PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?lang ( COUNT( DISTINCT ?country ) AS ?countryCount ) ( SAMPLE( ?langLabel ) AS ?label ) WHERE {
  {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
    ?country wdt:P37 ?lang .
    ?lang wdt:P282 ?writingSystem .
    ?writingSystem wdt:P279 * wd:Q8229 .
  } UNION {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
    ?country wdt:P37 ?lang .
    ?lang wdt:P282 ?writingSystem .
    ?writingSystem wdt:P31 wd:Q29575627 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lang rdfs:label ?langLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?langLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?lang
ORDER BY DESC ( ?countryCount )

Got 109 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lang                       | countryCount | label               |
| -------------------------- | ------------ | ------------------- |
| English (wd:Q1860)         | 55 (xsd:int) | English (en)        |
| French (wd:Q150)           | 25 (xsd:int) | French (en)         |
| Spanish (wd:Q1321)         | 18 (xsd:int) | Spanish (en)        |
| Portuguese (wd:Q5146)      | 8 (xsd:int)  | Portuguese (en)     |
| German (wd:Q188)           | 6 (xsd:int)  | German (en)         |
| ...                        | ...          | ...                 |
| Shona (wd:Q34004)          | 1 (xsd:int)  | Shona (en)          |
| Sango (wd:Q33954)          | 1 (xsd:int)  | Sango (en)          |
| Northern Sotho (wd:Q33890) | 1 (xsd:int)  | Northern Sotho (en) |
| Papiamento (wd:Q33856)     | 1 (xsd:int)  | Papiamento (en)     |
| Niuean (wd:Q33790)         | 1 (xsd:int)  | Niuean (en)         |

This query returns the official languages of countries that use a writing system which is either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet, including a count of each language and ordering by the count in descending order. The IRIs of the languages are included, and labels are provided optionally.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the official languages of countries that use a writing system which is either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet? Include a count of each language, and order by the count in descending order.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find countries that use a writing system.
2. The writing system must be either:
   - a subclass of the Latin script, or
   - an instance of a Latin-script alphabet.
3. For those countries, we want their official languages.
4. We need to count how many countries each language is official in, and order by this count descending.

First, let's identify the relevant entities and properties:
- "Country": likely wd:Q6256 (country)
- "Official language": property for official language (let's search for this)
- "Writing system": property for writing system used (let's search for this)
- "Latin script": wd:Q8229
- "Subclass of": property for subclass of (let's search for this)
- "Instance of": property for instance of (let's search for this)

Let's start by searching for the properties for "official language", "writing system", "subclass of", and "instance of".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. writing system, also known as script, writing script, written form (wd:P282 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): alphabet, character set or other system of writing used by a language, word, or text, supported by a typeface
2. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
3. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
4. script style, also known as handwriting style, type style, style of writing, style of script (wd:P9302 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): style of script of a document or typeface
5. typeface/font used, also known as is sample of, typeface used, typeface, lettering, font used (wd:P2739 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): style of type used in a work
6. writable file format, also known as can write, file format written, output file, writes file format (wd:P1073 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): file format a program can create and/or write to
7. handwriting example, also known as example of handwriting, handwriting image, image of handwriting (wd:P12981 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): sample image of the person's handwriting
8. typing discipline, also known as typing, type system (wd:P7078 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): specifies the typing discipline implemented, used, or mandated in a programming language, manifestation of
9. writing technique (wd:P12876 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): technique used for writing on stone, paper or other support, fabrication method
10. letterer, also known as lettering by (wd:P9191 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person responsible for drawing the comic book's text, word balloons, etc., illustrator

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
2. is metaclass for, also known as instances are a subclass of, instances are subclasses of, instances are subclass of, is a metaclass for, is a metaclass of (wd:P8225 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): all instances of the subject are subclasses of the object
3. subproperty of, also known as subclass of property, superproperty, subPropertyOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf, parent property (wd:P1647 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): all resources related by this property are also related by that property, related property
4. facet of, also known as subitem of, topic of, subtopic of, subject in, section in (wd:P1269 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): topic of which this item is an aspect; item that offers a broader perspective on the same topic
5. narrower external class, also known as external subclass (wd:P3950 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): more specific subclass included in other ontology but not in Wikidata
6. metasubclass of, also known as metaclass of (wd:P2445 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): relation between two metaclasses: instances of this metaclass ar...subclasses of classes that are instances of the target metaclass
7. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
8. equivalent in higher rank taxon, also known as term in larger group, closest concept in higher taxon, term in higher taxon, term in higher-order taxon, subclass of higher-taxon concept (wd:P10019 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): an equivalent class that is species-neutral or scoped to higher ranking taxa, subclass of
9. equivalent class, also known as schema.org type, same kind of thing, same grouping, same class, external class (wd:P1709 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): equivalent class in other ontologies (use property URI), exact match, URL
10. part of the series, also known as series, video game series, subseries, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): series which contains the subject, part of

