PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?author ?authorLabel ?birthplace ?birthplaceLabel ?dob WHERE {
  ?author wdt:P106 wd:Q36180 ; wdt:P27 wd:Q30 ; wdt:P19 ?birthplace ; wdt:P569 ?dob .
  FILTER ( ?dob >= "1920-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?author wdt:P570 ?dod
  }
  ?birthplace wdt:P131 * wd:Q771 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?author rdfs:label ?authorLabel FILTER ( lang( ?authorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?birthplace rdfs:label ?birthplaceLabel FILTER ( lang( ?birthplaceLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?dob

Got 398 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                                 | authorLabel                    | birthplace             | birthplaceLabel | dob                                 |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)        | George Sullivan (en)           | Lowell (wd:Q49162)     | Lowell (en)     | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)             | Robert Coles (en)              | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)           | Larry Ruttman (en)             | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| John Stewart Bowman (wd:Q105378149)    | John Stewart Bowman (en)       | Cambridge (wd:Q49111)  | Cambridge (en)  | 1931-02-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (wd:Q435615) | Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (en) | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1931-09-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                    | ...                            | ...                    | ...             | ...                                 |
| Ayo Edebiri (wd:Q99365507)             | Ayo Edebiri (en)               | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1995-10-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Claire Scovell LaZebnik (wd:Q2975123)  | Claire Scovell LaZebnik (en)   | Newton (wd:Q49196)     | Newton (en)     | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Amy Siskind (wd:Q52424146)             | Amy Siskind (en)               | Marblehead (wd:Q27416) | Marblehead (en) | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Matthew B. J. Delaney (wd:Q1761181)    | Matthew B. J. Delaney (en)     | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Imogen Tear (wd:Q64137488)             | Imogen Tear (en)               | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 2003-10-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

I executed the query and found 398 living authors who are citizens of the United States, were born in Massachusetts on or after 1920-01-01, including their birthplace and date of birth. The query returns the Wikidata IRIs for the authors and birthplaces plus optional English labels, ordered by date of birth. The full result set (398 rows) is available from the SPARQL endpoint; the query above is the final SPARQL used to retrieve them.

What are the details of living authors who are citizens of the United States, were born in Massachusetts after 1919, including their birthplace and date of birth, ordered by their date of birth?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You are provided with some general notes:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the details of living authors who are citizens of the United States, were born in Massachusetts after 1919, including their birthplace and date of birth, ordered by their date of birth?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll verify the Wikidata items for "author", "United States", and "Massachusetts", and confirm the relevant properties (occupation, country of citizenship, place of birth, date of birth, date of death, administrative territorial entity). I'll run a few search queries to find the correct Q- and P- identifiers. I will show my thought before the call, then run the call, then explain the result.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. writer, also known as penwomen, penmen, penwoman, authors, writers (wd:Q36180)
2. author, also known as authors, contributor, contributors (wd:Q482980)
3. Author! Author! (wd:Q646972): 1982 film by Arthur Hiller, instance of film
4. Author (wd:Q3501429): Czech brand of bicycles, instance of business
5. .author (wd:Q24033183): instance of top-level domain, top-level domain
6. Author! Author! (wd:Q2872379): short story by Isaac Asimov, instance of literary work
7. Author, Author (wd:Q4825905): episode of Star Trek: Voyager (S7 E20), instance of Star Trek episode
8. Author, Author (wd:Q4825909): instance of written work, book by David Lodge
9. Author! Author! (wd:Q4825904): instance of album, album by Scars
10. MSC Corsica, also known as Author, Benarmin, IMO 7905924, Safmarine Infanta, SCL Infanta (wd:Q52322728): instance of container ship, scrapped container ship

[Assistant] I'll search for the Wikidata item for Massachusetts to confirm its identifier. Then I'll search for properties: occupation (P106), country of citizenship (P27), place of birth (P19), date of birth (P569), date of death (P570). I'll run small queries to verify.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Massachusetts, also known as MA, Massachusetts (U.S. state), Masshole Commonwealth, State of Massachusetts, Taxachusetts (wd:Q771): state of the United States of America, instance of U.S. state
2. 4547 Massachusetts, also known as Massachusetts (wd:Q1045311): instance of asteroid, asteroid
3. Massachusetts, also known as Massachusetts (The Lights Went Out In), Lights went out in Massachusetts (wd:Q656437): instance of musical work/composition, 1967 single by Bee Gees
4. Massachusetts (wd:Q6784161): original song written and composed by Arlo Guthrie, instance of musical work/composition
5. How Can You Mend a Broken Heart ...ights Went Out In) Massachusetts, also known as How Can You Mend a Broken Heart, Massachusetts, OS 13080, (The Lights Went Out In) Massachusetts (wd:Q1056006): 1973 single by Bee Gees, instance of single
6. Massachusetts, also known as SLKP-1137, KP-1137 (wd:Q58456164): 1968 Japanese 33 RPM 7" EP by The Bee Gees, instance of extended play
7. Massachusetts (wd:Q1166387): 1973 double compilation album by Bee Gees, instance of album
8. Massachusetts (wd:Q1166389): 1968 compilation album by Bee Gees, instance of album
9. Massachusetts (wd:Q1166390): 1973 UK compilation album by The Bee Gees, instance of album
10. Massachusetts (wd:Q17040616): 2013 studio album by Lori McKenna, instance of album

[Assistant]
Occupation "writer" item is wd:Q36180. Country of citizenship is P27. Place of birth is P19. Date of birth P569. Date of death P570. We need living authors (so no date of death) who are US citizens and born in Massachusetts after 1919. I will construct a SPARQL query selecting ?author with constraints:
- ?author wdt:P106 wd:Q36180.
- ?author wdt:P27 wd:Q30 (United States).
- ?author wdt:P19 ?birthplace . ?birthplace wdt:P131* wd:Q771 ? OR require that birthplace located in Massachusetts (place of birth is within Massachusetts). But better: require that ?birthplace wdt:P131* wd:Q771 or ?birthplace (or its administrative territorial entity chain) equals Massachusetts. Alternatively require that ?author wdt:P19 ?place . ?place wdt:P131* wd:Q771 OR ?place wd:P131*? but property is wdt:P131. Yes use ?birthplace wdt:P131* wd:Q771. Also ?author wdt:P569 ?dob . FILTER(?dob > "1920-01-01"^^xsd:dateTime) but born after 1919 means date of birth > 1919-12-31, so >= 1920-01-01. We'll use > "1919-12-31T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime or >= "1920-01-01"^^xsd:date. Use xsd:dateTime. Also living authors: no date of death, so FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?author wdt:P570 ?dod }.

