PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?case ?caseLabel WHERE {
  ?case wdt:P31 wd:Q19692072 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?case rdfs:label ?caseLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?caseLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 10

Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| case                                                        | caseLabel                                        |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Trump v. New York (wd:Q100496432)                           | Trump v. New York (en)                           |
| New Hampshire v. Maine (wd:Q101093598)                      | New Hampshire v. Maine (en)                      |
| Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (wd:Q102532067) | Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (en) |
| EEOC v. Wyoming (wd:Q104672335)                             | EEOC v. Wyoming (en)                             |
| Bogan v. Scott-Harris (wd:Q104821362)                       | Bogan v. Scott-Harris (en)                       |
| Tyler v. Cain (wd:Q104822251)                               | Tyler v. Cain (en)                               |
| Office of Senator Mark Dayton v. Hanson (wd:Q104822282)     | Office of Senator Mark Dayton v. Hanson (en)     |
| Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC (wd:Q104829763)         | Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC (en)         |
| Beck v. Washington (wd:Q104830314)                          | Beck v. Washington (en)                          |
| Allen v. State Bd. of Elections (wd:Q104830455)             | Allen v. State Bd. of Elections (en)             |

These are some examples of United States Supreme Court cases:
- Trump v. New York
- New Hampshire v. Maine
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
- EEOC v. Wyoming
- Bogan v. Scott-Harris
- Tyler v. Cain
- Office of Senator Mark Dayton v. Hanson
- Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC
- Beck v. Washington
- Allen v. State Bd. of Elections

The SPARQL query retrieves instances of United States Supreme Court decisions with their English labels.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the supreme court cases?

[Assistant]
The user is asking "what are the supreme court cases?" This is a broad question. The term "Supreme Court cases" could refer to cases decided by a supreme court, but it is not specified which country's supreme court. The most commonly referenced supreme court is the United States Supreme Court. However, there are many countries with their own supreme courts.

To provide a meaningful answer, I should clarify or assume the context. Since the user did not specify, I will assume the user is asking about the United States Supreme Court cases.

The question "what are the supreme court cases?" is broad and could mean listing notable supreme court cases or all supreme court cases. Since listing all is impractical, I will interpret it as "What are some notable United States Supreme Court cases?"

I will first search for the entity "United States Supreme Court" in Wikidata to get its identifier. Then I will look for cases decided by that court.

Step 1: Search for "United States Supreme Court" entity in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Supreme Court of the United States, also known as US Supreme Court, U.S. Supreme Court, United States Supreme Court, Supreme Court of the U.S., SCOTUS (wd:Q11201): highest court of jurisdiction in the United States
2. United States Supreme Court Building, also known as Supreme Court of the United States building, US Supreme Court Building, U.S. Supreme Court Building, Supreme Court Building, SCOTUS building (wd:Q1579670): seat of the Supreme Court of the United States of America
3. United States Supreme Court justice, also known as Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States, Justices of the United States Supreme Court (wd:Q20706330): Chief Justice and associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
4. United States Supreme Court decision, also known as Supreme Court decision, US Supreme Court cases, US Supreme Court case, United States Supreme Court case, United States Supreme Court cases (wd:Q19692072): decision rendered by the highest court of the United States
5. United States Virgin Islands Supreme Court (wd:Q7892270): highest court in the territory of the United States Virgin Islands
6. U. S. Supreme Court docket number, also known as SCOTUS docket number, United States Supreme Court docket number (wd:Q124253590): identifier for a case filed at the Supreme Court of the United States
7. Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q111322218): publication published on 01 March 1877
8. U. S. Supreme Court docket number, also known as United States Supreme Court docket number, SCOTUS docket number (wd:P7063): identifier for a case filed at the Supreme Court of the United States
9. Supreme Court Police, also known as Supreme Court of the United States Police (wd:Q2368305): law enforcement agency for the U.S. Supreme Court
10. history of the Supreme Court of the United States, also known as Supreme Court of the United States history, the Supreme Court of the United States history (wd:Q9004199): aspect of history

[Assistant]
I found the entity for the Supreme Court of the United States: wd:Q11201. There is also an entity for United States Supreme Court decision (cases): wd:Q19692072.

Next, I want to find cases decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. I will look for items that are instances of "United States Supreme Court decision" (wd:Q19692072). This should give me some examples of Supreme Court cases.

I will write a query to get some Supreme Court cases with their labels.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://wikiba.se:80/ontology#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The query failed because the SERVICE wikibase:label is not supported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoint. I will rewrite the query without using SERVICE wikibase:label and instead use optional rdfs:label with a filter for English language.

I will try again to get some Supreme Court cases with their English labels.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| case                                                        | caseLabel                                        |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Trump v. New York (wd:Q100496432)                           | Trump v. New York (en)                           |
| New Hampshire v. Maine (wd:Q101093598)                      | New Hampshire v. Maine (en)                      |
| Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (wd:Q102532067) | Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (en) |
| EEOC v. Wyoming (wd:Q104672335)                             | EEOC v. Wyoming (en)                             |
| Bogan v. Scott-Harris (wd:Q104821362)                       | Bogan v. Scott-Harris (en)                       |
| Tyler v. Cain (wd:Q104822251)                               | Tyler v. Cain (en)                               |
| Office of Senator Mark Dayton v. Hanson (wd:Q104822282)     | Office of Senator Mark Dayton v. Hanson (en)     |
| Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC (wd:Q104829763)         | Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC (en)         |
| Beck v. Washington (wd:Q104830314)                          | Beck v. Washington (en)                          |
| Allen v. State Bd. of Elections (wd:Q104830455)             | Allen v. State Bd. of Elections (en)             |

[Assistant]
I found some examples of United States Supreme Court cases with their labels:
- Trump v. New York
- New Hampshire v. Maine
- Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo
- EEOC v. Wyoming
- Bogan v. Scott-Harris
- Tyler v. Cain
- Office of Senator Mark Dayton v. Hanson
- Kentucky Retirement Systems v. EEOC
- Beck v. Washington
- Allen v. State Bd. of Elections

These are instances of United States Supreme Court decisions.

