PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q127417 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel FILTER ( lang( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                                             | schoolLabel                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| United States Army Command and General Staff College (wd:Q1115050) | United States Army Command and General Staff College (en) |
| Milwaukee High School of the Arts (wd:Q6861744)                    | Milwaukee High School of the Arts (en)                    |
| United States Military Academy (wd:Q9219)                          | United States Military Academy (en)                       |

Douglas MacArthur is listed in Wikidata as having attended the following schools: United States Military Academy (wd:Q9219), United States Army Command and General Staff College (wd:Q1115050), and Milwaukee High School of the Arts (wd:Q6861744). However, Milwaukee High School of the Arts was established after MacArthur's lifetime, so its inclusion is likely a data error. The other two institutions are historically accurate for MacArthur.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what school did douglas macarthur go to?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Douglas MacArthur".
2. The property is "educated at" or "school attended".

First, I will search for the entity "Douglas MacArthur" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Douglas MacArthur, also known as MacArthur, D. MacArthur, General MacArthur, General Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q127417): United States Army general in WWI, WWII and Korea (1880–1964), military officer, army officer
2. Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q47512806): painting by Howard Chandler Christy
3. Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q47509083): painting by Rudolphe Kiss
4. Douglas Macarthur (wd:Q110179636)
5. Douglas Allan Hamilton MacArthur, also known as Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q76272190): Peerage person ID=653481
6. Douglas MacArthur II (wd:Q269483): American diplomat (1909-1997), diplomat
7. General Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q5531839): artwork by Robert Dean
8. Douglas MacArthur Park (wd:Q49483971): park in Bexar County, Texas, United States of America
9. Douglas MacArthur Park (wd:Q49483969): park in Los Angeles County, California, United States of America
10. Douglas Hastings Macarthur (wd:Q5301578): New Zealand politician, politician

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the general is "Douglas MacArthur" (wd:Q127417).

Next, I need to find the property for "educated at" or "school attended". I will search for properties related to "education" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as p/wdt): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)
3. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as p/wdt): significant or notable events associated with the subject
4. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
5. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
6. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
7. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as p/wdt): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
10. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as p/wdt): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "educated at" (wdt:P69) is the correct one to use for finding which school Douglas MacArthur attended.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find all schools (educational institutions) that Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q127417) attended, returning their IRIs and optionally their labels.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                                             | schoolLabel                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| United States Army Command and General Staff College (wd:Q1115050) | United States Army Command and General Staff College (en) |
| Milwaukee High School of the Arts (wd:Q6861744)                    | Milwaukee High School of the Arts (en)                    |
| United States Military Academy (wd:Q9219)                          | United States Military Academy (en)                       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and retrieves the IRIs of the schools Douglas MacArthur attended, as well as their labels. However, there is a minor issue: 'Milwaukee High School of the Arts' (wd:Q6861744) is likely incorrect, as it was established long after MacArthur's time. This suggests that the data in Wikidata may be inaccurate or that the query is not sufficiently filtering for relevant time periods. The answer should either verify the correctness of the schools or mention the potential data issue. Otherwise, the query structure is correct and follows the guidelines.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To address the issue:

1. The query currently retrieves all schools linked to Douglas MacArthur, but does not verify if the attendance period aligns with his lifetime.
2. To improve accuracy, I will attempt to filter the results by checking for qualifiers on the "educated at" property, such as "start time" (P580), "end time" (P582), or "point in time" (P585), and ensure these dates are within MacArthur's lifespan (1880–1964).
3. If no qualifiers are present, I will note this as a potential data issue.

First, I will check if there are any qualifiers for the "educated at" statements for Douglas MacArthur.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                        | property            | object                                         |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q127417) | educated at (p:P69) | s:Q127417-34EB98FB-436C-417C-A708-D1087BB576F8 |
| Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q127417) | educated at (p:P69) | s:Q127417-5B25C66C-63F0-4A29-83ED-305A528DC8BA |
| Douglas MacArthur (wd:Q127417) | educated at (p:P69) | s:Q127417-84AB41A6-5412-49CD-B978-C437E380B975 |

[Assistant] There are three statement nodes for "educated at" for Douglas MacArthur. Next, I will inspect these statement nodes to see if they have any time qualifiers (such as "start time", "end time", or "point in time") to help verify the plausibility of the schools attended.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property             | object                                    |
| ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| s:Q127417-34EB98FB-436C-417C-A708-D1087BB576F8 | educated at (ps:P69) | United States Military Academy (wd:Q9219) |
| s:Q127417-34EB98FB-436C-417C-A708-D1087BB576F8 | wikibase:rank        | wikibase:NormalRank                       |
| s:Q127417-34EB98FB-436C-417C-A708-D1087BB576F8 | rdf:type             | wikibase:BestRank                         |
| s:Q127417-34EB98FB-436C-417C-A708-D1087BB576F8 | rdf:type             | wikibase:Statement                        |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property             | object                                          |
| ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q127417-5B25C66C-63F0-4A29-83ED-305A528DC8BA | educated at (ps:P69) | Milwaukee High School of the Arts (wd:Q6861744) |
| s:Q127417-5B25C66C-63F0-4A29-83ED-305A528DC8BA | wikibase:rank        | wikibase:NormalRank                             |
| s:Q127417-5B25C66C-63F0-4A29-83ED-305A528DC8BA | rdf:type             | wikibase:BestRank                               |
| s:Q127417-5B25C66C-63F0-4A29-83ED-305A528DC8BA | prov:wasDerivedFrom  | ref:be5f69165cbc9d30b540ce1d01adf3d02a47b3bf    |
| s:Q127417-5B25C66C-63F0-4A29-83ED-305A528DC8BA | rdf:type             | wikibase:Statement                              |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property             | object                                                             |
| ---------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| s:Q127417-84AB41A6-5412-49CD-B978-C437E380B975 | educated at (ps:P69) | United States Army Command and General Staff College (wd:Q1115050) |
| s:Q127417-84AB41A6-5412-49CD-B978-C437E380B975 | wikibase:rank        | wikibase:NormalRank                                                |
| s:Q127417-84AB41A6-5412-49CD-B978-C437E380B975 | rdf:type             | wikibase:BestRank                                                  |
| s:Q127417-84AB41A6-5412-49CD-B978-C437E380B975 | rdf:type             | wikibase:Statement                                                 |

