PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?year ( COUNT( ?ensemble ) AS ?ensembleCount ) WHERE {
  ?ensemble wdt:P31 wd:Q2088357 ; wdt:P571 ?inception .
  BIND( YEAR( ?inception ) AS ?year ) FILTER ( BOUND( ?year ) )
}
GROUP BY ?year
ORDER BY ?year

This query now excludes ensembles where the inception year is not available or cannot be parsed, ensuring only valid years are included in the count of musical ensembles formed each year.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] How many musical ensembles were formed each year, grouped by the year of their inception and sorted by year?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, I need to:

1. Identify the entity for "musical ensemble" in Wikidata.
2. Identify the property for "inception" or "formation date".
3. Write a SPARQL query that counts the number of musical ensembles formed in each year, groups by year, and sorts by year.

First, I will search for the entity "musical ensemble" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. musical ensemble, also known as ensemble, music ensemble (wd:Q2088357): group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name
2. vocal-musical ensemble, also known as musical ensemble (wd:Q29881657): musical ensemble in which both instrumentalists and singers perform
3. musical ensemble (wd:L34511-S1)
4. Kantele (musical ensemble), also known as Kantele (wd:Q4212623)
5. instrumental ensemble, also known as instrumental musical ensemble (wd:Q11072804): musical ensemble consisting solely of instruments
6. fictional musical ensemble, also known as fictional band, fictional music group, fictional music ensemble, fictional music band, fictional group (wd:Q6619719): musical ensemble that exists only in fiction
7. composition for concertina ensemble, also known as concertina ensemble, concertina ensemble (musical work) (wd:Q108040793): type of musical composition
8. Fondateur d'un ensemble musical (wd:Q105103965)
9. Musical Ensemble Erft e.V. (wd:Q122855895): amateur theater in North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)
10. member of this band, musical group, also known as band members by band, member of this band, member of this musical ensemble, member of this musical group (wd:Q65966973): Wikidata metaclass

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "musical ensemble" is wd:Q2088357.

Next, I need to find the property for "inception" or "formation date" to determine when each ensemble was formed. I will search for the property "inception" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. location of first performance, also known as premiere, premiered at, premiere held at, premiere location, world premiere (wd:P4647 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): location where a work was first debuted, performed or broadcasted, significant place
3. date of first performance, also known as time of first performance, world premiere date, world premiere, premiere date, premiere (wd:P1191 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): date a work was first debuted, performed or live-broadcasted, publication date
4. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
5. aperture (wd:P7863 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): aperture of a camera lens
6. Israel Museum Jerusalem artist ID, also known as IMAGINE (wd:P7681 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier of a person (artist) in the Israel Museum Jerusalem collection
7. language style, also known as manner, term register, obsolete, register, sense register (wd:P6191 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): to denote of the way a sense of a word is used, e.g., slang, vulgarism, babytalk, colloquialism, etc.
8. torque, also known as moment, moment of force (wd:P2230 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): torque of a machine, a motor/engine/powerplant, or a vehicle
9. catchphrase, also known as has catchphrase, mantra, slogan, tagline, uses catchphrase (wd:P6251 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): commonly used phrase by which someone or something may be recognized
10. has goal, also known as intention, mission, objective, objective of project or action, project of (wd:P3712 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): desired result or outcome

[Assistant]
The property for "inception" is wd:P571.

Now, I will write a SPARQL query to:
- Select all instances of "musical ensemble" (wd:Q2088357)
- Get their "inception" (wdt:P571) date
- Extract the year from the inception date
- Count the number of ensembles formed each year
- Group by year and sort by year

I will include the year and the count in the results.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Invalid SPARQL query: The expression "YEAR ( ?inception )" does not aggregate ?inception. All non-aggregated variables must be part of the GROUP BY clause.

[Assistant]
The error indicates that the expression YEAR(?inception) must be included directly in the GROUP BY clause, not just as an expression in the SELECT. I will adjust the query to extract the year first, bind it to a variable, and then group by that variable.

