020)                 | Vail Airport, Montebello (en)                 |                                           |                                  |      |      | 1953-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves airports, military airbases, and aerodromes that have ceased to exist (have an end date), including their item IDs, English names, item IDs and English labels of places they serve (if available), IATA and ICAO codes (if available), and end dates. The use of OPTIONAL ensures that missing information does not exclude results. The query returns the required identifiers and does not use non-standard label services. The output matches the user's request and follows the specified rules.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?witchID ?residence ?residenceLabel ?residenceCoord ?gender ?genderLabel WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P4478 ?witchID .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P551 ?residence .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?residence wdt:P625 ?residenceCoord .
    }
    OPTIONAL {
      ?residence rdfs:label ?residenceLabel .
      FILTER ( lang( ?residenceLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P21 ?gender .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?gender rdfs:label ?genderLabel .
      FILTER ( lang( ?genderLabel ) = "en" )
    }
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 50

Got 50 rows and 8 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | personLabel            | witchID    | residence                   | residenceLabel    | residenceCoord                              | gender               | genderLabel |
| -------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------- | --------------------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------- |
| Margaret Atkin (wd:Q16594429)    | Margaret Atkin (en)    | A/EGD/2122 | Balwearie (wd:Q59244052)    | Balwearie (en)    | POINT(-3.204400 56.101600) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Jean Weir (wd:Q16849009)         | Jean Weir (en)         | A/EGD/565  | Edinburgh (wd:Q23436)       | Edinburgh (en)    | POINT(-3.189167 55.953333) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Ewfame Makcalzene (wd:Q18810708) | Ewfame Makcalzene (en) | A/EGD/93   | Clifton Hall (wd:Q17570276) | Clifton Hall (en) | POINT(-3.426910 55.923500) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Bessie Dunlop (wd:Q22907975)     | Bessie Dunlop (en)     | A/EGD/18   | Lynn Glen (wd:Q59225889)    | Lynn Glen (en)    | POINT(-4.732871 55.700500) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Alesoun Balfour (wd:Q26838323)   | Alesoun Balfour (en)   | A/EGD/116  | Stenness (wd:Q7607595)      | Stenness (en)     | POINT(-3.208330 58.985800) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| ...                              | ...                    | ...        | ...                         | ...               | ...                                         | ...                  | ...         |
| John Carfa (wd:Q43390065)        | John Carfa (en)        | A/EGD/1113 | Haddington (wd:Q2281658)    | Haddington (en)   | POINT(-2.783320 55.956120) (geo:wktLiteral) | male (wd:Q6581097)   | male (en)   |
| Bessie Aitkine (wd:Q43390069)    | Bessie Aitkine (en)    | A/EGD/1119 | Swinton (wd:Q7658777)       | Swinton (en)      | POINT(-2.264220 55.719700) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Barbara Wod (wd:Q43390072)       | Barbara Wod (en)       | A/EGD/1133 | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      | Earlston (en)     | POINT(-2.676973 55.638268) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Janet Allane (wd:Q43390076)      | Janet Allane (en)      | A/EGD/1137 | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      | Earlston (en)     | POINT(-2.676973 55.638268) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) | female (en) |
| Jon Hog (wd:Q43390080)           | Jon Hog (en)           | A/EGD/1141 | Markle (wd:Q54102831)       | Markle (en)       | POINT(-2.701390 55.988098) (geo:wktLiteral) | male (wd:Q6581097)   | male (en)   |

This refined query retrieves people with an accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft, their accused witch ID, their residences, coordinates of those residences, gender (if available), and English labels for the person, residence, and gender for better human readability.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who has an accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft? For each person, also include their residences, the coordinates of their residences, and gender (if available).

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for people who have an "accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft".
2. For each such person, we want:
   - Their residences
   - The coordinates of their residences
   - Their gender (if available)

First, I need to identify the property for "accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft" in Wikidata. Then, I need to find the properties for residence, coordinates, and gender.