Finally order by ?dob.

We must follow rules: explain thought process before and after each step and function call. Also must execute intermediate queries to verify properties—should show step-by-step. Use functions.execute to run queries. Let's first verify writer property id wd:Q36180 and P106 maps. We already saw search_entity output. But we should run list for property P106 usage? Use functions.search_property for "occupation".
I'll search for the property "occupation" to confirm P106 and the property for "country of citizenship" to confirm P27, plus place of birth P19 and dates P569/P570.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as avocation, career, craft, employ, employment (wd:P106 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. field of this occupation, also known as field of profession, works in, profession's field, practices, practice (wd:P425 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): field corresponding to this occupation or profession (use only f...fessions - for people use Property:P101, for companies use P452)
3. members have occupation, also known as consists of, profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of (wd:P3989 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): some or all members of this group share the occupation
4. practiced by, also known as done by, associated with, studied by, proponent, practitioners (wd:P3095 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): type of agents that study this subject or work in this field
5. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
6. employer, also known as working at, working for, working place, works at, works for (wd:P108 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): person or organization for which the subject works or worked, subproperty of affiliation
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, subproperty of country
8. occupant, also known as location of, tenant, resident, renter, occupiers (wd:P466 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): person or organization occupying property, subproperty of used by
9. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, purpose, scientific area, responsible for, research on (wd:P101 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, subproperty of interested in
10. work location, also known as worked from, work place, working from, working at, worked at (wd:P937 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, subproperty of significant place, subproperty of location

[Assistant] Properties confirmed. Now I'll craft a SPARQL query using these properties. I'll first run a simple query to find a few authors who meet the criteria to verify the approach. The query will select ?author ?authorLabel ?place ?placeLabel ?dob and apply filters as described, ordered by dob. I'll limit to 50 to test.

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                                 | authorLabel                    | place                 | placeLabel     | dob                                 |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)        | George Sullivan (en)           | Lowell (wd:Q49162)    | Lowell (en)    | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)             | Robert Coles (en)              | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)           | Larry Ruttman (en)             | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| John Stewart Bowman (wd:Q105378149)    | John Stewart Bowman (en)       | Cambridge (wd:Q49111) | Cambridge (en) | 1931-02-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (wd:Q435615) | Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (en) | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1931-09-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                    | ...                            | ...                   | ...            | ...                                 |
| Dave DeWitt (wd:Q3703026)              | Dave DeWitt (en)               | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1944-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Grace Dane Mazur (wd:Q68059861)        | Grace Dane Mazur (en)          | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1944-04-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| David J. Smith (wd:Q5235500)           | David J. Smith (en)            | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1944-04-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Lew Rockwell (wd:Q149451)              | Lew Rockwell (en)              | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)    | 1944-07-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Eugenia Zukerman (wd:Q4506142)         | Eugenia Zukerman (en)          | Cambridge (wd:Q49111) | Cambridge (en) | 1944-09-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] Now I'll run the final SPARQL query that selects living authors (occupation=writer) who have U.S. citizenship, were born in (or in a place located in) Massachusetts, and were born on or after 1920-01-01, ordering results by date of birth. I will include IRIs and optional English labels for author and birthplace.

[Tool]
Got 10,463 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                               | authorLabel               | birthplace                     | birthplaceLabel        | dob                                 |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Ralph E. Morrow (wd:Q113755932)      | Ralph E. Morrow (en)      | Marshall County (wd:Q540907)   | Marshall County (en)   | 1920-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| William Sanders (wd:Q112800278)      | William Sanders (en)      | Alabama (wd:Q173)              | Alabama (en)           | 1920-10-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Robert W. Walts (wd:Q105925086)      | Robert W. Walts (en)      | New Albany (wd:Q1762878)       | New Albany (en)        | 1921-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Susanne M. Batzdorff (wd:Q113795565) | Susanne M. Batzdorff (en) | Wrocław (wd:Q1799)             | Wrocław (en)           | 1921-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Georg Stefan Troller (wd:Q1506089)   | Georg Stefan Troller (en) | Vienna (wd:Q1741)              | Vienna (en)            | 1921-12-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                  | ...                       | ...                            | ...                    | ...                                 |
| Stephen G. Melville (wd:Q118152747)  | Stephen G. Melville (en)  | San Antonio (wd:Q975)          | San Antonio (en)       | 2008-09-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Melvin Shepherd (wd:Q121863757)      | Melvin Shepherd (en)      | Carmel-by-the-Sea (wd:Q625458) | Carmel-by-the-Sea (en) | 2009-02-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Nicholas Buamah (wd:Q80105481)       | Nicholas Buamah (en)      | Atlanta (wd:Q23556)            | Atlanta (en)           | 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Olive Kopelman (wd:Q116843325)       | Olive Kopelman (en)       | Culver City (wd:Q493378)       | Culver City (en)       | 2012-09-26T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Frankie Kopelman (wd:Q116843329)     | Frankie Kopelman (en)     | Culver City (wd:Q493378)       | Culver City (en)       | 2014-04-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I'll run a diagnostic query to check which results actually have a P131 chain to Massachusetts. This will show whether the birthplace is recognized as located in Massachusetts for each author.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                               | authorLabel               | birthplace                   | birthplaceLabel      | dob                                 | inMassachusetts     |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Ralph E. Morrow (wd:Q113755932)      | Ralph E. Morrow (en)      | Marshall County (wd:Q540907) | Marshall County (en) | 1920-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| William Sanders (wd:Q112800278)      | William Sanders (en)      | Alabama (wd:Q173)            | Alabama (en)         | 1920-10-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Robert W. Walts (wd:Q105925086)      | Robert W. Walts (en)      | New Albany (wd:Q1762878)     | New Albany (en)      | 1921-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Susanne M. Batzdorff (wd:Q113795565) | Susanne M. Batzdorff (en) | Wrocław (wd:Q1799)           | Wrocław (en)         | 1921-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Georg Stefan Troller (wd:Q1506089)   | Georg Stefan Troller (en) | Vienna (wd:Q1741)            | Vienna (en)          | 1921-12-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| ...                                  | ...                       | ...                          | ...                  | ...                                 | ...                 |
| Ted Patrick (wd:Q4347029)            | Ted Patrick (en)          | Chattanooga (wd:Q186702)     | Chattanooga (en)     | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Don Clark (wd:Q630987)               | Don Clark (en)            | United States (wd:Q30)       | United States (en)   | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Robert Daley (wd:Q2156826)           | Robert Daley (en)         | New York City (wd:Q60)       | New York City (en)   | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Hart Leroy Bibbs (wd:Q21486082)      | Hart Leroy Bibbs (en)     | Kansas City (wd:Q41819)      | Kansas City (en)     | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |
| Elaine Kagan (wd:Q131587627)         | Elaine Kagan (en)         | St. Louis (wd:Q38022)        | St. Louis (en)       | 1930-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | false (xsd:boolean) |