Let me update the query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 135 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| year           | ensembleCount |
| -------------- | ------------- |
|                | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| 1300 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| 1701 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| 1750 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| 1769 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| ...            | ...           |
| 2019 (xsd:int) | 3 (xsd:int)   |
| 2020 (xsd:int) | 7 (xsd:int)   |
| 2021 (xsd:int) | 2 (xsd:int)   |
| 2022 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int)   |
| 2024 (xsd:int) | 1 (xsd:int)   |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and answers the question as intended: it counts musical ensembles (wd:Q2088357) by their inception year (wdt:P571), groups by year, and sorts by year. However, there is a minor issue: the result includes a row where the 'year' is empty (NULL), which likely corresponds to ensembles with an inception date that cannot be parsed into a year (e.g., missing or malformed dates). To improve the query, add a FILTER to exclude cases where ?year is not bound (e.g., FILTER(BOUND(?year))). This will ensure only valid years are included in the result.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To address the issue of rows with an empty (NULL) year, I will add a FILTER to exclude cases where ?year is not bound. This will ensure that only valid years are included in the result.

Here is the refined SPARQL query with the additional filter:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly answers the user's question by grouping musical ensembles by their inception year and counting the number formed each year. The query uses the correct properties and entities, excludes ensembles without a valid inception year, and sorts the result by year. The output matches the requirements and follows all SPARQL guidelines provided.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?person ?dateOfDeath ?fsID ?father WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P27 wd:Q16 ; wdt:P570 ?dateOfDeath ; wdt:P2889 ?fsID ; wdt:P22 ?father .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?father wdt:P2889 ?fatherFSID
  }
}
LIMIT 100

These are deceased Canadian individuals who have a FamilySearch person ID and whose father does not have a FamilySearch person ID. For each, the date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father are included. Example results:
- Tommy Douglas (date of death: 1986-02-24, FamilySearch ID: 9JW9-QTR, father: Thomas Douglas)
- Leonard Cohen (date of death: 2016-11-07, FamilySearch ID: LRC8-M82, father: Nathan Bernard Cohen)
- Margot Kidder (date of death: 2018-05-13, FamilySearch ID: LB59-TN4, father: Sidney "Kendall" Kidder)
- Lester B. Pearson (date of death: 1972-12-27, FamilySearch ID: L2YX-22R, father: Reverend Edwin Arthur Pearson)
- John A. Macdonald (date of death: 1891-06-06, FamilySearch ID: LL7R-43B, father: Hugh Macdonald)

The full query returns more such individuals with their respective details.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which deceased Canadian individuals have a FamilySearch person ID and have a father who does not have a FamilySearch person ID? For each person, include their date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father.

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We are looking for Canadian individuals who are deceased.
2. These individuals must have a FamilySearch person ID.
3. Their father must not have a FamilySearch person ID.
4. For each person, we need to include: date of death, FamilySearch person ID, and their father.

Step 1: Identify the relevant entities and properties.
- "Canadian individuals": likely "country of citizenship" (Canada, wd:Q16).
- "Deceased": must have a date of death (property "date of death").
- "FamilySearch person ID": property for FamilySearch person ID.
- "Father": property for father.
- "Father does not have FamilySearch person ID": filter fathers who lack this property.

Step 2: Search for the relevant properties in Wikidata.

