PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?place ?placeLabel ?city ?cityLabel ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q1317 p:P20 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P20 ?place .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?place rdfs:label ?placeLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?placeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P131 ?city .
    ?city rdfs:label ?cityLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?cityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P17 ?country .
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Osama bin Laden was killed at Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, which is located in Abbottabad city, Pakistan.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was osama bin laden killed?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what country did osama bin laden live in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q1317 p:P551 ?p .
  ?p ps:P551 ?y .
  ?y wdt:P17 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Osama bin Laden, also known as Usama bin Laden, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin, Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, Crankshaft (wd:Q1317): Saudi terrorist and co-founder of al-Qaeda (1957–2011), businessperson, civil engineer, terrorist, jihadist

Using properties:
country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as ps/p): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location

Example 2:
Question:
what country was bin laden from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q1317 wdt:P27 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Osama bin Laden, also known as Usama bin Laden, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin, Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden, Crankshaft (wd:Q1317): Saudi terrorist and co-founder of al-Qaeda (1957–2011), businessperson, civil engineer, terrorist, jihadist

Using properties:
country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country

Example 3:
Question:
what city was robert kennedy killed in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q25310 wdt:P20 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Robert F. Kennedy, also known as Robert Kennedy, Robert Francis Kennedy, RFK, Bobby Kennedy (wd:Q25310): United States politician, military officer, politician, lawyer, writer

Using properties:
place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location

[Assistant]
From the examples, the entity for Osama bin Laden is wd:Q1317. The property used for place of death or where someone was killed is "place of death" (wdt:P20).

I will now write a SPARQL query to find the place where Osama bin Laden was killed using the property place of death (wdt:P20).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| place                                                  | placeLabel                                    |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------- |
| Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad (wd:Q3065522) | Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad (en) |

[Assistant]
Osama bin Laden was killed at "Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad" (wd:Q3065522).

I will now provide the final answer with the SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of death for Osama bin Laden using property P20 (place of death). However, the property P20 is generally used for the place of death, but for a more precise answer about where he was killed, it might be better to check if there is a more specific property or qualifier related to the killing event or location. Also, the current query returns the place of death, which in this case is the compound in Abbottabad, so it is correct. The answer is good, but the query could be improved by verifying if there is a more specific property related to the killing location or event. Overall, the output is sensible and mostly correct, but a slight refinement in the query could improve accuracy.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query, I will check if there is a more specific property or statement related to the killing event or location for Osama bin Laden. This might involve looking for statements with qualifiers or related properties that specify the killing location more precisely than just the place of death (wdt:P20).

I will first list the properties used for Osama bin Laden to see if there is any property related to killing or death event with more detail.

[Tool]
Got 1,088 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                         | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                           |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | businessperson (wd:Q43845)                                                              |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                      |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Osama (wd:Q10067197)                                                                    |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1957-03-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                     |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Osama bin Laden                                                                         |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Osama%20bin%20Laden%20portrait.jpg> |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Saudi Arabia (wd:Q851)                                                                  |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Bin-Laden (wd:Q111033818)                                                               |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Riyadh (wd:Q3692)                                                                       |
| ...                        | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant] There are many properties for Osama bin Laden. To narrow down, I will specifically look for statements related to death or killing. I will search for properties related to death or killing for Osama bin Laden.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. killed by, also known as slaughtered by, slain by, shot dead by, murderer, murdered by (wd:P157 as wdt/p): person or organization who killed the subject, significant person
2. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as wdt/p): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
3. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as wdt/p): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
4. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt/p): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
5. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as wdt/p): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
6. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as wdt/p): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
7. conflict, also known as war, theatre (military), theater (military), participated in conflict, military conflict (wd:P607 as wdt/p): battles, wars or other military engagements in which the person or item participated, participant in
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in

No other items found

[Assistant]
The properties related to death or killing for Osama bin Laden include:
- killed by (wdt:P157)
- cause of death (wdt:P509)
- manner of death (wdt:P1196)
- date of death (wdt:P570)
- place of death (wdt:P20)
- place of burial (wdt:P119)

The property "place of death" (wdt:P20) is the most specific location-related property for death. There is no more specific property for the killing location.