Let's start by searching for the property "accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Survey of Scottish Witchcraft - Accused witch ID (wd:P4478 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): Accused witch identifier in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft database
2. Survey of Scottish Witchcraft - Person ID (wd:P4524 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for persons associated with the witch trials in the S... please use the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft - Accused Witch ID
3. Survey of Scottish Witchcraft - Case ID (wd:P10838 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for cases in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft database
4. Survey of Scottish Witchcraft - Trial ID (wd:P4532 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): іdentifier for trials in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft database
5. defendant, also known as litigant, respondant, plaintiff in, accused (wd:P1591 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person or organization accused at a trial, object of occurrence, participant
6. participant, also known as suspect, player, party, participants, has participant (wd:P710 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person, group of people or organization (object) that actively t...ct has role" (P3831). Use P1923 for participants that are teams., significant person
7. plaintiff, also known as accuser, claimant, litigant, pursuer (wd:P1620 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): party who initiates a lawsuit, participant
8. WeRelate person ID (wd:P4159 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for a person in the Creative Commons-licensed genealogical database WeRelate
9. charge, also known as criminal charge, accused of, charged with (wd:P1595 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): offence with which someone is charged, at a trial
10. Book Owners Online person ID, also known as BOO person ID (wd:P9651 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for a person in the database Book Owners Online

[Assistant]
The correct property for "accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft" is wd:P4478.

Next, I need to find the properties for:
- Residence
- Coordinates of residence
- Gender

Let's search for the property "residence" first.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
2. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person or organization occupying property, used by
3. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
4. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
5. official residence, also known as resides at, lives in, palace, presidential mansion, presidential palace (wd:P263 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the residence at which heads of government and other senior figures officially reside, residence
6. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types
7. number of housing units, also known as dwelling-places, housing units, number of dwelling-places (wd:P10814 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of housing units (dwellings) in a specific place (such as city, county, state, country etc.)
8. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
9. property, also known as allowed qualifier (wd:P2306 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with P2...traint), or to limit the scope of Q44292881 (wikidata statement)
10. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item

[Assistant]
The property for "residence" is wd:P551.

Now, let's find the property for "coordinates" (likely for the residence entity).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. this zoological name is coordinate with, also known as coordinate name (wd:P2743 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): links coordinate zoological names, different from
3. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
4. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
5. spatial reference system, also known as coordinate reference system, CRS, SRS (wd:P3037 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): frame of reference used to produce a map
6. y-offset, also known as ordinate, y-axis (wd:P8685 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): offset on the y-axis or secondary axis
7. genomic end, also known as stop coordinate, stop, genomic stop, Genloc End, Genloc Stop (wd:P645 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): genomic ending coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
8. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
9. political alignment, also known as political position, alignment (wd:P1387 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): political position within the left–right political spectrum
10. orientation, also known as alignment, direction, face, faces, facing (wd:P7469 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): axis of alignment of an item, or direction perpendicular to its primary face (specify with P518 if necessary)

[Assistant]
The property for "coordinate location" is wd:P625.

Now, let's find the property for "gender".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. grammatical gender, also known as gender (wd:P5185 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): grammatical gender of the word
2. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
3. requires grammatical feature, also known as grammatical feature required, required grammatical feature, requires case, requires mood, uses case (wd:P5713 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): grammatical features required or generally used with lexeme or form of lexeme
4. has grammatical gender, also known as grammatical genders, has genders (wd:P5109 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): specific form of noun class system of a language. Use qualifier ... subject of" (P805) to link to language specific item if present
5. personal pronoun, also known as gender pronoun, personal gender pronoun, personal pronouns, PGP, PGPs (wd:P6553 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): personal pronoun(s) this person goes by
6. semantic gender, also known as natural gender (wd:P10339 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): used when a word is only used to refer to people of this gender or to animals of this sex, independent of the grammatical gender
7. female form of label, also known as female form of label (string), female gender sense, feminine form of label (wd:P2521 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): female form of name or title (for male use P3321)
8. gender educated (wd:P7419 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): genders educated at this educational institution
9. male form of label, also known as male form of label (string), male gender sense, masculine form of label (wd:P3321 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): male form of name or title (for female use P2521)
10. given name version for other gender, also known as personal name version for other gender, other genders given name, male version of this female given name, gender inflection of given name, female version of this male given name (wd:P1560 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): equivalent name (with respect to the meaning of the name) in the...n of a female first name. Add primarily the closest matching one

[Assistant]
The property for "sex or gender" is wd:P21.