[Assistant]
None of the "educated at" statements for Douglas MacArthur have time qualifiers such as "start time" or "end time". This means we cannot directly verify from the data whether the attendance at "Milwaukee High School of the Arts" is plausible for his lifetime (1880–1964).

Given that "Milwaukee High School of the Arts" was established after MacArthur's lifetime, this is likely a data error in Wikidata. The other two institutions, "United States Military Academy" and "United States Army Command and General Staff College," are historically accurate for MacArthur.

I will provide a refined answer and SPARQL query, noting the potential data issue.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all educational institutions associated with Douglas MacArthur in Wikidata, returning their IRIs and optionally their English labels. The answer also appropriately notes a likely data error (Milwaukee High School of the Arts) and highlights the historically accurate institutions. The query follows all guidelines, including returning IRIs and using optional labels. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT ?actor WHERE {
  wd:Q3577037 p:P161 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P161 ?actor ; pq:P453 wd:Q3036775 .
}

Janel Moloney (wd:Q114447) played Donna Moss on The West Wing.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who played donna on west wing?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. "Donna" refers to a character on "The West Wing" TV show.
2. The question is asking for the actor who played this character.

Step 1: Find the entity for "The West Wing".
Step 2: Find the character "Donna" on "The West Wing" (likely "Donna Moss").
Step 3: Find the property linking a character to the actor who portrayed them.
Step 4: Write a query to get the actor who played Donna Moss on The West Wing.

Let's start by searching for "The West Wing" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. The West Wing, also known as West Wing (wd:Q3577037): American political drama series created by Aaron Sorkin for NBC (1999–2006)
2. West Wing, also known as the West Wing, West Wing of the White House, White House West Wing (wd:Q1932621): west office section of the White House, Washington DC, USA
3. McGuffey Hall, also known as The West Wing (wd:Q123015331): building of Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, USA
4. The West Wing (wd:Q130511003): song by Akuma Kira
5. The West Wing (wd:Q130511005): instrumental track by Akuma Kira, Jarren Crist and Nolan Reese; 2015 studio recording
6. Pilot, also known as The West Wing pilot (wd:Q7194391): episode of The West Wing (S1 E1)
7. The West Wing Weekly (wd:Q28127811): American podcast
8. The West Wing Thing (wd:Q104867287): American podcast series
9. The West Wing, season 5 (wd:Q3730540): season of television series
10. The West Wing, season 4 (wd:Q3730539): season of television series

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the TV show "The West Wing" is wd:Q3577037.

Next, I need to identify the character "Donna" from this show. It's likely "Donna Moss", but I should confirm this by searching for "Donna Moss" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Donna Moss, also known as Donnatella Moss (wd:Q3036775): character in The West Wing, political adviser, secretary
2. Donna Moss HGTV (wd:Q18388670): American television personality and designer
3. moss, also known as Bryophyta, true mosses, Musci, mosses (wd:Q25347): division of plants
4. Dønna Municipality, also known as Dönna (wd:Q489347): municipality in Nordland, Norway
5. Donna, also known as Donna, Texas, Donna, TX (wd:Q976983): city in Hidalgo County, Texas, United States
6. Don, also known as Dom, Donna, Doña (wd:Q1138610): honorific title used in Iberia, the Hispanic world, Lusophone countries and Italy
7. Tu-126, also known as Moss, Tu126, Tupolev Tu-126, Tupolev Tu-126 Moss (wd:Q958576): airborne early warning aircraft model by Tupolev
8. Donna Donna, also known as Dos Kelbl (wd:Q908819): Yiddish song
9. Donna (wd:Q1241725): lunar crater
10. Donna, also known as Donna (given name), Donna (first name) (wd:Q1993601): female given name

[Assistant]
The character "Donna Moss" from The West Wing is wd:Q3036775.

Next, I need to find the property that links a fictional character to the actor who portrayed them. I will search for properties related to "portrayed by" or "actor" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
2. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
3. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
4. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
5. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
6. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
7. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
8. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
9. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
10. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for linking a character to the actor who portrayed them is "depicted by / portrayed by / played by" (wd:P1299).