[Assistant] I'll run a refined query that requires the birthplace to have an administrative chain (wdt:P131*) to Massachusetts (wd:Q771) — no UNION — to ensure only Massachusetts births. I'll limit to 100 to inspect sample results.

[Tool]
Got 100 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                                 | authorLabel                    | birthplace            | birthplaceLabel | dob                                 |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)        | George Sullivan (en)           | Lowell (wd:Q49162)    | Lowell (en)     | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)             | Robert Coles (en)              | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)     | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)           | Larry Ruttman (en)             | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)     | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| John Stewart Bowman (wd:Q105378149)    | John Stewart Bowman (en)       | Cambridge (wd:Q49111) | Cambridge (en)  | 1931-02-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (wd:Q435615) | Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (en) | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)     | 1931-09-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                    | ...                            | ...                   | ...             | ...                                 |
| Daniel Pipes (wd:Q369283)              | Daniel Pipes (en)              | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)     | 1949-09-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Jan Brett (wd:Q6148613)                | Jan Brett (en)                 | Norwell (wd:Q2419598) | Norwell (en)    | 1949-12-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Eileen Myles (wd:Q5349419)             | Eileen Myles (en)              | Cambridge (wd:Q49111) | Cambridge (en)  | 1949-12-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Sonya Sones (wd:Q7562588)              | Sonya Sones (en)               | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)     | 1950-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Candace Allen (wd:Q1032915)            | Candace Allen (en)             | Boston (wd:Q100)      | Boston (en)     | 1950-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] The refined query returns authors born in places located within Massachusetts and meets other constraints. Now I'll prepare the final query to return all such living U.S. authors born in Massachusetts after 1919, ordered by date of birth, including IRIs and optional English labels for author and birthplace. I will not set a LIMIT to return all results. I'll present the query and the answer summary. According to rule 1, I must explain thought process before and after each function call; I have done that. Now I'll execute the final query (without LIMIT).

[Tool]
Got 398 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| author                                 | authorLabel                    | birthplace             | birthplaceLabel | dob                                 |
| -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| George Sullivan (wd:Q107285792)        | George Sullivan (en)           | Lowell (wd:Q49162)     | Lowell (en)     | 1927-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Robert Coles (wd:Q7343027)             | Robert Coles (en)              | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1929-10-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Larry Ruttman (wd:Q17154890)           | Larry Ruttman (en)             | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1931-02-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| John Stewart Bowman (wd:Q105378149)    | John Stewart Bowman (en)       | Cambridge (wd:Q49111)  | Cambridge (en)  | 1931-02-19T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (wd:Q435615) | Elizabeth Marshall Thomas (en) | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1931-09-13T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                    | ...                            | ...                    | ...             | ...                                 |
| Ayo Edebiri (wd:Q99365507)             | Ayo Edebiri (en)               | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 1995-10-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Claire Scovell LaZebnik (wd:Q2975123)  | Claire Scovell LaZebnik (en)   | Newton (wd:Q49196)     | Newton (en)     | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Amy Siskind (wd:Q52424146)             | Amy Siskind (en)               | Marblehead (wd:Q27416) | Marblehead (en) | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Matthew B. J. Delaney (wd:Q1761181)    | Matthew B. J. Delaney (en)     | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Imogen Tear (wd:Q64137488)             | Imogen Tear (en)               | Boston (wd:Q100)       | Boston (en)     | 2003-10-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant] I have executed the final query and obtained 398 rows of living U.S. authors born in Massachusetts on or after 1920, ordered by date of birth. I'll now return the final SPARQL query and a brief answer summary.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?item WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 ; wdt:P31 wd:Q13442814 .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?item rdfs:label ?enlabel FILTER ( LANG( ?enlabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?item

I ran queries to find scholarly articles with 'published in' Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) and filtered for items that do not have an English rdfs:label. The query returns one item: wd:Q102354418.

Which scholarly articles published in the journal Geosphere do not have an English label?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You are provided with some general notes:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which scholarly articles published in the journal Geosphere do not have an English label?

[Assistant] I will first search Wikidata for the journal "Geosphere" to get its Q-identifier. Then I'll find items that are scholarly articles published in that journal and filter those that lack an English rdfs:label. I'll run queries step by step and explain each step. I'll start by searching for the journal entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. magazine, also known as quarterly, magazines, serial, glossy, journal (wd:Q41298)
2. diary, also known as journal, journaling, diaries (wd:Q185598)
3. scientific journal, also known as science journal, scientific journals, scientific magazine, journal, journals (wd:Q5633421)
4. geosphere (wd:Q241284)
5. academic journal, also known as peer-reviewed journal, learned journal, refereed journal, scholarly journal, academic review (wd:Q737498)
6. general journal, also known as journal, subsidiary journal, daybook, day book (wd:Q608971)
7. transaction log, also known as transaction journal, Logging and Recovery, database journal, journal, filesystem journal (wd:Q948454)
8. journal (wd:Q49850)
9. Goncourt Journal, also known as Journal (wd:Q19176092): instance of creative work, instance of literary work, instance of diary
10. Journal (wd:Q123924617): instance of list of built-in iOS apps, journaling app by Apple

[Assistant] I'll look up the Geosphere entity (wd:Q241284) to confirm it's the journal and find properties like ISSN or "instance of" to be certain.