First, let's search for the property "FamilySearch person ID".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. FamilySearch person ID, also known as FamilySearch Family Tree ID, FamilySearch ID, Family Search person ID (wd:P2889 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): ID of a person on FamilySearch
2. Familypedia person ID, also known as Familypedia ID (wd:P4193 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a person on Familypedia, a genealogical database hosted at Wikia
3. GeneaStar person ID, also known as GeneaStar ID (wd:P8094 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier of a person in the GeneaStar genealogical database
4. genealogics.org person ID (wd:P1819 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a person at genealogics.org. Format: "I" followed by 8 digits
5. Geneanet family name ID, also known as Geneanet family name identifier, geneanet.org family name ID, geneanet.org family name identifier (wd:P9644 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): ID for a family name on Geneanet
6. National Archives of Australia entity ID, also known as NAA entity ID, RecordSearch person number, RecordSearch organisation number, RecordSearch identifier, RecordSearch ID (wd:P10856 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for government agencies created by, and people and or...th of Australia, allocated by the National Archives of Australia
7. Gateway to Research person ID, also known as GtR ID, UK Research and Innovation person ID, UK Researcher ID, UKRI ID (wd:P8446 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a person in the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)'s Gateway to Research (GtR) database of research funding
8. Beamish peerage database person ID (wd:P10849 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a person in the Beamish database
9. Archaeology Data Service person ID, also known as ADS person ID (wd:P6734 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a person in the Archaeology Data Service library of bibliographic data
10. OnlyFans username, also known as OnlyFans username, OnlyFans ID, OnlyFans account, OnlyFans, OF person ID (wd:P8604 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for a person on the OnlyFans website

[Assistant]
The property for "FamilySearch person ID" is `wdt:P2889`.

Next, let's identify the property for "father".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
2. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
3. parent, also known as guardian, parents (wd:P8810 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): parent of the subject. Only use if neither father (P22) nor mother (P25) nor stepparent (P3448) is applicable., relative
4. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
5. relative, also known as relatives, grandparent, relation, non-binary parent, niece (wd:P1038 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property), significant person
6. Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures ID, also known as DADS ID (wd:P5106 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): identifier for an entry in the Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures
7. stepparent, also known as step-parent, step parent, stepmother, step-mother, step mother (wd:P3448 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): subject has the object as their stepparent, relative
8. godparent, also known as godfather, godmother (wd:P1290 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): person who is the godparent of a given person, relative
9. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
10. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

[Assistant]
The property for "father" is `wdt:P22`.

Now, let's identify the property for "date of death".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
2. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. date of burial or cremation, also known as burial date, cremation date, date of cremation, funeral date (wd:P4602 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): date on which the person was buried or cremated soon after death, point in time
5. number of deaths, also known as dead, qty fatalities, qty deaths, number of fatalities, fatalities (wd:P1120 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
6. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
7. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
8. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
9. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
10. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time

[Assistant]
The property for "date of death" is `wdt:P570`.

Now, let's identify the property for "country of citizenship" to filter for Canadians.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. country for sport, also known as sports nationality, sports country, sport nationality, sporting nationality, sport country (wd:P1532 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country a person or a team represents when playing a sport, country
5. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
6. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
9. permanent resident of, also known as landed immigrant of, PR (wd:P5389 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): country or region where a person has the legal status of permanent resident
10. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location

[Assistant]
The property for "country of citizenship" is `wdt:P27`.

The entity for "Canada" is likely `wd:Q16`, but let's confirm this by searching for "Canada".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Canada, also known as CA, CAN, Dominion of Canada, ISO 3166-1:CA (wd:Q16): country in North America
2. La Canyada, also known as Cañada (wd:Q1553440): municipality of Spain
3. Province of Canada, also known as British Canada, Canada, United Canadas, United Province of Canada (wd:Q1121436): 1841–1867 UK possession in North America
4. Canada, also known as French Canada (wd:Q2569593): French colony in New France between 1534 and 1763
5. Canada, also known as Canada, KS (wd:Q5029265): unincorporated community in Kansas, United States
6. Canada, also known as Canada, KY, Canada, Kentucky (wd:Q1031917): unincorporated community in Pike County, Kentucky, United States
7. Canadá (wd:Q20275156): human settlement in Mexico
8. Canada, also known as Kanada (wd:Q2684010): hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Netherlands
9. Canada (wd:Q21287484): Wikimedia permanent duplicate item
10. Canada (wd:Q13265795): 2012 novel by Richard Ford

[Assistant]
The entity for "Canada" is `wd:Q16`.