I will now provide a final answer with a SPARQL query that retrieves some Supreme Court cases with their labels.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves instances of United States Supreme Court decisions and their English labels, which directly answers the user's question about Supreme Court cases. The query uses the appropriate class (wd:Q19692072) for US Supreme Court decisions and includes labels in English. The result provides a relevant list of cases as examples. The query and answer are complete and accurate, following the rules for returning identifiers and labels. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q244 wdt:P38 ?currency .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?currencyLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The currency to take to Barbados is the Barbadian dollar.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what currency to take to barbados?

[Assistant] To answer the question "What currency to take to Barbados?", I need to find the official currency used in Barbados. I will start by searching for the entity "Barbados" in Wikidata to get its identifier. Then I will look for the property that indicates the official currency of a country. Finally, I will query the currency used in Barbados.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Barbados, also known as 🇧🇧, BAR, Barbadoes, bb, BB (wd:Q244): island nation in the Caribbean
2. Barbados (wd:Q807306): Swedish dansband
3. Barbados (wd:Q4858589): single by Typically Tropical
4. Barbados (wd:Q4858586): musical composition by Charlie Parker
5. Barbados (wd:Q10426260): 1995 studio album by Barbados
6. Barbados (wd:Q16950300): song
7. Barbados (wd:Q2649101): plantation in Surinam
8. Barbados (wd:Q98687855): jazz blues by Charlie Parker
9. Barbados (wd:Q74608067): scientific article published on 01 June 1987
10. Barbados (wd:Q59508554): painting by J.E.H. MacDonald

[Assistant] The entity for Barbados as an island nation in the Caribbean is wd:Q244. Next, I will search for the property that indicates the official currency of a country. I will search for properties related to "currency" to find the appropriate property to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): currency used by item, uses
2. ISO 4217 code, also known as currency code, ISO 4217, ISO 4217 alphabetic code, ISO currency code (wd:P498 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): identifier for a currency per ISO 4217
3. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
4. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): amount in a specific currency
5. cash (wd:P2232 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): the value of cash and securities held by a state government
6. currency symbol description (wd:P489 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): item with description of currency symbol, notation
7. face value, also known as coin value, numeric value of coin, value of coin (wd:P3934 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): value printed on a coin, stamp or banknote by the issuing authority
8. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
9. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
10. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant

[Assistant] The property "currency" (wdt:P38) is the appropriate property to indicate the currency used by an item. Now I will query the currency used by Barbados (wd:Q244) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency                      | currencyLabel         |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Barbadian dollar (wd:Q194351) | Barbadian dollar (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the currency used by Barbados (wd:Q244) using the property 'currency' (wdt:P38). The query also optionally fetches the English label of the currency, which is the Barbadian dollar (wd:Q194351). The answer provided is accurate and complete, matching the query result. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?inception WHERE {
  wd:Q650840 wdt:P571 ?inception .
}

The Philadelphia Phillies began in the year 1883.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year did the phillies begin?

[Assistant]
The user is asking for the year the "Phillies" began. "Phillies" likely refers to the Philadelphia Phillies, a professional baseball team.

Step 1: Identify the entity "Phillies" as the Philadelphia Phillies baseball team.
Step 2: Identify the property related to the founding or start year of the team.
Step 3: Query the knowledge graph for the founding year of the Philadelphia Phillies.

I will start by searching for the entity "Phillies" in Wikidata to confirm the exact entity for the Philadelphia Phillies.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Philadelphia Phillies, also known as Phillies, Quakers, Phils, Philadelphia Quakers (wd:Q650840): baseball team in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Major League Baseball team
2. Philadelphia Phillies, also known as Philadelphia Quakers, Phillies, Quakers, Phils (wd:Q650840): baseball team in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Major League Baseball team
3. Phillies (wd:Q7185587): American cigar brand
4. Phillies (wd:Q107656842): family name
5. Clearwater Threshers, also known as Clearwater Phillies (wd:Q5130963): minor league baseball team in Clearwater, Florida
6. Reading Fightin Phils, also known as Reading Fightins, Reading Phillies, Reading Phils, R-Phils (wd:Q3381063): minor league baseball team in Reading, Pennsylvania, U.S.
7. Bend Phillies (wd:Q104841273): minor League Baseball team
8. Huron Phillies (wd:Q56274813): Minor League Baseball team
9. George D. Phillies, also known as George Phillies, GD Phillies (wd:Q74468672): researcher, politician
10. Dothan Phillies (wd:Q16962478): Minor League Baseball team

[Assistant] The Philadelphia Phillies baseball team is identified as wd:Q650840 in Wikidata. Now I will search for the property that indicates the year the team began or was founded. I will search for properties related to "start year" or "founded" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as p/wdt): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one
3. head coach, also known as team manager, trainer, senior coach, manager, coached by (wd:P286 as p/wdt): on-field manager or head coach of a sports club (not to be confu...eneral manager P505, which is not a coaching position) or person
4. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as p/wdt): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "inception" (wd:P571) corresponds to the time when an entity begins to exist and is suitable for the founding or start year of the Philadelphia Phillies.