[Tool]
Got 260 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                | property                                                  | object                                                          |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | image (wdt:P18)                                           | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Globe4.jpg> |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | part of (wdt:P361)                                        | Earth (wd:Q2)                                                   |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                                    | zone (wd:Q219858)                                               |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | different from (wdt:P1889)                                | geographic envelope (wd:Q2627400)                               |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | opposite of (wdt:P461)                                    | atmosphere (wd:Q8104)                                           |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | Freebase ID (wdt:P646)                                    | /m/022c8x                                                       |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | NL CR AUT ID (wdt:P691)                                   | ph114626                                                        |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | Quora topic ID (wdt:P3417)                                | Geosphere                                                       |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | Encyclopædia Britannica Online ID (wdt:P1417)             | science/geosphere                                               |
| geosphere (wd:Q241284) | Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana ID (former scheme) (wdt:P1296) | 0111824                                                         |
| ...                    | ...                                                       | ...                                                             |

[Assistant] My previous search returned the geographic term "geosphere" (wd:Q241284). I need the journal "Geosphere" (the journal published by the Geological Society of America). I'll search for "Geosphere (journal)".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. magazine, also known as quarterly, magazines, serial, glossy, journal (wd:Q41298)
2. diary, also known as journal, journaling, diaries (wd:Q185598)
3. scientific journal, also known as science journal, scientific journals, scientific magazine, journal, journals (wd:Q5633421)
4. geosphere (wd:Q241284)
5. academic journal, also known as peer-reviewed journal, learned journal, refereed journal, scholarly journal, academic review (wd:Q737498)
6. general journal, also known as journal, subsidiary journal, daybook, day book (wd:Q608971)
7. transaction log, also known as transaction journal, Logging and Recovery, database journal, journal, filesystem journal (wd:Q948454)
8. journal (wd:Q49850)
9. Goncourt Journal, also known as Journal (wd:Q19176092): instance of creative work, instance of literary work, instance of diary
10. Journal (wd:Q123924617): instance of list of built-in iOS apps, journaling app by Apple

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Geological Society of America, also known as GSA, The Geological Society of America (wd:Q1503216): nonprofit organization for the advancement of geoscience, instance of nonprofit organization, instance of open-access publisher, instance of learned society, instance of publisher
2. GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA (wd:Q80898118): scientific article published on 01 November 1897, instance of scholarly article
3. Geological Society of America (wd:Q64285684): instance of scholarly article, October 1891 research article
4. Sedimentology of Clastic Rocks Returned from the Moon by Apollo 15, also known as journal article from 'Geological...rica Bulletin' published in 1972 (wd:Q98315775): scholarly article published 1972 in Geological Society of America Bulletin, instance of scholarly article
5. Journal of the Geological Society, also known as Geological Society Journal (wd:Q3186960): instance of scientific journal, scientific journal
6. Geological Society of America Bulletin, also known as Geological Society of America. Bulletin, GSA Bulletin (wd:Q15756592): instance of geospatial journal, instance of scientific journal, instance of publication, scientific journal
7. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, also known as Acoustical Society of America. Journal, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. (wd:Q26182): instance of scientific journal, scientific journal
8. Journal of Nepal Geological Society (wd:Q96719485): instance of scientific journal
9. Journal of the Geological Society of India, also known as Geological Society of India. Journal (wd:Q15765593): instance of scientific journal, journal
10. Journal of the Photographic Society of America, also known as Journal of Photographic Society of America (wd:Q132862911): instance of periodical, periodical

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. geosphere (wd:Q241284)
2. Geosphere (wd:Q15817086): instance of open-access journal, instance of scientific journal, instance of academic journal, journal
3. geosphere (wd:L1160508-S1)
4. geosphere (wd:L34735)
5. geosphere (wd:L34735-F1)
6. GeoSphere Austria (wd:Q116189368): instance of governmental meteorological service, meteorological service of Austria (since 2023), instance of government agency
7. GSA Business Journal (wd:Q55668627): newspaper published in Greenville, instance of newspaper
8. interacting geosphere (wd:L34741-S1)
9. Sun and Geosphere, also known as Sun and geosphere: the internati...nal of research and applications (wd:Q131312884): instance of scientific journal, scientific journal
10. geospheres (wd:L34735-F2)

[Assistant] I found Geosphere as wd:Q15817086. I'll inspect its statements to confirm it's the journal and get identifying properties (ISSN) so I can find articles published in it.

[Tool]
Got 113 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                  | property                            | object                                                   |
| ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | scientific journal (wd:Q5633421)                         |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | title (wdt:P1476)                   | Geosphere (en)                                           |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | main subject (wdt:P921)             | geology (wd:Q1069)                                       |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | English (wd:Q1860)                                       |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | country (wdt:P17)                   | United States (wd:Q30)                                   |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | copyright status (wdt:P6216)        | copyrighted (wd:Q50423863)                               |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | copyright license (wdt:P275)        | Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (wd:Q6936496) |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | United States (wd:Q30)                                   |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | official website (wdt:P856)         | <http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/90489>                      |
| Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) | publisher (wdt:P123)                | Geological Society of America (wd:Q1503216)              |
| ...                      | ...                                 | ...                                                      |

[Assistant] Next I will search for scholarly articles (instance of scholarly article) that have "published in" property pointing to Geosphere (wd:Q15817086). The property for "published in" or "publication" is P1433 (published in). I'll search for items with wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. published in, also known as tome of, tome of the book, track of, track on, track on album (wd:P1433 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): larger work that a given work was published in, like a journal, a website, a collection, a book or a music album, subproperty of part of
2. place of publication, also known as country (published in), where published, release region, released in, published in (place) (wd:P291 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), subproperty of significant place
3. publication date, also known as published, publication time, publication, pubdate, launched (wd:P577 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, subproperty of point in time
4. announcement date, also known as date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published, released (wd:P6949 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, subproperty of point in time
5. platform, also known as computing platform, environment, game platform, hardware, platforms (wd:P400 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): platform for which a work was developed or released, or the specific platform version of a software product
6. full work available online at, also known as full text available at, full text available at URL, full text url, online mirror, online version (wd:P953 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): URL of a web page containing the full body of this item, subproperty of URL
7. Paradox Wikis article ID, also known as PW article ID (wd:P12189 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier of the entity on Paradoxwikis. Format: subdomain:Page_title
8. characters, also known as appears in this work (wd:P674 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): characters which appear in this item (like plays, operas, operettas, books, comics, films, TV series, video games)
9. article ID, also known as article number (wd:P2322 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier for an article in an online publication
10. introduced in, also known as added in, first appeared in, first published in, introduced by (wd:P10695 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): work that introduced this concept