Now, I will check if "Donna Moss" (wd:Q3036775) has a "portrayed by" (wd:P1299) property, and if so, who the object (actor) is.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that there is no direct "portrayed by" (wdt:P1299) property for Donna Moss (wd:Q3036775) in Wikidata.

Let's try another approach. The property "cast member" (wd:P161) is often used on the show entity to list actors and their roles. I will check if "The West Wing" (wd:Q3577037) has "cast member" (wd:P161) entries, and if those entries specify the character played (possibly as a qualifier).

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property               | object                          |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Martin Sheen (wd:Q184572)       |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Richard Schiff (wd:Q355209)     |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Allison Janney (wd:Q229487)     |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Rob Lowe (wd:Q296505)           |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Stockard Channing (wd:Q1117390) |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Bradley Whitford (wd:Q352180)   |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | John Spencer (wd:Q352748)       |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Dulé Hill (wd:Q458664)          |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Joshua Malina (wd:Q60422)       |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Janel Moloney (wd:Q114447)      |

[Assistant]
Among the cast members of "The West Wing" (wd:Q3577037), Janel Moloney (wd:Q114447) appears. I suspect she played Donna Moss, but to confirm, I should check if there is a qualifier or property linking Janel Moloney to the character Donna Moss.

I'll search for properties of the "cast member" (wd:P161) statement on "The West Wing" to see if a character role is specified.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. characters, also known as appears in this work (wd:P674 as p/wdt): characters which appear in this item (like plays, operas, operettas, books, comics, films, TV series, video games)
2. list of characters (wd:P1881 as p/wdt): Wikimedia page with the list of characters for this work, has list
3. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as p/wdt): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
6. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
7. TV Tropes ID, also known as Tropes ID, Tropes identifier, TV Tropes, TVTropes ID, TV Tropes identifier (wd:P6839 as p/wdt): identifier in the TV Tropes online wiki
8. narrative location, also known as set in location, set in, setting, setting location, setting of work (wd:P840 as p/wdt): the narrative of the work is set in this location, significant place, depicts
9. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as p/wdt): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
10. distribution format, also known as book format, type of media, publication format, method of distribution, medium (wd:P437 as p/wdt): method (or type) of distribution for the subject

No other items found

[Assistant]
There is a property "character role" (wd:P453) that is often used as a qualifier on "cast member" (wd:P161) statements to specify which character an actor played. Since Janel Moloney (wd:Q114447) is listed as a cast member, I will check if there is a "character role" qualifier linking her to Donna Moss (wd:Q3036775) in the context of "The West Wing".

I will list the statements for "The West Wing" (wd:Q3577037) with property "cast member" (wd:P161) and see if any have a qualifier for "character role" (wd:P453).

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property             | object                                          |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-20FE2E04-8D47-4B4D-AECB-B519C62EE033 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-551276A2-F054-4008-AE60-0A5439F59FB0 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-72FECFA4-FEDF-484E-A4C4-B46E389798F0 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-84D1A7EB-6341-4CA0-96A4-5FC06690F922 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-86CB4956-4DCD-4D64-99AF-AE2BCE80CFF9 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-94E230F3-DD1F-41E4-97A7-A88A6C2B1AB5 |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-D3A2AA0E-105A-4DF5-A101-73396A1F267B |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C |
| The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q3577037-FBA8F92F-3A12-4998-9664-6F0338642CF7 |

[Assistant]
Each "cast member" statement is represented as a statement node (e.g., s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C). To find out which one corresponds to Janel Moloney and whether it has a "character role" qualifier for Donna Moss, I need to look up the value of the main snak (ps:P161) for each statement node and check for the qualifier (pq:P453).

I'll start by listing the main snak (ps:P161) and character role qualifier (pq:P453) for each of these statement nodes.