I will now write a SPARQL query to get the inception year of the Philadelphia Phillies (wd:Q650840).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| inception                           |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1883-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the inception date (P571) of the Philadelphia Phillies (Q650840) from Wikidata, which is the founding year of the team. The answer '1883' matches the query result and is accurate. The query is simple, direct, and returns the correct identifier and date. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?voiceActor ?voiceActorLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q12206942 wdt:P725 ?voiceActor .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?voiceActor rdfs:label ?voiceActorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?voiceActorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| voiceActor                     | voiceActorLabel       |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| James Earl Jones (wd:Q203960)  | James Earl Jones (en) |
| Jean-Louis Faure (wd:Q3166756) | Jean-Louis Faure (en) |
| Philippe Catoire (wd:Q3379526) | Philippe Catoire (en) |

The main voice actor who voiced Darth Vader in the original Star Wars movies is James Earl Jones. Other voice actors include Jean-Louis Faure and Philippe Catoire, who likely provided voices for dubbed versions.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who voiced darth vader in the original star wars movies?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who voiced Darth Vader in the original Star Wars movies?", I need to identify the entity for "Darth Vader" and find the property related to the voice actor or voice actor role for this character in the original Star Wars movies.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Darth Vader" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Darth Vader, also known as Anakin Skywalker, Vader, Lord Vader (wd:Q12206942): main villain of the Star Wars Trilogy, commander-in-chief, starship pilot, mass murderer, war criminal, swordfighter, knight
2. Darth Vader, also known as Darth Oleksiyovych Vader (wd:Q15995646): Ukrainian politician, politician
3. Darth Vader, also known as 1978 Darth Vader (wd:Q125307067): 1978 Star Wars miniature action figure
4. Darth Vader (wd:Q47512405): painting by Marshall Arisman
5. Darth Vader Grotesque (wd:Q5225625): artwork by Jay Hall Carpenter
6. Darth & Vader (wd:Q19705315)
7. The Imperial March, also known as Darth Vader's Theme, Imperial March (wd:Q2061833): musical theme composed by John Williams for the 1980 film "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back"
8. Star Wars: Darth Vader (wd:Q30895582): American comic book series
9. Darth Vader's lightsaber, also known as Darth Vader's laser sword (wd:Q109322280): fictional weapon from Star Wars
10. Shawn Rescues Darth Vader (wd:Q50814533): episode of Psych (S6 E1)

[Assistant] The entity "Darth Vader" relevant to the original Star Wars movies is wd:Q12206942. Next, I need to find the property that relates to the voice actor or the person who voiced this character. I will search for properties related to "voice actor" or "voiced by" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. voice actor, also known as voice actors, voice dubber, voice actress, voice actresses, voiced by (wd:P725 as p/wdt): performer of a spoken role in a creative work such as animation,... (P453) as qualifier] [use "cast member" (P161) for live acting], film crew member, cast member
2. Behind The Voice Actors character ID, also known as Behind The Voice Actors character identifier, BTVA character ID, BTVA character identifier (wd:P5107 as p/wdt): identifier of a character from the Behind The Voice Actors website
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as p/wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
5. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as p/wdt): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as p/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
8. theme music, also known as theme song (wd:P942 as p/wdt): theme music/song used by the item
9. superhuman feature or ability, also known as has superpower, magic, magic ability, magical ability, supernatural abilities (wd:P2563 as p/wdt): superhuman, supernatural, or paranormal abilities that the fictional subject exhibits, uses
10. member of the crew of, also known as crewmember of, crew of, member of crew, served aboard, ship appointments (wd:P5096 as p/wdt): person who has been a member of a crew associated with the vesse...e of crew member (P1029), backup or reserve team or crew (P3015), member of

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "voice actor" (wdt:P725) is the relevant property to find the performer who voiced the character Darth Vader. Now I will construct a SPARQL query to find the voice actor(s) for Darth Vader (wd:Q12206942) using the property wdt:P725.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| voiceActor                     | voiceActorLabel       |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| James Earl Jones (wd:Q203960)  | James Earl Jones (en) |
| Jean-Louis Faure (wd:Q3166756) | Jean-Louis Faure (en) |
| Philippe Catoire (wd:Q3379526) | Philippe Catoire (en) |

[Assistant]
The voice actors for Darth Vader in the original Star Wars movies include James Earl Jones, Jean-Louis Faure, and Philippe Catoire. James Earl Jones is the most well-known English voice actor for Darth Vader. Jean-Louis Faure and Philippe Catoire likely provided the voice for dubbed versions in other languages.

