PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT ?country ?capital ?currency ?population ?flag ?cap_determination_method WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3024240
  }
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q28171280
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P36 ?capital .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P38 ?currency .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P1082 ?population .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P41 ?flag .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country p:P36 ?capitalStatement .
    ?capitalStatement ps:P36 ?capital .
    ?capitalStatement pq:P459 ?cap_determination_method .
    FILTER ( ?cap_determination_method IN ( wd:Q129267212 , wd:Q105742469 , wd:Q105742499 , wd:Q129319315 , wd:Q918002 ) )
  }
}
LIMIT 30

Got 30 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                  | capital                 | currency                               | population             | flag                                                                                | cap_determination_method |
| ------------------------ | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         | Libreville (wd:Q3825)   | Central African CFA franc (wd:Q847739) | 2025137 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Gabon.svg>                  |                          |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    | Banjul (wd:Q3726)       | dalasi (wd:Q202885)                    | 2639916 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20The%20Gambia.svg>           |                          |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        | Conakry (wd:Q3733)      | Guinean franc (wd:Q213311)             | 12717176 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Guinea.svg>                 |                          |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) | Bissau (wd:Q3739)       | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | 1861283 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Guinea-Bissau.svg>          |                          |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   | Yamoussoukro (wd:Q3768) | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | 31165654 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20C%C3%B4te%20d%27Ivoire.svg> |                          |
| ...                      | ...                     | ...                                    | ...                    | ...                                                                                | ...                      |
| Senegal (wd:Q1041)       | Dakar (wd:Q3718)        | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | 16876720 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Senegal.svg>                |                          |
| Seychelles (wd:Q1042)    | Victoria (wd:Q3940)     | Seychellois rupee (wd:Q4595)           | 119773 (xsd:decimal)   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Seychelles.svg>             |                          |
| Sierra Leone (wd:Q1044)  | Freetown (wd:Q3780)     | leone (wd:Q4587)                       | 7557212 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Sierra%20Leone.svg>         |                          |
| Somalia (wd:Q1045)       | Mogadishu (wd:Q2449)    | Somali shilling (wd:Q4603)             | 11031386 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Somalia.svg>                |                          |
| Sudan (wd:Q1049)         | Khartoum (wd:Q1963)     | Sudanese pound (wd:Q271206)            | 40533330 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Sudan.svg>                  |                          |

This query returns up to 30 current sovereign states (excluding historical and ancient ones), with their capitals, currencies, populations, flag images, and, if available, the determination method of their capital, all as IRIs only. This should work within the memory constraints of the endpoint.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which countries are sovereign states, along with their capitals, currencies, populations, flag images, and the determination methods of their capitals, if available? Exclude historical countries and ancient civilizations.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find all current sovereign states (countries).
2. For each, we need:
   - Capital city
   - Currency
   - Population
   - Flag image
   - Determination method of the capital (if available)
3. Exclude historical countries and ancient civilizations.

Step 1: Identify the entity for "sovereign state" and how to filter out historical/ancient entities.
Step 2: Find properties for capital, currency, population, flag image, and determination method of capital.
Step 3: Build the SPARQL query.

Let's start by searching for the entity for "sovereign state".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
2. country, also known as host country, state, sovereign state, land (wd:P17): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings)
3. sovereign state (wd:L642577-S2)
4. Westphalian sovereignty, also known as state sovereignty, Westphalian system (wd:Q442402): concept of the sovereignty of nation-states in Europe
5. state sovereignty, also known as national sovereignty (wd:Q56350990)
6. The Sovereign State (wd:Q7765603): book by Anthony Sampson
7. China (sovereign state) (wd:L1012856-S1)
8. state (sovereign polity) (wd:L1216603-S1)
9. state (sovereign polity) (wd:L1220881-S1)
10. State Sovereignty Day (wd:Q130322685): Day commemorated in honor of the restoration of the sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan following the Anti-Terror Operation

[Assistant]
The main Wikidata entity for "sovereign state" is wd:Q3624078. This is what we should use to identify current countries.

Next, we need to ensure we exclude historical countries and ancient civilizations. Typically, Wikidata uses properties like "instance of" (P31) and "country status" (P782) to distinguish current from historical entities. Let's check which properties are commonly used for this.

Now, let's search for properties related to "capital", "currency", "population", "flag image", and "determination method of capital".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
2. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
3. capital cost, also known as budget, cost, unit cost (wd:P2130 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): amount of money spent on building or producing an object
4. authorised capital, also known as authorized capital (wd:P12651 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised to issue to shareholders
5. number of matches played/races/starts, also known as gp, starts, races, number of games played, mp (wd:P1350 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): matches or games a player or a team played during an event. Also...matches a player officially appeared in during the whole career.
6. uses capitalization for, also known as capitalises, capitalizes, uses capitalisation for (wd:P6106 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): lexical classes and subclasses of words as well as other uses in the language where the first letter is written as a capital letter
7. market capitalization, also known as market cap, market capitalisation (wd:P2226 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): total value of issued shares by a publicly traded company
8. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
9. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
10. nominal share capital (wd:P8247 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): total of the nominal values of the issued ordinary and preference shares of the entity

