PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?article WHERE {
  ?article wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 .
  ?article wdt:P31 ?instanceType .
  FILTER ( ?instanceType IN ( wd:Q13442814 , wd:Q7725634 , wd:Q1980247 ) ) .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?article rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
- scholarly article (wd:Q13442814), also known as academic article, academic paper, academic papers, article, article in science, etc.: is subclass of scientific literature / is subclass of scientific publication / is subclass of research / is subclass of magazine article / is subclass of article / is subclass of Scientific literature / is subclass of academic work / article in an academic publication, usually peer reviewed / article in an academic publication, usually peer reviewed
- Geosphere (wd:Q15817086): is instance of scientific journal / is instance of academic journal / is instance of open-access journal / journal
- chapter (wd:Q1980247), also known as book chapter, book section: is subclass of genre / is subclass of Genre / is subclass of part of a work / section of a work, most commonly a book
- literary work (wd:Q7725634), also known as literary text, work in literature: is subclass of creative work / is subclass of type of work / is subclass of written work / creative work by a writer created with aesthetic, academic or recreative purposes / written work read for enjoyment or edification

Using properties:
- published in (wd:P1433 as wdt), also known as album, article of, chapter of, essay of, music album, etc.: is subproperty of part of / larger work that a given work was published in / larger work that a given work was published in, like a journal, a website, a collection, a book or a music album
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform

Answer: There is one scholarly article published in the journal Geosphere that does not have an English label: wd:Q102354418.

There is one scholarly article published in the journal Geosphere that does not have an English label: wd:Q102354418.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?article WHERE {
  ?article wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 .
  ?article wdt:P31 ?instanceType .
  FILTER ( ?instanceType IN ( wd:Q13442814 , wd:Q7725634 , wd:Q1980247 ) ) .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?article rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}

Using entities:
- scholarly article (wd:Q13442814), also known as academic article, academic paper, academic papers, article, article in science, etc.: is subclass of scientific literature / is subclass of scientific publication / is subclass of research / is subclass of magazine article / is subclass of article / is subclass of Scientific literature / is subclass of academic work / article in an academic publication, usually peer reviewed / article in an academic publication, usually peer reviewed
- Geosphere (wd:Q15817086): is instance of scientific journal / is instance of academic journal / is instance of open-access journal / journal
- chapter (wd:Q1980247), also known as book chapter, book section: is subclass of genre / is subclass of Genre / is subclass of part of a work / section of a work, most commonly a book
- literary work (wd:Q7725634), also known as literary text, work in literature: is subclass of creative work / is subclass of type of work / is subclass of written work / creative work by a writer created with aesthetic, academic or recreative purposes / written work read for enjoyment or edification

Using properties:
- published in (wd:P1433 as wdt), also known as album, article of, chapter of, essay of, music album, etc.: is subproperty of part of / larger work that a given work was published in / larger work that a given work was published in, like a journal, a website, a collection, a book or a music album
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| article       |
| ------------- |
| wd:Q102354418 |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Which scholarly articles published in the journal Geosphere do not have an English label?

[Assistant]
To answer the question, "Which scholarly articles published in the journal Geosphere do not have an English label?", we need to:

1. Identify the entity for the journal "Geosphere" in Wikidata.
2. Find scholarly articles (publications) that are published in this journal.
3. Filter those articles that do not have an English label (rdfs:label with language "en").

### Step 1: Search for the journal "Geosphere"
We first search for the Wikidata entity corresponding to the journal "Geosphere".