I will now provide the final answer with the main voice actor James Earl Jones.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the voice actors for Darth Vader from Wikidata, including James Earl Jones, who is the main voice actor in the original Star Wars movies. The answer also appropriately mentions other voice actors likely involved in dubbed versions. The query respects the requirement to return identifiers and labels, and the answer is complete and accurate based on the data. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?vicePresident ?vicePresidentLabel WHERE {
  ?vicePresident p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q11699 ; pq:P580 ?startTime .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?endTime .
  }
  FILTER ( ?startTime <= "1963-11-22T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime && ( ! BOUND( ?endTime ) || ?endTime > "1961-01-20T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?vicePresident rdfs:label ?vicePresidentLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?vicePresidentLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
LIMIT 5

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) |

The Vice President of the United States during John F. Kennedy's presidency (1961-1963) was Lyndon B. Johnson.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who was vice president when jfk was president?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who was vice president when JFK was president?", I will follow these steps:

1. Identify the entity for JFK (John F. Kennedy) in Wikidata.
2. Find the property that links a president to their vice president.
3. Query the vice president(s) who served during JFK's presidency.

First, I will search for the entity corresponding to John F. Kennedy in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. John F. Kennedy, also known as John Kennedy, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John F Kennedy, Kennedy, President Kennedy (wd:Q9696): President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, anti-communist, naval officer, statesperson, journalist, politician, writer
2. John F. Kennedy, also known as CVN-79, PCU John F. Kennedy, USS John F. Kennedy (wd:Q240666): 2019 Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier
3. MV John F. Kennedy, also known as IMO 8643195, John F. Kennedy (wd:Q29378914): Staten Island Ferry vessel.
4. John F Kennedy (wd:Q22006430): horse
5. John F. Kennedy (wd:Q130973914): sculpture by Evangelos Frudakis
6. John F. Kennedy, also known as John Flanders Kennedy (wd:Q28836957): American politician and member of the Georgia State Senate, politician
7. John F Kennedy (wd:Q42586306): cultural heritage monument in Aruba
8. Rosa 'John F. Kennedy', also known as John F. Kennedy (wd:Q83668459): rose cultivar
9. John F. Kennedy (wd:Q80912685): scientific article published on 01 November 1963
10. John F. Kennedy (wd:Q78526936): edition; published in 1997

[Assistant]
The entity for John F. Kennedy, the President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, is wd:Q9696.

Next, I will search for the property that links a president to their vice president. I will search for properties related to "vice president" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. substitute/deputy/replacement of office/officeholder, also known as deputy office, vice position, vice office, substitute office, replacement office (wd:P2098 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): function that serves as deputy/replacement of this function/office (scope/conditions vary depending on office)
2. Vie publique person ID, also known as ViePublique, VP (wd:P7676 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): identifier for a public personality on Vie publique
3. head of state, also known as leader, state headed by, monarch, president, queen (wd:P35 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): official with the highest formal authority in a country/state, director / manager, chairperson
4. rector, also known as chancellor, university president, Rector (academia), president (wd:P1075 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): senior official in an educational institution., director / manager, chairperson
5. chairperson, also known as dean, headed by, leader, president, chairwoman (wd:P488 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): presiding member of an organization, group or body, director / manager, significant person
6. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
7. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): position of the head of this item
8. vice-county, also known as Praeger vice-county, Watsonian vice-county, vice county (wd:P1887 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): geographical delineation utilized for biological records in the British Isles
9. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): persons who hold and/or held the position
10. office held by head of state, also known as head of state, position held by head of state, state headed by (wd:P1906 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): political office that is fulfilled by the head of state of this item

[Assistant]
The property that links a president to their vice president is not directly clear from the top results. However, the property "position held by" (wdt:P39) is commonly used to indicate the office held by a person, and the office of "Vice President of the United States" can be linked through this property.

I will now check the position held by John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) to confirm his presidency and then find the vice president during that time by looking for the vice president position holders during JFK's presidency period.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property                | object                                                              |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) | position held (wdt:P39) | President of the United States (wd:Q11696)                          |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) | position held (wdt:P39) | President-elect of the United States (wd:Q1467287)                  |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090)                                 |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) | position held (wdt:P39) | member of the United States House of Representatives (wd:Q13218630) |

[Assistant]
John F. Kennedy held the position of "President of the United States" (wd:Q11696).

Next, I will find the vice presidents who held the position of "Vice President of the United States" during the time JFK was president. To do this, I will first find the entity for "Vice President of the United States" and then find the persons who held this position overlapping with JFK's presidency term.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Vice President of the United States, also known as President of the Senate, President of the United States Senate, United States Vice President, United States VP, USA VP (wd:Q11699): second-highest constitutional office in the United States
2. Office of the Vice President of the United States, also known as Vice President's Ceremonial Office (wd:Q41160554): U.S. federal government office of the vice president of the United States
3. Second Lady or Gentleman of the United States, also known as SGOTUS, wife of the Vice President of the United States, SSOTUS, spouse of the Vice President of the United States, SLOTUS (wd:Q280808): spouse of the vice president of the United States
4. Vice President-elect of the United States (wd:Q106946815): elected candidate for vice president of the United States in the time before inauguration
5. flag of the vice president of the United States (wd:Q5456903): flag used by U.S. vice presidents
6. Vice President Oath of Office, also known as Oath of office of the vice president of the United States (wd:Q25351482): Oath taken by the new Vice president of the United States
7. Seal of the Vice President of the United States, also known as the Vice President of the United States seal, Vice President of the United States seal (wd:Q7440595)
8. Acting Vice President of the United States (wd:Q4676868)
9. Living vice presidents of the United States (wd:Q60740651)
10. Chief of Staff to the Vice President of the United States (wd:Q5097041): chief of staff position within the Office of the Vice President of the United States

[Assistant]
The entity for "Vice President of the United States" is wd:Q11699.