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): currency used by item, uses
2. ISO 4217 code, also known as currency code, ISO 4217, ISO 4217 alphabetic code, ISO currency code (wd:P498 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a currency per ISO 4217
3. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
4. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): amount in a specific currency
5. cash (wd:P2232 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the value of cash and securities held by a state government
6. currency symbol description (wd:P489 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): item with description of currency symbol, notation
7. face value, also known as coin value, numeric value of coin, value of coin (wd:P3934 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): value printed on a coin, stamp or banknote by the issuing authority
8. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
9. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
10. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. flag image, also known as image flag, image of flag (wd:P41 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): image of the item's flag, image, flag
2. symbol of, also known as emblem of, flag of, logo of, seal of, symbolises (wd:P8058 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): item of which the image is a symbol
3. flag, also known as flag description (wd:P163 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): subject's flag
4. country of registry, also known as ship's flag, flag state, flag of convenience (wd:P8047 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country where a ship is or has been registered, country
5. flag bearer (wd:P3022 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): person who carries the national flag of their country at an opening or closing ceremony
6. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
7. seal image, also known as emblem, emblem image, seal (wd:P158 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): image of subject's seal (emblem), image
8. electoral symbol, also known as election symbol, political symbol (wd:P12650 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): symbol allocated to a political party or candidate for use on ballots
9. image of function, also known as function range, image, range, function image (wd:P2396 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): set of values that a mathematical function actually takes
10. spherical panorama image, also known as 360-degree panorama image, photosphere panoramic image, photosphere panorama, photosphere image, panorama view 360x180 degrees (wd:P4640 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): image with the field of view 360×180 degrees oyiyi na ubi anya 360×180 degrees, panoramic view

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
2. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
3. determination method or standard, also known as rationale, standard, methodology, method of determination, measured by (wd:P459 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): how a value is determined, or the standard by which it is declared
4. capital cost, also known as budget, cost, unit cost (wd:P2130 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): amount of money spent on building or producing an object
5. authorised capital, also known as authorized capital (wd:P12651 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): maximum amount of share capital that the company is authorised to issue to shareholders
6. test method, also known as estimation method, method, methodology (wd:P4988 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): method in science, engineering or medicine, which determines the...quantity, qualitative property or any other measurable attribute
7. identifies, also known as uniquely determines, is unique key for, is primary key for, is identifier of, identifier of (wd:P10476 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): this item uniquely and purposefully distinguishes instances of this class from each other
8. calculated from, also known as computed from (wd:P4934 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): value of the subject item cannot be measured directly or can be calculated from the following measurands or attributes
9. market capitalization, also known as market cap, market capitalisation (wd:P2226 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): total value of issued shares by a publicly traded company
10. construction point, also known as calculation line, calculation point, critical point, K-point, K-spot (wd:P8620 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): a reference point on a ski jumping hill

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. nature of statement, also known as validity of statement, status of statement, refine statement, precisely, modality of statement (wd:P5102 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): (qualifier only) the underlying circumstances of this statement
2. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. heritage designation, also known as legal protection, protection, protected status, listing, listed status (wd:P1435 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): heritage designation of a cultural or natural site, has part(s), instance of
5. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
6. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
7. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
8. FAO risk status, also known as FAO status (wd:P2371 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): UN Food and Agriculture Organization designation of status for a domesticated breed
9. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
10. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Wikidata property example, also known as e.g., Wikidata property sample, property sample, property example, for example (wd:P1855 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): example where this Wikidata property is used; target item is one...ualifier the property being described given the associated value
3. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
4. subproperty of, also known as subclass of property, superproperty, subPropertyOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf, parent property (wd:P1647 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): all resources related by this property are also related by that property, related property
5. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
6. model item, also known as specimen, sample, featured item, example item, best example (wd:P5869 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): defines which item is a best practice example of modelling a sub...lue of this property, usage instructions at Wikidata:Model items
7. permanent duplicated item, also known as same concept as, same as, duplicate of, permanently duplicated item, duplicate of item (wd:P2959 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): this item duplicates another item and the two can't be merged, a... cdowiki, gomwiki, nanwiki).  Use P31=Q17362920 for other wikis.
8. exemplar of, also known as contains work, includes work, contents (wd:P1574 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): Links an individual copy of a work to the item for that work or edition, instance of
9. usage example, also known as sentence, use in a sentence, example sentence (wd:P5831 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): example of how a lexeme (sense) might be used
10. fictional or mythical analog of, also known as fictionalisation of, mythical analog of, fictional version of, fictionalization of, fictional analog of (wd:P1074 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): used to link an entity or class of entities appearing in a creat...with the analogous entity or class of entities in the real world, inspired by

[Tool]
Falling back to an unconstrained search on the full precomputed search indices:
Got more than the maximum supported number of object candidates (65,536)

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Falling back to an unconstrained search on the full precomputed search indices:
Got more than the maximum supported number of object candidates (65,536)

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. ancient civilization, also known as ancient civilisation, lost civilisation, lost civilization (wd:Q28171280): civilization existing in ancient days
2. Ancient Rome, also known as ancient Roman civilization, ancient Roman culture, Roman antiquity, Roman civilization, Roman culture (wd:Q1747689): country that began growing on the Italian Peninsula from the 8th century BC
3. super ancient civilization (wd:Q69012724)
4. Ancient Shu civilization (wd:Q10913560)
5. Ancient Maya Civilization (wd:Q113025958): scientific article published in June 1983
6. Ancient Mesoamerican Civilization (wd:Q47802682): scientific article
7. ancient Semitic civilization (wd:L475814-S1)
8. Ancient civilization goes online (wd:Q128189392): scholarly article
9. Ancient Civilization and Trade (wd:Q59232291)
10. Maya civilization site, also known as ancient site of Maya Civilization, Maya site, Mayan site, Mayan Civilization archeological site, Mayan Civilization archaeological site (wd:Q30504597): archaeological site or ruin of the Maya civilization

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Falling back to an unconstrained search on the full precomputed search indices:
Got more than the maximum supported number of object candidates (65,536)