[Assistant] I'll run a query to find items with wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 and that are instances of scholarly article (wd:Q13442814). Then I'll check their English labels; specifically, we need items that do NOT have an English rdfs:label. To check absence of English label, I can look for FILTER(NOT EXISTS { ?item rdfs:label ?elabel FILTER(LANG(?elabel) = "en") }). I'll build and run that query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| item          | itemLabel |
| ------------- | --------- |
| wd:Q102354418 |           |

[Assistant] I'll run a broader query: find all items with published in = Geosphere and filter those that lack an English rdfs:label, regardless of their instance type. This ensures I don't miss articles classified under different instance values. I'll execute the query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| item          | type                             | typeLabel              |
| ------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| wd:Q102354418 | scholarly article (wd:Q13442814) | scholarly article (en) |

[Assistant] I'll run the final SPARQL query that returns scholarly articles (wd:Q13442814) published in Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) that do not have an English rdfs:label. The query returns the item IRIs and any available non-English label.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll run a concise SPARQL query to retrieve scholarly articles (wd:Q13442814) published in Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) that lack an English rdfs:label.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| item          |
| ------------- |
| wd:Q102354418 |

[Assistant] I found a single item: wd:Q102354418. I'll retrieve its available labels and other basic info to present.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPSConnectionPool(host='qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant] I'll run a simpler query to get the labels of wd:Q102354418.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant] I'll re-run a concise SPARQL query to verify the set of scholarly articles published in Geosphere (wd:Q15817086) that lack an English rdfs:label, and then I'll return the final query and the result.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| item          |
| ------------- |
| wd:Q102354418 |

[Assistant] I will now produce the final SPARQL query that returns scholarly articles published in Geosphere that do not have an English label, and report the result (wd:Q102354418). Per the additional rules I must explain my thought process before and after each step and include the final query and answer via the answer function.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?rating ?dob ?birthYear ?date WHERE {
  ?person p:P1087 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1087 ?rating .
  ?stmt pq:P585 ?date .
  ?person wdt:P569 ?dob .
  BIND( YEAR( ?dob ) AS ?birthYear ) .
  FILTER ( xsd:integer ( ?rating ) = ?birthYear ) .
  FILTER ( ?date >= "2007-04-01" ^^ xsd:date && ?date < "2007-05-01" ^^ xsd:date ) .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?personLabel

Narrative of steps and function calls:

1) I searched for the property for Elo rating to confirm its identifier.
   - Call: search_property(query="Elo")
   - Result: Elo rating = P1087 (used as p:P1087 / ps:P1087 for statements)

2) I searched for the appropriate qualifier/property for a date on statements.
   - Call: search_property(query="point in time")
   - Result: point in time = P585 (used as pq:P585)

3) I constructed a SPARQL query to find persons with P1087 statements that have a P585 qualifier in April 2007, compare the rating value to the person's birth year (P569), and return matching persons. I executed an initial attempt which returned no rows (likely due to date/time datatype handling).
   - Call: execute(initial query with xsd:dateTime filters)
   - Result: 0 rows

4) I inspected examples of wdt:P1087 usage to confirm value datatypes.
   - Call: list(property="wdt:P1087")
   - Result: sample rows confirming rating values stored as numeric literals (xsd:decimal)

5) I refined the query to cast the rating to integer and use xsd:date for the point-in-time qualifier, then executed it.
   - Call: execute(refined query — the final query provided above)
   - Result: 1 matching person

Final result (persons whose Elo rating in April 2007 equals their year of birth):

- Alexandr Ponomarenko (wd:Q27580000)
  - Elo rating (April 2007): 1993
  - Date of birth: 1993-04-15
  - Point-in-time for the Elo rating statement: 2007-04-01

The SPARQL query used is included above and returns the person IRIs (as ?person), their optional English labels (?personLabel), the rating value (?rating), and the date of birth (?dob).

Which individuals had an Elo rating in April 2007 that is exactly their year of birth, and what were their Elo ratings and dates of birth?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You are provided with some general notes:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] Which individuals had an Elo rating in April 2007 that is exactly their year of birth, and what were their Elo ratings and dates of birth?

[Assistant] Step 1: I'll search for relevant properties (Elo rating, rating value, rating date) and entities (Elo ratings recorded in April 2007). I'll start by searching for properties related to "Elo" and "rating".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Elo rating (wd:P1087 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in classical chess
2. series ordinal, also known as unit number, sort order, sorting order, ordinal, series number (wd:P1545 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): position of an item in its parent series (most frequently a 1-ba...d from "ranking" defined as a property for evaluating a quality)
3. military or police rank, also known as police rank, rank, naval rank, military rank (wd:P410 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): military or police rank achieved by a person (should usually hav...ualifier), or military or police rank associated with a position
4. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
5. taxon rank, also known as rank, taxonomic rank, type of taxon (wd:P105 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): level in a taxonomic hierarchy, subproperty of instance of
6. dan/kyu rank, also known as go rank, judo rank, kendo rank, renju rank, shogi rank (wd:P468 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): rank system used in several board games (e.g. go, shogi, renju), martial arts (e.g. judo, kendo, wushu) and some other games
7. school class, also known as stage, school cohort, grade, class, cohort (wd:P7174 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): (qualifier) class of a given year/time period to which the person belonged in an educational institution
8. league level above, also known as level above (league), promotion to (wd:P2499 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): the league above this sports league, subproperty of next higher rank
9. tensile modulus of elasticity, also known as E, Young's modulus, tensile modulus, elasticity modulus, elastic modulus (wd:P5480 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): material proprety linking the elastic deformation to the yield strengh.
10. Original Esperanto Literature author ID, also known as Esperanto Literature author ID, OLE, OLE ID (wd:P10149 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): unique ID for an author on the website Original Esperanto Literature (OLE)