Question: Geosphere

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. geosphere (wd:Q241284): collective name for the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere / is subclass of shell of an astronomical object / is subclass of geographical entity / is subclass of geographic entity / is subclass of zone
2. Geosphere (wd:Q15817086): is instance of open-access journal / is instance of scientific journal / is instance of academic journal / journal
3. GeoSphere Austria (wd:Q116189368): is instance of governmental meteorological service / meteorological service of Austria (since 2023) / is instance of meteorological service / is instance of government department / is instance of government agency
4. Sun and Geosphere (wd:Q131312884), also known as Sun and geosphere: the international journal of research and applications: is instance of scientific journal / scientific journal
5. ENWEST GEOSPHERE──ANTHROPOSPHE (wd:Q98517768): scientific article published in January 1997 / scientific article published in January 1997 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / article published in 1997
6. International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (wd:Q1354623), also known as IGBP: is instance of international non-governmental organization / is instance of international non-governmental organisation / organization
7. Institute of Geosphere Dynamics (wd:Q4201496), also known as Federal State Institution of Science Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences: is instance of institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences / research institute in Moscow, Russia
8. Meteotsunami Manifestations in Geospheres (wd:Q127248250): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scholarly article
9. Geosphere fluctuations and global change—Opening (wd:Q116060232): scientific article published in December 1990 / scientific article published in December 1990 / is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / article
10. The international geosphere-biosphere program (wd:Q80913637): is instance of scholarly article / is instance of academic article / scientific article

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the journal "Geosphere" is **wd:Q15817086**, which is described as an "open-access journal", "scientific journal", and "academic journal". The other results are either unrelated (e.g., geosphere as a geological concept) or individual articles.

### Step 2: Find scholarly articles published in this journal
Scholarly articles published in a journal are typically linked via the property **P1433** ("published in") in Wikidata.

We will construct a query to find all items that:
- Are instances of scholarly article (wd:Q13442814) or similar (e.g., academic article, scientific article)
- Are published in the journal Geosphere (wd:Q15817086)
- Do **not** have an English label (rdfs:label with language "en")

Note: We must use `FILTER NOT EXISTS` to find items without an English label.

### Step 3: Construct the SPARQL query
We will:
- Select scholarly articles (`?article`) published in Geosphere.
- Ensure they are instances of scholarly article or academic article (to avoid non-article items).
- Use `FILTER NOT EXISTS` to exclude those with an English label.

Let’s write and test the query.

SELECT ?article WHERE {
  ?article wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 .
  ?article wdt:P31 ?instanceType .
  FILTER(?instanceType IN (wd:Q13442814, wd:Q7725634, wd:Q1980247)) . # scholarly article, academic article, scientific article
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?article rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") }
}

[Assistant]
The query returned one result: **wd:Q102354418**, which is a scholarly article published in the journal *Geosphere* and does not have an English label.

Let’s verify this result by listing its triples to confirm it is indeed a scholarly article published in Geosphere and lacks an English label.

list

wd:Q102354418

[Assistant]
The item **wd:Q102354418** is confirmed to be:
- A scholarly article (wd:Q13442814),
- Published in the journal *Geosphere* (wd:Q15817086),
- Has a description in **Min Nan Chinese** (`lang:nan`) but **no English label** (rdfs:label in "en" is absent).

This confirms our query is correct.

### Final Answer
There is **one** scholarly article published in the journal *Geosphere* that does not have an English label: **wd:Q102354418**.

We now return the final SPARQL query and answer.

answer

SELECT ?article WHERE {
  ?article wdt:P1433 wd:Q15817086 .
  ?article wdt:P31 ?instanceType .
  FILTER(?instanceType IN (wd:Q13442814, wd:Q7725634, wd:Q1980247)) . # scholarly article, academic article, scientific article
  FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?article rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") }
}

Answer: There is one scholarly article published in the journal Geosphere that does not have an English label: wd:Q102354418.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?person ?eloRating ?dob WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P1087 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1087 ?eloRating .
  ?stmt pq:P585 ?date .
  FILTER ( ?date >= "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime && ?date < "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) .
  ?person wdt:P569 ?dob .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?dob ) = ?eloRating )
}

Using entities:
- human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of mammal / is subclass of natural person / is subclass of omnivore / is subclass of person / is subclass of individual animal / any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo, from embryo to adult

Using properties:
- Elo rating (wd:P1087 as p/ps), also known as P1087: quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in chess / quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in classical chess
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- date of birth (wd:P569 as wdt), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.: is subproperty of date of foundation or creation / is subproperty of inception / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born
- point in time (wd:P585 as pq), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true

Answer: The only individual with an Elo rating in April 2007 equal to their year of birth is Alexandr Ponomarenko, with an Elo rating of 1993 and a date of birth of 1993-04-15.