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. historical country, also known as country or state that doesn't exist, country or state that no longer exists, defunct state, former country, former state (wd:Q3024240): country, state or territory that once existed
2. Historical country (wd:L231802-S2)
3. Buffalo Country Historical Marker (wd:Q49476134): park in Valley County, Montana, United States of America
4. Buffalo Country Historical Marker (wd:Q49476133): park in Big Horn County, Montana, United States of America
5. Butte Country Historical Marker (wd:Q34844338): park in the United States of America
6. Comanche Country Historical Marker (wd:Q49479445): park in Quay County, New Mexico, United States of America
7. Copper Country Historical Marker (wd:Q34857271): park in the United States of America
8. Cow Country Historical Marker (wd:Q49480693): park in Musselshell County, Montana, United States of America
9. Indian Country Historical Marker (wd:Q49504757): park in Garfield County, Montana, United States of America
10. Mining Country Historical Marker (wd:Q49526918): park in Jefferson County, Montana, United States of America

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| country                  |
| ------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)      |
| Cape Verde (wd:Q1011)    |
| Lesotho (wd:Q1013)       |
| Liberia (wd:Q1014)       |
| Libya (wd:Q1016)         |

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 1 column:
| country                  |
| ------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)      |
| Cape Verde (wd:Q1011)    |
| Lesotho (wd:Q1013)       |
| Liberia (wd:Q1014)       |
| Libya (wd:Q1016)         |

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Tried to allocate 1.6 GB, but only 1.4 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Assistant]
The previous query failed due to memory limits, likely because it tried to retrieve too many optional fields for all countries at once. To address this, I'll reduce the number of OPTIONAL clauses and the result limit, and focus on the core fields first (country, capital, currency, population, flag image). Once that works, I'll add the determination method for the capital.

Let's try a simpler query for the first 20 sovereign states, with their capitals, currencies, populations, and flag images.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                  | capital                 | currency                               | population             | flag                                                                                |
| ------------------------ | ----------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         | Libreville (wd:Q3825)   | Central African CFA franc (wd:Q847739) | 2025137 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Gabon.svg>                  |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    | Banjul (wd:Q3726)       | dalasi (wd:Q202885)                    | 2639916 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20The%20Gambia.svg>           |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        | Conakry (wd:Q3733)      | Guinean franc (wd:Q213311)             | 12717176 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Guinea.svg>                 |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) | Bissau (wd:Q3739)       | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | 1861283 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Guinea-Bissau.svg>          |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   | Yamoussoukro (wd:Q3768) | West African CFA franc (wd:Q861690)    | 31165654 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20C%C3%B4te%20d%27Ivoire.svg> |
| ...                      | ...                     | ...                                    | ...                    | ...                                                                                |
| Morocco (wd:Q1028)       | Rabat (wd:Q3551)        | Moroccan dirham (wd:Q200192)           | 36828330 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Morocco.svg>                |
| Morocco (wd:Q1028)       | Rabat (wd:Q3551)        | Moroccan dirham (wd:Q200192)           | 37076584 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Morocco.svg>                |
| Mozambique (wd:Q1029)    | Maputo (wd:Q3889)       | Mozambican metical (wd:Q200753)        | 29668834 (xsd:decimal) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Mozambique.svg>             |
| Namibia (wd:Q1030)       | Windhoek (wd:Q3935)     | rand (wd:Q181907)                      | 2533794 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Namibia.svg>                |
| Namibia (wd:Q1030)       | Windhoek (wd:Q3935)     | Namibian dollar (wd:Q202462)           | 2533794 (xsd:decimal)  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Namibia.svg>                |

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                  | capital | cap_determination_method |
| ------------------------ | ------- | ------------------------ |
| Gabon (wd:Q1000)         |         |                          |
| The Gambia (wd:Q1005)    |         |                          |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)        |         |                          |
| Guinea-Bissau (wd:Q1007) |         |                          |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008)   |         |                          |
| ...                      | ...     | ...                      |
| Mozambique (wd:Q1029)    |         |                          |
| Namibia (wd:Q1030)       |         |                          |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)         |         |                          |
| Nigeria (wd:Q1033)       |         |                          |
| Uganda (wd:Q1036)        |         |                          |

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                | capital                               | cap_determination_method      |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Eswatini (wd:Q1050)    | Mbabane (wd:Q3904)                    | wd:Q132555                    |
| Eswatini (wd:Q1050)    | Lobamba (wd:Q101418)                  | wd:Q712144                    |
| Palestine (wd:Q219060) | Jerusalem (wd:Q1218)                  | wd:Q132555                    |
| Palestine (wd:Q219060) | Ramallah (wd:Q158119)                 | wd:Q712144                    |
| Azerbaijan (wd:Q227)   | Shusha (wd:Q158903)                   | cultural capital (wd:Q918002) |
| ...                    | ...                                   | ...                           |
| Bolivia (wd:Q750)      | Sucre (wd:Q2907)                      | wd:Q132555                    |
| Yemen (wd:Q805)        | Sanaa (wd:Q2471)                      | wd:Q132555                    |
| Yemen (wd:Q805)        | Aden (wd:Q131694)                     | wd:Q712144                    |
| Sri Lanka (wd:Q854)    | Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (wd:Q41963) | wd:Q132555                    |
| Sri Lanka (wd:Q854)    | Colombo (wd:Q35381)                   | wd:Q712144                    |

[Tool] No entity items found

[Tool] No entity items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. cultural capital (wd:Q918002): concept
2. cultural capital (wd:Q918002): concept
3. Cultural capital (wd:Q104011681): encyclopedia article
4. CIS Cultural Capital (wd:Q19387530)
5. Accelerating cultural capital (wd:Q130884000): scientific article published on 21 August 2014
6. Kohima Capital Cultural Center (wd:Q109974460): cultural center in Kohima, Nagaland
7. CULTURAL CAPITAL IN AUSTRALIA (wd:Q126257943): scholarly article
8. Antwerp '93, also known as Cultural Capital of Antwerp, Antwerp 1993 (wd:Q95000091): Cultural Capital of Antwerp
9. Streams of Cultural Capital (wd:Q124456462): journal article from 'Anthropologica' published in 2000
10. The cultural capital of Belarus (wd:Q13031166)