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                           | property              | object                           |
| ------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| s:q1052826-1B55B495-523C-4A3D-B32D-F5A2AED9854B   | cast member (ps:P161) | Donald Trump (wd:Q22686)         |
| s:Q101077837-fd1fa7b8-4306-1b4e-e86e-e4ae0d2dccc4 | cast member (ps:P161) | Michael Jackson (wd:Q2831)       |
| s:Q104896367-97BBBA80-955B-4409-801C-75A8A47E37B4 | cast member (ps:P161) | Adolf Hitler (wd:Q352)           |
| s:Q104898370-A931CBD9-D98D-48D0-9650-D2EE823B3F89 | cast member (ps:P161) | Vladimir Putin (wd:Q7747)        |
| s:Q102390568-21A8A6FF-C58B-4B16-8472-206DC096E81A | cast member (ps:P161) | Vladimir Lenin (wd:Q1394)        |
| s:Q104894545-46F1B7FB-37DC-4905-B9E0-2AA9C8A543D3 | cast member (ps:P161) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207)         |
| s:Q102389744-C6F23C2A-DB64-4E5D-BF84-80D7D92CF8DC | cast member (ps:P161) | Joseph Stalin (wd:Q855)          |
| s:Q100104941-1fc4c73b-4932-bd99-f292-ef2efe9fb8ae | cast member (ps:P161) | Charlie Chaplin (wd:Q882)        |
| s:Q104898033-CB9364A5-DD88-49C2-BAD3-00796F67DF4C | cast member (ps:P161) | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (wd:Q5152) |
| s:Q104906809-E6B982B6-40DB-4371-9234-119D3FA546D6 | cast member (ps:P161) | The Beatles (wd:Q1299)           |
| ...                                               | ...                   | ...                              |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                         | property                 | object                        |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
| s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C | cast member (ps:P161)    | Bradley Whitford (wd:Q352180) |
| s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C | character role (pq:P453) | Josh Lyman (wd:Q5656906)      |
| s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank           |
| s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank             |
| s:Q3577037-F8B2DB29-1EFA-4219-8729-D1C4A5795D4C | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement            |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                         | property                 | object                          |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------- |
| s:Q3577037-FBA8F92F-3A12-4998-9664-6F0338642CF7 | cast member (ps:P161)    | Stockard Channing (wd:Q1117390) |
| s:Q3577037-FBA8F92F-3A12-4998-9664-6F0338642CF7 | character role (pq:P453) | Abbey Bartlet (wd:Q3603297)     |
| s:Q3577037-FBA8F92F-3A12-4998-9664-6F0338642CF7 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank             |
| s:Q3577037-FBA8F92F-3A12-4998-9664-6F0338642CF7 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank               |
| s:Q3577037-FBA8F92F-3A12-4998-9664-6F0338642CF7 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement              |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                         | property                 | object                    |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------- |
| s:Q3577037-551276A2-F054-4008-AE60-0A5439F59FB0 | cast member (ps:P161)    | Rob Lowe (wd:Q296505)     |
| s:Q3577037-551276A2-F054-4008-AE60-0A5439F59FB0 | character role (pq:P453) | Sam Seaborn (wd:Q3946354) |
| s:Q3577037-551276A2-F054-4008-AE60-0A5439F59FB0 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank       |
| s:Q3577037-551276A2-F054-4008-AE60-0A5439F59FB0 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank         |
| s:Q3577037-551276A2-F054-4008-AE60-0A5439F59FB0 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement        |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                         | property                 | object                    |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------- |
| s:Q3577037-20FE2E04-8D47-4B4D-AECB-B519C62EE033 | cast member (ps:P161)    | John Spencer (wd:Q352748) |
| s:Q3577037-20FE2E04-8D47-4B4D-AECB-B519C62EE033 | character role (pq:P453) | Leo McGarry (wd:Q6524042) |
| s:Q3577037-20FE2E04-8D47-4B4D-AECB-B519C62EE033 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank       |
| s:Q3577037-20FE2E04-8D47-4B4D-AECB-B519C62EE033 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank         |
| s:Q3577037-20FE2E04-8D47-4B4D-AECB-B519C62EE033 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement        |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                         | property                 | object                                       |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 | cast member (ps:P161)    | Martin Sheen (wd:Q184572)                    |
| s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 | character role (pq:P453) | Josiah Bartlet (wd:Q2715593)                 |
| s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 | prov:wasDerivedFrom      | ref:288ab581e7d2d02995a26dfa8b091d96e78457fc |
| s:Q3577037-94301208-5071-4BF9-A764-81C482341406 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                         | property                 | object                     |
| ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| s:Q3577037-72FECFA4-FEDF-484E-A4C4-B46E389798F0 | cast member (ps:P161)    | Janel Moloney (wd:Q114447) |
| s:Q3577037-72FECFA4-FEDF-484E-A4C4-B46E389798F0 | character role (pq:P453) | Donna Moss (wd:Q3036775)   |
| s:Q3577037-72FECFA4-FEDF-484E-A4C4-B46E389798F0 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank        |
| s:Q3577037-72FECFA4-FEDF-484E-A4C4-B46E389798F0 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank          |
| s:Q3577037-72FECFA4-FEDF-484E-A4C4-B46E389798F0 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement         |

[Assistant]
I have found that Janel Moloney (wd:Q114447) is listed as a cast member of "The West Wing" (wd:Q3577037) with the character role of Donna Moss (wd:Q3036775).

Now, I will write a SPARQL query that returns the actor (IRI) who played Donna Moss on The West Wing, along with an optional label.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the actor who played Donna Moss on The West Wing by selecting the cast member (P161) of The West Wing (wd:Q3577037) with the character role (P453) of Donna Moss (wd:Q3036775). The result matches the expected answer, and the query returns the required identifier. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel WHERE {
  ?country wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 .
  ?country wdt:P37 wd:Q188 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( lang( ?countryLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| country                 | countryLabel       |
| ----------------------- | ------------------ |
| Germany (wd:Q183)       | Germany (en)       |
| Belgium (wd:Q31)        | Belgium (en)       |
| Luxembourg (wd:Q32)     | Luxembourg (en)    |
| Liechtenstein (wd:Q347) | Liechtenstein (en) |
| Switzerland (wd:Q39)    | Switzerland (en)   |
| Austria (wd:Q40)        | Austria (en)       |

The countries that officially speak German are Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] which countries speak german officially?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. We need to find countries (entities of type "country").
2. These countries should have German as an official language.

Step 1: Find the entity for "German language".
Step 2: Find the property for "official language".
Step 3: Find the property or class for "country".