Now, let's summarize the properties and entities we need:
- country of citizenship: `wdt:P27` → `wd:Q16`
- date of death: `wdt:P570`
- FamilySearch person ID: `wdt:P2889`
- father: `wdt:P22`
- For the father, ensure they do NOT have a FamilySearch person ID.

Let's construct a SPARQL query step by step:
1. Find individuals with `wdt:P27 wd:Q16` (Canadian), `wdt:P570` (deceased), and `wdt:P2889` (FamilySearch ID).
2. Get their father via `wdt:P22`.
3. Filter for fathers who do NOT have a `wdt:P2889` property.
4. Return the individual, their date of death, their FamilySearch person ID, and their father.

Let's try a query for this.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                                  | dateOfDeath                         | fsID     | father                                        |
| --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| Tommy Douglas (wd:Q359653)              | 1986-02-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 9JW9-QTR | Thomas Douglas (wd:Q106518216)                |
| Renée Reichmann (wd:Q51457100)          | 1990-02-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | G8RM-CMJ | Avraham (Adolf) Gestetner (wd:Q107183739)     |
| Leonard Cohen (wd:Q1276)                | 2016-11-07T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LRC8-M82 | Nathan Bernard Cohen (wd:Q108418474)          |
| Margot Kidder (wd:Q234471)              | 2018-05-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LB59-TN4 | Sidney "Kendall" Kidder (wd:Q111507128)       |
| Lester B. Pearson (wd:Q128604)          | 1972-12-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | L2YX-22R | Reverend Edwin Arthur Pearson (wd:Q126871126) |
| ...                                     | ...                                 | ...      | ...                                           |
| Alexa McDonough (wd:Q2604970)           | 2022-01-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | GDGD-D7Q | Lloyd Shaw (wd:Q6662738)                      |
| Kay Petre (wd:Q129746)                  | 1994-08-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | L2W7-X1T | Robert L. Defries (wd:Q75302167)              |
| John A. Macdonald (wd:Q128702)          | 1891-06-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LL7R-43B | Hugh Macdonald (wd:Q75602449)                 |
| James MacPherson Le Moine (wd:Q3161239) | 1912-02-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | LY77-FHZ | Benjamin Le Moine (wd:Q75872413)              |
| Bill John Birch (wd:Q76108951)          | 1947-02-17T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | K2F2-4T6 | Robert Featherstonehaugh Birch (wd:Q76109040) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly implements the requirements: it selects deceased Canadian individuals (using wdt:P27 wd:Q16 for Canadian citizenship and wdt:P570 for date of death), ensures they have a FamilySearch person ID (wdt:P2889), and that their father (wdt:P22) does not have a FamilySearch person ID (FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?father wdt:P2889 ?fatherFSID }). The query returns the required identifiers (IRIs) for each person and their father, as well as the date of death and FamilySearch ID. The answer summary and sample results are accurate and complete. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?book ?bookLabel WHERE {
  ?book wdt:P50 wd:Q35610 .
  ?book wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q571 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?book rdfs:label ?bookLabel FILTER ( lang( ?bookLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

This query returns the IRIs and English labels of all books (instances or subclasses of 'book', Q571) authored by Arthur Conan Doyle. This ensures the results are limited to books, as requested.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which books were authored by Arthur Conan Doyle?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify the entity for "Arthur Conan Doyle".
2. We need to find the property that links authors to books.
3. We need to find entities that are books authored by Arthur Conan Doyle.