Now, I have all the properties needed:
- Accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft: wdt:P4478
- Residence: wdt:P551
- Coordinate location (of residence): wdt:P625
- Sex or gender: wdt:P21

Next, I will construct a SPARQL query to:
- Select all people with a value for wdt:P4478
- For each person, get their residences (wdt:P551)
- For each residence, get its coordinates (wdt:P625)
- For each person, get their gender (wdt:P21), if available

I'll also include optional labels for clarity, but will make them optional as per instructions.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 6.6 GB, but only 3.4 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
The query failed due to memory constraints, likely because there are too many results or the query is not selective enough. To reduce the load, I can try to limit the number of results and check if the structure works, then refine further.

I'll add a LIMIT clause (e.g., LIMIT 100) to test the query structure and see if it returns the expected results.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 6.6 GB, but only 3.4 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
Even with a LIMIT, the query still exceeds memory constraints. This suggests that the combination of OPTIONALs and the number of people with an accused witch ID is still too large.

To further reduce complexity, I can:
- Only retrieve persons and their accused witch ID first, to see how many results there are.
- If that works, I can incrementally add residence, then coordinates, then gender.

Let's start by just retrieving persons with an accused witch ID (wdt:P4478), with a LIMIT.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           |
| -------------------------------- |
| Margaret Atkin (wd:Q16594429)    |
| Jean Weir (wd:Q16849009)         |
| Ewfame Makcalzene (wd:Q18810708) |
| Bessie Dunlop (wd:Q22907975)     |
| Alesoun Balfour (wd:Q26838323)   |
| ...                              |
| John Carfa (wd:Q43390065)        |
| Bessie Aitkine (wd:Q43390069)    |
| Barbara Wod (wd:Q43390072)       |
| Janet Allane (wd:Q43390076)      |
| Jon Hog (wd:Q43390080)           |

[Assistant]
The query for just the persons with an accused witch ID works and returns results. Now, I'll incrementally add the residence (wdt:P551) as an OPTIONAL, still with a LIMIT to avoid memory issues.

This will help determine if the residence property is the source of the memory problem.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | residence                   |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Margaret Atkin (wd:Q16594429)    | Balwearie (wd:Q59244052)    |
| Jean Weir (wd:Q16849009)         | Edinburgh (wd:Q23436)       |
| Ewfame Makcalzene (wd:Q18810708) | Clifton Hall (wd:Q17570276) |
| Bessie Dunlop (wd:Q22907975)     | Lynn Glen (wd:Q59225889)    |
| Alesoun Balfour (wd:Q26838323)   | Stenness (wd:Q7607595)      |
| ...                              | ...                         |
| John Carfa (wd:Q43390065)        | Haddington (wd:Q2281658)    |
| Bessie Aitkine (wd:Q43390069)    | Swinton (wd:Q7658777)       |
| Barbara Wod (wd:Q43390072)       | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      |
| Janet Allane (wd:Q43390076)      | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      |
| Jon Hog (wd:Q43390080)           | Markle (wd:Q54102831)       |

[Assistant]
Adding the residence property works and returns results. Now, I'll add the coordinates of the residence (wdt:P625) as an OPTIONAL, still keeping the LIMIT to avoid memory issues.

This will help determine if the coordinate property is the source of the memory problem.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | residence                   | residenceCoord                              |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Margaret Atkin (wd:Q16594429)    | Balwearie (wd:Q59244052)    | POINT(-3.204400 56.101600) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Jean Weir (wd:Q16849009)         | Edinburgh (wd:Q23436)       | POINT(-3.189167 55.953333) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Ewfame Makcalzene (wd:Q18810708) | Clifton Hall (wd:Q17570276) | POINT(-3.426910 55.923500) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Bessie Dunlop (wd:Q22907975)     | Lynn Glen (wd:Q59225889)    | POINT(-4.732871 55.700500) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Alesoun Balfour (wd:Q26838323)   | Stenness (wd:Q7607595)      | POINT(-3.208330 58.985800) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| ...                              | ...                         | ...                                         |
| John Carfa (wd:Q43390065)        | Haddington (wd:Q2281658)    | POINT(-2.783320 55.956120) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Bessie Aitkine (wd:Q43390069)    | Swinton (wd:Q7658777)       | POINT(-2.264220 55.719700) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Barbara Wod (wd:Q43390072)       | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      | POINT(-2.676973 55.638268) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Janet Allane (wd:Q43390076)      | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      | POINT(-2.676973 55.638268) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Jon Hog (wd:Q43390080)           | Markle (wd:Q54102831)       | POINT(-2.701390 55.988098) (geo:wktLiteral) |