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Wikidata property example, also known as e.g., Wikidata property sample, property sample, property example, for example (wd:P1855 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): example where this Wikidata property is used; target item is one...ualifier the property being described given the associated value
3. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
4. subproperty of, also known as subclass of property, superproperty, subPropertyOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf, parent property (wd:P1647 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): all resources related by this property are also related by that property, related property
5. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
6. model item, also known as specimen, sample, featured item, example item, best example (wd:P5869 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): defines which item is a best practice example of modelling a sub...lue of this property, usage instructions at Wikidata:Model items
7. permanent duplicated item, also known as same concept as, same as, duplicate of, permanently duplicated item, duplicate of item (wd:P2959 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): this item duplicates another item and the two can't be merged, a... cdowiki, gomwiki, nanwiki).  Use P31=Q17362920 for other wikis.
8. exemplar of, also known as contains work, includes work, contents (wd:P1574 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): Links an individual copy of a work to the item for that work or edition, instance of
9. usage example, also known as sentence, use in a sentence, example sentence (wd:P5831 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): example of how a lexeme (sense) might be used
10. fictional or mythical analog of, also known as fictionalisation of, mythical analog of, fictional version of, fictionalization of, fictional analog of (wd:P1074 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): used to link an entity or class of entities appearing in a creat...with the analogous entity or class of entities in the real world, inspired by

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Latin script, also known as Latn, Roman script (wd:Q8229): writing system used to write most Western, Northern and Central European languages
2. Latin script (wd:L406880-S1)
3. Latin script (wd:L742377-S1)
4. Ivan, also known as Ivan (given name), Ivan (Latin script), Ivan (first name) (wd:Q830350): male given name
5. Ɑ, also known as script A, script a, Latin script A, Latin alpha, alpha (wd:Q652798): letter of the Latin alphabet
6. Somali Latin alphabet, also known as Latin script Somali, Latin Somali, Somali in Latin script, Somali Latin orthography, Somali orthography (wd:Q6541770): official Somali writing system
7. Kurdish Latin Script, also known as Kurdish Latin alphabet orthography, Kurdish Latin orthography (wd:Q13175483): Latin-based orthography for Kurdish
8. extended Latin alphabet, also known as extended Latin, extended Latin script (wd:Q3237042): letters of the Latin script family outside of the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet
9. Indonesian alphabet, also known as Indonesian writing, Indonesian script, Indonesian Latin script, Indonesian orthography, Abjad Indonesia (wd:Q110829386): ISO basic Latin alphabet without any diacritics, used to write Indonesian language
10. Sylheti in Latin script, also known as Sylheti in Roman script, Sylheti (Latin script), syl-lat, syl-Latn (wd:Q120142383): language in a particular script

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627): alphabet that uses letters of the Latin script
2. alphabet, also known as ABC, alphabetic writing system (wd:Q9779): standard set of letters present in some written languages
3. Alphabet Inc., also known as Alphabet, Alphabet company, Alphabet Inc, Alphabet, Inc, Alphabet, Inc. (wd:Q20800404): American multinational technology conglomerate
4. alphabet, also known as set of symbols, set of letters, binary alphabet, alphabet of a formal language, alphabet (formal languages) (wd:Q837518): non-empty set of symbols or letters that make up strings in a formal language
5. Alphabet, also known as alphabetical system (wd:Q4231268): kind of writing systems
6. Alphabet, also known as A Pirate in Alphabet City (wd:Q15302777): 2013 documentary film directed by Erwin Wagenhofer
7. Alphabet (wd:Q4735189): single by Amanda Lear
8. Alphabet (wd:Q2839530): 1999 video game
9. Alphabet. Alphabets. (wd:Q4735184): album by Trophy Scars
10. Alphabet, also known as A͈L͈P͈H͈A͈B͈E͈T͈ (wd:Q105654900): 2013 experimental video game