[Tool] No entity items found

[Tool] No entity items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. de jure national capital, also known as de jure capital (nation), legislative capital (nation), official national capital (wd:Q129319315): type of capital city which is officially recognised thorugh national law
2. national capital, also known as state capital (country), official national capital city, national capital city, country capital, official national capital (wd:Q108178728): capital of a sovereign state
3. Capital University Official Bookstore (wd:Q99473936): bookshop in Columbus, OH, United States of America
4. Capital University Law School Official Bookstore (wd:Q99473935): bookshop in Columbus, OH, United States of America
5. Capital financing: sample official statement (cover pages) (wd:Q67412254): scientific article published on 01 January 1978
6. capital city, also known as capital (wd:Q5119): primary governing city of a top-level (country) or first-level a...vision (country, state, province, regency, etc) political entity
7. capital (wd:Q8137): assets used for the production of goods and services
8. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, also known as Capital, Das Kapital (wd:Q58784): foundational theoretical text of Karl Marx
9. capital (wd:Q193893): upper part of a column (architecture)
10. civil servant, also known as government official, official, public servant (wd:Q212238): person employed by a government department or agency

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. administrative capital, also known as admin capital, administrative capital city (wd:Q129267212): type of national capital for administrative purpose
2. capital, also known as administrative centre, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
3. New Administrative Capital (wd:Q19588497): city in Egypt
4. Administrative Capital Library, also known as Capital Library (wd:Q109629752): library in New Administrative Capital of Egypt, Egypt
5. New Administrative Capital (wd:Q55737404): type of a planned national capital city
6. Misr Stadium, also known as Egypt Stadium, New Administrative Capital Stadium, Sports City Stadium (wd:Q110888393): Football Stadium in Egypt
7. New Administrative Capital branch service (wd:Q125123069): train service in Egypt
8. administrative capital of Sri Lanka (wd:L1409419-S1)
9. administrative capital of Sri Lanka (wd:L454011-S1)
10. 2004 Korean Administrative Capital Relocation Plan (wd:Q624032): plan to move the capital from Seoul to Sejong

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. legislative capital (wd:Q105742469): city from where the legislations are performed
2. de jure national capital, also known as de jure capital (nation), legislative capital (nation), official national capital (wd:Q129319315): type of capital city which is officially recognised thorugh national law
3. Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly (wd:Q494915): unicameral legislature of the Australian Capital Territory
4. Capital Briefing: State Legislative Update (wd:Q129642298): scholarly article published on 18 June 2018
5. Australian Capital Territory Legislative Summary (wd:Q128439819): scholarly article
6. Legislative Assembly Building, Australian Capital Territory (wd:Q6518198): parliament building in Australian Capital Territory, Australia
7. Individual Capital Gains Income: Legislative History (wd:Q59648120): Congressional Research Service report
8. Legislative Critics of Company Capital System (wd:Q120018411): scientific article published in 2006
9. Legislative Change in the Australian Capital Territory (wd:Q128843966): scholarly article
10. capital city, also known as capital (wd:Q5119): primary governing city of a top-level (country) or first-level a...vision (country, state, province, regency, etc) political entity

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. judicial capital (wd:Q105742499): city from where the judiciaries are performed
2. judicial capital of South Africa (wd:L453991-S1)
3. capital city, also known as capital (wd:Q5119): primary governing city of a top-level (country) or first-level a...vision (country, state, province, regency, etc) political entity
4. capital (wd:Q8137): assets used for the production of goods and services
5. Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, also known as Capital, Das Kapital (wd:Q58784): foundational theoretical text of Karl Marx
6. capital (wd:Q193893): upper part of a column (architecture)
7. uppercase letter, also known as capital, capital letter, caps, large letter, majuscule (wd:Q98912): type of letter in some alphabets used for particular purposes
8. Capital Governorate, also known as Al Asimah Governorate, al Kuwait, al-Kuwayt, Al Kuwayt, Capital (wd:Q1046645): governorate of Kuwait
9. financial capital, also known as equity, capital, borrowed capital (wd:Q1897397): money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or provide their services
10. Capital International Airport, also known as Katameya International Airport, Wudyan International Airport, HECP, CCE, Capital (wd:Q28716933): airport in Egypt

[Assistant]
We have now identified the following relevant entities for capital determination methods:
- administrative capital (wd:Q129267212)
- legislative capital (wd:Q105742469)
- judicial capital (wd:Q105742499)
- de jure national capital (wd:Q129319315)
- cultural capital (wd:Q918002)

The codes Q132555 and Q712144 from the previous results do not resolve to entities, so they might be deprecated or internal.

Now, let's construct a final query that:
- Returns sovereign states (not historical or ancient)
- For each, gives: capital, currency, population, flag image
- For each capital, if available, gives the determination method (as one of the above entities)
- Includes English labels for all entities, but only as optional fields

I'll limit the results to 50 for performance.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The SPARQL query is well-structured and follows the requirements, but it fails due to memory limitations on the endpoint. To address this, consider reducing the number of OPTIONAL clauses, splitting the query into smaller parts, or removing less essential properties (such as flag images or determination methods) to reduce memory usage. Alternatively, try paginating the results (using OFFSET and LIMIT) or retrieving only the IRIs without labels to reduce the result size. The query logic itself is correct, but it cannot be executed as is due to resource constraints.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To address the memory issue, I will simplify the query by:

- Removing all OPTIONAL label retrievals (no rdfs:label).
- Keeping only the essential IRIs: country, capital, currency, population, flag image, and capital determination method.
- Limiting the results to 30 for further safety.
- Retaining the capital determination method, but only as an IRI.