I will now check if the place of death statement for Osama bin Laden has any qualifiers that provide more detail about the killing location or event.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                    | property               | object                                       |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| Osama bin Laden (wd:Q1317) | place of death (p:P20) | s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 |

[Assistant] There is one statement for place of death (p:P20) for Osama bin Laden. I will now check the qualifiers for this statement to see if there is more specific information about the killing location or event.

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                                                   | object                                                 |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | country (pq:P17)                                           | Pakistan (wd:Q843)                                     |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | located in the administrative territorial entity (pq:P131) | Abbottabad (wd:Q170315)                                |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | place of death (ps:P20)                                    | Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad (wd:Q3065522) |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | wikibase:rank                                              | wikibase:NormalRank                                    |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | rdf:type                                                   | wikibase:BestRank                                      |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | prov:wasDerivedFrom                                        | ref:7a9a575ee3bca3575335670fc293df8cd65c0c57           |
| s:Q1317-8d02efa8-4a15-18e9-48b5-a4f2d164ee97 | rdf:type                                                   | wikibase:Statement                                     |

[Assistant]
The place of death statement for Osama bin Laden has qualifiers indicating the country (Pakistan) and the administrative territorial entity (Abbottabad). The place of death itself is "Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad."

This confirms that the most specific location where Osama bin Laden was killed is "Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad," located in Abbottabad, Pakistan.

I will now refine the SPARQL query to include the qualifiers country and administrative territorial entity for more detailed location information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place where Osama bin Laden was killed, including the compound, the city (Abbottabad), and the country (Pakistan). The answer is accurate and complete, matching the known facts. The query uses appropriate properties (P20 for place of death with qualifiers P131 for city and P17 for country) and returns the identifiers and English labels as expected. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?coordinate ?adminEntity ?adminEntityLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q5680 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q5680 wdt:P131 ?adminEntity .
    ?adminEntity rdfs:label ?adminEntityLabel
    FILTER ( LANG( ?adminEntityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Nineveh city (wd:Q5680) is located at coordinates POINT(43.150000 36.366667) and is in the administrative territorial entity Mosul (wd:Q83317).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is nineveh city?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where is the capital city of assyrians?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q41137 wdt:P36 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Assyrian Empire, also known as Assyria, Early Period (wd:Q41137): major Mesopotamian East Semitic kingdom

Using properties:
capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity

Example 2:
Question:
what is the capital city of assyrian empire?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q41137 wdt:P36 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Assyrian Empire, also known as Assyria, Early Period (wd:Q41137): major Mesopotamian East Semitic kingdom

Using properties:
capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity

Example 3:
Question:
what city became the capital of the assyrian empire?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q41137 wdt:P36 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Assyrian Empire, also known as Assyria, Early Period (wd:Q41137): major Mesopotamian East Semitic kingdom

Using properties:
capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as wdt): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity

[Assistant]
The examples show queries about the capital city of the Assyrian Empire using the property "capital" (wdt:P36). However, the question is about the location of Nineveh city itself, not its relation to the Assyrian Empire.

Next, I will search for the entity "Nineveh" to find its Wikidata identifier. Then I will look for properties that describe its location.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Nineveh (wd:Q5680): ancient Assyrian city, capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
2. Upper Mesopotamia, also known as Nineveh, Northwestern Iraq, كهاف الخيل, Jazira, Assyria (wd:Q311819): northern portion of region between Tigris and Euphrates rivers, now part of Iraq, Syria and Turkey
3. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, IN, Nineveh, Indiana (wd:Q14688715): unincorporated community in Johnson County, Indiana
4. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, New York, Nineveh, NY (wd:Q3477846): human settlement in New York, United States of America
5. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, New York, Nineveh, NY (wd:Q3477846): human settlement in New York, United States of America
6. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, Missouri, Nineveh, MO (wd:Q18353599): human settlement in Adair County, Missouri, United States
7. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, England (wd:Q14955822): name of multiple places in England, UK
8. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, Lunenburg, Nova Scotia (wd:Q7038584): human settlement in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia, Canada
9. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh, Pennsylvania (wd:Q24259678): human settlement in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States
10. Nineveh, also known as Nineveh (song), Nineveh (Brooke Ligertwood song) (wd:Q111036727): 2022 song by Brooke Ligertwood