[Assistant] Next I'll verify the qualifier property for "point in time" (P585) and then build a query that finds P1087 statements with a P585 qualifier in April 2007 and compare the rating value to the person's birth year. I'll search for the "point in time" property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. point in time, also known as year, when, time of event, time, during (wd:P585 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
2. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): time period when a statement is valid
3. set in period, also known as set in, set in era, set in time, setting, significant event (wd:P2408 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): historical, contemporary, or future period, year, century or day...rk or genre is set in or event featured in the story of the work
4. time period, also known as oge (oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ...ụ mere ma ọ bụ nke ejikọtara ya. (wd:P2348 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): time period (historic period or era, sports season, theatre seas...c.) in which the subject occurred or with which it is associated
5. start time, also known as start date, since, join time, joined, join date (wd:P580 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, subproperty of point in time
6. date depicted, also known as date shown, depicted date, depicted time, depicts date, shown as at date (wd:P2913 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): date represented in a work (for narrative works use P2408)
7. term length of position, also known as position term, time in position, term of position, term length, length of term (wd:P2097 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., subproperty of duration
8. history of topic, also known as chronology of subject, timeline of topic, timeline of the topic, timeline of the subject, timeline of subject (wd:P2184 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): item about the historical development of a subject's topic, exam... To list key events of the topic, use "significant event" (P793), subproperty of studied by
9. latest date, also known as terminus ante quem, prior to, on or before this date, no later than, maximum date (wd:P1326 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): latest possible time that something could have occurred. Use as qualifier for other date properties
10. recording date, also known as rec. date, recorded date, record date, recdate, date of recording (wd:P10135 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): the date when a recording was made, subproperty of inception

[Assistant] Now I'll construct a SPARQL query to find people with P1087 (Elo rating) statements that have a P585 qualifier in April 2007, and compare the numeric Elo rating value to the person's birth year (P569). I need to ensure the rating value equals the year of birth exactly (e.g., rating 1980 and birth year 1980). I'll search for how rating values are stored: P1087 is a property whose value is usually an integer; use wdt:P1087 for direct values and statement structure for qualifiers. I'll build a query that finds statements with ?person p:P1087 ?stmt; ?stmt ps:P1087 ?rating; ?stmt pq:P585 ?date. Then filter date in April 2007 and rating = year(birthdate). I'll verify date handling. I'll construct and run the query.

[Tool] Got no rows and 6 columns

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property               | object             |
| --------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------ |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807)       | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2832 (xsd:decimal) |
| Mikhail Tal (wd:Q102664)          | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2525 (xsd:decimal) |
| Vasily Smyslov (wd:Q104148)       | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2480 (xsd:decimal) |
| Bent Larsen (wd:Q108807)          | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2415 (xsd:decimal) |
| Harika Dronavalli (wd:Q109147059) | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2502 (xsd:decimal) |
| Jan-Krzysztof Duda (wd:Q10860652) | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 1834 (xsd:decimal) |
| Andor Lilienthal (wd:Q113167)     | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2385 (xsd:decimal) |
| Anna Cramling (wd:Q104539456)     | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2045 (xsd:decimal) |
| Jon Ludvig Hammer (wd:Q1152824)   | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2596 (xsd:decimal) |
| Carlos Guimard (wd:Q1042965)      | Elo rating (wdt:P1087) | 2325 (xsd:decimal) |
| ...                               | ...                    | ...                |

[Assistant] I'll run a refined query that casts the rating to integer and uses xsd:date for the point-in-time qualifier.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 6 columns:
| person                              | personLabel               | rating             | dob                                 | birthYear      | date                                |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------------------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Alexandr Ponomarenko (wd:Q27580000) | Alexandr Ponomarenko (en) | 1993 (xsd:decimal) | 1993-04-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1993 (xsd:int) | 2007-04-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?unit ?unitLabel ?geolex ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT STR( ?part ) ; separator = "|" ) AS ?partIRIs ) ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?partLabel ; separator = "|" ) AS ?partLabels ) ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT STR( ?largerUnit ) ; separator = "|" ) AS ?largerUnitIRIs ) ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?largerUnitLabel ; separator = "|" ) AS ?largerUnitLabels ) WHERE {
  ?unit wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q3550897 .
  {
    ?unit wdt:P131 / wdt:P131 * wd:Q816 .
  } UNION {
    ?unit wdt:P276 ?loc .
    ?loc wdt:P131 * wd:Q816 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?unit wdt:P6202 ?geolex .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?unit wdt:P527 ?part .
    ?part rdfs:label ?partLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?partLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?unit wdt:P361 ?largerUnit .
    ?largerUnit rdfs:label ?largerUnitLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?largerUnitLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?unit rdfs:label ?unitLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?unitLabel ) = 'en' )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?unit ?unitLabel ?geolex
ORDER BY ?unitLabel
LIMIT 5000

Thought process (summary):
1) I identified the Wikidata class for lithostratigraphic units (wd:Q3550897).
2) I identified how to find items located in Arizona (wd:Q816) via P131 (administrative location) or via P276 (location) whose P131 chain leads to Arizona.
3) I found the Geolex ID property (P6202) and the properties for parts (P527) and larger unit / part of (P361).
4) I executed an aggregated SPARQL query that returns one row per lithostratigraphic unit with its IRI, English label, Geolex ID (if any), aggregated part IRIs & labels, and aggregated larger-unit IRIs & labels. The query returns item identifiers (IRIs) as requested.

Results (summary):
- Total distinct lithostratigraphic units located in Arizona found by the query: 143.

A few example rows from the query results (Unit IRI — label — Geolex ID — parts — larger units):
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q75041040 — Abrigo Formation — Geolex: Abrigo_4501 — (no parts listed) — (no larger unit listed)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17511820 — Amole Arkose — Geolex: (none) — (no parts listed) — (no larger unit listed)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4747496 — Amole Formation — Geolex: Amole_6443 — (no parts listed) — (no larger unit listed)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q65553467 — Apache Group — Geolex: Apache_6495 — part: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q65553464 (Mescal Limestone) — (no larger unit listed)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q64341523 — Awatubi Member — Geolex: Awatubi_4623 — (no parts listed) — larger unit: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q64341285 (Kwagunt Formation)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8025150 — Wingate Sandstone — Geolex: Wingate_11202 — (no parts listed) — larger unit: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5567629 (Glen Canyon Group)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q61045598 — Wupatki Member — Geolex: Wupatki_11243 — (no parts listed) — larger unit: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1671517 (Moenkopi Formation)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q98923927 — West Water Formation — Geolex: WestWater_12326 — (no parts listed) — (no larger unit listed)
- http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q97007987 — Winterhaven Formation — Geolex: Winterhaven_6295 — (no parts listed) — (no larger unit listed)

Notes and how to get the full list:
- The SPARQL query above returns all matching units with their IRIs. You can run it directly against the Wikidata SPARQL endpoint (or the provided qlever endpoint) to retrieve the full table (143 rows). The query already includes labels and aggregates parts and larger-units (IRIs and labels).
- If you want the full CSV/TSV export or a subset (e.g., only units with Geolex IDs, or only formations), tell me and I will modify the query accordingly or provide the full results in your preferred format.

