PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?occupation ?occupationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?occupation rdfs:label ?occupationLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?occupationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| occupation                | occupationLabel |
| ------------------------- | --------------- |
| film actor (wd:Q10800557) | film actor (en) |
| actor (wd:Q33999)         | actor (en)      |
| model (wd:Q4610556)       | model (en)      |

Helen Flanagan is an English film actor, actor, and model.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what does helen flanagan do?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what movies have robert pattinson starred in?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P161 wd:Q36767 ; wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q11424 .
}

Using entities:
film, also known as cinematic work, moving picture, movie, motion pictures, motion picture (wd:Q11424): sequence of images that give the impression of movement, stored on film stock
Robert Pattinson, also known as Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson (wd:Q36767): British actor and model, television actor, film producer, stage actor, film actor, composer, singer, actor, model

Using properties:
cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 2:
Question:
what should i see in london england?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q570116 ; wdt:P131 wd:Q84 .
}

Using entities:
tourist attraction, also known as attraction for tourists, POI for tourists, tourism attraction, touristic attraction, tourist place (wd:Q570116): place of interest where tourists visit
London, also known as Loniniensi, Trinovantum, the Big Smoke, Lundenwic, Lundenburh (wd:Q84): capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
which ocean does the murray river flow into?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q183078 wdt:P403 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Murray River, also known as River Murray, Indi Miky (wd:Q183078): river in Australia

Using properties:
mouth of the watercourse, also known as flows into, watercourse outflow, watercourse ends in, watercourse drain, tributary of (wd:P403 as wdt): the body of water to which the watercourse drains

[Assistant]
From the examples, I see that to answer "what does [person] do?" we need to find the entity for the person and then find properties related to their occupation or profession.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Helen Flanagan" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260): English actress, film actor, model, actor
2. Helen Anna Flanagan (wd:Q108477380): performance artist, visual artist, video artist, artist
3. Helen of Troy, also known as Helen, Helen of Argos, Helen of Sparta (wd:Q164061): daughter of Zeus in Greek mythology
4. Helen, also known as Helen, GA, Helen, Georgia (wd:Q1601823): city in White County, Georgia, United States
5. Helen, also known as Helen Khan, Helen Richardson Khan, Helen Jairag Richardson, Helen Ann Richardson Khan (wd:Q467223): Indian film actress and dancer of Anglo-Burmese descent, television actor, film actor, dancer
6. Flanagan, also known as Flanagan, Illinois (wd:Q1929330): human settlement in Illinois, United States of America
7. Helen, also known as Eur. Hel. (wd:Q1248812): ancient Greek tragedy by Euripides
8. Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu, also known as Helen bomber, Type 100 Heavy Bomber, Storm Dragon, Ki49, Ki-49 (wd:Q1393091): Japanese bomber aircraft
9. Helen, also known as Helen, West Virginia, Helen, WV (wd:Q511980): census designated place in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States
10. Helen, also known as Helen (first name), Helen (given name) (wd:Q13376892): female given name

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Helen Flanagan" is wd:Q5702260, which is described as an English actress, film actor, model, actor.

Step 2: Now, let's find the properties related to what Helen Flanagan does, such as occupation or profession. I will search for properties of the entity wd:Q5702260 with a query related to occupation or profession.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
3. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
5. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as p/wdt): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
8. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
9. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
10. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "occupation" (wdt:P106) is the most relevant to answer what Helen Flanagan does.

Step 3: Let's query the occupation(s) of Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260).

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| occupation                | occupationLabel |
| ------------------------- | --------------- |
| film actor (wd:Q10800557) | film actor (en) |
| actor (wd:Q33999)         | actor (en)      |
| model (wd:Q4610556)       | model (en)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


I was unable to find a direct property or qualifier linking U.S. senators to the state they represent in Wikidata. Multiple approaches were tried, including using 'applies to jurisdiction', 'electoral district', 'constituency', and other related properties, but none returned results for Pennsylvania senators. The data model for U.S. senators and their represented states in Wikidata seems not straightforward or not consistently modeled. Therefore, I cannot provide a satisfactory SPARQL query to answer the question.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who are the u s senators of pennsylvania?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
who did paul jr marry?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q1977242 wdt:P26 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Paul Teutul Jr., also known as Paul Michael Teutul (wd:Q1977242): American motorcycle designer and builder, businessperson

Using properties:
spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative

Example 2:
Question:
what other cars does gm make?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q81965 wdt:P355 ?x .
}