[Assistant] The entity "Nineveh" as an ancient Assyrian city and capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire is wd:Q5680. I will now look for properties that describe the location of this city.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as wdt/p): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt/p): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
3. geoshape, also known as Commons map data, geographic data, geographic shape, .map, map data (wd:P3896 as wdt/p): geographic data from Wikimedia Commons
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as wdt/p): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as wdt/p): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. heritage designation, also known as legal protection, protection, protected status, listing, listed status (wd:P1435 as wdt/p): heritage designation of a cultural or natural site, has part(s), instance of
7. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as wdt/p): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
8. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as wdt/p): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
9. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
10. Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts place ID, also known as SDBM place authority ID, SDBM place ID, Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts place authority ID (wd:P9757 as wdt/p): identifier for a place in the Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts

No other items found

[Assistant]
The relevant properties for location of Nineveh (wd:Q5680) are:
- coordinate location (wdt:P625)
- located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131)
- country (wdt:P17)

I will now query the coordinates and the administrative territorial entity of Nineveh.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| coordinate                                  | adminEntity       | adminEntityLabel |
| ------------------------------------------- | ----------------- | ---------------- |
| POINT(43.150000 36.366667) (geo:wktLiteral) | Mosul (wd:Q83317) | Mosul (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the coordinates and the administrative territorial entity of Nineveh city. The answer provides the location coordinates and specifies that Nineveh is in Mosul, which is accurate. The query uses appropriate properties (P625 for coordinates and P131 for administrative entity) and returns the expected results. The output is clear and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P179 wd:Q1102217 .
  ?movie p:P161 ?castStatement .
  ?castStatement ps:P161 ?actor ; pq:P453 wd:Q16311 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?actorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?movieLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 6 rows and 4 columns:
| actor                       | actorLabel           | movie                                            | movieLabel                               |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek: The Motion Picture (wd:Q107940)       | Star Trek: The Motion Picture (en)       |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (wd:Q221305) | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (en) |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (wd:Q465478)     | Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (en)     |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (wd:Q471842)       | Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (en)       |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek Generations (wd:Q723679)               | Star Trek Generations (en)               |
| Chris Pine (wd:Q23466)      | Chris Pine (en)      | Star Trek Into Darkness (wd:Q171711)             | Star Trek Into Darkness (en)             |

The actors who played Captain Kirk in Star Trek movies are William Shatner and Chris Pine. William Shatner played Captain Kirk in several Star Trek movies including "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" and "Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Chris Pine played Captain Kirk in "Star Trek Into Darkness".

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who played captain kirk in star trek movie?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who played captain kirk in star trek?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?p p:P161 ?y .
  ?y ps:P161 ?x ; pq:P453 wd:Q16311 .
}

Using entities:
James T. Kirk, also known as James Kirk, James Tiberius Kirk, Jim Kirk, Captain Kirk, Captain James Tiberius Kirk (wd:Q16311): fictional character from Star Trek, spaceship captain, tactician, explorer

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as ps/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)

Example 2:
Question:
who is playing hawkeye in the avengers movie?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q182218 p:P161 ?p .
  ?p ps:P161 ?x ; pq:P453 wd:Q24026688 .
}

Using entities:
The Avengers, also known as Marvel's The Avengers, Marvel Avengers Assemble, Avengers, Avengers Assemble (wd:Q182218): 2012 film directed by Joss Whedon
Clint Barton, also known as Hawkeye (wd:Q24026688): fictional character from the Marvel Cinematic Universe

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as ps/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)

Example 3:
Question:
who played obi wan kenobi in phantom menace?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q165713 p:P161 ?y .
  ?y ps:P161 ?x ; pq:P453 wd:Q51740 .
}

Using entities:
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, also known as Star Wars Episode I, Star Wars Episode I - The Phantom Menace, The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace, Star Wars: Episode I -- The Phantom Menace (wd:Q165713): 1999 film directed by George Lucas
Obi-Wan Kenobi, also known as Master Kenobi, Obi Wan Kenobi, Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi, Obi-Wan, Obi Wan (wd:Q51740): fictional character in the Star Wars universe, Jedi

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as ps/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)

[Assistant]
From the examples, the pattern to find the actor who played a specific character in a movie is to use the property "cast member" (P161) with a qualifier "character role" (P453) for the character. We need to identify the entity for the Star Trek movie and the entity for Captain Kirk.