Let's start by searching for the entity "German language".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. German, also known as de, German language (wd:Q188): West Germanic language spoken mainly in Central Europe
2. German Language (wd:Q110262520): Stack Exchange site for speakers of German wanting to discuss the finer points of the language and translation
3. German (language) (wd:L4969-S1)
4. German (language) (wd:L612756-S1)
5. German language (wd:L1029357-S1)
6. German language (wd:L1121420-S2)
7. German language (wd:L1363537-S1)
8. Germanic, also known as Germanic family, Germanic language, Germanic language family, Germanic language group, Germanic languages (wd:Q21200): branch of the Indo-European language family
9. German Wikipedia, also known as dewiki, Wikipedia (de), wikipedia.de, German-language Wikipedia, German language Wikipedia (wd:Q48183): German-language edition of Wikipedia
10. Pennsylvania German, also known as Pennsylvanisch Deitsch, Pennsylvanisch, Pennsylvanian language, Pennsylvania German-language, Pennsylvania German language (wd:Q22711): variety of West Central German

[Assistant]
The entity for "German language" is wd:Q188.

Next, let's find the property for "official language".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
3. Ethnologue language status, also known as EGIDS, language status (wd:P3823 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language status identifier by Ethnologue.com using EGIDS scale
4. language regulatory body, also known as language authority, regulatory body (wd:P1018 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): regulatory body of a language
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
7. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
8. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))
9. programmed in, also known as language, programming language, written in (wd:P277 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the programming language(s) in which the software is developed
10. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed

[Assistant]
The property for "official language" is wdt:P37.

Now, let's identify the class or property for "country". I'll search for the entity "country".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. country music, also known as country, country and western, country & western (wd:Q83440): genre of American popular music
3. sovereign state, also known as country, nation, sovereign country, sovereign nation, Westphalian state (wd:Q3624078): state that has the highest authority over a territory
4. Dennis Rodman, also known as Rodzilla, Psycho, The Worm, Worm, Country (wd:Q201608): American basketball player, professional wrestler, basketball player, amateur wrestler, basketball coach, voice actor, film actor, actor
5. Country (wd:Q1754454): 1984 film directed by Richard Pearce
6. .country (wd:Q20571777): top-level domain
7. Country (wd:Q5177190): music album by Anne Murray
8. Country (wd:Q48816259): People in rural areas of the United States
9. Country (wd:Q26779428): Chilean political party founded in 2016
10. country (wd:Q22828881)

[Assistant]
The entity for "country" is wd:Q6256.

Now, let's put it all together:
- We want entities that are instances of "country" (wd:Q6256).
- These entities should have "official language" (wdt:P37) set to "German language" (wd:Q188).

Let's write a SPARQL query to find all such countries, returning their IRIs and optionally their labels.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| country                 | countryLabel       |
| ----------------------- | ------------------ |
| Germany (wd:Q183)       | Germany (en)       |
| Belgium (wd:Q31)        | Belgium (en)       |
| Luxembourg (wd:Q32)     | Luxembourg (en)    |
| Liechtenstein (wd:Q347) | Liechtenstein (en) |
| Switzerland (wd:Q39)    | Switzerland (en)   |
| Austria (wd:Q40)        | Austria (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all countries (wd:Q6256) where German (wd:Q188) is an official language (wd:P37). The query returns the IRIs of the countries, and the labels are included optionally as requested. The answer matches the expected set of countries. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?dob WHERE {
  wd:Q352 wdt:P569 ?dob
}

Adolf Hitler was born in 1889.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year was hitler was born?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity in question is "Hitler," which likely refers to Adolf Hitler.
2. The property we are interested in is "year of birth" or "date of birth."

First, I will search for the entity "Hitler" in Wikidata to get the correct identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hitler (wd:Q1621139): family name
2. Hitler, also known as Hitler (manga) (wd:Q11398262): Japanese manga series
3. Hitler (wd:Q3214254): 1962 film by Stuart Heisler
4. Hitler (wd:Q16248944): 1996 film directed by Siddique
5. Karim Mohamed, also known as Hitler, Karim Maamoun (wd:Q6370614): Egyptian tennis player, tennis player
6. Hitler (wd:Q5872013): 1997 Telugu film directed by Muthyala Subbaiah
7. Hitler, also known as Hitler (Ullrich books) (wd:Q96381145): 2-volume book collection by Volker Ullrich
8. Hitler, also known as Hitler 1889-1936: Hubris, Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis, Hitler: A Biography (wd:Q114088456): two-volume work by Ian Kershaw
9. Hitler (wd:Q5872017): 1998 film by T L V Prasad
10. Hitler (wd:Q5702998): book by Joachim Fest

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Adolf Hitler, also known as Bohemian Corporal (wd:Q352): dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, politician
2. Adolph, also known as Adolf Hitler (wd:Q12626556): computer virus
3. Adolf Hitler, also known as TMNT Adventures Adolf Hitler (wd:Q100345867): Adolf Hitler as depicted in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures comics
4. Adolf Hitler, also known as Family Guy Adolf Hitler (wd:Q120332530): Adolf Hitler as depicted in animated television series Family Guy, politician
5. Adolf Hitler (wd:Q78526535): edition; published in 1997
6. Adolf Hitler (wd:Q47510643): painting by Jerry Farnsworth
7. Adolf Hitler (wd:Q20463000): painting by Andrea Badami
8. Adolf Hitler (wd:Q112253120): painting by 1935 H. Knirr
9. Adolf Hitler (wd:Q112243291): painting by F. Heß
10. Adolf Hitler (wd:Q112235833): painting by R.G. Zill