Using entities:
General Motors, also known as GM, General Motors Corporation (wd:Q81965): automotive manufacturing corporation based in Detroit, Michigan, USA, American automotive manufacturing corporation

Using properties:
has subsidiary, also known as subordinate body, subsidiary body, subordinate unit, subsidiary, subsidiary company (wd:P355 as wdt): subsidiary of a company or organization; generally a fully owned...siness division" (P199). Opposite of parent organization (P749)., has part(s), owner of

Example 3:
Question:
what university did tony romo go to?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q14027 wdt:P69 ?x .
  ?x wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q38723 .
}

Using entities:
Tony Romo, also known as Antonio Ramiro Romo, Antonio "Tony" Ramiro Romo (wd:Q14027): American football player, sports commentator
higher education institution, also known as HEI, Higher Education school, institution of higher education, Superior Institute (wd:Q38723): institution that provides higher education (e.g., universities, ...es, liberal arts colleges, institutes of technology, and others)

Using properties:
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

[Assistant]
The question is about the U.S. senators of Pennsylvania. We need to find the entity for Pennsylvania and the property that relates a U.S. senator to a state they represent.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Pennsylvania" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pennsylvania, also known as PA, Pa., US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
2. Pennsylvania, also known as US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, Penna., Pa. (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
3. Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Colony of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Colony (wd:Q2475732): former colony in North America, part of Great Britain
4. Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania, AL (wd:Q18392474): unincorporated community in Alabama
5. Pennsylvania (wd:Q3960056): state song of Pennsylvania, United States
6. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163626): suburb in Exeter, Devon, England, UK
7. Pennsylvania (wd:Q1777290): steamboat
8. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163634): album by Pere Ubu
9. Pennsylvania (wd:Q23863889): article in Otto's encyclopedia
10. Pennsylvania, also known as IMO 9486958 (wd:Q83651224): ship built in 2012

[Assistant]
The entity for the state of Pennsylvania in the United States is wd:Q1400.

Step 2: Find the property that relates a U.S. senator to the state they represent. Let's search for properties related to "senator" or "U.S. senator" to find the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States senator, also known as U.S. senator, US senator (wd:Q4416090): member of the United States Senate
2. state senator, also known as United States state senator, state senator of the United States, US state senator, U.S. state senator (wd:Q7603534): member of an upper house of a U.S. state legislature
3. U.S. senator bibliography (wd:Q7863481): overview of United States congressional memoirs
4. John Walker, also known as John Walker, U.S. Senator (wd:Q450549): American politician (1744–1809), politician, lawyer
5. John Hemphill, also known as John Hemphill (U.S. Senator) (wd:Q456208): American politician (1803-1862), politician, lawyer, judge
6. Isham Talbot, also known as Isham Talbot, U.S. Senator (wd:Q1673872): American politician (1773-1837), politician, lawyer
7. U.S. Senator champions PET (wd:Q74623916): scientific article published on 01 March 1999
8. David J. Baker, also known as David Jewett Baker, David J. Baker, U.S. Senator (wd:Q435105): American politician (1792–1869), politician, lawyer, judge
9. William H. Wells, also known as William Hill Wells, U.S. Senator, William Hill Wells (wd:Q666838): American politician (1769-1829), politician, lawyer
10. U.S. Senator Tim Johnson hospitalized (wd:Q17667741): Wikinews article

[Assistant]
The entity for "United States senator" is wd:Q4416090.

Step 3: We need to find the property that connects a U.S. senator to the state they represent. Let's search for properties of the entity "United States senator" related to "state" or "represent".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
9. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
10. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person

No other items found

[Assistant]
The search for a property related to "state" for the entity "United States senator" did not return a direct property linking a senator to the state they represent.

Step 4: Let's try searching for properties related to "represent" for the entity "United States senator" to find the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
2. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as p/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. subject has role, also known as has role, role, subject had role, subject of qualified statement has role, subject of statement has role (wd:P2868 as p/wdt): role/generic identity of the item ("subject") in the context of ...acting roles, use P453 ("character role"). For persons, use P39.
5. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
6. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. female form of label, also known as female form of label (string), female gender sense, feminine form of label (wd:P2521 as p/wdt): female form of name or title (for male use P3321)
9. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person
10. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) seems relevant as it indicates the territorial jurisdiction an item (such as a public office) applies to. This might be used to link a senator to the state they represent.

Step 5: Let's find the U.S. senators who represent Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) using the property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001). We need to find people who are instances of "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "applies to jurisdiction" with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query did not return any results. It seems the approach to link senators to the state using "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) in this way is not correct.