Next, I will search for the entity representing the Star Trek movie.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Trek film, also known as Star Trek movie (wd:Q61283808): film of the Star Trek film franchise
2. Star Trek Movie Memories (wd:Q7601044): William Shatner memoir written  with Chris Kreski
3. Star Trek, also known as StarTrek, Star Trek franchise (wd:Q1092): science fiction media franchise
4. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek 09, Star Trek 11, Star Trek 2009 (wd:Q213081): 2009 film directed by J. J. Abrams
5. Star Trek: The Original Series, also known as Those Old Scientists, TOS, ST: TOS, Star Trek: TOS, Star Trek TOS (wd:Q1077): American science fiction television series (1966–1969)
6. Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, also known as Search for Spock, Star Trek, Star Trek 3, The Search for Spock (wd:Q221305): 1984 film directed by Leonard Nimoy
7. movie star, also known as cinema star, film star (wd:Q1337738): celebrity who is famous for starring in motion pictures
8. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek (1971) (wd:Q662253): 1971 command line computer game
9. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek Films (wd:Q1102217): film series
10. Star Trek, also known as 2013 Star Trek, Star Trek The Video Game (wd:Q7601031): 2013 video game

[Assistant] There are multiple Star Trek movies. The 2009 film directed by J. J. Abrams (wd:Q213081) is a well-known Star Trek movie. I will now search for the entity representing Captain Kirk.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. James T. Kirk, also known as James Kirk, James Tiberius Kirk, Jim Kirk, Captain Kirk, Captain James Tiberius Kirk (wd:Q16311): fictional character from Star Trek, spaceship captain, tactician, explorer
2. William Kirkpatrick, also known as Colonel Kirkpatrick, William Kirkpatrick (1754-1812), William Kirkpatrick (1756-1812), Captain Kirkpatrick, Col. Kirkpatrick (wd:Q18672883): British army officer in the East India Company and diplomat (1754 or 1756-1812), military personnel, orientalist, diplomat
3. Captain Kirk Douglas, also known as Kirk Douglass, Kirk Douglas (guitarist), Hundred Watt Heart, "Captain" Kirk Douglas (wd:Q5036706): American guitarist, guitarist, musician
4. Where's Captain Kirk? (wd:Q7993095): 1979 song performed by Spizzenergi
5. Duncan Kirk, also known as Captain Duncan Kirk (wd:Q75400490): Peerage person ID=118534
6. Maurice Kirk, also known as Captain Maurice Kirk, Maurice Wrottesley Kirk (wd:Q75822804): British army captain
7. Captain Kirk: Cold Warrior (wd:Q58447877)
8. I Am Captain Kirk (wd:Q113976373)
9. Duncan Kinloch Kirk, also known as Captain Duncan Kinloch Kirk (wd:Q75243859): Peerage person ID=5744
10. Who Killed Captain Kirk? (wd:Q111739107)

[Assistant] The entity for Captain Kirk as a fictional character from Star Trek is wd:Q16311. Now I will construct a SPARQL query to find the actor who played Captain Kirk in the 2009 Star Trek movie (wd:Q213081) using the property cast member (P161) with qualifier character role (P453).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query returned no results for the 2009 Star Trek movie. It is possible that the cast member information with the character role qualifier is not present for this specific movie entity. I will try a broader approach by searching for actors who played Captain Kirk in any Star Trek movie. I will search for movies related to Star Trek and then find actors who played Captain Kirk in those movies. First, I will find movies related to Star Trek.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Trek, also known as StarTrek, Star Trek franchise (wd:Q1092): science fiction media franchise
2. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek 09, Star Trek 11, Star Trek 2009 (wd:Q213081): 2009 film directed by J. J. Abrams
3. Star Trek: The Original Series, also known as Those Old Scientists, TOS, ST: TOS, Star Trek: TOS, Star Trek TOS (wd:Q1077): American science fiction television series (1966–1969)
4. Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, also known as Search for Spock, Star Trek, Star Trek 3, The Search for Spock (wd:Q221305): 1984 film directed by Leonard Nimoy
5. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek (1971) (wd:Q662253): 1971 command line computer game
6. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek Films (wd:Q1102217): film series
7. Star Trek, also known as 2013 Star Trek, Star Trek The Video Game (wd:Q7601031): 2013 video game
8. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek (1983, Arcade), 1983 Star Trek, Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simulator (wd:Q3496992): 1983 arcade game
9. Star Trek, also known as Star Trek games (wd:Q9079617): game franchise
10. Star Trek: The Next Generation – A Final Unity, also known as A Final Unity, Star Trek, Star Trek – A Final Unity, Star Trek: A Final Unity, Star Trek: The Next Generation / A Final Unity (wd:Q7601022): 1995 video game