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date on which the subject was born, inception
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. birthday, also known as b-day, bday, birth day (wd:P3150 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item for day and month on which the subject was born. Used when full "date of birth" (P569) isn't known., date of birth
4. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
5. commemorates, also known as monument to, memorial to, memorializes, marks, in memory of (wd:P547 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates, main subject
6. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
7. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
8. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
9. website username or ID, also known as user name, website username, website ID, username in social media, username (wd:P554 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): username or identifier on a website that the person or movement ... account on, for use as qualifier of "website account on" (P553)
10. pseudonym, also known as nom de plume, nom-de-plume, nome de guerre, pen name, ring name (wd:P742 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): alias used by someone (for nickname use P1449), name

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| dob                                 |
| ----------------------------------- |
| 1889-04-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the date of birth of Adolf Hitler (wd:Q352) using the property 'date of birth' (wdt:P569). The answer provided is accurate and matches the execution result. The query returns the actual IRI value as required, and no further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?song ?songLabel WHERE {
  ?song wdt:P31 wd:Q7366 .
  {
    ?song wdt:P86 wd:Q34086
  } UNION {
    ?song wdt:P676 wd:Q34086
  } UNION {
    ?song p:P86 ?composerStatement .
    ?composerStatement ps:P86 wd:Q34086
  } UNION {
    ?song p:P676 ?lyricistStatement .
    ?lyricistStatement ps:P676 wd:Q34086
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?song rdfs:label ?songLabel FILTER ( lang( ?songLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

The songs that Justin Bieber wrote (as composer or lyricist, including direct and qualified credits) according to Wikidata are: Heartbreaker, Boyfriend, Friends, 10,000 Hours, #thatPOWER, and Get Me.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are all the songs justin bieber wrote?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants all songs that Justin Bieber wrote.
2. We need to find the entity for "Justin Bieber".
3. We need to find the property for "wrote" in the context of songs, which is likely "songwriter" or "written by".
4. We need to filter for items that are songs.

First, I'll search for the entity "Justin Bieber".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Justin Bieber, also known as Justin Drew Bieber (wd:Q34086): Canadian singer (born 1994), musician
2. Lili Elbe, also known as Einar Mogens Andreas Wegener, Einar Wegener, Justin Bieber, Lili Ilse Elvenes (wd:Q1140735): Danish painter and transgender woman (1882–1931), painter
3. Justin Bieber (wd:Q127000216): Is It A Good Idea To Microwave This? experiment 296
4. Justin Bieber, also known as Saturday Night Live S38E13, Saturday Night Live, season 38 episode 13 (wd:Q110037270): episode of Saturday Night Live (S38 E13)
5. Justin Bieber: Seasons (wd:Q84078716): docu-series
6. Kristian Marolt, also known as Croatian Justin Bieber (wd:Q49272382): Croatian singer-songwriter, singer-songwriter
7. Promo: Justin Bieber (wd:Q110056122): sketch from Saturday Night Live
8. Justin Bieber's Believe (wd:Q15285106): 2013 American biographical concert film directed by Jon M. Chu
9. Asim Azhar, also known as Justin Bieber of Pakistan, The Justin Bieber of Pakistan (wd:Q66771659): Pakistani singer-songwriter, singer-songwriter
10. Justin Bieber: Our World (wd:Q108704270): 2021 film directed by Michael D. Ratner

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Justin Bieber, the Canadian singer, is wd:Q34086.

Next, I need to find the property that links a song to its writer or songwriter. I'll search for properties related to "wrote" or "songwriter".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): author of song lyrics, author
2. composer, also known as music by, written by, songwriter, musical score by, film score by (wd:P86 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person(s) who wrote the music [for lyricist, use "lyrics by" (P676)], creator
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. Spotify songwriter ID (wd:P8347 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): identifier for a songwriter credited on Spotify
5. author name string, also known as short author name, writer named as, writer name, writer indicated as, songwriting credits string (wd:P2093 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): stores unspecified author or editor name for publications; use i...or editor (P98) does not exist or is not known. Do not use both.
6. screenwriter, also known as story by, teleplay by, video game writer, writer (of screenplays), writing credits (wd:P58 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person(s) who wrote the script for subject item, film crew member, author
7. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
8. developer, also known as written by, video game developer, video game dev, game developer, game dev (wd:P178 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): organization or person that developed the item, creator
9. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
10. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for "wrote" in the context of songs are:

- composer (wd:P86): for the person who wrote the music (often used for songwriters)
- lyricist (wd:P676): for the person who wrote the lyrics

Since "songwriter" can refer to either or both, and Justin Bieber is often credited as both composer and lyricist, I should check both properties.