Step 6: Let's try a different approach. We know that senators hold a position (P39) which is an instance of "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090). The position itself might have a property indicating the state it represents. Let's find the properties of the position held by a senator that indicate the state. We will look for properties of the position (P39) statements with qualifiers related to the state.

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                         | property              | object                                           |
| ------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Julius Caesar (wd:Q1048)        | position held (p:P39) | s:Q1048-1047EF26-6590-4168-9F4C-D8129DEB697F     |
| Jawaharlal Nehru (wd:Q1047)     | position held (p:P39) | s:Q1047-18BA96CE-105A-4180-8A39-7C6FC355CBB8     |
| Narendra Modi (wd:Q1058)        | position held (p:P39) | s:Q1058-6F0D8A1A-84C3-498B-9E3C-E4ACADCC7AE5     |
| Jair Bolsonaro (wd:Q10304982)   | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10304982-4801dac7-4130-6468-8af8-edadeb2551f4 |
| Kim Jong-il (wd:Q10665)         | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10665-2910ABCA-2200-4F6E-888F-458030763FC7    |
| David Beckham (wd:Q10520)       | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10520-CC311A64-AA9B-4DCA-8CBF-0B2903E857B6    |
| John McCain (wd:Q10390)         | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10390-0B9052A9-7EE7-4FE1-B997-6EE762361D0F    |
| Gordon Brown (wd:Q10648)        | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10648-0b4cd6e9-48b7-8083-ed00-07bd0d2efdcd    |
| Fernando Alonso (wd:Q10514)     | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10514-4aa6f534-4085-350e-ac59-cd1a1b2c715d    |
| Neville Chamberlain (wd:Q10664) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q10664-0CE29A33-7A6C-4A8B-9550-4158B60B1803    |
| ...                             | ...                   | ...                                              |

[Assistant]
The property "position held" (p:P39) is used to indicate positions held by people. The objects are statement nodes that might have qualifiers.

Step 7: Let's look at the qualifiers of the position held statements for a known U.S. senator from Pennsylvania to find the relevant property indicating the state. Let's find a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania first.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find a U.S. senator from Pennsylvania using the property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) on the position did not return any results.

Step 8: Let's try a different approach. We know that senators are people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090). Let's find people who hold this position and then check if there is a property indicating the state they represent.

We will query for people who hold the position "United States senator" and look at the qualifiers of their position held statements.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                            | personLabel              | qualifier                     | qualifierLabel | value                                        | valueLabel                       |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | wikibase:rank                 |                | wikibase:NormalRank                          |                                  |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | rdf:type                      |                | wikibase:BestRank                            |                                  |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | rdf:type                      |                | wikibase:Statement                           |                                  |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | prov:wasDerivedFrom           |                | ref:5a60f19b90d652b287bdaeffe7b3fe4376d48ce2 |                                  |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | replaces (pq:P1365)           |                | Edward D. Crippa (wd:Q163011)                | Edward D. Crippa (en)            |
| ...                               | ...                      | ...                           | ...            | ...                                          | ...                              |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | parliamentary term (pq:P2937) |                | 73rd United States Congress (wd:Q4643305)    | 73rd United States Congress (en) |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | parliamentary term (pq:P2937) |                | 74th United States Congress (wd:Q4643381)    | 74th United States Congress (en) |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | parliamentary term (pq:P2937) |                | 75th United States Congress (wd:Q4643468)    | 75th United States Congress (en) |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | parliamentary term (pq:P2937) |                | 76th United States Congress (wd:Q4643534)    | 76th United States Congress (en) |
| Joseph C. O'Mahoney (wd:Q1000051) | Joseph C. O'Mahoney (en) | parliamentary term (pq:P2937) |                | 77th United States Congress (wd:Q4643615)    | 77th United States Congress (en) |

[Assistant]
The qualifiers on the position held statements for U.S. senators include "replaces" (pq:P1365) and "parliamentary term" (pq:P2937), but none directly indicate the state they represent.

Step 9: Let's try a different approach. We know that senators represent states. Let's search for properties related to "represent" or "state represented" for the entity "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) to find the relevant property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
5. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
9. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person
10. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as p/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) seems to be the most relevant for indicating the state a U.S. senator represents, but it did not work directly on the person or the position held.