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                         | property                  | object                  |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Zulu (wd:Q10179)                | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Zazaki (wd:Q10199)              | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Dutch Wikipedia (wd:Q10000)     | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Limburgish (wd:Q102172)         | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| North Germanic (wd:Q106085)     | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Bosnian Wikipedia (wd:Q1047829) | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Aranese (wd:Q10196)             | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| West Flemish (wd:Q100103)       | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Zuni (wd:Q10188)                | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Strauss (wd:Q10450274)          | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| ...                             | ...                       | ...                     |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 25 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                   | property               | object                  |
| ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670)                | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Gaj's Latin alphabet (wd:Q754989)         | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Spanish alphabet (wd:Q285126)             | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Dutch alphabet (wd:Q2297077)              | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Uyghur New Script (wd:Q11084133)          | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Sawcuengh (wd:Q3704415)                   | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Kurdish Latin Script (wd:Q13175483)       | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627)      | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Roman Urdu (wd:Q3307116)                  | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| Montenegrin Latin alphabet (wd:Q94691836) | subclass of (wdt:P279) | Latin script (wd:Q8229) |
| ...                                       | ...                    | ...                     |

[Tool]
Got 125 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property              | object                               |
| --------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| English alphabet (wd:Q754673)     | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Turkish alphabet (wd:Q637405)     | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Vietnamese alphabet (wd:Q622712)  | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| French alphabet (wd:Q755124)      | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670)        | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Azerbaijani alphabet (wd:Q570693) | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Gaj's Latin alphabet (wd:Q754989) | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| German alphabet (wd:Q912243)      | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Swedish alphabet (wd:Q2352347)    | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| Spanish alphabet (wd:Q285126)     | instance of (wdt:P31) | Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627) |
| ...                               | ...                   | ...                                  |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. writing system, also known as script, writing script, written form (wd:P282 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): alphabet, character set or other system of writing used by a language, word, or text, supported by a typeface
2. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
3. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
6. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. Revised Romanization, also known as Revised Romanization of Korean, RR, Revised Romanization (Korean) (wd:P2001 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): romanisation following the Revised Romanisation of the Korean language, transliteration or transcription
9. transliteration or transcription, also known as conversion of scripts, romanisation, romanization, transcription, transcription and transliteration (wd:P2440 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): conversion of text to alternate script (use as a qualifier for m...ngual text statements; please use specific property if possible)
10. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
2. ISO 3166-3, also known as Code for formerly used names of countries (wd:P773 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): identifier for a country name that has been deleted from ISO 3166-1 since its first publication in 1974
3. writing system, also known as script, writing script, written form (wd:P282 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): alphabet, character set or other system of writing used by a language, word, or text, supported by a typeface
4. script directionality, also known as letter direction, writing directionality, writing direction, letter directionality, directionality (wd:P1406 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): direction that a writing system goes in
5. identified in image by, also known as depicted with identifier, legend for number, lettered as, letter in image, marked as (wd:P7380 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): qualifier for the identification of a value/object with a number, letter or sign inscribed in the image
6. call sign, also known as call letters, callsign, code letters (wd:P2317 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): short form identifier for a radio operator or broadcaster and (as flag signal) previous for watercrafts
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                  | object                                      |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Richelle (wd:Q105220493)    | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin (wd:Q397)                             |
| Amrut (wd:Q105529527)       | writing system (wdt:P282) | Hindi (wd:Q1568)                            |
| Cardo (wd:Q1035768)         | writing system (wdt:P282) | International Phonetic Alphabet (wd:Q21204) |
| Dutch Wikipedia (wd:Q10000) | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin script (wd:Q8229)                     |
| Ovsey (wd:Q10000006)        | writing system (wdt:P282) | Cyrillic script (wd:Q8209)                  |
| Pelagía (wd:Q100152001)     | writing system (wdt:P282) | Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216)                   |
| ʿAllush (wd:Q100248111)     | writing system (wdt:P282) | Arabic alphabet (wd:Q8196)                  |
| Radical 51 (wd:Q100189)     | writing system (wdt:P282) | Chinese characters (wd:Q8201)               |
| Yeong-hae (wd:Q100839578)   | writing system (wdt:P282) | Hangul (wd:Q8222)                           |
| Rokeya (wd:Q100321954)      | writing system (wdt:P282) | Devanagari (wd:Q38592)                      |
| ...                         | ...                       | ...                                         |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. writing system, also known as script, writing script, written form (wd:P282 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): alphabet, character set or other system of writing used by a language, word, or text, supported by a typeface
2. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
3. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
6. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. Revised Romanization, also known as Revised Romanization of Korean, RR, Revised Romanization (Korean) (wd:P2001 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): romanisation following the Revised Romanisation of the Korean language, transliteration or transcription
9. transliteration or transcription, also known as conversion of scripts, romanisation, romanization, transcription, transcription and transliteration (wd:P2440 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): conversion of text to alternate script (use as a qualifier for m...ngual text statements; please use specific property if possible)
10. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