[Assistant] There is a Star Trek film series entity (wd:Q1102217). I will use this entity to find movies that are part of this series and then find actors who played Captain Kirk in those movies.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                               |
| --------------------------------------------------- |
| Star Trek: The Motion Picture (wd:Q107940)          |
| Star Trek Beyond (wd:Q15929448)                     |
| Star Trek Into Darkness (wd:Q171711)                |
| Star Trek (wd:Q213081)                              |
| Star Trek: First Contact (wd:Q221236)               |
| ...                                                 |
| Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (wd:Q465478)        |
| Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (wd:Q471842)          |
| Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (wd:Q579757) |
| Star Trek: Insurrection (wd:Q673198)                |
| Star Trek Generations (wd:Q723679)                  |

[Assistant] I found several Star Trek movies that are part of the Star Trek film series. Now I will query for actors who played Captain Kirk (wd:Q16311) in any of these movies using the cast member property (P161) with the character role qualifier (P453).

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 4 columns:
| actor                       | actorLabel           | movie                                            | movieLabel                               |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek: The Motion Picture (wd:Q107940)       | Star Trek: The Motion Picture (en)       |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (wd:Q221305) | Star Trek III: The Search for Spock (en) |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (wd:Q465478)     | Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (en)     |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (wd:Q471842)       | Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (en)       |
| William Shatner (wd:Q16297) | William Shatner (en) | Star Trek Generations (wd:Q723679)               | Star Trek Generations (en)               |
| Chris Pine (wd:Q23466)      | Chris Pine (en)      | Star Trek Into Darkness (wd:Q171711)             | Star Trek Into Darkness (en)             |

[Assistant] The actors who played Captain Kirk in Star Trek movies are William Shatner and Chris Pine. William Shatner played Captain Kirk in several Star Trek movies including "Star Trek: The Motion Picture" and "Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan". Chris Pine played Captain Kirk in "Star Trek Into Darkness". I will now provide this as the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves actors who played Captain Kirk in Star Trek movies by filtering movies that are part of the Star Trek film series and cast members who played the character Captain Kirk. The answer correctly identifies William Shatner and Chris Pine along with the specific movies they appeared in as Captain Kirk. The query returns the IRIs and English labels for actors and movies, adhering to the guidelines. The answer is complete, accurate, and well-supported by the query results.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q855 wdt:P39 ?position .
  ?position wdt:P1001 ?country .
  ?country wdt:P31 ?countryType .
  FILTER ( ?countryType IN ( wd:Q6256 , wd:Q3024240 ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| country                                                 | countryLabel                                      |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                | Soviet Union (en)                                 |
| Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q2184) | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (en) |

Joseph Stalin was in charge of the Soviet Union and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, both countries or former countries. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is excluded as it is not a country.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what country was stalin in charge of?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what country did truman lead?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q11613 wdt:P39 ?y .
  ?y wdt:P1001 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Harry S. Truman, also known as H. Truman, President Truman, Harry Truman, Truman, H. S. Truman (wd:Q11613): president of the United States from 1945 to 1953; politician (1884-1972), military officer, businessperson, politician, diarist, judge

Using properties:
applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

Example 2:
Question:
what nation did hitler lead?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q352 wdt:P39 ?y .
  ?y wdt:P1001 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Adolf Hitler, also known as Bohemian Corporal (wd:Q352): dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, politician

Using properties:
applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

Example 3:
Question:
who was the leader of the soviet union in 1945?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q15180 p:P6 ?p .
  ?p ps:P6 ?x ; pq:P580 ?y ; pq:P582 ?z .
  FILTER ( ( ?y < "1946-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) && ( ?z >= "1945-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) )
}

Using entities:
Soviet Union, also known as Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, The USSR, URS, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Soviet Union (wd:Q15180): former country in Eurasia (1922–1991)

Using properties:
start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as pq): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as pq): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as ps/p): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson

[Assistant] From the similar examples, it appears that the property "position held" (wdt:P39) combined with "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) is used to find the country a leader was in charge of. Stalin is the entity we are interested in. Let's search for the entity "Stalin" first to get his Wikidata ID.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Joseph Stalin, also known as Koba, Josef Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovitch Stalin, Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin, Uncle Joe (wd:Q855): leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, opinion journalist, revolutionary, statesperson, politician, linguist
2. Donetsk, also known as Aleksandrovka, Hughesovka, Stalin, Stalino, Yuzovka (wd:Q43070): city in Ukraine
3. Varna, also known as Stalin, Odesos (wd:Q6506): city in Varna municipality, Varna oblast, Bulgaria
4. Stalin (wd:Q32235): 1992 film directed by Ivan Passer
5. Stalin (wd:Q7597248): 2006 film by A. R. Murugadoss
6. Stalin (wd:Q29437956): biography of Josef Stalin by Leon Trotsky
7. Samson, also known as Stalin (wd:Q4407024)
8. Stalin (wd:Q16281726): name that can be used either as a given name or as a surname
9. Stalin (wd:Q16605767): 1992 film by Kazimierz Kutz
10. Stalin (wd:Q18063553): family name

[Assistant] The entity for Joseph Stalin is wd:Q855. Now I will query the positions he held (wdt:P39) and the jurisdictions those positions applied to (wdt:P1001) to find the country he was in charge of.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| country                                                 | countryLabel                                      |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                | Soviet Union (en)                                 |
| Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q2184) | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (en) |
| Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q79854)         | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (en)          |

[Assistant] Joseph Stalin was in charge of the Soviet Union (wd:Q15180) and also held positions related to the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q2184) and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (wd:Q79854). The main country he was in charge of is the Soviet Union. I will now provide the final answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies the Soviet Union as the country Stalin was in charge of. However, the SPARQL query returns three results: the Soviet Union, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Communist Party is not a country, so it should be excluded from the results. The query should be refined to filter out non-country entities and only return countries or country-like entities. This will make the answer more precise and aligned with the user's question.

[Assistant] Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to exclude non-country entities by filtering for entities that are instances of a country or a country-like entity. I will use the property "instance of" (wdt:P31) and filter for "country" (wd:Q6256) or "sovereign state" (wd:Q3624078) to ensure only countries are returned.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The filter for instance of country or sovereign state returned no results. I will try a more general approach by checking if the entity is an instance of a country (wd:Q6256) or a former country (wd:Q3024240) to include historical countries like the Soviet Union.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| country                                                 | countryLabel                                      |
| ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Soviet Union (wd:Q15180)                                | Soviet Union (en)                                 |
| Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (wd:Q2184) | Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (en) |

[Assistant] The refined query now returns only the Soviet Union and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, both of which are countries or former countries. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union is excluded. I will provide the final answer with this refined query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the countries Joseph Stalin was in charge of by retrieving the countries associated with the positions he held. It properly filters for entities that are instances of countries or former countries. The answer is accurate and complete, mentioning both the Soviet Union and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, which aligns with historical facts. The exclusion of the Communist Party as it is not a country is also appropriate. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q233 wdt:P37 ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| language           | languageLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------- |
| English (wd:Q1860) | English (en)  |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) | Maltese (en)  |

The languages spoken in Malta are Maltese and English.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language do maltese speak?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what kind of language does switzerland speak?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q39 wdt:P37 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Switzerland, also known as Confoederatio Helvetica, Swiss, Swiss Confederation (wd:Q39): country in Central Europe

Using properties:
official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used

Example 2:
Question:
what language do people speak in iceland?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q189 wdt:P37 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Iceland, also known as Republic of Iceland, ISL (wd:Q189): Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean

Using properties:
official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used

Example 3:
Question:
what do they speak iceland?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q189 wdt:P37 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Iceland, also known as Republic of Iceland, ISL (wd:Q189): Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean

Using properties:
official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used

[Assistant]
From the similar examples, it is clear that the property for "language spoken" or "official language" is wdt:P37. The entity for Malta should be identified and then we can query the languages spoken in Malta using this property.