This should reduce the memory footprint significantly. Here is the revised query:

```sparql
SELECT ?country ?capital ?currency ?population ?flag ?cap_determination_method WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3024240 } # not historical country
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q28171280 } # not ancient civilization
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P36 ?capital . }
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P38 ?currency . }
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P1082 ?population . }
  OPTIONAL { ?country wdt:P41 ?flag . }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country p:P36 ?capitalStatement .
    ?capitalStatement ps:P36 ?capital .
    ?capitalStatement pq:P459 ?cap_determination_method .
    FILTER(?cap_determination_method IN (wd:Q129267212, wd:Q105742469, wd:Q105742499, wd:Q129319315, wd:Q918002))
  }
}
LIMIT 30
```

This query will return up to 30 current sovereign states (excluding historical and ancient ones), with their capitals, currencies, populations, flag images, and, if available, the determination method of their capital, all as IRIs only.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves current sovereign states (excluding historical and ancient ones) and includes their capitals, currencies, populations, flag images, and, if available, the determination methods of their capitals. The query returns IRIs as required, and all optional information is handled appropriately. The query does not use non-standard SPARQL features and follows the guidelines. The answer is correct and complete for the user's request.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ?flag ?population WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q3024240
  }
  ?country wdt:P1082 ?population .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country wdt:P41 ?flag .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( lang( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?population )

Got 186 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                              | countryLabel                    | flag                                                                                | population               |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) | People's Republic of China (en) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China.svg>    | 1442965000 (xsd:decimal) |
| India (wd:Q668)                      | India (en)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20India.svg>                                       | 1326093247 (xsd:decimal) |
| United States (wd:Q30)               | United States (en)              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20United%20States.svg>                       | 340110988 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Indonesia (wd:Q252)                  | Indonesia (en)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Indonesia.svg>                                   | 275439000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Pakistan (wd:Q843)                   | Pakistan (en)                   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Pakistan.svg>                                    | 223773700 (xsd:decimal)  |
| ...                                  | ...                             | ...                                                                                | ...                      |
| Cook Islands (wd:Q26988)             | Cook Islands (en)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20Cook%20Islands.svg>                        | 14222 (xsd:decimal)      |
| Nauru (wd:Q697)                      | Nauru (en)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Nauru.svg>                                       | 13650 (xsd:decimal)      |
| Tuvalu (wd:Q672)                     | Tuvalu (en)                     | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Tuvalu.svg>                                      | 10643 (xsd:decimal)      |
| Niue (wd:Q34020)                     | Niue (en)                       | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Niue.svg>                                        | 1933 (xsd:decimal)       |
| Vatican City (wd:Q237)               | Vatican City (en)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Vatican%20City%20%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg> | 764 (xsd:decimal)        |

This query returns all current countries (excluding former countries), their English labels, flag images (if available), and populations, ordered by descending population. Only countries with a population value are included.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the countries along with images of their flags and their populations, ordered by descending population?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find all countries.
2. For each country, we need its flag image and population.
3. The results should be ordered by population in descending order.

First, let's identify:
- The entity for "country".
- The property for "flag image".
- The property for "population".

Let's start by searching for the entity "country".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "country" is wd:Q6256 (distinct territorial body or political entity).

Next, let's search for the property for "flag image".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. flag image, also known as image flag, image of flag (wd:P41 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of the item's flag, image, flag
2. symbol of, also known as emblem of, flag of, logo of, seal of, symbolises (wd:P8058 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): item of which the image is a symbol
3. flag, also known as flag description (wd:P163 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): subject's flag
4. country of registry, also known as ship's flag, flag state, flag of convenience (wd:P8047 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): country where a ship is or has been registered, country
5. flag bearer (wd:P3022 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): person who carries the national flag of their country at an opening or closing ceremony
6. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
7. seal image, also known as emblem, emblem image, seal (wd:P158 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image of subject's seal (emblem), image
8. electoral symbol, also known as election symbol, political symbol (wd:P12650 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): symbol allocated to a political party or candidate for use on ballots
9. image of function, also known as function range, image, range, function image (wd:P2396 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): set of values that a mathematical function actually takes
10. spherical panorama image, also known as 360-degree panorama image, photosphere panoramic image, photosphere panorama, photosphere image, panorama view 360x180 degrees (wd:P4640 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): image with the field of view 360×180 degrees oyiyi na ubi anya 360×180 degrees, panoramic view

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "flag image" is wd:P41.

Now, let's search for the property for "population".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. tabular population, also known as population (wd:P4179 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): same as population (P1082); used when there is data for many different points in time
2. population, also known as inhabitants, human population (wd:P1082 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of people inhabiting the place; number of people of subject
3. has census, also known as has human population census (wd:P8701 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): general population census of the country or region
4. urban population (wd:P6343 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its urban parts, population
5. birth rate (wd:P8763 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): the total number of live births per 1,000 population
6. category populated by, also known as category filled by, category has template, cat populated by, component adding into the category, populated by (wd:P4329 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): software component (template, module, extension, MediaWiki core) populating the category
7. rural population (wd:P6344 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of people living within the territorial entity who live in its rural parts, population
8. female population (wd:P1539 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of female people inhabiting the place; number of female people of subject, population
9. male population, also known as male inhabitants, number of males (wd:P1540 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of male people inhabiting the place; number of male people of subject, population
10. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "population" is wd:P1082.

Now, let's put this together:
- Entity: country (wd:Q6256)
- Flag image: wdt:P41
- Population: wdt:P1082

We want to select all countries (instances of wd:Q6256), get their flag image and population, and order by population descending.

Let's write a SPARQL query to do this.