[Tool]
Got 41 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                         | property                  | object                     |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Latin (wd:Q397)                 | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Lingua Franca Nova (wd:Q146803) | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Banjar (wd:Q33151)              | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Saho (wd:Q36353)                | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Romagnol (wd:Q1641543)          | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Pijin (wd:Q36699)               | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Berta (wd:Q33178)               | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Gumuz (wd:Q2396970)             | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Oksapmin (wd:Q1068097)          | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| Onondaga (wd:Q1077450)          | writing system (wdt:P282) | Latin alphabet (wd:Q41670) |
| ...                             | ...                       | ...                        |

[Tool]
Got 15 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                    | property                  | object                        |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Australian English (wd:Q44679)             | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| International English (wd:Q1342549)        | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Euro English (wd:Q23580217)                | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Multicultural London English (wd:Q6934635) | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Caribbean English (wd:Q4567134)            | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Gibraltarian English (wd:Q5559233)         | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| turn of the century (wd:Q58445615)         | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Greenspun (wd:Q5604570)                    | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Wikitech (wd:Q104819161)                   | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| Banglish (wd:Q124638679)                   | writing system (wdt:P282) | English alphabet (wd:Q754673) |
| ...                                        | ...                       | ...                           |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
4. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
5. has part(s) of the class, also known as has part of class, nwere akụkụ(s) na-akpụ subclass nke, part of class, nwere akụkụ nke klaasị, part of the class (wd:P2670 as p/wdt): the subject has one or more parts of the object class, has part(s)
6. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as p/wdt): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
7. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as p/wdt): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
8. OpenStreetMap tag or key, also known as tag, OSM wiki tag or key, OpenStreetMap relation role, OSM tag or key, OSM tag (wd:P1282 as p/wdt): OpenStreetMap tagging schema (a Key:key, Tag:key=value, Relation:type, or Role:role) for classes, properties, and values
9. permanent duplicated item, also known as same concept as, same as, duplicate of, permanently duplicated item, duplicate of item (wd:P2959 as p/wdt): this item duplicates another item and the two can't be merged, a... cdowiki, gomwiki, nanwiki).  Use P31=Q17362920 for other wikis.
10. model item, also known as specimen, sample, featured item, example item, best example (wd:P5869 as p/wdt): defines which item is a best practice example of modelling a sub...lue of this property, usage instructions at Wikidata:Model items

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| country                  |
| ------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)      |
| Cape Verde (wd:Q1011)    |
| Lesotho (wd:Q1013)       |
| Liberia (wd:Q1014)       |
| Libya (wd:Q1016)         |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| country          | writingSystem                |
| ---------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | Malay alphabet (wd:Q2673515) |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | Jawi (wd:Q83942)             |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| country          | writingSystem                |
| ---------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | Malay alphabet (wd:Q2673515) |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | Jawi (wd:Q83942)             |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| country          | lang                       | writingSystem                |
| ---------------- | -------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | British English (wd:Q7979) | Malay alphabet (wd:Q2673515) |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | British English (wd:Q7979) | Jawi (wd:Q83942)             |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | Malay (wd:Q9237)           | Malay alphabet (wd:Q2673515) |
| Brunei (wd:Q921) | Malay (wd:Q9237)           | Jawi (wd:Q83942)             |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                                | lang                  |
| -------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)                       | French (wd:Q150)      |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)                  | English (wd:Q1860)    |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)                      | French (wd:Q150)      |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007)               | Portuguese (wd:Q5146) |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)                 | French (wd:Q150)      |
| ...                                    | ...                   |
| Hungary (wd:Q28)                       | Hungarian (wd:Q9067)  |
| Spain (wd:Q29)                         | Spanish (wd:Q1321)    |
| Chile (wd:Q298)                        | Spanish (wd:Q1321)    |
| Kingdom of the Netherlands (wd:Q29999) | Dutch (wd:Q7411)      |
| United States (wd:Q30)                 | English (wd:Q1860)    |

[Tool]
Got 106 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lang                       | countryCount |
| -------------------------- | ------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860)         | 55 (xsd:int) |
| French (wd:Q150)           | 25 (xsd:int) |
| Spanish (wd:Q1321)         | 18 (xsd:int) |
| Portuguese (wd:Q5146)      | 8 (xsd:int)  |
| German (wd:Q188)           | 6 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                        | ...          |
| Shona (wd:Q34004)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Sango (wd:Q33954)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Northern Sotho (wd:Q33890) | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Papiamento (wd:Q33856)     | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Niuean (wd:Q33790)         | 1 (xsd:int)  |