First, I'll search for the entity "Arthur Conan Doyle".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arthur Conan Doyle, also known as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir A. Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, Arthur Conan, Sir Doyle, Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (wd:Q35610): British writer and physician (1859–1930), science fiction writer, crime fiction writer, short story writer, children's writer, physician writer, screenwriter, playwright, physician, historian, essayist, novelist, writer
2. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q13471093): 1927 film
3. Arthur Conan Doyle. (wd:Q52488757): scientific article published in January 1960
4. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q61773675)
5. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q52417813): scientific article published in November 1980
6. Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q28051383): painting by Henry L. Gates
7. Arthur conan doyle (wd:Q85135559): scientific article published on 01 September 1991
8. Arthur Conan Doyle bibliography (wd:Q4798323): List of works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
9. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q52490062): scientific article
10. Statue of Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q56295036): statue in Crowborough, East Sussex, England, UK

[Assistant]
The main entity for the author Arthur Conan Doyle is wd:Q35610.

Next, I need to find the property that links books to their authors. I'll search for properties related to "author".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for linking a written work to its author is "author" (wd:P50).

Now, I need to find entities that are books (written works) where the author (wdt:P50) is Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q35610). To ensure we only get books, I'll also check for the class "book".

I'll search for the entity representing "book" to use as a type constraint.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. book, also known as books (wd:Q571): medium for recording information (words or images) typically on bound pages or more abstractly in electronic or audio form
2. book (wd:Q997698): common figure in heraldry, used as a symbol of scholarship
3. book graph, also known as book (wd:Q4942925): one of two types of graph: quadrilateral books and square books
4. Kasidet Plookphol, also known as Book (wd:Q110897550): television actor, Thai actor, actor
5. Book (wd:Q5851422): village in Iran
6. Book (wd:Q16860229): family name
7. Book (wd:Q106838557): 2021 studio album by They Might Be Giants
8. .book (wd:Q24033188): top-level domain
9. Book Book, also known as Book Book, New South Wales, Book Book, New South Wales, Australia (wd:Q4942928): suburb of Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
10. Book, also known as Book, LA, Book, Louisiana (wd:Q17986011): human settlement in United States of America

[Assistant]
The entity for "book" as a medium for recording information is wd:Q571.

Now, I'll construct a SPARQL query to find all entities that are instances of "book" (wd:Q571) and have Arthur Conan Doyle (wd:Q35610) as their author (wdt:P50). I'll also optionally retrieve their labels for better readability.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that the query returned no results. This could be because not all works by Arthur Conan Doyle are classified strictly as "book" (wd:Q571) in Wikidata; some may be classified as "novel", "short story collection", or other types of written works.

To broaden the search, I'll look for works authored by Arthur Conan Doyle that are instances of any subclass of "written work" (wd:Q47461344), which should include books, novels, short stories, etc. First, I'll verify the entity for "written work".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. written work, also known as creative written work, written delivery (wd:Q47461344): any work expressed in writing, such as inscriptions, manuscripts, documents or maps
2. lost literary work, also known as lost book, lost document, lost printed books, lost written work (wd:Q1585442): literary work produced some time in the past of which no surviving copies are known to exist
3. written or drawn work, also known as book, work (wd:Q25839930): what is produced by a worker and may be edited and printed to give paper books
4. article (individual written work) (wd:L351084-S1)
5. music created for, also known as composed for, soundtrack of, soundtrack for, music written for work, music written for (wd:P9899): a work, event, etc. for which a musical composition was created ... was written; a film for which motion picture music was created)
6. type of written work (wd:L227954-S1)
7. work written by hand (wd:L37213-S1)
8. written work of art (wd:L7290-S1)
9. book series, also known as series of books, series of written works (wd:Q277759): sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group
10. works written by this person, also known as work written by this person (wd:Q111590755): Wikidata metaclass

[Assistant]
The entity for "written work" is wd:Q47461344.

I'll now modify the query to include all instances of "written work" (wd:Q47461344) authored by Arthur Conan Doyle, instead of restricting to just "book". This should yield a more comprehensive list of his authored works.