Step 10: Let's try a different approach. Let's find the current U.S. senators (people) who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the qualifier "applies to jurisdiction" (pq:P1001) with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) on their position held statement.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find U.S. senators of Pennsylvania using the qualifier "applies to jurisdiction" (pq:P1001) on the position held statement did not return any results.

Step 11: Let's try a different approach. We know that senators are members of the United States Senate. Let's find members of the United States Senate (wd:Q13218630) who have a property indicating they represent Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

We will search for people who are members of the United States Senate and have a property related to Pennsylvania. Let's first find properties related to "state" or "represent" for the entity "United States Senate" (wd:Q13218630).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as p/wdt): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
7. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
8. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
9. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
10. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) is again the most relevant property for indicating the territorial jurisdiction of the United States Senate.

Step 12: Let's find the members of the United States Senate (wd:Q13218630) who have the property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find members of the United States Senate representing Pennsylvania using the property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) on the position did not return any results.

Step 13: Let's try a different approach. We know that senators are people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090). Let's find people who hold this position and have a property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) or "constituency" that indicates the state they represent.

We will search for properties related to "electoral district" or "constituency" for the entity "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
6. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no direct property related to "electoral district" or "constituency" for the entity "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090).

Step 14: Let's try to find the current U.S. senators of Pennsylvania by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have a statement or qualifier mentioning Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) in any way.

We will query for people who hold the position "United States senator" and check if Pennsylvania appears in any statement or qualifier related to their position held.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find U.S. senators of Pennsylvania by checking if Pennsylvania appears in any statement or qualifier related to their position held did not return any results.

Step 15: Let's try a different approach. We know that senators are people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090). Let's find the current U.S. senators by filtering those who have a position held statement with a "start time" (pq:P580) qualifier and no "end time" (pq:P582) qualifier, indicating they are currently in office.

Then, we will check if there is any property or qualifier indicating the state they represent.

Let's first find the current U.S. senators.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| senator                        | senatorLabel          |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| Chris Murphy (wd:Q1077594)     | Chris Murphy (en)     |
| Chris Van Hollen (wd:Q1077819) | Chris Van Hollen (en) |
| Peter Welch (wd:Q1112656)      | Peter Welch (en)      |
| Katie Britt (wd:Q111285444)    | Katie Britt (en)      |
| Cory Booker (wd:Q1135767)      |                       |
| Tim Sheehy (wd:Q124433916)     | Tim Sheehy (en)       |
| Bernie Moreno (wd:Q124858476)  | Bernie Moreno (en)    |
| Ed Markey (wd:Q1282411)        | Ed Markey (en)        |
| John Boozman (wd:Q1344707)     | John Boozman (en)     |
| Joni Ernst (wd:Q13475242)      | Joni Ernst (en)       |

[Assistant]
We found current U.S. senators, but we need to filter those who represent Pennsylvania.

Step 16: Let's check the qualifiers of the position held statements for these current senators to find the property or qualifier indicating the state they represent.

[Tool]
Got 274 rows and 6 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| senator                    | senatorLabel      | qualifier             | qualifierLabel | value                                        | valueLabel |
| -------------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------- | -------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ---------- |
| Chris Murphy (wd:Q1077594) | Chris Murphy (en) | wikibase:rank         |                | wikibase:NormalRank                          |            |
| Chris Murphy (wd:Q1077594) | Chris Murphy (en) | rdf:type              |                | wikibase:BestRank                            |            |
| Chris Murphy (wd:Q1077594) | Chris Murphy (en) | rdf:type              |                | wikibase:Statement                           |            |
| Chris Murphy (wd:Q1077594) | Chris Murphy (en) | prov:wasDerivedFrom   |                | ref:6ce00f6dbc40495fed6111db67e3ca65d972badb |            |
| Chris Murphy (wd:Q1077594) | Chris Murphy (en) | prov:wasDerivedFrom   |                | ref:c4cb01d583ff981166c4f3dc1c9d542c21856658 |            |
| ...                        | ...               | ...                   | ...            | ...                                          | ...        |
| Joni Ernst (wd:Q13475242)  | Joni Ernst (en)   | start time (pqv:P580) |                | v:f281dfbdd8e63208d651ac8ee4a7984a           |            |
| Joni Ernst (wd:Q13475242)  | Joni Ernst (en)   | end time (pqv:P582)   |                | v:039c0e76075a6942e780b1763d702c4a           |            |
| Joni Ernst (wd:Q13475242)  | Joni Ernst (en)   | end time (pqv:P582)   |                | v:6574aee4c7090810797131eb65a475ed           |            |
| Joni Ernst (wd:Q13475242)  | Joni Ernst (en)   | end time (pqv:P582)   |                | v:700f31b7c17432368cae65efa9b7a53c           |            |
| Joni Ernst (wd:Q13475242)  | Joni Ernst (en)   | end time (pqv:P582)   |                | v:f281dfbdd8e63208d651ac8ee4a7984a           |            |

[Assistant]
The qualifiers on the position held statements for current U.S. senators include "start time" (pq:P580), "end time" (pq:P582), "rank" (wikibase:rank), and references (prov:wasDerivedFrom), but none directly indicate the state they represent.