Now, I will find the persons who held the position of Vice President of the United States (wd:Q11699) during the time John F. Kennedy was president. To do this, I will query for people who held the position "Vice President of the United States" with a time period overlapping JFK's presidency (1961-1963). I will first check the property for the start and end time of the position held.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
4. earliest date, also known as no earlier than, terminus post quem, start date (earliest), on or after this date, minimum date (wd:P1319 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): earliest date at which an event could have happened. Use as qualifier for other date properties
5. UTC date of spacecraft launch, also known as time of spacecraft launch, spacecraft launch time, spacecraft launch date, launch time, launch date (wd:P619 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): date of spacecraft launch in UTC
6. refine date, also known as date refinement, exact time, hour, local time, quarter (wd:P4241 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): qualifier to narrow down the precision of a date not fully specified by the Wikidata time datatype precision field
7. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
8. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
9. start point, also known as start location, launch pad, launch site, starting place, starting point (wd:P1427 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): starting place of this journey, flight, voyage, trek, migration etc., source of transfer, location
10. opening time, also known as hour opens, opens at, opening hour, open hour (wd:P8626 as pqn/psv/wdt/p/pq/prn/pr/psn/ps/prv/pqv/wdtn): time when an establishment or attraction opens, qualifier for P3025

[Assistant]
The property for the start time of a position held is "start time" (wdt:P580) and for the end time is likely "end time" (wdt:P582).

I will now write a query to find the vice president(s) who held the position of Vice President of the United States (wd:Q11699) with a time period overlapping John F. Kennedy's presidency (1961-1963). I will check for position held (wdt:P39) with qualifiers start time (wdt:P580) and end time (wdt:P582) within the range of JFK's presidency.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query returned no results, which might be due to the exact dates or the way the qualifiers are stored. I will try a different approach: I will look for vice presidents who held the position of Vice President of the United States (wd:Q11699) and check if their term overlaps with JFK's presidency using a broader date range or without the end time qualifier first. I will also check if the start or end time qualifiers are missing and consider only the start time for now.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 4 columns:
| vicePresident               | vicePresidentLabel | startTime | endTime |
| --------------------------- | ------------------ | --------- | ------- |
| Noah Daniels (wd:Q10337170) |                    |           |         |
| Jack Ryan (wd:Q1068314)     |                    |           |         |
| Hal Gardner (wd:Q14921631)  |                    |           |         |
| Eric Baker (wd:Q24037752)   |                    |           |         |
| Bob Russell (wd:Q4933846)   |                    |           |         |
| Charles Logan (wd:Q860234)  |                    |           |         |
| John Hoynes (wd:Q9012447)   |                    |           |         |

[Assistant]
The query returned several vice presidents, but none of them have start or end times specified, and the names do not match historical vice presidents of the United States. This might be due to fictional or incorrect data.

I will try a different approach: I will query the vice president directly linked to John F. Kennedy's presidency using the property "vice president" (wdt:P1344) which is used to link a person to the office they held and the vice president during that time. I will check if John F. Kennedy has a vice president linked with this property.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property                   | object                                                      |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) | participant in (wdt:P1344) | commencement at the University of Notre Dame (wd:Q30682387) |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696) | participant in (wdt:P1344) | commencement at the American University (wd:Q100146196)     |

[Assistant]
The property "participant in" (wdt:P1344) does not link John F. Kennedy to his vice president.

I will try another property that might link a president to their vice president. I will search for properties related to "vice president" specifically for the entity John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
3. candidacy in election, also known as ran in election, running in election, election candidacy, candidate in election, candidate in (wd:P3602 as p/wdt): election where the subject is a candidate, participant in
4. nominated for, also known as nominee for, shortlisted for, selected for award, selected for, nominee for award (wd:P1411 as p/wdt): award nomination received by a person, organisation or creative work (inspired from "award received" (Property:P166))
5. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as p/wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as p/wdt): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
9. allegiance, also known as ally of, fidelity, loyal to, loyalty, supporter of (wd:P945 as p/wdt): country (or other power) that the person or group serves
10. godparent, also known as godfather, godmother (wd:P1290 as p/wdt): person who is the godparent of a given person, relative

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no direct property linking John F. Kennedy to his vice president.

I will try another approach: I will find the term of John F. Kennedy as President of the United States and then find the Vice President of the United States who held the position during that term by querying the position holders of Vice President of the United States with start and end times overlapping JFK's presidency term.

First, I will get the start and end time of John F. Kennedy's presidency.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| startTime                           | endTime                             |
| ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| 1961-01-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1963-11-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
John F. Kennedy's presidency started on 1961-01-20 and ended on 1963-11-22.

Now, I will find the Vice President of the United States who held the position during this time period by querying for position holders of Vice President of the United States (wd:Q11699) with start and end times overlapping JFK's presidency.

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
Error while executing a SERVICE request to <http://www.w3.org:80/2000/01/rdf-schema#label>: SERVICE responded with HTTP status code: 301, Moved Permanently. First 100 bytes of the response: '<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently'

[Assistant]
The query failed due to the use of SERVICE for labels, which is not supported by the endpoint. I will rewrite the query to get the labels using rdfs:label with an optional clause instead.