If you want, I can also:
- Return the full list here (all 143 items),
- Filter to only units of a specific rank (formation, group, member, etc.),
- Return only units that have Geolex IDs,
- Or produce a downloadable CSV.

What are the distinct lithostratigraphic units located in Arizona? Please include any parts they have (if available, the larger units they are part of (if available), and their Geolex IDs (if available).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You are provided with some general notes:
No notes available

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
3. Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
4. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
5. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
6. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
7. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
8. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] What are the distinct lithostratigraphic units located in Arizona? Please include any parts they have (if available, the larger units they are part of (if available), and their Geolex IDs (if available).

[Assistant] I will first search for relevant entities and properties: the class for lithostratigraphic units and the property indicating location (state of Arizona), and properties for parts, part of (larger units), and Geolex ID (likely stored as "Geolex ID" property). I'll search Wikidata for the needed items and properties and then build a SPARQL query. I'll show my thought process and intermediate queries.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. lithostratigraphic unit, also known as rock unit (wd:Q3550897)
2. former lithostratigraphic unit (wd:Q109902873)
3. sedimentary lithostratigraphic unit (wd:Q28021934)
4. 1, also known as multiplicative identity, Ⅰ, number 1, ₁, ⅰ (wd:Q199): instance of centered dodecahedral number, instance of heptagonal pyramidal number, instance of pentagonal pyramidal number, instance of centered pentachoric number, instance of centered tetrahedral number, instance of centered icosahedral number, instance of centered octahedral number, instance of centered pentagonal number, instance of hexagonal pyramidal number, instance of centered triangular number, instance of centered heptagonal number, instance of centered nonagonal number, instance of centered decagonal number, instance of centered octagonal number, instance of centered hexagonal number, instance of square triangular number, instance of multiplicative identity, instance of stella octangula number, instance of square pyramidal number, instance of centered square number, instance of centered cube number, instance of non-negative integer, instance of dodecahedral number, instance of dodecagonal number, instance of tetrahedral number, instance of icosahedral number, instance of dimensionless unit, instance of automorphic number, instance of heptagonal number, instance of pentagonal number, instance of triangular number, instance of hexagonal number, instance of decagonal number, instance of coherent SI unit, instance of pentatope number, instance of octagonal number, instance of Fibonacci number, instance of nonagonal number, instance of Mersenne number, instance of unit of amount, instance of natural number, instance of harshad number, instance of square number, instance of power of 1000, instance of seventh power, instance of power of two, instance of eighth power, instance of fourth power, instance of fifth power, instance of power of 10, instance of ninth power, instance of sixth power, instance of star number, instance of odd number, instance of repunit, natural number one, instance of cube, instance of unit, instance of {1}
5. unit of measurement, also known as unit of measure, unit, measurement unit (wd:Q47574)
6. apartment, also known as flats, unit, flat, dwelling (wd:Q188507)
7. lithostratigraphy, also known as lithostratigraphic, lithostratigraphical (wd:Q856124)
8. division, also known as section, organizational division, organizational unit, organizational section, business division (wd:Q334453)
9. unit, also known as invertible element (wd:Q118084)
10. enzyme unit, also known as unit, U (wd:Q636200): unit of catalytic activity; one micromole per minute; 16.66… nanokatals, instance of unit of catalytic activity

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Geolex ID, also known as GEOLEX ID, Geolex identifier (wd:P6202 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): ID for every stratigraphic unit in the United States of America (USA) given by the United States Geological Survey
2. GeoLOD ID, also known as GeoLOD identifier (wd:P12170 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier for a place in Japan
3. GeolISSTerm ID, also known as GeolISSTerm identifier, Geološki Informacioni Sistem Srb...logija i nomenklatura identifier, Geološki Informacioni Sistem Srb... terminologija i nomenklatura ID, Geološka terminologija i nomenklatura identifier, Geološka terminologija i nomenklatura ID (wd:P10748 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier for a term in the GeolISSTerm terminology dictionary
4. GeoNames ID, also known as GeoNames, Geonames Id (wd:P1566 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier in the GeoNames geographical database
5. GeoSciML ID (wd:P10727 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): Geoscience Vocabularies for Linked Data
6. Géopatronyme ID, also known as Geopatronyme ID (wd:P3370 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier of a family name in the Géopatronyme database
7. Indo-European Lexicon ID, also known as IELEX ID (wd:P13192 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): entry in the University of Texas at Austin’s Indo-European Lexicon
8. GeoNLP ID (obsolete) (wd:P5400 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): Obsolete Japanese location identifier. Use GeoLOD ID (P12170) instead.
9. GNIS Feature ID, also known as Geographic Names Information System ID, GNIS ID, USGS GNIS ID (wd:P590 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier for geographic objects in the United States issued by the USGS. For Antarctica, use Property:P804
10. Interlex ID, also known as Neurolex ID (wd:P696 as psv/psn/prn/prv/pqn/p/pq/wdtn/wdt/pqv/ps/pr): identifier in the Interlex database (used to be Neurolex)

[Assistant] I'll search for the Arizona entity on Wikidata to get its Q-id (likely Q819).

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Arizona, also known as Grand Canyon State, US-AZ, The Grand Canyon State, State of Arizona, AZ (wd:Q816): state of the United States of America, instance of U.S. state
2. University of Arizona, also known as UA, Univ. of Arizona, University of Az, U.A., U of A (wd:Q503419): instance of public educational institution of the United States, public university in Tucson, Arizona, United States, instance of open-access publisher, instance of land-grant university, instance of public university
3. Arizona (wd:Q2254748): municipality in Atlántida Department, Honduras, instance of municipality of Honduras
4. Arizona (wd:Q670059): 1940 film by Wesley Ruggles, instance of film
5. Arizona (wd:Q634389): 1918 silent film drama, instance of film
6. Arizona (wd:Q2861452): 1913 film by Augustus Thomas, instance of silent film, instance of film
7. Arizona, also known as Glossy snake (wd:Q14089080): instance of taxon, genus of reptiles
8. Arizona (wd:Q4791227): municipality and village in San Luis, Argentina, instance of municipality, instance of locality
9. Arizona, also known as Men Are Like That (wd:Q3196815): 1931 film by George B. Seitz, instance of film
10. Arizona (wd:Q2325768): instance of comic book album, Lucky Luke comic

[Assistant] I'll run a test SPARQL query to find items that are instances (or instances of subclasses) of "lithostratigraphic unit" and that are located in Arizona via P131 (possibly through nesting) or via P276 (location). I'll request labels in English and Geolex IDs, and aggregate parts and larger units.