[Tool]
Got 228 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                             | workLabel                                |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- |
| The Adventure of the Speckled Band (wd:Q1060471) | The Adventure of the Speckled Band (en)  |
| wd:Q108946158                                    |                                          |
| wd:Q108984068                                    |                                          |
| wd:Q108991366                                    |                                          |
| wd:Q108997234                                    |                                          |
| ...                                              | ...                                      |
| The Lost World (wd:Q785255)                      | The Lost World (en)                      |
| The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (wd:Q860831)      | The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (en)      |
| The Valley of Fear (wd:Q863438)                  | The Valley of Fear (en)                  |
| The Adventure of the Naval Treaty (wd:Q930923)   | The Adventure of the Naval Treaty (en)   |
| The Adventure of the Three Students (wd:Q961957) | The Adventure of the Three Students (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is almost correct and returns a comprehensive list of works authored by Arthur Conan Doyle. However, it only returns the IRIs of the works and does not include human-readable labels, which would be helpful for users. Additionally, the query does not use OPTIONAL clauses for labels, which is recommended for better usability. Please refine the query to include OPTIONAL { ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel. } so that labels are available in the result, while still returning the IRIs as required.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct and returns works authored by Arthur Conan Doyle that are instances (or subclasses) of 'written work' (Q47461344). However, the user's question specifically asks for 'books', not all written works. The current query may include short stories, articles, or other non-book written works. To refine the answer, the query should restrict results to works that are instances (or subclasses) of 'book' (Q571) or its subclasses, rather than the broader 'written work'. This will ensure the results are limited to books authored by Arthur Conan Doyle.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?state ?stateLabel ?coordinate ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  ?state wdt:P31 wd:Q3624078 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?state wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?state wdt:P37 ?language .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?state rdfs:label ?stateLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?stateLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 381 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| state                            | stateLabel                  | coordinate                                   | language              | languageLabel   |
| -------------------------------- | --------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------- |
| South Africa (wd:Q258)           | South Africa (en)           | POINT(24.000000 -29.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Zulu (wd:Q10179)      | Zulu (en)       |
| Taiwan (wd:Q865)                 | Taiwan (en)                 | POINT(121.000000 24.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Truku (wd:Q11071864)  | Truku (en)      |
| Mali (wd:Q912)                   | Mali (en)                   | POINT(-4.000000 17.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dogon (wd:Q1234776)   | Dogon (en)      |
| Mali (wd:Q912)                   | Mali (en)                   | POINT(-4.000000 17.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Bobo (wd:Q12628055)   | Bobo (en)       |
| Switzerland (wd:Q39)             | Switzerland (en)            | POINT(8.231973 46.798562) (geo:wktLiteral)   | Romansh (wd:Q13199)   | Romansh (en)    |
| ...                              | ...                         | ...                                          | ...                   | ...             |
| North Macedonia (wd:Q221)        | North Macedonia (en)        | POINT(21.716667 41.650000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Macedonian (wd:Q9296) | Macedonian (en) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (wd:Q225) | Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) | POINT(18.000000 44.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Serbian (wd:Q9299)    | Serbian (en)    |
| Serbia (wd:Q403)                 | Serbia (en)                 | POINT(20.933333 43.950000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Serbian (wd:Q9299)    | Serbian (en)    |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina (wd:Q225) | Bosnia and Herzegovina (en) | POINT(18.000000 44.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Bosnian (wd:Q9303)    | Bosnian (en)    |
| Bangladesh (wd:Q902)             | Bangladesh (en)             | POINT(89.866667 24.016667) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Bangla (wd:Q9610)     | Bangla (en)     |

The sovereign states (instances of wd:Q3624078) along with their coordinates (P625) and official languages (P37) can be retrieved with this query. Each row gives a sovereign state, its coordinates, and one of its official languages (if available).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the sovereign states, their coordinates, and their official languages?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to identify "sovereign states" in Wikidata.
2. For each sovereign state, we need to get:
   - Its coordinates.
   - Its official languages.

