PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?person ?label WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P734 wd:Q37069298 .
  ?person rdfs:label ?label .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" ) .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?label ) , "bertha" ) )
}

Using entities:
- Krupp (wd:Q37069298): is instance of family name / is instance of surname / family name / family name / surname
- human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of mammal / is subclass of natural person / is subclass of omnivore / is subclass of person / is subclass of individual animal / any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo, from embryo to adult

Using properties:
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- family name (wd:P734 as wdt), also known as clan name, last name, surname, P734: is subproperty of name / last name or family name of a person / part of full name of person / part of full name of person

Answer: The individuals with the family name Krupp (Q37069298) and "Bertha" in their label are Bertha Eichhoff (Q114505809) and Bertha Krupp (Q66505).

The individuals with the family name Krupp (Q37069298) and "Bertha" in their label are Bertha Eichhoff (Q114505809) and Bertha Krupp (Q66505).

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?person ?label WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P734 wd:Q37069298 .
  ?person rdfs:label ?label .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" ) .
  FILTER ( CONTAINS( LCASE( ?label ) , "bertha" ) )
}

Using entities:
- Krupp (wd:Q37069298): is instance of family name / is instance of surname / family name / family name / surname
- human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of mammal / is subclass of natural person / is subclass of omnivore / is subclass of person / is subclass of individual animal / any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo, from embryo to adult

Using properties:
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- family name (wd:P734 as wdt), also known as clan name, last name, surname, P734: is subproperty of name / last name or family name of a person / part of full name of person / part of full name of person

Execution result:
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| person                          | label                     |
| ------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Bertha Eichhoff (wd:Q114505809) | Bertha Eichhoff (lang:en) |
| Bertha Krupp (wd:Q66505)        | Bertha Krupp (lang:en)    |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Who has the family name Krupp (the QID Q37069298) and also have "Bertha" somewhere in their label?

[Assistant]
To answer the question, we need to find individuals (humans) who have the family name "Krupp" (Q37069298) and whose label contains "Bertha".

### Step 1: Understand the requirements
- We are looking for humans (instance of Q5).
- The family name is given as Q37069298. In Wikidata, family names are typically represented using the property "family name" (P734).
- We need to find entities whose label (rdfs:label) contains the string "Bertha".
- We need to ensure the label is in English (FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en")).

### Step 2: Verify the family name property
We need to confirm that P734 (family name) is the correct property for "Krupp". Let's search for the property and verify its usage.

Question: family name

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. family name (wd:P734 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv), also known as clan name, last name, surname, P734: last name or family name of a person / part of full name of person / part of full name of person / is subproperty of name
2. infix (wd:P7377 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via family name affix), also known as family name affix, family name prefix, P7377: component of Dutch family name or similar of other languages, ... Note differences in capitalization and affixation (spaces)
3. family name identical to this given name (wd:P1533 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via corresponding family name), also known as corresponding family name, corresponding surname, family name identical to this first name, last name identical to this first name, related family name, etc.: last name that is the same as a given first name. Use on items for given names / last name that is the same as a given first name. Use on items for given names / last name that is the same as a given first name. Use on items for given names / is subproperty of different from
4. author last names (wd:P9688 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via last name), also known as author last name, last name, last names, surname, surnames, etc.: qualifier to provide string representation of family or ... in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX) / is subproperty of family name / is subproperty of surname
5. Philippine middle name (wd:P12330 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via maternal family name), also known as Filipino maternal family name, Filipino maternal surname, Filipino middle name, maternal family name, maternal surname, etc.: maternal surname generally placed in the middle of this person's name / is subproperty of name
6. generational suffix (wd:P8017 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via family suffix), also known as age suffix, family suffix, Jr., Junior, Senior, etc.: suffix used in name
7. second family name in Spanish name (wd:P1950 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via second family name), also known as maternal family name in Spanish name, second family name, second Spanish name, second surname, second surname in Spanish name, etc.: second (generally maternal) family name in Spanish names (do not use for other double barrelled names) and in some French names. / second (generally maternal) family name in Spanish names (do not use for other double barrelled names) / second (generally maternal) surname in Spanish names (do not use for other double barrelled names) / is subproperty of family name / is subproperty of surname
8. surname for other gender (wd:P5278 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via female surname), also known as family name for other gender, female surname, gender inflection of family name, gender inflection of matronymic, gender inflection of patronymic, etc.: gender inflection of surname, patronymic or matronymic
9. birth name (wd:P1477 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via birthname), also known as birthname, bn, bname, born as, full birth name, etc.: full name of a person at birth, if different from their ... John Peter Doe for Joe Doe, Ann Smith for Ann Miller) / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name / full name of a person at birth, if different from their current name / is subproperty of name
10. author given names (wd:P9687 as psn/wdtn/p/prv/prn/pq/ps/psv/pr/wdt/pqn/pqv, matched via first name), also known as author first name, author first names, first name, given name, given names, etc.: qualifier for string representation of given or secondary ... in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX) / is subproperty of given name