Next, I need to ensure I only get items that are songs. I'll search for the entity for "song".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. song, also known as vocal pieces, vocal piece, songs, pieces of vocal music, piece of vocal music (wd:Q7366): musical composition for voice(s)
2. Song of Songs, also known as Canticles, Song of Solomon, Song (wd:Q51670): book of the Bible
3. Song dynasty, also known as Song, Sung Dynasty, Sung, Song Dynasty, Song Empire (wd:Q7462): former imperial dynasty of China
4. Song (wd:Q1065073): one of the twelve feudal states of Western Zhou dynasty
5. Song (wd:Q120230): district in Phrae province, Thailand
6. Song (wd:Q667992): defunct low-cost airline
7. Song, also known as Sòng, Soong, Sung, 宋 (wd:Q717770): Chinese family name (宋)
8. Ming, also known as Mingti, Song, Songti, Sun (wd:Q1071487): family of CJK typefaces
9. Song (wd:Q7560957): LGA and town in Adamawa State, Nigeria
10. Xue Song, also known as Song (wd:Q1018013): Tang Dynasty non imperial prince, politician

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "song" as a musical composition is wd:Q7366.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query that finds all items that:
- are instances of "song" (wd:Q7366)
- have Justin Bieber (wd:Q34086) as composer (wdt:P86) or lyricist (wdt:P676)

I'll include both properties in a UNION to ensure we capture all songs he wrote music or lyrics for. I'll also optionally include the song label.

Here is the SPARQL query I will use:

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 1 column:
| song                        |
| --------------------------- |
| Heartbreaker (wd:Q15066943) |
| Boyfriend (wd:Q2001066)     |
| Friends (wd:Q37210766)      |
| 10,000 Hours (wd:Q69638465) |
| #thatPOWER (wd:Q7711127)    |
| Get Me (wd:Q83975347)       |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| song                        | label             |
| --------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Heartbreaker (wd:Q15066943) | Heartbreaker (en) |
| Boyfriend (wd:Q2001066)     | Boyfriend (en)    |
| Friends (wd:Q37210766)      | Friends (en)      |
| 10,000 Hours (wd:Q69638465) | 10,000 Hours (en) |
| #thatPOWER (wd:Q7711127)    | #thatPOWER (en)   |
| Get Me (wd:Q83975347)       | Get Me (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct: it retrieves all songs (wd:Q7366) where Justin Bieber (wd:Q34086) is either the composer (wdt:P86) or lyricist (wdt:P676). However, there are a few improvements to make:

1. The query should not use GROUP BY and SAMPLE for labels, as this is unnecessary unless there are multiple labels per song. Instead, just use OPTIONAL for the label.
2. The query should return only the IRIs (identifiers) of the songs, with labels as optional. The current query does this, so this part is correct.
3. Consider that Justin Bieber may have contributed as a co-writer, so the query is correct in including all songs where he is listed as composer or lyricist.
4. The query could be further refined by ensuring that only songs where he is explicitly credited as composer or lyricist are included (which it does).

Overall, the query is sensible and mostly correct, but the use of GROUP BY and SAMPLE is unnecessary and could be removed for clarity and efficiency.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is generally correct in that it retrieves songs where Justin Bieber is listed as either composer (P86) or lyricist (P676). However, there are some improvements to be made:

1. The query should ensure that it only returns the IRIs (identifiers) of the songs, with labels as optional, which is already done here.
2. The query currently only retrieves direct composer or lyricist credits. If Justin Bieber is credited via a role (e.g., as part of a songwriting team or via a more complex statement with qualifiers), those songs may be missed. Consider also checking for statements with qualifiers if completeness is required.
3. The query does not filter out songs where Justin Bieber is only one of multiple lyricists/composers, but this is likely acceptable unless the user specifies otherwise.
4. The result may not be exhaustive due to Wikidata incompleteness, but this is not a query issue.

Overall, the query is sensible and mostly correct, but could be refined for completeness regarding indirect credits.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To further refine the query for completeness, I will consider cases where Justin Bieber is credited as composer or lyricist via qualifiers (i.e., as part of a songwriting team or with more complex statements). This means I should check not only the direct properties (wdt:P86 and wdt:P676), but also the corresponding statement paths (p:P86 and p:P676) with qualifiers (ps:P86 and ps:P676).

Here's my plan:
- Retrieve all songs (wd:Q7366) where Justin Bieber (wd:Q34086) is credited as composer or lyricist, either directly (wdt:P86 or wdt:P676) or via statement paths (ps:P86 or ps:P676).
- Return the IRIs of the songs, with optional English labels.

I'll now write and execute the refined query.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| song                        | songLabel         |
| --------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Heartbreaker (wd:Q15066943) | Heartbreaker (en) |
| Boyfriend (wd:Q2001066)     | Boyfriend (en)    |
| Friends (wd:Q37210766)      | Friends (en)      |
| 10,000 Hours (wd:Q69638465) | 10,000 Hours (en) |
| #thatPOWER (wd:Q7711127)    | #thatPOWER (en)   |
| Get Me (wd:Q83975347)       | Get Me (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?residence ?residenceLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?property {
    wdt:P551 wdt:P263
  }
  wd:Q34479 ?property ?residence .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?residence rdfs:label ?residenceLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?residenceLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

This query will return all residences of Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479) using the 'residence' (P551) and 'official residence' (P263) properties, along with their IRIs and optional English labels. If the result is empty, it means Wikidata does not currently record any residence for Hirohito using these properties.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did emperor hirohito live?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Emperor Hirohito".
2. The property of interest is "place of residence" or "lived at".