[Assistant]
Adding the coordinates of the residence works and returns results. Now, I'll add the gender (wdt:P21) as an OPTIONAL, still keeping the LIMIT to avoid memory issues.

This will complete the query as requested.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | residence                   | residenceCoord                              | gender               |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Margaret Atkin (wd:Q16594429)    | Balwearie (wd:Q59244052)    | POINT(-3.204400 56.101600) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Jean Weir (wd:Q16849009)         | Edinburgh (wd:Q23436)       | POINT(-3.189167 55.953333) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Ewfame Makcalzene (wd:Q18810708) | Clifton Hall (wd:Q17570276) | POINT(-3.426910 55.923500) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Bessie Dunlop (wd:Q22907975)     | Lynn Glen (wd:Q59225889)    | POINT(-4.732871 55.700500) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Alesoun Balfour (wd:Q26838323)   | Stenness (wd:Q7607595)      | POINT(-3.208330 58.985800) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| ...                              | ...                         | ...                                         | ...                  |
| John Carfa (wd:Q43390065)        | Haddington (wd:Q2281658)    | POINT(-2.783320 55.956120) (geo:wktLiteral) | male (wd:Q6581097)   |
| Bessie Aitkine (wd:Q43390069)    | Swinton (wd:Q7658777)       | POINT(-2.264220 55.719700) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Barbara Wod (wd:Q43390072)       | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      | POINT(-2.676973 55.638268) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Janet Allane (wd:Q43390076)      | Earlston (wd:Q1010108)      | POINT(-2.676973 55.638268) (geo:wktLiteral) | female (wd:Q6581072) |
| Jon Hog (wd:Q43390080)           | Markle (wd:Q54102831)       | POINT(-2.701390 55.988098) (geo:wktLiteral) | male (wd:Q6581097)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and retrieves the required information: people with an accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft, their residences, coordinates of those residences, and gender. However, the query does not return the actual accused witch ID (P4478) itself, which could be useful for completeness and disambiguation. Additionally, the query does not retrieve the labels for the person, residence, or gender, which would make the results more human-readable. These labels should be included via OPTIONAL clauses using rdfs:label. Please refine the query to include the accused witch ID and the relevant labels.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query:

1. I will add the accused witch ID (?witchID) to the SELECT clause.
2. I will include OPTIONAL clauses to retrieve rdfs:label for the person, residence, and gender entities, using distinct variable names for each label.
3. I will ensure that the labels are included as OPTIONAL so that the query remains robust even if some labels are missing.

Here is the refined query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves people with an accused witch ID in the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft, their residences, the coordinates of those residences, and gender (if available). It also includes optional English labels for better readability, which is acceptable since the IRIs are always included. The query structure is sound, and the result matches the user's requirements. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?coaster ?country WHERE {
  ?coaster wdt:P31 wd:Q204832 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?coaster wdt:P17 ?country .
  }
}
LIMIT 50

Got 50 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| coaster                                               | country                  |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Bullet (wd:Q1004335)                                  | United Kingdom (wd:Q145) |
| wd:Q1028778                                           | Germany (wd:Q183)        |
| Windstorm (wd:Q10393876)                              | Brazil (wd:Q155)         |
| Circus Express (wd:Q10453412)                         | Sweden (wd:Q34)          |
| Gamla bergbanan (wd:Q10502454)                        | Sweden (wd:Q34)          |
| ...                                                   | ...                      |
| Doraemon XR Ride: Nobita's Sky Utopia (wd:Q130297383) |                          |
| Chura Racer (wd:Q130349483)                           | Germany (wd:Q183)        |
| wd:Q130356594                                         | Germany (wd:Q183)        |
| Minifigure Speedway (wd:Q130735411)                   | United Kingdom (wd:Q145) |
| Bowls of Joy (wd:Q131036652)                          |                          |

Here is a list of 50 roller coasters and their respective countries (if available). Each result contains the IRI of the roller coaster and, if available, the IRI of its country.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Get a list of roller coasters and their respective countries, if available.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find entities that are roller coasters.
2. For each roller coaster, we want to retrieve the country it is located in, if available.