Step 17: Let's try to find the U.S. senators of Pennsylvania by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "representing" (wdt:P768) or similar with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

Let's search for properties related to "representing" for the entity "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as p/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
2. subject has role, also known as has role, role, subject had role, subject of qualified statement has role, subject of statement has role (wd:P2868 as p/wdt): role/generic identity of the item ("subject") in the context of ...acting roles, use P453 ("character role"). For persons, use P39.
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
5. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
6. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. female form of label, also known as female form of label (string), female gender sense, feminine form of label (wd:P2521 as p/wdt): female form of name or title (for male use P3321)
9. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
10. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is no direct property related to "representing" for the entity "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090).

Step 18: Let's try a different approach. We know that U.S. senators are members of the United States Senate (wd:Q13218630). Let's find members of the United States Senate who have the property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) or "constituency" that indicates Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

Let's search for properties related to "electoral district" or "constituency" for the entity "United States Senate" (wd:Q13218630).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
4. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
5. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
6. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as p/wdt): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
7. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) is the most relevant property for indicating the territorial jurisdiction of the United States Senate.

Step 19: Let's try a different approach. Let's find the current U.S. senators of Pennsylvania by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "applies to jurisdiction" (wdt:P1001) with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) on their position held statement.

We tried this before but let's try a slightly different query to check for qualifiers on the position held statement.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find U.S. senators of Pennsylvania using the qualifier "applies to jurisdiction" (pq:P1001) on the position held statement did not return any results.

Step 20: Let's try a different approach. Let's find the current U.S. senators by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) or "constituency" that indicates Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

Let's try to find people who hold the position "United States senator" and have the property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find U.S. senators of Pennsylvania using the property "electoral district" (wdt:P768) did not return any results.

Step 21: Let's try a different approach. Let's find the current U.S. senators by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "member of" (wdt:P463) or "affiliation" that indicates Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

Let's try to find people who hold the position "United States senator" and have the property "member of" (wdt:P463) with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query to find U.S. senators of Pennsylvania using the property "member of" (wdt:P463) did not return any results.

Step 22: Let's try a different approach. Let's find the current U.S. senators by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "residence" (wdt:P551) or "location" that indicates Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

Let's try to find people who hold the position "United States senator" and have the property "residence" (wdt:P551) with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| senator                    | senatorLabel       |
| -------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Rick Santorum (wd:Q155985) | Rick Santorum (en) |

[Assistant]
We found one senator, Rick Santorum, who has a residence in Pennsylvania and holds the position of United States senator. However, Rick Santorum is a former senator, not a current one.

Step 23: Let's try to find the current U.S. senators of Pennsylvania by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" (wd:Q4416090) and have the property "state represented" (wdt:P768) or similar with the value Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400).

Since we did not find a direct property for "state represented," let's try to find the current senators of Pennsylvania by looking for people who hold the position "United States senator" and have a statement or qualifier mentioning Pennsylvania (wd:Q1400) in any way.

We will query for people who hold the position "United States senator" and check if Pennsylvania appears in any statement or qualifier related to their position held.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?character ?characterLabel WHERE {
  ?film wdt:P161 wd:Q358345 ; p:P161 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P161 wd:Q358345 ; pq:P453 ?character .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?character rdfs:label ?characterLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?characterLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| character                    | characterLabel        |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Harvey Dent (wd:Q104902573)  | Harvey Dent (en)      |
| self (wd:Q18086706)          | self (en)             |
| Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) | Lando Calrissian (en) |

Billy Dee Williams played the character Lando Calrissian in Star Wars.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what character did billy d williams play in star wars?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what government did japan have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q17 wdt:P122 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Japan, also known as State of Japan, Nippon-koku, Nippon, Nihon-koku, Nihon (wd:Q17): island country in East Asia

Using properties:
basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as wdt): subject's government

Example 2:
Question:
what airport to fly into to get to clearwater florida?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q1248784 ; wdt:P131 wd:Q244146 .
}