The only individual with an Elo rating in April 2007 equal to their year of birth is Alexandr Ponomarenko, with an Elo rating of 1993 and a date of birth of 1993-04-15.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?person ?eloRating ?dob WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P1087 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1087 ?eloRating .
  ?stmt pq:P585 ?date .
  FILTER ( ?date >= "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime && ?date < "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) .
  ?person wdt:P569 ?dob .
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?dob ) = ?eloRating )
}

Using entities:
- human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of mammal / is subclass of natural person / is subclass of omnivore / is subclass of person / is subclass of individual animal / any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo, from embryo to adult

Using properties:
- Elo rating (wd:P1087 as p/ps), also known as P1087: quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in chess / quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in classical chess
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- date of birth (wd:P569 as wdt), also known as birth date, birthdate, birth year, birthyear, born, etc.: is subproperty of date of foundation or creation / is subproperty of inception / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born / date on which the subject was born
- point in time (wd:P585 as pq), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| person                              | eloRating          | dob                                 |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| Alexandr Ponomarenko (wd:Q27580000) | 1993 (xsd:decimal) | 1993-04-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Which individuals had an Elo rating in April 2007 that is exactly their year of birth, and what were their Elo ratings and dates of birth?

[Assistant]
To answer this question, we need to find individuals who meet the following criteria:

1. They have an Elo rating in April 2007.
2. That Elo rating is numerically equal to their year of birth.
3. We need to return their Elo rating, year of birth, and date of birth.

### Step 1: Understand the data model
- **Elo rating**: This is likely stored as a statement with a qualifier for the date (April 2007). We need to find the property for Elo rating. Let's search for it.
- **Date of birth**: This is typically stored using `wdt:P569`.
- **Year of birth**: We can extract the year from `wdt:P569` using SPARQL's `YEAR()` function.
- **Elo rating in April 2007**: We need to find the property for Elo rating and then use qualifiers to specify the date.

### Step 2: Search for the Elo rating property
Let’s search for properties related to "Elo rating".

Question: Elo rating

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Elo rating (wd:P1087 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv), also known as P1087: quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in classical chess / quantitative measure of one's game-playing ability, particularly in chess
2. PEGI rating (wd:P908 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv), also known as Pan European Game Information rating, P908: Continental European video game rating system / European video game content rating system
3. Qualis rank (wd:P9683 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via Qualis ranking), also known as Qualis ranking, P9683: rank of an academic journal on the Qualis/CAPES system
4. ranking (wd:P1352 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv), also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank, etc.: subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group / the subject's position in the specified rank
5. Women's World Golf Rankings player ID (wd:P12018 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via Rolex Rankings player ID), also known as Rolex Rankings player ID, WWGR player ID, P12018: identifier in Women's World Golf Rankings
6. OlimpBase FIDE ratings ID (wd:P11967 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv), also known as P11967: Elo rating ID on OlimpBase
7. IMDA rating (wd:P5201 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv), also known as IMDA classification, P5201: rating in the Singaporean film and video game rating system
8. dan/kyu rank (wd:P468 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via renju rank), also known as go rank, judo rank, kendo rank, renju rank, shogi rank, etc.: rank system used in several board games (e.g. go, shogi, renju), martial arts (e.g. judo, kendo, wushu) and some other games
9. ECF rating code (wd:P12553 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via English Chess Federation rating code), also known as English Chess Federation rating code, P12553: identifier for a chess player issued by the English Chess Federation / identifier for a chess player issued by the English Chess Federation
10. GameFAQs game ID (wd:P4769 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via GameRankings game ID), also known as GameRankings game ID, P4769: identifier for a game on GameFAQs

[Assistant]
The property `wdt:P1087` is identified as "Elo rating". This is the correct property to use.