First, I'll search for the entity representing "sovereign state" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
2. country, also known as host country, state, sovereign state, land (wd:P17): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings)
3. sovereign state (wd:L642577-S2)
4. Westphalian sovereignty, also known as state sovereignty, Westphalian system (wd:Q442402): concept of the sovereignty of nation-states in Europe
5. state sovereignty, also known as national sovereignty (wd:Q56350990)
6. The Sovereign State (wd:Q7765603): book by Anthony Sampson
7. China (sovereign state) (wd:L1012856-S1)
8. state (sovereign polity) (wd:L1216603-S1)
9. state (sovereign polity) (wd:L1220881-S1)
10. State Sovereignty Day (wd:Q130322685): Day commemorated in honor of the restoration of the sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan following the Anti-Terror Operation

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "sovereign state" is wd:Q3624078.

Next, I need to find how sovereign states are represented in Wikidata. Usually, sovereign states are instances of "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078). I'll check how this class is used, typically via the property "instance of" (P31).

Now, I need to find the properties for:
- Coordinates
- Official languages

I'll search for these properties next.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. this zoological name is coordinate with, also known as coordinate name (wd:P2743 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): links coordinate zoological names, different from
3. time index, also known as time coordinate, timestamp, temporal coordinate, relative time (wd:P4895 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): indicate when something happens relative to its beginning
4. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
5. spatial reference system, also known as coordinate reference system, CRS, SRS (wd:P3037 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): frame of reference used to produce a map
6. y-offset, also known as ordinate, y-axis (wd:P8685 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): offset on the y-axis or secondary axis
7. genomic end, also known as stop coordinate, stop, genomic stop, Genloc End, Genloc Stop (wd:P645 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): genomic ending coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
8. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
9. political alignment, also known as political position, alignment (wd:P1387 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): political position within the left–right political spectrum
10. orientation, also known as alignment, direction, face, faces, facing (wd:P7469 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): axis of alignment of an item, or direction perpendicular to its primary face (specify with P518 if necessary)

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as pqv/wdt/p/prn/pr/prv/psv/ps/wdtn/pqn/psn/pq): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| state                  | stateLabel        | coordinate                                   | language                       | languageLabel         |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| South Africa (wd:Q258) | South Africa (en) | POINT(24.000000 -29.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Zulu (wd:Q10179)               | Zulu (en)             |
| Taiwan (wd:Q865)       | Taiwan (en)       | POINT(121.000000 24.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Truku (wd:Q11071864)           | Truku (en)            |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         | Mali (en)         | POINT(-4.000000 17.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dogon (wd:Q1234776)            | Dogon (en)            |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         | Mali (en)         | POINT(-4.000000 17.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Bobo (wd:Q12628055)            | Bobo (en)             |
| Switzerland (wd:Q39)   | Switzerland (en)  | POINT(8.231973 46.798562) (geo:wktLiteral)   | Romansh (wd:Q13199)            | Romansh (en)          |
| ...                    | ...               | ...                                          | ...                            | ...                   |
| Taiwan (wd:Q865)       | Taiwan (en)       | POINT(121.000000 24.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Kanakanavu (wd:Q172244)        | Kanakanavu (en)       |
| Ecuador (wd:Q736)      | Ecuador (en)      | POINT(-78.000000 -1.000000) (geo:wktLiteral) | Northern Quichua (wd:Q1740805) | Northern Quichua (en) |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889)  | Afghanistan (en)  | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Pamir (wd:Q1772864)            | Pamir (en)            |
| Afghanistan (wd:Q889)  | Afghanistan (en)  | POINT(66.000000 33.000000) (geo:wktLiteral)  | Dari (wd:Q178440)              | Dari (en)             |
| Botswana (wd:Q963)     | Botswana (en)     | POINT(23.700000 -22.200000) (geo:wktLiteral) | English (wd:Q1860)             | English (en)          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves sovereign states, their coordinates, and their official languages, returning the IRIs for each entity as required. Labels are included in OPTIONAL clauses, which is appropriate. The query is complete and follows all the specified rules.