[Tool]
Got 106 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lang                       | langLabel           | countryCount |
| -------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------ |
| English (wd:Q1860)         | English (en)        | 55 (xsd:int) |
| French (wd:Q150)           | French (en)         | 25 (xsd:int) |
| Spanish (wd:Q1321)         | Spanish (en)        | 18 (xsd:int) |
| Portuguese (wd:Q5146)      | Portuguese (en)     | 8 (xsd:int)  |
| German (wd:Q188)           | German (en)         | 6 (xsd:int)  |
| ...                        | ...                 | ...          |
| Shona (wd:Q34004)          | Shona (en)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Sango (wd:Q33954)          | Sango (en)          | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Northern Sotho (wd:Q33890) | Northern Sotho (en) | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Papiamento (wd:Q33856)     | Papiamento (en)     | 1 (xsd:int)  |
| Niuean (wd:Q33790)         | Niuean (en)         | 1 (xsd:int)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct and produces a sensible answer, but it misses one aspect of the question: it only includes writing systems that are subclasses of Latin script (wd:Q8229), but not those that are instances of a Latin-script alphabet. The question asks for writing systems that are either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet. To fully answer the question, the query should also include items that are instances (wdt:P31) of a Latin-script alphabet (which may be a separate class or set of items). Consider adding a UNION clause to include both subclasses and instances as specified. Additionally, the query should return the IRIs of the languages (as it currently does), but if labels are included, they should be in OPTIONAL clauses.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the previous query only included writing systems that are subclasses of Latin script, but not those that are instances of a Latin-script alphabet. To fully answer the question, we need to include both:

- Writing systems that are subclasses (wdt:P279*) of Latin script (wd:Q8229)
- Writing systems that are instances (wdt:P31) of Latin-script alphabet (wd:Q29575627)

We can achieve this by using a UNION in the SPARQL query. Additionally, I will include OPTIONAL clauses for language labels.

Here is the refined query:

```sparql
SELECT ?lang (COUNT(DISTINCT ?country) AS ?countryCount) (SAMPLE(?langLabel) AS ?label)
WHERE {
  {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
    ?country wdt:P37 ?lang .
    ?lang wdt:P282 ?writingSystem .
    ?writingSystem wdt:P279* wd:Q8229 .
  }
  UNION
  {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
    ?country wdt:P37 ?lang .
    ?lang wdt:P282 ?writingSystem .
    ?writingSystem wdt:P31 wd:Q29575627 .
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?lang rdfs:label ?langLabel FILTER(LANG(?langLabel) = "en") }
}
GROUP BY ?lang
ORDER BY DESC(?countryCount)
```

This query will now include both subclasses and instances as requested, and return the IRIs of the languages, with labels as optional.

Final answer:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official languages of countries that use a writing system which is either a subclass of the Latin script or an instance of a Latin-script alphabet. It includes the IRIs of the languages, counts the number of countries for each language, and orders the results by count in descending order. Labels are included optionally, as requested. The query structure is sound, and the answer matches the user's requirements. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?dob ?pob ?dod ?pod WHERE {
  VALUES ?year {
    1833 1834 1838 1839 1841 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1855 1856 1857 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1874 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1882
  }
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P569 ?dob .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P19 ?pob .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P570 ?dod .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person wdt:P20 ?pod .
  }
  {
    ?person wdt:P19 wd:Q717 .
    FILTER ( BOUND( ?dob ) && YEAR( ?dob ) = ?year )
  } UNION {
    ?person wdt:P20 wd:Q717 .
    FILTER ( BOUND( ?dod ) && YEAR( ?dod ) = ?year )
  } UNION {
    ?person wdt:P27 wd:Q717 .
    ?person wdt:P569 ?cdob .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?person wdt:P570 ?cdod .
    }
    FILTER ( YEAR( ?cdob ) <= ?year && ( ! BOUND( ?cdod ) || YEAR( ?cdod ) >= ?year ) )
  }
}

SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

This query returns all individuals who (1) were born in Venezuela in any of the specified years, (2) died in Venezuela in any of the specified years, or (3) were citizens of Venezuela and alive during any of the specified years. For each, it includes (if available) their date of birth, place of birth, date of death, and place of death, all as IRIs.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Who are the individuals who were born in Venezuela, died in Venezuela, or had Venezuelan citizenship in the years 1833, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1843, 1844-47, 1849-53, 1855-57, 1865-72, 1874, 1876-80, or 1882? Include their dates of birth, places of birth, dates of death, and places of death (all only if available).