Using entities:
airport, also known as aerodrome, air port, airports (wd:Q1248784): location where aircraft take off and land with extended support facilities, mostly for commercial air transport
Clearwater, also known as Clearwater, FL, City of Clearwater, Clearwater, Florida (wd:Q244146): county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, United States

Using properties:
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)

Example 3:
Question:
what was eli whitney education?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q280930 wdt:P69 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Eli Whitney, also known as Eli Whitney Jr. (wd:Q280930): American inventor (1765-1825), tax collector, entrepreneur, politician, inventor, engineer

Using properties:
educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

[Assistant] I have seen examples of how to query for roles or characters played by actors in movies or series. Now I will search for the entity "Billy D Williams" in Wikidata to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Billy Dee Williams, also known as William December Williams Jr., William December "Billy Dee" Williams Jr. (wd:Q358345): American actor (born 1937), recording artist, television actor, screenwriter, voice actor, film actor, novelist, painter, writer, singer, actor
2. Billy Drease Williams, also known as Edreys, Edreys Wajed (wd:Q4912488): record producer, American rapper, songwriter, rapper, singer
3. Billy Williams, also known as William Dennis "Billy" Williams, William Dennis Williams (wd:Q4913466): association football player, footballer, born 1905
4. Billy Dee Williams Self-Portrait (wd:Q47513010): painting by Billy Dee Williams
5. Bill Maynard, also known as Billy Williams (wd:Q3736724): English comedian and actor (1928–2018), association football player, stand-up comedian, television actor, stage actor, actor
6. Billy Williams (wd:Q123745): British cinematographer, camera operator, cinematographer, film actor, actor
7. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Leo Williams (wd:Q4913471): American former professional baseball outfielder, baseball player
8. David Williams, also known as D. Williams (wd:Q1177203): Welsh mathematician working in probability theory, university teacher, mathematician
9. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q3640062): American basketball player, basketball player
10. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q863272): African-American singer (1910-1972), singer

[Assistant] The entity "Billy Dee Williams" (wd:Q358345) matches the actor Billy D Williams. Next, I will search for properties related to the character or role he played in movies or series. I will search for properties of the entity "Billy Dee Williams" with the query "character".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
5. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
8. Swedish Film Database person ID, also known as Swedish Film Database person ID, svenskfilmdatabas.se/sv/item/?type=person, SFI person ID, SFDb person ID, Svensk Filmdatabas person ID (wd:P2168 as p/wdt): identifier for a person on the Swedish Film Database (SFDb)
9. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
10. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "character" or "role" for Billy Dee Williams did not return a direct property. I will try a different approach and search for properties related to "star wars" for Billy Dee Williams to see if there is a property linking him to his character in Star Wars.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
2. has works in the collection, also known as has items in the collection, works in collection, work in collection, museum housing this person's work, items in the collection (wd:P6379 as p/wdt): collection that has works of this person or organisation (use archives at [P485] for archives)
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
5. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
6. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as p/wdt): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
7. nickname, also known as informal name, moniker, other name, othername, other_names (wd:P1449 as p/wdt): informal name (for a pseudonym use P742), name
8. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
9. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
10. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in

No other items found

[Assistant] The search for properties related to "star wars" for Billy Dee Williams did not return a direct property linking him to his character. I will now search for the entity "Star Wars" to get its identifier. Then I will try to find the character Billy Dee Williams played in Star Wars by querying the cast or characters of Star Wars movies or series.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Star Wars, also known as 1977 Star Wars (wd:Q462): epic space opera multimedia franchise created by George Lucas
2. Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope, also known as 1977 Star Wars, A New Hope, Star Wars, Star Wars: A New Hope, Star Wars: Episode IV (wd:Q17738): 1977 film directed by George Lucas
3. Star Wars, also known as Star Wars: The Arcade Game (wd:Q54317): 1983 video game
4. Star Wars, also known as Star Wars (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack), Star Wars soundtrack (wd:Q2715371): 1977 soundtrack album
5. Star Wars, also known as 1991 Star Wars, Game Boy Star Wars, NES Star Wars (wd:Q54320): 1991 video game
6. Star Wars (wd:Q30597407): 1977 composition by John Williams
7. Star Wars: Starfighter (wd:Q55225): 2001 video game
8. Star Wars, also known as 1987 Star Wars (wd:Q54319): 1987 video game
9. Star Wars (wd:Q20720789): album by Wilco
10. Star Wars (wd:Q3180475): Japanese manga series

[Assistant] The entity "Star Wars" (wd:Q462) corresponds to the epic space opera multimedia franchise. Now I will write a SPARQL query to find the character played by Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) in the Star Wars franchise (wd:Q462). I will look for movies or series in the Star Wars franchise and the characters played by Billy Dee Williams in those works.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query did not return any results. The property P674 (characters played) might not be directly linked to the actor in this way. I will try a different approach: I will find the films in the Star Wars franchise where Billy Dee Williams acted and then find the character he played in those films using the property "cast member" (P161) and "character role" (P453).