[Tool]
Got 197 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                              | countryLabel                    | flag                                                                                | population               |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) | People's Republic of China (en) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China.svg> | 1442965000 (xsd:decimal) |
| India (wd:Q668)                      | India (en)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20India.svg>                                    | 1326093247 (xsd:decimal) |
| United States (wd:Q30)               | United States (en)              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20United%20States.svg>                    | 340110988 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Indonesia (wd:Q252)                  | Indonesia (en)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Indonesia.svg>                                | 275439000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Pakistan (wd:Q843)                   | Pakistan (en)                   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Pakistan.svg>                                 | 223773700 (xsd:decimal)  |
| ...                                  | ...                             | ...                                                                                | ...                      |
| Persia (wd:Q125422413)               | Persia (en)                     |                                                                                |                          |
| Riviera di San Giulio (wd:Q3937987)  | Riviera di San Giulio (en)      |                                                                                |                          |
| Tarshish (wd:Q44826)                 | Tarshish (en)                   |                                                                                |                          |
| Republic of Haiti (wd:Q97704156)     | Republic of Haiti (en)          |                                                                                |                          |
| Republic of Cuba (wd:Q14905932)      | Republic of Cuba (en)           | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Cuba%20%28sky%20blue%29.svg>                  |                          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct, but there are some issues to refine:

1. The query returns entities that are not current countries (e.g., historical or fictional entities like 'Persia', 'Tarshish', 'Republic of Haiti' with no population or flag). To improve precision, filter for countries that currently exist (e.g., using 'wdt:P31 wd:Q6256' AND NOT deprecated or historical).
2. The query should only return countries that have a population value, since the user asked for countries ordered by population. Entities with no population should be excluded.
3. The flag image and population should remain optional, but the population should be mandatory for ordering and inclusion in the result set.
4. Optionally, you can add labels for human readability, but only as OPTIONAL clauses.

Suggested refinement:
- Add a FILTER to ensure ?population is bound.
- Consider filtering out entities that are subclasses or instances of 'former country' or similar, if possible.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Here’s how I’ll refine the query:

1. Filter out entities that are not current countries. In Wikidata, "former country" is wd:Q3024240, so we can exclude entities that are instances of or subclasses of "former country".
2. Ensure that only countries with a population value are included by adding a FILTER(BOUND(?population)).
3. The flag image remains optional, but population is required for ordering and inclusion.
4. Labels are included optionally for human readability.

First, let's check the property for "instance of" and "subclass of" to ensure correct usage, and confirm the entity for "former country".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. Wikidata property example, also known as e.g., Wikidata property sample, property sample, property example, for example (wd:P1855 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): example where this Wikidata property is used; target item is one...ualifier the property being described given the associated value
3. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
4. subproperty of, also known as subclass of property, superproperty, subPropertyOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf, parent property (wd:P1647 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): all resources related by this property are also related by that property, related property
5. partially coincident with, also known as intersecting with, has overlap with, has common parts with, has common members with, has common instances with (wd:P1382 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): object that partially overlaps with the subject in its instances, parts, or members, different from
6. model item, also known as specimen, sample, featured item, example item, best example (wd:P5869 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): defines which item is a best practice example of modelling a sub...lue of this property, usage instructions at Wikidata:Model items
7. permanent duplicated item, also known as same concept as, same as, duplicate of, permanently duplicated item, duplicate of item (wd:P2959 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): this item duplicates another item and the two can't be merged, a... cdowiki, gomwiki, nanwiki).  Use P31=Q17362920 for other wikis.
8. exemplar of, also known as contains work, includes work, contents (wd:P1574 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): Links an individual copy of a work to the item for that work or edition, instance of
9. usage example, also known as sentence, use in a sentence, example sentence (wd:P5831 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): example of how a lexeme (sense) might be used
10. fictional or mythical analog of, also known as fictionalisation of, mythical analog of, fictional version of, fictionalization of, fictional analog of (wd:P1074 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): used to link an entity or class of entities appearing in a creat...with the analogous entity or class of entities in the real world, inspired by

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
2. is metaclass for, also known as instances are a subclass of, instances are subclasses of, instances are subclass of, is a metaclass for, is a metaclass of (wd:P8225 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): all instances of the subject are subclasses of the object
3. subproperty of, also known as subclass of property, superproperty, subPropertyOf, rdfs:subPropertyOf, parent property (wd:P1647 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): all resources related by this property are also related by that property, related property
4. facet of, also known as subitem of, topic of, subtopic of, subject in, section in (wd:P1269 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): topic of which this item is an aspect; item that offers a broader perspective on the same topic
5. narrower external class, also known as external subclass (wd:P3950 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): more specific subclass included in other ontology but not in Wikidata
6. metasubclass of, also known as metaclass of (wd:P2445 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): relation between two metaclasses: instances of this metaclass ar...subclasses of classes that are instances of the target metaclass
7. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
8. equivalent in higher rank taxon, also known as term in larger group, closest concept in higher taxon, term in higher taxon, term in higher-order taxon, subclass of higher-taxon concept (wd:P10019 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): an equivalent class that is species-neutral or scoped to higher ranking taxa, subclass of
9. equivalent class, also known as schema.org type, same kind of thing, same grouping, same class, external class (wd:P1709 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): equivalent class in other ontologies (use property URI), exact match, URL
10. part of the series, also known as series, video game series, subseries, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as pqv/psn/psv/p/prn/prv/ps/wdtn/pq/pqn/pr/wdt): series which contains the subject, part of

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. historical country, also known as country or state that doesn't exist, country or state that no longer exists, defunct state, former country, former state (wd:Q3024240): country, state or territory that once existed
2. former country (wd:L254112-S1)
3. former country (wd:L254148-S1)
4. former country (wd:L254446-S1)
5. former country (wd:L254453-S1)
6. former country (wd:L254465-S1)
7. former country (wd:L254480-S1)
8. former country (wd:L254519-S1)
9. former country (wd:L519637-S1)
10. former country (wd:L22280-S1)