I will now retry the query to find the Vice President of the United States during JFK's presidency with rdfs:label for the vice president's name.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588)     | Richard Nixon (en)     |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) |

[Assistant]
The vice presidents who held the position of Vice President of the United States during John F. Kennedy's presidency (1961-1963) were Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588) and Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640).

However, historically, Richard Nixon was not vice president during JFK's presidency; he was vice president before JFK's term. The correct vice president during JFK's presidency was Lyndon B. Johnson.

I will refine the query to exclude vice presidents whose term ended before JFK's presidency started.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588)     | Richard Nixon (en)     |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) |

[Assistant] The refined query still returns Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson. To further refine, I will explicitly exclude vice presidents whose end time is before JFK's presidency start date (1961-01-20). I will filter out those with endTime less than 1961-01-20.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, likely due to the repeated redundant filters.

I will simplify the filter to exclude vice presidents whose end time is before JFK's presidency start date (1961-01-20). I will filter out those with endTime less than 1961-01-20 and keep those with endTime greater or equal to 1961-01-20 or no endTime specified.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588)     | Richard Nixon (en)     |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) |

[Assistant]
The simplified filter still returns Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson.

Since Richard Nixon was vice president before JFK's presidency and Lyndon B. Johnson was vice president during JFK's presidency, I will check the start and end times for both to distinguish the correct vice president during JFK's term. I will query the start and end times for both Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson as Vice Presidents of the United States.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     | startTime                           | endTime                             |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588)     | Richard Nixon (en)     | 1953-01-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1961-01-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) | 1961-01-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1963-11-22T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the Vice Presidents who held office overlapping with JFK's presidency (1961-1963). However, it returns both Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson, while only Lyndon B. Johnson was Vice President during JFK's actual presidency. Richard Nixon was Vice President before JFK's term. To improve accuracy, the query should be refined to restrict the time interval strictly to JFK's presidency dates (1961-01-20 to 1963-11-22) and exclude any vice presidents whose term ended before JFK's presidency started. This will ensure only the correct Vice President(s) during JFK's presidency are returned.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I understand that the query should strictly restrict the vice president's term to overlap with JFK's presidency dates (1961-01-20 to 1963-11-22) and exclude any vice presidents whose term ended before JFK's presidency started.

I will refine the query to ensure the vice president's term start is on or before JFK's presidency end date, and the term end is on or after JFK's presidency start date, effectively capturing only those who served during JFK's presidency.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588)     | Richard Nixon (en)     |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) |

[Assistant]
The refined query still returns both Richard Nixon and Lyndon B. Johnson. This is because Richard Nixon's term ended exactly on the day JFK's presidency started (1961-01-20), so it is included.

To exclude Richard Nixon, I will modify the filter to require the vice president's end time to be strictly greater than JFK's presidency start date (1961-01-20), not equal. This will exclude vice presidents whose term ended exactly on the start date of JFK's presidency.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| vicePresident                | vicePresidentLabel     |
| ---------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640) | Lyndon B. Johnson (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies Lyndon B. Johnson as the Vice President of the United States during John F. Kennedy's presidency by filtering the position held with appropriate start and end times. The query returns the correct entity and label, and the answer matches historical facts. The query follows best practices by returning the identifier and label optionally. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel WHERE {
  ?person p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q17989863 .
  ?statement pq:P580 ?startDate .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?endDate
  }
  FILTER ( YEAR( ?startDate ) <= 2011 && ( ! BOUND( ?endDate ) || YEAR( ?endDate ) >= 2011 ) ) ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| person                      | personLabel         |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Ted Strickland (wd:Q465295) | Ted Strickland (en) |
| John Kasich (wd:Q69319)     | John Kasich (en)    |

The governor of Ohio in 2011 was John Kasich. Ted Strickland's term ended on January 10, 2011, and John Kasich's term started on January 10, 2011.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is governor of ohio 2011?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who is governor of Ohio 2011?", I need to find the entity representing Ohio and then find the governor of Ohio in the year 2011.

Step 1: Search for the entity representing Ohio in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ohio, also known as US-OH, State of Ohio, OH, Buckeye State, Ohio, United States (wd:Q1397): state of the United States of America
2. Ohio, also known as Buckeye State, OH, US-OH, Ohio, United States, State of Ohio (wd:Q1397): state of the United States of America
3. Ohio, also known as Ohio, IL, Ohio, Illinois (wd:Q944935): village in Bureau County, Illinois, United States
4. Ohio, also known as Ohio, New York, Ohio, NY (wd:Q927274): town in New York, United States
5. Ohio (wd:Q2137506): protest song written and composed by Neil Young
6. Ohio (wd:Q7080727): song from the 1953 Broadway musical "Wonderful Town"
7. Ohio, also known as Ohio, MO, Ohio, Missouri (wd:Q21197484): human settlement in St. Clair County, Missouri, United States
8. Ohio, also known as Ohio, Kansas (wd:Q48849126): place in Kansas, United States
9. Ohio, also known as Ohio, Texas, Ohio, TX (wd:Q24260758): human settlement in United States of America
10. USS Turquoise, also known as Walucia III, Esmeraldas, USS PC-459, Turquoise, PY-18 Turquoise (wd:Q23003188): private motor yacht, later a patrol yacht for the U.S. Navy and Ecuadorian Navy

[Assistant]
The entity representing the state of Ohio in the United States is wd:Q1397.