First, I will search for the entity representing "roller coaster" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. roller coaster, also known as coaster, rollercoaster (wd:Q204832): type of amusement ride found at amusement parks and carnivals
2. steel roller coaster, also known as steel roller coasters, roller coaster (steel), roller coasters (steel), roller coasters made of steel, roller coaster made of steel (wd:Q2389789): type of roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel
3. Roller Coaster (wd:Q15630210): single by Justin Bieber
4. Roller Coaster, also known as White Roller Coaster (wd:Q7361012): roller coaster at Lagoon Amusement Park
5. Roller Coaster (wd:Q25394129): single by Toni Braxton and Babyface
6. Roller Coaster (wd:Q120648054): 2023 single by Nmixx
7. 🎢, also known as U+1F3A2, roller coaster ride emoji, ROLLER COASTER, roller coaster emoji (wd:Q87577117): Unicode character
8. Roller Coaster (wd:Q7361018): steel roller coaster at Suối Tiên Amusement Park
9. Roller Coaster (wd:Q7361016): album by Scott Cain
10. Roller Coaster (wd:Q7361015): album by Red Bacteria Vacuum

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "roller coaster" as a type of amusement ride is wd:Q204832.

Next, I need to find roller coasters (instances of wd:Q204832) and for each, retrieve their country if available. To do this, I need to identify the property for "country" in Wikidata.

I will search for the property "country".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
2. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. continent (wd:P30 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The most appropriate property for the country a roller coaster is located in is "country" (wd:P17).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to:
- Find all entities that are instances of "roller coaster" (wd:Q204832)
- For each, retrieve the country (wd:P17) if available
- Optionally, retrieve the labels for the roller coaster and country for readability

Let's write and execute this query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 6.6 GB, but only 5.5 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
The query failed due to memory limitations, likely because there are a large number of roller coaster entities in Wikidata. To address this, I will try to reduce the memory usage by limiting the number of results and simplifying the query.

I will:
- Limit the results to 50.
- Only retrieve the IRIs and optionally the English labels.

Let's try this simplified query.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| coaster                                               | country                  |
| ----------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Bullet (wd:Q1004335)                                  | United Kingdom (wd:Q145) |
| wd:Q1028778                                           | Germany (wd:Q183)        |
| Windstorm (wd:Q10393876)                              | Brazil (wd:Q155)         |
| Circus Express (wd:Q10453412)                         | Sweden (wd:Q34)          |
| Gamla bergbanan (wd:Q10502454)                        | Sweden (wd:Q34)          |
| ...                                                   | ...                      |
| Doraemon XR Ride: Nobita's Sky Utopia (wd:Q130297383) |                          |
| Chura Racer (wd:Q130349483)                           | Germany (wd:Q183)        |
| wd:Q130356594                                         | Germany (wd:Q183)        |
| Minifigure Speedway (wd:Q130735411)                   | United Kingdom (wd:Q145) |
| Bowls of Joy (wd:Q131036652)                          |                          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves roller coasters (wd:Q204832) and their respective countries (wd:P17), using an OPTIONAL clause for the country to handle cases where this information is not available. The query returns the IRIs as required, and the answer is consistent with the user's request. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?item ?doi ?title ?label WHERE {
  VALUES ?doi {
    "10.1126/SCIENCE.156.3775.636" "10.1145/358027.358042"
  }
  ?item wdt:P356 ?doi .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item wdt:P1476 ?title
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?item rdfs:label ?label FILTER ( lang( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

The items associated with the given DOIs are:

- DOI '10.1126/SCIENCE.156.3775.636': [How Long Is the Coast of Britain...ilarity and Fractional Dimension](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3554851), title: "How Long Is the Coast of Britain...ilarity and Fractional Dimension"
- DOI '10.1145/358027.358042': [The Complexity of Songs](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2410432), title: "The Complexity of Songs"

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the items associated with the DOIs '10.1126/SCIENCE.156.3775.636' and '10.1145/358027.358042', along with their titles if available?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Identify the property in Wikidata that links items to their DOI.
2. Use this property to find items with the specified DOIs.
3. Retrieve the titles of these items if available.