[Assistant]
The property P734 ("family name") is the correct property to use for linking individuals to the family name "Krupp" (Q37069298).

### Step 3: Search for entities with family name "Krupp" (Q37069298)
We will now search for entities that have P734 (family name) set to Q37069298 and are humans (P31 = Q5). We will also check if their label contains "Bertha".

Let's construct a SPARQL query to find such entities:
- Filter for humans (wdt:P31 wd:Q5).
- Use wdt:P734 wd:Q37069298 to find those with the family name Krupp.
- Use rdfs:label to get the label and filter for those containing "Bertha" (using CONTAINS and LANG filter for English).

### Step 4: Write and execute the SPARQL query
We will now execute the SPARQL query to find humans with family name Krupp and label containing "Bertha".

execute

SELECT ?person ?label WHERE { ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P734 wd:Q37069298 . ?person rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") . FILTER(CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "bertha")) }

[Assistant]
The query returned two results:
1. **Bertha Eichhoff** (Q114505809) — This person has the family name "Eichhoff," not "Krupp." This is a mismatch. The family name property (P734) is incorrectly linked to Q37069298 (Krupp) for this entity, or there is an error in the data.
2. **Bertha Krupp** (Q66505) — This person has the family name "Krupp" (Q37069298) and the label "Bertha Krupp," which contains "Bertha."

We need to verify whether Bertha Eichhoff actually has the family name Krupp. Let's inspect the triples for Bertha Eichhoff (Q114505809) to confirm if P734 is correctly set to Q37069298.

list

wd:Q114505809

[Assistant]
Ah, this reveals an issue: **Bertha Eichhoff (Q114505809)** has **two** family names listed:
1. Eichhoff (Q109326007)
2. Krupp (Q37069298)

This means she **does** have Krupp as a family name (likely from marriage or ancestry), and her label contains "Bertha". So she qualifies.

Similarly, **Bertha Krupp (Q66505)** has Krupp as her family name and her label contains "Bertha".

Thus, **both individuals** satisfy the condition:
- They are humans (P31 = Q5).
- They have Krupp (Q37069298) as a family name (P734).
- Their English label contains "Bertha".

### Final Answer
The individuals who have the family name Krupp (Q37069298) and have "Bertha" in their label are:
1. **Bertha Eichhoff** (Q114505809)
2. **Bertha Krupp** (Q66505)

We will now provide the final SPARQL query and answer.

answer

SELECT ?person ?label WHERE { ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 ; wdt:P734 wd:Q37069298 . ?person rdfs:label ?label . FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en") . FILTER(CONTAINS(LCASE(?label), "bertha")) }

Answer: The individuals with the family name Krupp (Q37069298) and "Bertha" in their label are Bertha Eichhoff (Q114505809) and Bertha Krupp (Q66505).