Step 2: Now I need to find the governor of Ohio in the year 2011. I will search for the property related to "governor" for the entity Ohio (wd:Q1397).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as p/wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
2. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
3. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
4. office held by head of government, also known as title of head of government, position of head of government, office of head of government, head of government's office, position held by head of government (wd:P1313 as p/wdt): political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item
5. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as p/wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
6. authority, also known as executive authority, governed by, governing authority, governing body, has authority (wd:P797 as p/wdt): entity having executive power on given entity
7. legislative body, also known as aboriginal council, Zila, Tehsil, rural council, representative body (wd:P194 as p/wdt): legislative body governing this entity; political institution wi...ted representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council
8. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as p/wdt): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
9. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
10. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as p): language designated as official by this item, language used

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "head of government" (wdt:P6) seems to be the most relevant for finding the governor of Ohio, as it represents the head of the executive power of a state.

Step 3: I will now query for the head of government of Ohio (wd:Q1397) with a qualifier for the year 2011 to find the governor at that time.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query did not return any results for the head of government of Ohio in 2011 using property P6. I will try another approach by checking the property "office held by head of government" (wdt:P1313) for Ohio to find the governor position and then find the person holding that office in 2011.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. office held by head of government, also known as title of head of government, position of head of government, office of head of government, head of government's office, position held by head of government (wd:P1313 as p/wdt): political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item
2. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as p/wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
3. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as p/wdt): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
4. authority, also known as executive authority, governed by, governing authority, governing body, has authority (wd:P797 as p/wdt): entity having executive power on given entity
5. legislative body, also known as aboriginal council, Zila, Tehsil, rural council, representative body (wd:P194 as p/wdt): legislative body governing this entity; political institution wi...ted representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council
6. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
7. number of seats, also known as membership quantity, number of seats (members), quantity of members, seats (members) (wd:P1342 as p/wdt): total number of seats/members in an assembly (legislative house or similar)
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. Ballotpedia ID, also known as Ballotpedia article (wd:P2390 as p/wdt): title of corresponding article on the Ballotpedia encyclopedia of American politics
10. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "office held by head of government" (wd:P1313) is relevant for the political office fulfilled by the head of government of Ohio.

Step 4: I will now query for the office held by head of government of Ohio and find the office related to governor. Then I will find the person holding that office in 2011.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| office                          | officeLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Governor of Ohio (wd:Q17989863) | Governor of Ohio (en) |

[Assistant]
The office "Governor of Ohio" is represented by wd:Q17989863.

Step 5: Now I will find the person who held the office "Governor of Ohio" (wd:Q17989863) in the year 2011. I will look for statements about people holding this office with a time qualifier that includes 2011.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| person                      | personLabel         |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Ted Strickland (wd:Q465295) | Ted Strickland (en) |
| John Kasich (wd:Q69319)     | John Kasich (en)    |

[Assistant]
The query returned two persons: Ted Strickland and John Kasich as governors of Ohio in 2011. This suggests a transition year.

Step 6: To clarify who was governor specifically in 2011, I will check the exact start and end dates of their terms as governor of Ohio.

[Tool]
Got 70 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | personLabel              | startDate                           | endDate                             |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Edward Tiffin (wd:Q884891)       | Edward Tiffin (en)       | 1803-03-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1807-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Thomas Kirker (wd:Q773176)       | Thomas Kirker (en)       | 1807-03-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1808-12-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Samuel Huntington (wd:Q881023)   | Samuel Huntington (en)   | 1808-12-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1810-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Return J. Meigs Jr. (wd:Q744819) | Return J. Meigs Jr. (en) | 1810-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1814-03-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Othniel Looker (wd:Q880721)      | Othniel Looker (en)      | 1814-03-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1814-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                              | ...                      | ...                                 | ...                                 |
| Nancy Hollister (wd:Q291690)     | Nancy Hollister (en)     | 1998-12-31T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1999-01-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Bob Taft (wd:Q888281)            | Bob Taft (en)            | 1999-01-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2007-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ted Strickland (wd:Q465295)      | Ted Strickland (en)      | 2007-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2011-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| John Kasich (wd:Q69319)          | John Kasich (en)         | 2011-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2019-01-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Mike DeWine (wd:Q1363468)        | Mike DeWine (en)         | 2019-01-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the governors of Ohio who held office during the year 2011 by checking the start and end dates of their terms. The result includes Ted Strickland, whose term ended in January 2011, and John Kasich, whose term started in January 2011. The answer correctly explains this transition and names John Kasich as the governor for most of 2011. The query follows best practices by returning the identifiers and labels, filtering by English labels, and properly handling the date constraints. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?lexLuthor ?lexLuthorLabel ?performer ?performerLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?lexLuthor {
    wd:Q694790 wd:Q110800327 wd:Q91371653 wd:Q735712
  }
  ?lexLuthor wdt:P175 ?performer .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lexLuthor rdfs:label ?lexLuthorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?lexLuthorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?performer rdfs:label ?performerLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?performerLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?lexLuthorLabel ?performerLabel