[Tool]
Got 143 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| unit                                 | unitLabel                  | geolex           | parts                 | largerUnits             |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Abrigo Formation (wd:Q75041040)      | Abrigo Formation (en)      | Abrigo_4501      |                       |                         |
| Amole Arkose (wd:Q17511820)          | Amole Arkose (en)          |                  |                       |                         |
| Amole Formation (wd:Q4747496)        | Amole Formation (en)       | Amole_6443       |                       |                         |
| Apache Group (wd:Q65553467)          | Apache Group (en)          | Apache_6495      | Mescal Limestone (en) |                         |
| Awatubi Member (wd:Q64341523)        | Awatubi Member (en)        | Awatubi_4623     |                       | Kwagunt Formation (en)  |
| ...                                  | ...                        | ...              | ...                   | ...                     |
| West Water Formation (wd:Q98923927)  | West Water Formation (en)  | WestWater_12326  |                       |                         |
| Wingate Sandstone (wd:Q8025150)      | Wingate Sandstone (en)     | Wingate_11202    |                       | Glen Canyon Group (en)  |
| Winslow Member (wd:Q61045581)        | Winslow Member (en)        | Winslow_11208    |                       | Moenkopi Formation (en) |
| Winterhaven Formation (wd:Q97007987) | Winterhaven Formation (en) | Winterhaven_6295 |                       |                         |
| Wupatki Member (wd:Q61045598)        | Wupatki Member (en)        | Wupatki_11243    |                       | Moenkopi Formation (en) |

[Assistant] I'll run a refined SPARQL query that returns each lithostratigraphic unit (IRI and English label), its Geolex ID (P6202) if present, any parts (P527) with their IRIs and labels, and any larger units it is part of (P361) with their IRIs and labels. For the location-in-Arizona condition I'll include items with P131 chain to Arizona (wd:Q816) or with a P276 location whose P131 chain leads to Arizona. I'll order by unit label. Now executing the query.

[Tool]
Got 205 rows and 7 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| unit                                 | unitLabel                  | geolex           | part                            | partLabel             | largerUnit                       | largerUnitLabel         |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Abrigo Formation (wd:Q75041040)      | Abrigo Formation (en)      | Abrigo_4501      |                                 |                       |                                  |                         |
| Amole Arkose (wd:Q17511820)          | Amole Arkose (en)          |                  |                                 |                       |                                  |                         |
| Amole Formation (wd:Q4747496)        | Amole Formation (en)       | Amole_6443       |                                 |                       |                                  |                         |
| Apache Group (wd:Q65553467)          | Apache Group (en)          | Apache_6495      | Mescal Limestone (wd:Q65553464) | Mescal Limestone (en) |                                  |                         |
| Awatubi Member (wd:Q64341523)        | Awatubi Member (en)        | Awatubi_4623     |                                 |                       | Kwagunt Formation (wd:Q64341285) | Kwagunt Formation (en)  |
| ...                                  | ...                        | ...              | ...                             | ...                   | ...                              | ...                     |
| West Water Formation (wd:Q98923927)  | West Water Formation (en)  | WestWater_12326  |                                 |                       |                                  |                         |
| Wingate Sandstone (wd:Q8025150)      | Wingate Sandstone (en)     | Wingate_11202    |                                 |                       | Glen Canyon Group (wd:Q5567629)  | Glen Canyon Group (en)  |
| Winslow Member (wd:Q61045581)        | Winslow Member (en)        | Winslow_11208    |                                 |                       | Moenkopi Formation (wd:Q1671517) | Moenkopi Formation (en) |
| Winterhaven Formation (wd:Q97007987) | Winterhaven Formation (en) | Winterhaven_6295 |                                 |                       |                                  |                         |
| Wupatki Member (wd:Q61045598)        | Wupatki Member (en)        | Wupatki_11243    |                                 |                       | Moenkopi Formation (wd:Q1671517) | Moenkopi Formation (en) |

[Assistant] I'll run a final aggregated SPARQL query that returns one row per lithostratigraphic unit located in Arizona, including the unit IRI and English label, the Geolex ID (P6202) if present, aggregated part IRIs and labels (P527), and aggregated larger-unit IRIs and labels (P361). I will then check the number of results and include that in the answer. Now executing the query.

[Tool]
Got 143 rows and 7 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| unit                                 | unitLabel                  | geolex           | partIRIs                                 | partLabels            | largerUnitIRIs                           | largerUnitLabels        |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Abrigo Formation (wd:Q75041040)      | Abrigo Formation (en)      | Abrigo_4501      |                                          |                       |                                          |                         |
| Amole Arkose (wd:Q17511820)          | Amole Arkose (en)          |                  |                                          |                       |                                          |                         |
| Amole Formation (wd:Q4747496)        | Amole Formation (en)       | Amole_6443       |                                          |                       |                                          |                         |
| Apache Group (wd:Q65553467)          | Apache Group (en)          | Apache_6495      | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q65553464 | Mescal Limestone (en) |                                          |                         |
| Awatubi Member (wd:Q64341523)        | Awatubi Member (en)        | Awatubi_4623     |                                          |                       | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q64341285 | Kwagunt Formation (en)  |
| ...                                  | ...                        | ...              | ...                                      | ...                   | ...                                      | ...                     |
| West Water Formation (wd:Q98923927)  | West Water Formation (en)  | WestWater_12326  |                                          |                       |                                          |                         |
| Wingate Sandstone (wd:Q8025150)      | Wingate Sandstone (en)     | Wingate_11202    |                                          |                       | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5567629  | Glen Canyon Group (en)  |
| Winslow Member (wd:Q61045581)        | Winslow Member (en)        | Winslow_11208    |                                          |                       | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1671517  | Moenkopi Formation (en) |
| Winterhaven Formation (wd:Q97007987) | Winterhaven Formation (en) | Winterhaven_6295 |                                          |                       |                                          |                         |
| Wupatki Member (wd:Q61045598)        | Wupatki Member (en)        | Wupatki_11243    |                                          |                       | http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1671517  | Moenkopi Formation (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process