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need individuals who meet at least one of these criteria:
   - Born in Venezuela
   - Died in Venezuela
   - Had Venezuelan citizenship

2. The individuals must be associated with specific years:
   - 1833, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1843, 1844-47, 1849-53, 1855-57, 1865-72, 1874, 1876-80, 1882
   - The association can be via date of birth, date of death, or citizenship period (if available).

3. For each individual, we want (if available):
   - Date of birth
   - Place of birth
   - Date of death
   - Place of death

Step 1: Find the Wikidata entity for Venezuela.
Step 2: Find the properties for place of birth, place of death, and citizenship.
Step 3: Find the properties for date of birth and date of death.
Step 4: Construct a query that finds individuals matching the above criteria, and restricts the relevant dates to the specified years.

Let's proceed step by step.

First, search for the entity "Venezuela".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Venezuela, also known as BR Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (wd:Q717): sovereign state in northern South America
2. United States of Venezuela, also known as Venezuela (wd:Q5848651): republic from 1864 to 19576
3. Venezuela (wd:Q8875751): metro station in Buenos Aires
4. Venezuela (wd:Q12060549): song
5. Venezuela, also known as Venezuela Subbarrio, Venezuela, Río Piedras, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, San Juan (wd:Q7919777): subbarrio in Pueblo, San Juan, Puerto Rico
6. INDEPABIS, also known as venezuela (wd:Q5972222): Venezuela's consumer protection agency
7. Venezuela, also known as 24708835jesus chaguan (wd:Q104149732): Anaco
8. Venezuela (wd:Q20600295)
9. Venezuela (wd:Q14513308): genus of arachnids
10. Venezuela (wd:Q37121577): family name

[Assistant]
The main entity for Venezuela as a country is wd:Q717.

Next, let's identify the properties for:
- Place of birth
- Place of death
- Citizenship
- Date of birth
- Date of death

I'll search for each property to confirm their IDs.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
5. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
6. category for people born here, also known as category for place of birth, category of people born here (wd:P1464 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): category item that groups people born in this place, related category
7. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
8. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
9. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
10. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
3. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
4. category for people who died here, also known as category for place of death, category of people who died here (wd:P1465 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): category item for people who died in this location, related category
5. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
6. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
7. category for people buried here, also known as buried here: Wikimedia category for, category of people buried here, category for place of burial, category for burials (wd:P1791 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): Wikimedia category for people with a burial site within this area, related category
8. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
9. date of burial or cremation, also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date (wd:P4602 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death, point in time
10. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
6. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
7. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
8. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
9. website username or ID, also known as user name, website username, website ID, username in social media, username (wd:P554 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): username or identifier on a website that the person or movement ... account on, for use as qualifier of "website account on" (P553)
10. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
2. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. date of burial or cremation, also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date (wd:P4602 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death, point in time
5. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
6. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
7. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
8. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
9. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
10. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time

[Assistant]
We have confirmed the following property/entity IDs:
- Venezuela: wd:Q717
- Place of birth: wdt:P19
- Place of death: wdt:P20
- Country of citizenship: wdt:P27
- Date of birth: wdt:P569
- Date of death: wdt:P570

Now, let's clarify the years:
- 1833, 1834, 1838, 1839, 1841, 1843, 1844, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1849, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1874, 1876, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1882

We need to match individuals where:
- Date of birth is in one of those years, OR
- Date of death is in one of those years, OR
- (If available) Citizenship period includes one of those years (but Wikidata usually doesn't have citizenship periods, so we'll match anyone with Venezuelan citizenship).

Additionally, for each individual, at least one of these must be true:
- Place of birth is Venezuela
- Place of death is Venezuela
- Country of citizenship is Venezuela

We also want to return (if available): date of birth, place of birth, date of death, place of death.

Let's construct a query that:
- Finds ?person where at least one of:
  - ?person wdt:P19 wd:Q717
  - ?person wdt:P20 wd:Q717
  - ?person wdt:P27 wd:Q717
- AND at least one of:
  - YEAR(?dob) in {years}
  - YEAR(?dod) in {years}

Let's start by writing the SPARQL query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 3.3 GB, but only 2.9 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
The query failed due to memory constraints, likely because the union and optional patterns over a large dataset are too expensive.