Got 7 rows and 4 columns:
| lexLuthor                  | lexLuthorLabel  | performer                      | performerLabel         |
| -------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Lex Luthor (wd:Q110800327) | Lex Luthor (en) | Jesse Eisenberg (wd:Q219512)   | Jesse Eisenberg (en)   |
| Lex Luthor (wd:Q91371653)  | Lex Luthor (en) | Jon Cryer (wd:Q310367)         | Jon Cryer (en)         |
| Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790)    | Lex Luthor (en) | Nicholas Hoult (wd:Q298347)    | Nicholas Hoult (en)    |
| Lex Lutor (wd:Q735712)     | Lex Lutor (en)  | Connor Stanhope (wd:Q72910547) | Connor Stanhope (en)   |
| Lex Lutor (wd:Q735712)     | Lex Lutor (en)  | Lucas Grabeel (wd:Q215488)     | Lucas Grabeel (en)     |
| Lex Lutor (wd:Q735712)     | Lex Lutor (en)  | Michael Rosenbaum (wd:Q311613) | Michael Rosenbaum (en) |
| Lex Lutor (wd:Q735712)     | Lex Lutor (en)  | Wayne Dalglish (wd:Q7976164)   | Wayne Dalglish (en)    |

The actors who have played Lex Luthor in various media are:
- Nicholas Hoult
- Jesse Eisenberg
- Jon Cryer
- Lucas Grabeel
- Michael Rosenbaum
- Connor Stanhope
- Wayne Dalglish

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who has played lex luthor?

[Assistant]
To answer the question "Who has played Lex Luthor?", I need to find the entity for "Lex Luthor" and then find the property that relates to actors or performers who have played this character.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Lex Luthor" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor, Alexander Luthor, Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor (wd:Q694790): supervillain appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, chief executive officer, business executive, business magnate, drug trafficker, philanthropist, mass murderer, roboticist, crime boss, superhero, physicist, engineer, inventor, chemist
2. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q110800327): DC Extended Universe character, chief executive officer, business executive, philanthropist, mass murderer, scientist, socialite, terrorist, engineer, criminal
3. Green Skull, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (wd:Q9300166): fictional character in Amalgam Comics
4. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor (wd:Q91371653): fictional character from the television series Supergirl, time traveller, businessperson, politician, terrorist, criminal, inventor
5. Lex Luthor (wd:Q105123177): villain in the film Superman (1978), scientist, criminal, inventor
6. Lex Lutor, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (Smallville) (wd:Q735712): fictional character from the television series Smallville, businessperson, murderer
7. Lex Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q3831418): American investor, criminal, investor
8. Eve Teschmacher, also known as Eve, Lex Luthor's Girlfriend (wd:Q22266383): DC Comics character, secretary
9. Vitor Miranda, also known as Vitor "Lex Luthor" Miranda (wd:Q7937196): mixed martial arts fighter, Brazilian martial artist, Thai boxer, kickboxer
10. Lex Luthor's Presidency (wd:Q18280092)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the character Lex Luthor is wd:Q694790, which is the supervillain appearing in DC Comics publications and related media.

Step 2: Now I need to find the property that relates to actors or performers who have played this character. I will search for properties of the entity Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) with a query related to "actor" or "played by".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as p/wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as p/wdt): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as p/wdt): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
7. IMDb ID, also known as IMDb identifier, Internet Movie Database identifier (wd:P345 as p): identifier for the IMDb (with prefix 'tt', 'nm', 'co', 'ev', 'ch' or 'ni')
8. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
9. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as p/wdt): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
10. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "performer" (wdt:P175) is relevant as it relates to actors or performers associated with the character.

Step 3: I will now write a SPARQL query to find the performers (actors) who have played the character Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) using the property "performer" (wdt:P175). I will also include the label of the performer for readability.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| performer                   | performerLabel      |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Nicholas Hoult (wd:Q298347) | Nicholas Hoult (en) |

[Assistant]
The query returned Nicholas Hoult as a performer who has played Lex Luthor. However, I know from general knowledge that there are multiple actors who have played Lex Luthor in various media. I should check if there are other entities for Lex Luthor that might have different performers.

I will now check the other Lex Luthor entity wd:Q110800327 (DC Extended Universe character) for performers.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| performer                    | performerLabel       |
| ---------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Jesse Eisenberg (wd:Q219512) | Jesse Eisenberg (en) |

[Assistant]
For the DC Extended Universe character Lex Luthor (wd:Q110800327), the performer is Jesse Eisenberg.

I will now check the Lex Luthor from the television series Supergirl (wd:Q91371653) for performers.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| performer              | performerLabel |
| ---------------------- | -------------- |
| Jon Cryer (wd:Q310367) | Jon Cryer (en) |

[Assistant]
For the Lex Luthor character from the television series Supergirl (wd:Q91371653), the performer is Jon Cryer.

I will now check the Lex Luthor from the television series Smallville (wd:Q735712) for performers.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| performer                      | performerLabel         |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------- |
| Lucas Grabeel (wd:Q215488)     | Lucas Grabeel (en)     |
| Michael Rosenbaum (wd:Q311613) | Michael Rosenbaum (en) |
| Connor Stanhope (wd:Q72910547) | Connor Stanhope (en)   |
| Wayne Dalglish (wd:Q7976164)   | Wayne Dalglish (en)    |

[Assistant]
For the Lex Luthor character from the television series Smallville (wd:Q735712), the performers are Lucas Grabeel, Michael Rosenbaum, Connor Stanhope, and Wayne Dalglish.

I will now combine all these results into one final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves actors who have played Lex Luthor across different media representations of the character. It uses multiple Lex Luthor entities to cover various versions and retrieves their performers. The answer lists all relevant actors found in the query result. The query respects the rules by returning identifiers and labels optionally, and the answer is complete and accurate. No further refinement is necessary.