### Step 3: Check if Elo rating statements have date qualifiers
We need to confirm that Elo ratings are stored with qualifiers for the date (e.g., April 2007). Let’s look at an example of an entity with an Elo rating to see how the date is stored.

Let’s pick a known chess player, e.g., Garry Kasparov (wd:Q13519), and list his properties related to Elo rating and date of birth.

list

wd:Q13519

[Assistant]
No direct `wdt:P1087` value for Garry Kasparov. This suggests that Elo ratings are stored as statements with qualifiers, not as direct values. So we need to use the statement pattern: `p:P1087` → `ps:P1087` → `pq:P585` (for date).

Let’s check if Garry Kasparov has any Elo rating statements with qualifiers.

wd:Q13519

[Assistant]
No statements found for Garry Kasparov under `p:P1087`. Let’s try another known chess player with a likely Elo rating, such as Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q162211).

Let’s check his Elo rating statements.

wd:Q162211

[Assistant]
Still no results. This suggests that Elo ratings might not be widely or consistently recorded in Wikidata as statements with qualifiers. Let’s check if any entity has an Elo rating statement at all.

Let’s search for any entity that has a statement with property `p:P1087` and a qualifier `pq:P585` (date).

execute

SELECT ?item ?rating ?date WHERE { ?item p:P1087 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1087 ?rating . ?stmt pq:P585 ?date . FILTER(?date >= "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && ?date < "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } LIMIT 5

[Assistant]
Great! We now know that Elo ratings are stored as statements with qualifiers for date (`pq:P585`), and there are entities with Elo ratings in April 2007.

### Step 4: Now, we need to find individuals whose **Elo rating in April 2007 equals their year of birth**.

We need to:
1. Find individuals (`wdt:P31 wd:Q5`) with an Elo rating in April 2007.
2. Extract their year of birth from `wdt:P569`.
3. Compare the Elo rating (as a number) with the year of birth (as a number).
4. Return the person, their Elo rating, and their date of birth.

We'll write a SPARQL query that:
- Uses `p:P1087 / ps:P1087 / pq:P585` to get the Elo rating and date.
- Filters for April 2007.
- Joins with `wdt:P569` to get the date of birth.
- Uses `YEAR()` to extract the year from `wdt:P569`.
- Compares the Elo rating (as integer) with the birth year.
- Returns the individual, their Elo rating, and date of birth.

Let’s construct the query:

SELECT ?person ?eloRating ?dob WHERE { ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . ?person p:P1087 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1087 ?eloRating . ?stmt pq:P585 ?date . FILTER(?date >= "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && ?date < "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) . ?person wdt:P569 ?dob . FILTER(YEAR(?dob) = ?eloRating) }

[Assistant]
We have found one individual who satisfies the condition:

- **Alexandr Ponomarenko** (wd:Q27580000)
  - **Elo rating in April 2007**: 1993
  - **Date of birth**: 1993-04-15

The year of birth (1993) matches the Elo rating (1993).

### Final Answer:
The only individual with an Elo rating in April 2007 equal to their year of birth is **Alexandr Ponomarenko**, with an Elo rating of **1993** and a date of birth of **1993-04-15**.

Now, we return the final SPARQL query and answer.

answer

SELECT ?person ?eloRating ?dob WHERE { ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . ?person p:P1087 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1087 ?eloRating . ?stmt pq:P585 ?date . FILTER(?date >= "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && ?date < "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) . ?person wdt:P569 ?dob . FILTER(YEAR(?dob) = ?eloRating) }

Answer: The only individual with an Elo rating in April 2007 equal to their year of birth is Alexandr Ponomarenko, with an Elo rating of 1993 and a date of birth of 1993-04-15.