[Tool]
Got 186 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                              | countryLabel                    | flag                                                                                | population               |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) | People's Republic of China (en) | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China.svg>    | 1442965000 (xsd:decimal) |
| India (wd:Q668)                      | India (en)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20India.svg>                                       | 1326093247 (xsd:decimal) |
| United States (wd:Q30)               | United States (en)              | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20United%20States.svg>                       | 340110988 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Indonesia (wd:Q252)                  | Indonesia (en)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Indonesia.svg>                                   | 275439000 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Pakistan (wd:Q843)                   | Pakistan (en)                   | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Pakistan.svg>                                    | 223773700 (xsd:decimal)  |
| ...                                  | ...                             | ...                                                                                | ...                      |
| Cook Islands (wd:Q26988)             | Cook Islands (en)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20the%20Cook%20Islands.svg>                        | 14222 (xsd:decimal)      |
| Nauru (wd:Q697)                      | Nauru (en)                      | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Nauru.svg>                                       | 13650 (xsd:decimal)      |
| Tuvalu (wd:Q672)                     | Tuvalu (en)                     | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Tuvalu.svg>                                      | 10643 (xsd:decimal)      |
| Niue (wd:Q34020)                     | Niue (en)                       | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Niue.svg>                                        | 1933 (xsd:decimal)       |
| Vatican City (wd:Q237)               | Vatican City (en)               | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flag%20of%20Vatican%20City%20%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg> | 764 (xsd:decimal)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is almost correct and provides the required information: country IRIs, flag images, and populations, ordered by descending population. However, it does not include country labels, which would make the results more human-readable and useful for most users. Since the user asked for 'countries', it's reasonable to expect labels in addition to IRIs. The query should be refined to include OPTIONAL { ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel. FILTER (lang(?countryLabel) = "en") } to provide English labels for the countries. Otherwise, the structure and logic of the query are correct.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?painting ( SAMPLE( ?label ) AS ?germanLabel ) WHERE {
  ?painting wdt:P31 wd:Q3305213 .
  ?painting wdt:P195 wd:Q812285 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?painting rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "de" ) FILTER ( STRENDS( ?label , ")" ) )
  }
  FILTER ( EXISTS {
    ?painting rdfs:label ?label2 .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label2 ) = "de" ) FILTER ( STRENDS( ?label2 , ")" ) )
  }
  )
}
GROUP BY ?painting

Got 2,363 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| painting                                       | germanLabel                                                              |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Martyrdom of the Theban Legion (wd:Q101150344) | Martyrium der thebaischen Legion...e: Hll. Stephanus und Mauritius) (de) |
| Martyrdom of the Theban Legion (wd:Q101153651) | Martyrium der thebaischen Legion...: Hll. Anno und Gregor der Mohr) (de) |
| wd:Q111797391                                  | Maiabend (Nach dem Gewitter) (de)                                        |
| wd:Q111798649                                  | Carona (Tessin) (de)                                                     |
| Abstract Head (pink lips) (wd:Q111798743)      | Abstrakter Kopf (Rosa Lippen) (de)                                       |
| ...                                            | ...                                                                      |
| wd:Q62993550                                   | Bildnis des Peter Philipp von De...Bamberg und Würzburg (1619-1683) (de) |
| wd:Q62994594                                   | Kardinal Benedetto Odescalchi (1611 - 1689) (de)                         |
| wd:Q62994788                                   | Kinderbildnis des Alexander Sigismund von Pfalz-Neuburg (1663-1737) (de) |
| wd:Q62999399                                   | Friedrich I. der Siegreiche, Pfa...rfürst von der Pfalz (1425-1476) (de) |
| wd:Q63106949                                   | Bildnis des Herzogs Albrecht VI....der "Leuchtenberger" (1584-1666) (de) |

This query returns the IRIs of paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections that have at least one German label ending with ")". The German label is included optionally for reference.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections with labels in German that end in ")"?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for paintings (so we need the entity for "painting").
2. These paintings must be part of the "Bavarian State Painting Collections" (we need the entity for this collection and the property for "collection" or "part of collection").
3. The labels should be in German and end with a closing parenthesis ")".

Let's proceed step by step:

Step 1: Find the entity for "painting".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. art of painting, also known as to paint, painting (wd:Q11629): practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface
2. painting, also known as painting (object), paintings (wd:Q3305213): visual artwork, surface artistically covered with paint
3. painting (wd:Q3374341): The application of paint to a surface primarily for protection or to apply a general color.
4. The Eight, also known as Painting (wd:Q652003): Hungarian art group
5. The Painting, also known as Le Tableau, Painting (wd:Q617969): 2011 film by Jean-François Laguionie
6. Painting, also known as Painting 1946 (wd:Q2898215): painting by Francis Bacon
7. Painting (wd:Q7125071): 2013 album by Ocean Colour Scene
8. Painting (wd:Q10349893): painting by Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso
9. Painting (wd:Q12898771): painting by Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée
10. Painting (wd:Q37545359): family name

[Assistant]
There are two relevant entities for "painting":
- wd:Q11629: art of painting (the practice)
- wd:Q3305213: painting (object)

Since we are interested in the objects (artworks), we should use wd:Q3305213.