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The query using the qualifier P453 (character role) did not return any results either. I will try a simpler approach: find the films in the Star Wars franchise where Billy Dee Williams acted, then find the character he played using the property "character role" (P453) directly linked to the actor.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The property P453 (character role) does not seem to be directly linked to Billy Dee Williams in this way. I will try another approach: I will find the films in the Star Wars franchise where Billy Dee Williams acted and then find the character he played by looking for statements about the film that link to the character and the actor.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The previous queries did not return any results. I will try a different approach: I will find the characters in Star Wars and check if Billy Dee Williams is linked as the actor for those characters. I will search for characters that have a property "portrayed by" or "played by" linking to Billy Dee Williams.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
2. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
3. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
4. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
5. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
6. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
7. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
8. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
9. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
10. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as pqn/pr/psv/wdtn/pqv/ps/wdt/p/pq/psn/prv/prn): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)

[Assistant] The property "portrayed by" or "played by" is represented by wd:P1299 (depicted by, acted by, portrayed by, played by). I will now search for characters in Star Wars that are linked to Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) using this property.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no characters directly linked to Billy Dee Williams with the property "portrayed by" (P1299) in the Star Wars franchise. I will try to find the characters linked to Billy Dee Williams in general, without restricting to Star Wars, to see if the character is linked in a different way.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no characters directly linked to Billy Dee Williams with the property "portrayed by" (P1299) in general either. I will try another approach: I will find the films in the Star Wars franchise where Billy Dee Williams acted and then find the character he played by looking for the property "cast member" (P161) and the qualifier "character role" (P453) on the film.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] The previous queries did not return any results. I will try a different approach: I will find the films in the Star Wars franchise where Billy Dee Williams acted and then find the character he played by looking for the property "cast member" (P161) and the qualifier "character role" (P453) on the film. I will also try to find the character by looking for the property "characters" (P674) on the film and see if Billy Dee Williams is linked to those characters.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] I could not find a direct link between Billy Dee Williams and the character he played in Star Wars using the properties I tried. However, based on general knowledge, Billy Dee Williams is known for playing the character "Lando Calrissian" in Star Wars. I will now verify if the character "Lando Calrissian" exists in Wikidata and if it is linked to Billy Dee Williams.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lando Calrissian, also known as Landonis Balthazar Calrissian III (wd:Q51799): fictional character in the Star Wars universe, businessperson, starship pilot, gambler, rebel
2. Lando Calrissian, also known as 1980 Lando Calrissian (wd:Q131785860): 1980 Star Wars miniature action figure
3. Lando Calrissian's father, also known as Lindo Calrissian (wd:Q117718181)
4. The Adventures of Lando Calrissian (wd:Q7712567): series of Star Wars novels
5. Lando Calrissian and the Flamewind of Oseon (wd:Q6484849): novel by L. Neil Smith
6. Lando Calrissian and the Mindharp of Sharu (wd:Q6484850): novel by L. Neil Smith
7. Lando Calrissian and the Starcave of ThonBoka (wd:Q16995885): Star Wars novel by L. Neil Smith
8. Lando, also known as Pope Lando (wd:Q104798): Pope from 913 to 914, Catholic priest
9. Landò (wd:Q2443775): human settlement in Malonno, Province of Brescia, Lombardy, Italy
10. Lando (wd:Q1803652): German-bred Thoroughbred racehorse

[Assistant] The entity "Lando Calrissian" (wd:Q51799) corresponds to the fictional character in the Star Wars universe. I will now check if this character is linked to Billy Dee Williams as the actor who portrayed him.