Next, I will search for the entity "Malta" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Malta, also known as Republic of Malta, MT, MLT (wd:Q233): sovereign state in Southern Europe situated on an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea
2. Malta (wd:Q193896): island of Malta
3. Malta, also known as Malta, Montana, Malta, MT (wd:Q963370): city in and county seat of Phillips County, Montana, United States
4. Malta, also known as Malta, Idaho, Malta, ID (wd:Q993877): city in Cassia County, Idaho, United States
5. Malta (wd:Q340115): municipality in Spittal an der Drau District, Carinthia, Austria
6. Malta, also known as Malta, OH (wd:Q2666766): village in Morgan County, Ohio, United States
7. Malta, also known as Malta, IL (wd:Q2672411): village in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States
8. Malta, also known as Santa Rita do Malta (wd:Q2329682): municipality in Paraíba, Brazil
9. Malta, also known as Malta, New York, Malta, NY (wd:Q3708930): town in Saratoga County, New York, United States
10. Malta, also known as Nova (wd:Q1632080): Swedish duo

[Assistant] The entity for the country Malta is wd:Q233. Now I will query the languages spoken in Malta using the property wdt:P37.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| language           | languageLabel |
| ------------------ | ------------- |
| English (wd:Q1860) | English (en)  |
| Maltese (wd:Q9166) | Maltese (en)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official languages spoken in Malta using property P37 (official language). It returns both the Maltese and English languages with their labels. The answer is accurate and complete, matching the user's question about the languages spoken in Malta. The query follows all rules, including returning identifiers and labels in an optional clause. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?origin ?originLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q8216 wdt:P144 ?origin .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?origin rdfs:label ?originLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?originLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The Greek alphabet originated from the Phoenician script.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did the greek alphabet come from?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
where does the roman language come from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q397 wdt:P279 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Latin, also known as Latina, Latin language, Latinum (wd:Q397): Indo-European language of the Italic branch

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain

Example 2:
Question:
where does the spanish language come from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q1321 wdt:P279 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Spanish, also known as Castilian, Castilian language, es, esp, Español (wd:Q1321): Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain

Example 3:
Question:
where did the name rome come from?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q220 wdt:P138 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Rome, also known as Roma, City of Seven Hills, Rome, Italy, The Eternal City (wd:Q220): capital and largest city of Italy

Using properties:
named after, also known as toponym, namesake, named in honor of, named for, etymology (wd:P138 as wdt): entity or event that inspired the subject's name, or namesake (i...fier "applies to name" (P5168) can be used to indicate which one

[Assistant]
The Greek alphabet is a writing system, and the question is about its origin. From the similar examples, it seems that the property "subclass of" (wdt:P279) is used to indicate origin or derivation in some contexts. However, for alphabets or writing systems, the property indicating origin might be different, such as "derived from" or "originates from."

I will now search for the entity "Greek alphabet" in Wikidata to find its identifier and then look for properties related to its origin or derivation.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Greek alphabet, also known as Greek script, Greek (wd:Q8216): script used to write the Greek language
2. history of the Greek alphabet, also known as Greek alphabet history, the Greek alphabet history (wd:Q2627294): aspect of history
3. Greek Albanian alphabet (wd:Q3305475): Greek alphabet adapted for writing the Albanian language
4. Greek spelling alphabet (wd:Q17003959): spelling alphabet for Greek letters
5. extended greek alphabet (wd:Q3237041)
6. ancient Greek alphabet, also known as archaic Greek alphabet (wd:Q3611036): writing system
7. archaic Greek alphabets (wd:Q2839562): Local variants of the ancient Greek alphabet
8. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814193): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger (YCBA B1977.14.581)
9. Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106814190): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger
10. Ancient Inscriptions in Greek Alphabet (wd:Q106812515): drawing - Sir Robert Smirke the younger

[Assistant] The entity "Greek alphabet" is wd:Q8216. Now I will search for properties of this entity that might indicate its origin or derivation. I will search for properties related to "origin" or "derived from" for the Greek alphabet entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as wdt/p): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as wdt/p): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. based on, also known as modelled after, inspired by, iteration of, modeled after, fork of (wd:P144 as wdt/p): the work(s) or inputs used as the basis for subject item; for fictional analog use P1074, references work, tradition or theory, inspired by
4. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as wdt/p): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as wdt/p): work where this item is described, attested in
6. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt/p): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
7. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as wdt/p): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "based on" (wdt:P144) seems relevant as it indicates what the Greek alphabet is modeled after or inspired by. I will now query what the Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216) is based on using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| origin                        | originLabel            |
| ----------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Phoenician script (wd:Q26752) | Phoenician script (en) |

[Assistant]
The Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216) is based on the Phoenician script (wd:Q26752). This means the Greek alphabet originated from or was derived from the Phoenician script.