To reduce memory usage, I will:
- Restrict the query to only people (instances of human, wd:Q5).
- Avoid using too many OPTIONALs at the start.
- First, check how many people match the main criteria (born/died/citizen in Venezuela) and have a birth or death year in the target years, then expand to include more details.

Let's try a simpler query to get just the people IRIs first, then add more details step by step.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                      |
| ------------------------------------------- |
| Samuel Snow (wd:Q101821985)                 |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)          |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)            |
| Telmo Romero (wd:Q109676767)                |
| Federico Brandt (wd:Q110175653)             |
| ...                                         |
| Juan Vicente Gómez (wd:Q317990)             |
| Juan Manuel Cajigal y Odoardo (wd:Q3187714) |
| Agustín Armario (wd:Q3238462)               |
| Mariano Montilla (wd:Q3291386)              |
| Andrés Mata (wd:Q329735)                    |

[Assistant]
The simplified query successfully returned individuals who are human (wd:Q5), were born in, died in, or had citizenship of Venezuela (wd:Q717), and whose date of birth or death matches the specified years.

Now, I will expand the query to include, if available:
- Date of birth (wdt:P569)
- Place of birth (wdt:P19)
- Date of death (wdt:P570)
- Place of death (wdt:P20)

I'll use OPTIONAL for these fields to avoid missing results due to missing data.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                      | dob                                 | pob                         | dod                                 | pod                     |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Samuel Snow (wd:Q101821985)                 | 1880-04-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | British Guiana (wd:Q918126) | 1931-09-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)     |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)          | 1874-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Coro (wd:Q1134454)          | 1958-08-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)            | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)         | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Telmo Romero (wd:Q109676767)                | 1846-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Táchira (wd:Q41144)         | 1887-08-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Federico Brandt (wd:Q110175653)             | 1879-04-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                             | 1932-07-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                         |
| ...                                         | ...                                 | ...                         | ...                                 | ...                     |
| José Eustaquio Machado (wd:Q29575752)       | 1868-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)          | 1933-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Francisco Tosta García (wd:Q30246892)       | 1846-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Charallave (wd:Q163464)     | 1921-11-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Eduardo López Rivas (wd:Q3048350)           | 1850-09-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Maracaibo (wd:Q171632)      | 1913-07-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Maracaibo (wd:Q171632)  |
| Francisco Antonio Granadillo (wd:Q30576368) | 1878-03-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q8818)         | 1927-01-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Valencia (wd:Q8818)     |
| Rufino Blanco Fombona (wd:Q3082880)         | 1874-06-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)          | 1944-10-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Buenos Aires (wd:Q1486) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct and returns relevant individuals, but it can be refined for greater completeness and accuracy:

1. The current FILTER only includes people whose date of birth or death falls in the specified years, but the question also asks for people who had Venezuelan citizenship in those years, regardless of their birth or death year. The query should include individuals who were citizens of Venezuela in those years, even if their birth and death dates are outside the specified range.

2. The LIMIT 100 may truncate the results. If completeness is important, consider removing or increasing the limit.

3. For places of birth and death, the query currently returns only the IRIs. Optionally, labels could be included in OPTIONAL clauses for easier human interpretation, but this is not required unless requested.

4. The query structure is otherwise sound and follows the rules for returning IRIs and using OPTIONAL for additional information.

Suggested refinement: Adjust the citizenship logic to include people who were citizens in the specified years, not just those born or died in those years.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Here’s how I’ll refine the query:

1. I’ll adjust the logic so that individuals are included if:
   - They were born in Venezuela in a target year, OR
   - They died in Venezuela in a target year, OR
   - They were citizens of Venezuela in any of the target years (regardless of birth/death year).

2. For citizenship, since Wikidata rarely has explicit start/end dates for citizenship, I’ll include anyone who was a citizen of Venezuela and whose lifespan (birth to death, or birth to present if alive) overlaps with any of the target years. This means:
   - If a person was born on or before a target year and died after or in that year (or is still alive), they are considered a citizen in that year.

3. I’ll remove the LIMIT for completeness.

Let’s proceed step by step:

First, I’ll construct the logic for citizenship overlap:
- ?person wdt:P27 wd:Q717
- ?person wdt:P569 ?dob
- OPTIONAL { ?person wdt:P570 ?dod }
- For each target year, include if ?dob <= target year AND (no ?dod OR ?dod >= target year)

I’ll combine this with the previous logic for birth and death in Venezuela in the target years.

Let’s write the refined SPARQL query.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
The refined query timed out, likely due to the complexity of the FILTERs and the size of the dataset. To address this, I will break the query into smaller parts and use subqueries to reduce the workload.