[Tool] False

[Assistant] The direct property "portrayed by" (P1299) does not link Lando Calrissian to Billy Dee Williams. I will try to find statements about Lando Calrissian that mention Billy Dee Williams as the actor using a broader query.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no direct properties linking Lando Calrissian to Billy Dee Williams. I will try to find the films or series where Billy Dee Williams acted and check if Lando Calrissian is a character in those works.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant] There are no films or series where both Billy Dee Williams is a cast member and Lando Calrissian is a character linked in the data. I will try to find the character roles of Billy Dee Williams in general to see if Lando Calrissian is among them.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| character                    | characterLabel        |
| ---------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Harvey Dent (wd:Q104902573)  | Harvey Dent (en)      |
| self (wd:Q18086706)          | self (en)             |
| Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) | Lando Calrissian (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q9123 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                | schoolLabel                   |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Nelson College (wd:Q1976962)          | Nelson College (en)           |
| Trinity College (wd:Q332342)          | Trinity College (en)          |
| University of Cambridge (wd:Q35794)   | University of Cambridge (en)  |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475) | University of Canterbury (en) |

Sir Ernest Rutherford attended the following schools: Nelson College, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, and University of Canterbury.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/api/wikidata-sebastian

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what school did sir ernest rutherford go to?

[Assistant] Let's start by looking at some examples.

[Tool]
Example 1:
Question:
what type of government does fiji have?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q712 wdt:P122 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Fiji, also known as FIJ, Fijī, Fijī Gaṇarājya, fj, Matanitu Tugalala o Viti (wd:Q712): island sovereign state in Oceania

Using properties:
basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as wdt): subject's government

Example 2:
Question:
what airlines hub in phoenix?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  ?x wdt:P113 ?p .
  ?p wdt:P131 wd:Q16556 .
}

Using entities:
Phoenix, also known as City of Phoenix, Valley of the Sun, PHX, Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix, AZ (wd:Q16556): city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States

Using properties:
airline hub, also known as hub airport, hub (wd:P113 as wdt): airport that serves as a hub for an airline
located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of

Example 3:
Question:
what did mozart do to become famous?

SPARQL:
SELECT DISTINCT ?x WHERE {
  wd:Q254 wdt:P106 ?x .
}

Using entities:
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, also known as Wolfgango Amadeo Mozart, W. A. Mozart, Volphnkank Amedaios Motsart, Wolfgang Amadeus Chrysostom Mozart, Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart (wd:Q254): Austrian composer of the Classical period (1756-1791), music educator, violinist, organist, composer, musician, pianist

Using properties:
occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)

[Assistant]
The question is about the school that Sir Ernest Rutherford attended. We need to find the entity for Sir Ernest Rutherford and then find the property related to the school or educational institution he attended.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Sir Ernest Rutherford" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ernest Rutherford, also known as Ernest Rutherford, primer barón Rutherford. de Nelson, E. Rutherford, Ernest Lord Rutherford, Ernest, Lord Rutherford (wd:Q9123): New Zealand physicist (1871–1937), university teacher, nuclear physicist, politician, professor, physicist, chemist
2. Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q41065867): scientific article
3. Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q67472783): scientific article published on April 12, 1976
4. Rutherford, Ernest (wd:Q103848810): encyclopedia article
5. Ernest Rutherford memorial (wd:Q122699205)
6. Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, Fellow and Physicist, also known as Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937), B... of Nelson, Fellow and Physicist, Sir Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q117280779): painting by Philip de László
7. Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford (wd:Q28051464): painting by Sir James Gunn
8. Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937) (wd:Q119248228): painting by Oswald Birley
9. Ernest R. Groves, also known as Ernest Rutherford Groves (wd:Q94624961): professor
10. Ernest Rutherford Special Collection (wd:Q62035565): Archival collection held at the McGill University Archives

[Assistant] The entity for Sir Ernest Rutherford is wd:Q9123. Now, let's find the property related to the school or educational institution he attended. We can search for properties related to education or school for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. student, also known as teacher to, teacher of, had student, students, pupils (wd:P802 as p/wdt): notable student(s) of the subject individual, significant person
3. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as p/wdt): person who has taught this person, significant person
4. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
5. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
6. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
7. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
8. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
9. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
10. academic degree, also known as academic diploma, degree, diploma (wd:P512 as p/wdt): academic degree that the person holds

No other items found

[Assistant] The property "educated at" (wdt:P69) corresponds to the school or educational institution attended by the subject. Now, let's query the school(s) that Sir Ernest Rutherford attended using this property.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                | schoolLabel                   |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Nelson College (wd:Q1976962)          | Nelson College (en)           |
| Trinity College (wd:Q332342)          | Trinity College (en)          |
| University of Cambridge (wd:Q35794)   | University of Cambridge (en)  |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475) | University of Canterbury (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process