First, I will search for the property related to DOI in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. DOI, also known as Digital Object Identifier, doi (wd:P356 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): serial code used to uniquely identify digital objects like academic papers (use upper case letters only)
2. DOI prefix, also known as doip, DOIP (wd:P1662 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier specific to a DOI registrant
3. DOI formatter (wd:P8404 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): formatter string where '$1' can be automatically replaced to create a DOI
4. Disease Ontology ID, also known as DOID (wd:P699 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier in the Disease Ontology database
5. Altmetric DOI (wd:P5530 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): DOI of a scientific or academic article at altmetric.com, to track citation metrics
6. Director Identification Number, also known as DIN, DIN number India, India DIN, Indian Director Number (wd:P9706 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for a person intending to be a director or an existing director of a company, assigned by the Indian central government
7. DIA ID, also known as Detroit Institute of Arts ID (wd:P8916 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for an artwork on the Detroit Institute of Arts website
8. Playboy Plus ID, also known as PlayboyPlus.com ID, Playmates Playmate ID, PMID (wd:P5346 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier of a profile on the Playboy Plus website
9. PubMed publication ID, also known as PMID, PubMed reference number, PubMed ID (wd:P698 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for journal articles/abstracts in PubMed
10. Relations Ontology ID, also known as RO ID, Relation Ontology ID (wd:P3590 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): ID in the Relations Ontology

[Assistant]
The property for DOI in Wikidata is wdt:P356.

Next, I will write a SPARQL query to find items that have the DOI '10.1126/SCIENCE.156.3775.636' or '10.1145/358027.358042', and retrieve their titles if available. The title is usually given by the property "title" (wdt:P1476).

I will check the property for "title" to be sure.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
2. official name, also known as long title, name, official title, registered name, full title (wd:P1448 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): official name of the subject in its official language(s), name
3. title of broader work, also known as container title, website title (wd:P6333 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): title of website, journal or other work in which an article (or ...is published in. Use "published in" (P1433) instead if possible.
4. front and back matter, also known as glossary of this book, postface, introduction in this book, index of this book, preface (wd:P8570 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): front and back matter of a book, has part(s) of the class
5. title page number, also known as cover page number, title djvu page, title file page, title file page number, title page (wd:P4714 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier to indicate the number of the page of a document in which the title page is located. Don't use for the actual cover page.
6. short name, also known as short title, shortname, abbreviation, shortened name, initialism (wd:P1813 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): short name of a place, organisation, person, journal, wikidata property, etc. Used by some Wikipedia templates., name
7. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
8. title in LaTeX, also known as LaTeX title, Tex title, title in TeX (wd:P6835 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): (qualifier) for title property (P1476), to write title in LaTeX/...n't render it normally. Enclose normal text with " ext{" and "}"
9. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
10. review score by, also known as publication, reviewer, score issuer, scorer (wd:P447 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): issuer of a review score

[Assistant]
The property for "title" is confirmed as wdt:P1476.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve items with either of the two specified DOIs (using wdt:P356), along with their titles (wdt:P1476), if available. I will also include the item's IRI and optionally its rdfs:label for easier identification.

Here is the query I will use.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| item                                                                              | doi                          | title                                                                    | label                                                                    |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| The Complexity of Songs (wd:Q2410432)                                             | 10.1145/358027.358042        | The Complexity of Songs (en)                                             | The Complexity of Songs (en)                                             |
| How Long Is the Coast of Britain...ilarity and Fractional Dimension (wd:Q3554851) | 10.1126/SCIENCE.156.3775.636 | How Long Is the Coast of Britain...ilarity and Fractional Dimension (en) | How Long Is the Coast of Britain...ilarity and Fractional Dimension (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the Wikidata items associated with the specified DOIs and includes their titles if available. The query uses the correct properties (wdt:P356 for DOI and wdt:P1476 for title), and the results match the expected items. The inclusion of rdfs:label as an optional field is appropriate. No further refinement is necessary.