I will now provide the final answer with this information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The answer correctly identifies the origin of the Greek alphabet as the Phoenician script, which matches the information retrieved from Wikidata. The SPARQL query is well-formed, uses the appropriate property (wdt:P144) to find the origin of the Greek alphabet (wd:Q8216), and retrieves both the identifier and the English label of the origin. The query respects the guidelines by returning identifiers and optional labels without using unsupported SERVICE clauses. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q6107 ; wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q11424 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?movieLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                            | movieLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) | Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (en) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     | Poetic Justice (en)                    |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            | Straight Outta Compton (en)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      | Above the Rim (en)                     |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     | Biggie & Tupac (en)                    |
| ...                                              | ...                                    |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               | Juice (en)                             |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 | Tupac: Resurrection (en)               |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               | Tupac: Assassination (en)              |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              | Bullet (en)                            |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          | Gridlock'd (en)                        |

Tupac starred in the following movies: Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw, Poetic Justice, Straight Outta Compton, Above the Rim, Biggie & Tupac, Juice, Tupac: Resurrection, Tupac: Assassination, Bullet, and Gridlock'd among others.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies did tupac star in?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some similar examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what movies does tupac act in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P161 wd:Q6107 ; wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q11424 .
}

Using entities:
film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock
Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac, Tupac Amaru Shakur, Makaveli, Tupac Omar Shakur, Lesane Crooks (wd:Q6107): American rapper (1971–1996), television actor, songwriter, film actor, lyricist, activist, writer, singer, rapper, actor, poet

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
what was tupac name in juice?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q642419 p:P161 ?p .
  ?p ps:P161 wd:Q6107 ; pq:P453 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac, Tupac Amaru Shakur, Makaveli, Tupac Omar Shakur, Lesane Crooks (wd:Q6107): American rapper (1971–1996), television actor, songwriter, film actor, lyricist, activist, writer, singer, rapper, actor, poet
Juice (wd:Q642419): 1992 film directed by Ernest Dickerson

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as ps/p): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pq): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)

Example 3:
Question:
who was killed first tupac or biggie?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q6107 wdt:P570 ?y ; rdfs:label ?x .
    FILTER ( LANGMATCHES( LANG( ?x ) , "EN" ) )
  } UNION {
    wd:Q179157 wdt:P570 ?y ; rdfs:label ?x .
    FILTER ( LANGMATCHES( LANG( ?x ) , "EN" ) )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?y
LIMIT 1

Using entities:
The Notorious B.I.G., also known as Frank White, Notorious B.I.G., King of Brooklyn, Christopher Wallace, Notorious BIG (wd:Q179157): American rapper, songwriter, producer and actor (1972–1997), record producer, songwriter, rapper, actor
Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac, Tupac Amaru Shakur, Makaveli, Tupac Omar Shakur, Lesane Crooks (wd:Q6107): American rapper (1971–1996), television actor, songwriter, film actor, lyricist, activist, writer, singer, rapper, actor, poet

Using properties:
date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time

[Assistant] From the examples, I see that Tupac Shakur is identified as wd:Q6107 and the property for cast member in a film is wdt:P161. Films are instances or subclasses of wd:Q11424 (film). I will now write a SPARQL query to find movies where Tupac starred using these entities and properties.

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                            | movieLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) | Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (en) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     | Poetic Justice (en)                    |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            | Straight Outta Compton (en)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      | Above the Rim (en)                     |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     | Biggie & Tupac (en)                    |
| ...                                              | ...                                    |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               | Juice (en)                             |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 | Tupac: Resurrection (en)               |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               | Tupac: Assassination (en)              |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              | Bullet (en)                            |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          | Gridlock'd (en)                        |

[Assistant] Tupac starred in the following movies: Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw, Poetic Justice, Straight Outta Compton, Above the Rim, Biggie & Tupac, Juice, Tupac: Resurrection, Tupac: Assassination, Bullet, and Gridlock'd among others. I will now provide the final answer with the SPARQL query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves movies where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) is a cast member (wdt:P161) and ensures the items are instances of films (wd:Q11424). The query also optionally fetches English labels for better readability. The answer lists relevant movies Tupac starred in, matching the query results. The query and answer are accurate and complete for the user's question.