Next, let's find the entity for "Bavarian State Painting Collections".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bavarian State Painting Collections, also known as Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, BStGS, Centralgemäldegaleriedirektion (wd:Q812285): artworks held by the Free State of Bavaria for Alte Pinakothek, Aschaffenburg, Bamberg, Bayreuth, Schleissheim and others
2. Bavarian State Painting Collections Online Collection, also known as Bavarian State Painting Collections Online Collection, Online Collection of the Bavarian State Painting Collections (wd:Q111321393)
3. Pinakothek artist ID, also known as Bavarian State Painting Collections artist ID, Bavarian State Painting Collections artist identifier, Pinakothek artist identifier (wd:P4025): identifier in the Pinakothek collection
4. Pinakothek artwork ID, also known as Bavarian State Painting Collections artwork ID (wd:P8948): identifier for an artwork on the Bavarian State Painting Collections website
5. Five Paintings from the Bavarian State Paintings Collections (wd:Q115038818): 1976–1978 Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum
6. locations of the Bavarian State ...ctions with works not on display, also known as BStGS depot (wd:Q29343881)
7. Bavarian State Library, also known as Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis, BSB, bsb-muenchen.de (wd:Q256507): state library of the Free State of Bavaria
8. Bavarian State Opera (wd:Q681931): opera company in Munich, Germany
9. Bavarian State Orchestra, also known as Bavarian State Opera Orchestra (wd:Q683117): orchestra
10. Bavarian State Chancellery (wd:Q812286): Bavarian state agency

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "Bavarian State Painting Collections" is wd:Q812285.

Now, we need to find the property that links a painting to its collection. Let's search for properties related to "collection".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. part of the series, also known as series, video game series, subseries, part of series, listed in (wd:P179 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): series which contains the subject, part of
2. collection, also known as editorial collection, series, repository, museum collection, held by (wd:P195 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): art, museum, archival, or bibliographic collection of which the subject is part, part of
3. has works in the collection, also known as has items in the collection, works in collection, work in collection, museum housing this person's work, items in the collection (wd:P6379 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): collection that has works of this person or organisation (use archives at [P485] for archives)
4. collection items at, also known as specimens at, collections at, collection objects at (wd:P11146 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): institution (museum, collection, etc.) holding items (specimens ...ubject (e.g. site). (use archive location P485 for the archives)
5. online catalog URL, also known as catalog online, catalog URL, collection online, online collection, OPAC URL (wd:P8768 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): URL of the website where an item's catalog can be browsed
6. collection or exhibition size, also known as size of collection, size of exhibition, number of records, exhibition size, number of objects (wd:P1436 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): number of items in a collection or exhibition
7. type of document(s) held, also known as type of artefact(s) held, type of material in archive, type of material in collection, type of material in documentation file(s), type of resources held (wd:P11868 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): used to specify the type of document(s) contained in an archival collection or documentation file
8. catalogue raisonné, also known as reasoned catalogue, artist catalogue, artist catalog, Art Catalog (wd:P9969 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media., catalog
9. collection creator, also known as creator, archive creator, collector, archives of, archive of (wd:P6241 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): entity (person, organization, etc.) that caused a record or collection to be produced or gathered
10. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).

[Assistant]
The property "collection" (wd:P195) is the one that links an artwork to its collection.

Now, we need to find paintings (wd:Q3305213) that are in the collection (wd:P195) of the Bavarian State Painting Collections (wd:Q812285).

Next, we need to filter for items whose German label ends with a closing parenthesis ")". In SPARQL, we can use the FILTER and LANG functions to ensure the label is in German and ends with ")".

Let's build the query step by step:
- Select paintings (?painting) that are instances of painting (wd:Q3305213)
- That are in the collection wd:Q812285
- Get their German labels
- Filter labels that end with ")"

Let's write and execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 2,363 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| painting                                       | label                                                                    |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Martyrdom of the Theban Legion (wd:Q101150344) | Martyrium der thebaischen Legion...e: Hll. Stephanus und Mauritius) (de) |
| Martyrdom of the Theban Legion (wd:Q101153651) | Martyrium der thebaischen Legion...: Hll. Anno und Gregor der Mohr) (de) |
| wd:Q111797391                                  | Maiabend (Nach dem Gewitter) (de)                                        |
| wd:Q111798649                                  | Carona (Tessin) (de)                                                     |
| Abstract Head (pink lips) (wd:Q111798743)      | Abstrakter Kopf (Rosa Lippen) (de)                                       |
| ...                                            | ...                                                                      |
| wd:Q62993550                                   | Bildnis des Peter Philipp von De...Bamberg und Würzburg (1619-1683) (de) |
| wd:Q62994594                                   | Kardinal Benedetto Odescalchi (1611 - 1689) (de)                         |
| wd:Q62994788                                   | Kinderbildnis des Alexander Sigismund von Pfalz-Neuburg (1663-1737) (de) |
| wd:Q62999399                                   | Friedrich I. der Siegreiche, Pfa...rfürst von der Pfalz (1425-1476) (de) |
| wd:Q63106949                                   | Bildnis des Herzogs Albrecht VI....der "Leuchtenberger" (1584-1666) (de) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct and returns paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections with German labels ending in ")". However, the labels in the result table appear to have an extra ' (de)' at the end, which suggests that the label values themselves may include the language code, or the display is adding it. The query should ensure that it only matches labels that end with ")" before any language code or extraneous text. Additionally, to strictly follow the guidelines, the query should not return labels unless explicitly requested, and the label should be included in an OPTIONAL clause. Since the user did not explicitly request labels, the query should only return the painting IRIs, with the label in an OPTIONAL clause if desired.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To address your points:

1. The query should only match labels that end with ")" before any language code or extraneous text. The FILTER should apply to the actual label string, not including any language annotation.
2. The query should only return the painting IRIs, with the label in an OPTIONAL clause, since the user did not explicitly request labels.

I will refine the query accordingly:
- The main result will be the painting IRIs.
- The German label will be included in an OPTIONAL clause.
- The FILTER will ensure that the German label string itself (without any language code) ends with ")".

Here is the improved query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves paintings in the Bavarian State Painting Collections (wd:Q812285) that are instances of paintings (wd:Q3305213) and have at least one German label ending with ")". The query returns the IRIs of the paintings as required, and includes the German label optionally for reference. The use of FILTER and EXISTS ensures that only paintings with German labels ending in ")" are included. The GROUP BY and SAMPLE are appropriate for returning one label per painting. No further refinement is necessary.