Here's my plan:
- Use subqueries to preselect people who are citizens of Venezuela, and whose lifespan overlaps with any target year.
- UNION with people born in Venezuela in a target year.
- UNION with people who died in Venezuela in a target year.
- Gather all relevant people, then retrieve their birth/death dates and places.

I'll start by testing the subquery for Venezuelan citizens whose lifespan overlaps with any target year.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)           |
| Carlos Brandt (wd:Q1042762)                  |
| Cayetano Carreño (wd:Q1051968)               |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)             |
| Andrés Torrellas (wd:Q109425756)             |
| ...                                          |
| José Félix Blanco (wd:Q24879038)             |
| Blas Bruzual (wd:Q24879041)                  |
| Nicola Rolando (wd:Q24935891)                |
| Pedro José Ramón Gual Escandón (wd:Q2497205) |
| José María Carreño (wd:Q2497517)             |

[Assistant]
The subquery for Venezuelan citizens whose lifespan overlaps with any of the target years works and returns relevant individuals.

Now, I will combine this with the logic for people born in Venezuela in a target year and people who died in Venezuela in a target year, using UNIONs. I will then retrieve their birth/death dates and places with OPTIONALs.

To avoid timeouts, I will not use LIMIT, but if the query fails, I will add a moderate LIMIT for demonstration.

Here is the refined SPARQL query:

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Waited for a result from another thread which then failed

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
The query continues to time out, even with a moderate LIMIT. This is likely due to the complexity of the UNIONs and FILTERs over a large dataset.

To further reduce complexity and increase the chance of success, I will:
- Separate the three cases (born in Venezuela in target year, died in Venezuela in target year, citizen in target year) into three subqueries, then UNION their results.
- Retrieve the details for each person after combining the results.

Let's try with just the "citizen in target year" case first, as this is the most complex and was missing from the original query. If successful, I will add the other cases.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                             | dob                                 | pob                                | dod                                 | pod                     |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Pedro Manuel Arcaya (wd:Q10347589)                 | 1874-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Coro (wd:Q1134454)                 | 1958-08-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Carlos Brandt (wd:Q1042762)                        | 1875-10-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Miranda (wd:Q1938002)              | 1964-02-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Cayetano Carreño (wd:Q1051968)                     | 1774-08-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)                 | 1836-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Antonia Esteller (wd:Q108764054)                   | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Venezuela (wd:Q717)                | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Andrés Torrellas (wd:Q109425756)                   | 1785-11-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                    | 1864-12-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Barquisimeto (wd:Q4709) |
| ...                                                | ...                                 | ...                                | ...                                 | ...                     |
| Teresa Carreño (wd:Q241494)                        | 1853-12-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)                 | 1917-06-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | New York City (wd:Q60)  |
| Alejandro Urbaneja (wd:Q24287692)                  | 1859-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)                 | 1944-04-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |
| Francisco Linares Alcántara Estévez (wd:Q24287698) | 1876-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                    | 1958-04-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                         |
| Blessed Candlemas of San José (wd:Q2468412)        | 1863-08-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Altagracia de Orituco (wd:Q433758) | 1940-01-31T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Cumaná (wd:Q319476)     |
| Andrés Narvarte (wd:Q2487449)                      | 1781-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | La Guaira (wd:Q873405)             | 1853-03-31T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Caracas (wd:Q1533)      |

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Waited for a result from another thread which then failed

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The current query only covers individuals who had Venezuelan citizenship and whose lifespan overlapped with the specified years. However, the user's question also asks for individuals who were born in Venezuela or died in Venezuela in those years, regardless of citizenship. The query should be refined to include a UNION with two additional cases: (1) people born in Venezuela in any of the specified years, and (2) people who died in Venezuela in any of the specified years. This will ensure that all three requested groups are included in the results. Additionally, the query should ensure that the IRIs of items are always returned, and labels are only included optionally. Please refine the query accordingly.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the clear feedback. Here’s how I will refine the query:

- I will use a UNION of three subqueries:
  1. Individuals born in Venezuela in any of the specified years (regardless of citizenship).
  2. Individuals who died in Venezuela in any of the specified years (regardless of citizenship).
  3. Individuals who were citizens of Venezuela and whose lifespan overlaps with any of the specified years (regardless of place of birth or death).

- For each, I will return the IRIs for the person, date of birth, place of birth, date of death, and place of death (all as IRIs if available).

- I will not include labels unless requested.

Here is the refined SPARQL query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process