First, I will search for the entity "Emperor Hirohito" in Wikidata to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hirohito, also known as Prince Michi, Emperor Shōwa, Showa, Shōwa, Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479): Emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989, military personnel, marine biologist, aristocrat, zoologist, diplomat, monarch
2. Annals of Emperor Showa, also known as Annals of Emperor Shōwa, Annals of Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q86339815)
3. Portrait of Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q120122666): photograph by Vincenzo Laviosa
4. Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako (wd:Q63195683)
5. 250 Shillings (Emperor Hirohito) [Num29821] (wd:Q132003665): Non-circulating coins - Milled - Somalia
6. 25 Shillings (Emperor Hirohito) [Num84930] (wd:Q132003361): Non-circulating coins - Milled - Somalia
7. emperor, also known as empress, imperator (wd:Q39018): type of monarch
8. monarch, also known as emperor, empress regnant, king, queen regnant (wd:Q116): person at the head of a monarchy
9. Emperor dragonfly, also known as Anax imperator, Blue Emperor, Emperor, Emperor Dragonfly (wd:Q527496): species of insect
10. Emperor of China, also known as Huang-ti, Huang Ti, Son of Heaven, thearch, Ti (wd:Q268218): sovereign of Imperial China

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Emperor Hirohito is wd:Q34479.

Next, I need to find the property in Wikidata that represents "place of residence" or "lived at". I will search for properties related to "residence".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
2. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization occupying property, used by
3. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
4. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
5. official residence, also known as resides at, lives in, palace, presidential mansion, presidential palace (wd:P263 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the residence at which heads of government and other senior figures officially reside, residence
6. number of households, also known as dwellings, households (wd:P1538 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): total number of households in this place, includes dwellings of all types
7. number of housing units, also known as dwelling-places, housing units, number of dwelling-places (wd:P10814 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): number of housing units (dwellings) in a specific place (such as city, county, state, country etc.)
8. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
9. property, also known as allowed qualifier (wd:P2306 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with P2...traint), or to limit the scope of Q44292881 (wikidata statement)
10. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main Wikidata property for this item

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "where did Emperor Hirohito live?" is "residence" (wd:P551).

Now, I will check which entities are listed as residences (wd:P551) for Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479).

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that there are no direct statements for the "residence" (wd:P551) property for Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479) in Wikidata.

However, another relevant property could be "official residence" (wd:P263), which is often used for monarchs and heads of state. I will check if this property is used for Emperor Hirohito.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
There are no direct statements for "official residence" (wd:P263) for Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479) either.

As an alternative, I will search for properties of Emperor Hirohito related to "palace" or "home", since Japanese emperors are often associated with specific palaces. I will search for properties using the keyword "palace".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. family, also known as royal house, noble family, member of family, house, dynasty (wd:P53 as p/wdt): family, including dynasty and nobility houses. Not family name (use P734 for family name)., member of
2. noble title, also known as hereditary title, nobility title, peerage, royal and noble ranks, royal title (wd:P97 as p/wdt): titles held by the person
3. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
4. religion or worldview, also known as believes, worldview, religious affiliation, religion or world view, religion (wd:P140 as p/wdt): religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject
5. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as p/wdt): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
6. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
7. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
8. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
9. image of grave, also known as headstone picture, image of gravestone, image of cenotaph, image of grave, image of shrine (wd:P1442 as p/wdt): picture of a person or animal's grave, gravestone or tomb, image
10. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person

No other items found

[Assistant]
There are no properties directly related to "palace" for Emperor Hirohito in Wikidata.

Given that both "residence" and "official residence" properties are not filled for Hirohito, and there are no direct palace-related properties, I will try a different approach: searching for entities that are residences of Japanese emperors in general, and see if any are linked to Hirohito specifically.

I will search for entities with the label "Imperial Palace" or similar, and check if they are linked to Hirohito as a resident.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ming Palace, also known as Imperial Palace (wd:Q838028): palace
2. back palace, also known as imperial harem, imperial palace, inner palace, rear palace (wd:Q5353683): Chinese harem palace
3. Imperial Palace, Annecy, also known as Impérial Palace (wd:Q3149534): hotel in Annecy, France
4. Imperial Palace (wd:Q131441258): former casino hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada
5. Imperial Palace (wd:Q6006812): novel by Arnold Bennett
6. Imperial palace (wd:L1358307-S1)
7. imperial palace (wd:L1181371-S1)
8. Tokyo Imperial Palace, also known as The Imperial Palace, Kōkyo (wd:Q500681): main residence of the Emperor of Japan
9. Mukden Palace, also known as Shenyang Imperial Palace Museum, Shenyang Imperial Palace (wd:Q852429): former imperial palace of the early Manchu-led Qing dynasty.
10. Kyoto Imperial Palace (wd:Q1202239): former imperial palace

[Assistant]
The "Tokyo Imperial Palace" (wd:Q500681) is the main residence of the Emperor of Japan, and is likely to be associated with Emperor Hirohito.

Now, I will check if there is a direct relationship in Wikidata between Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479) and Tokyo Imperial Palace (wd:Q500681) using any property, especially "residence" (wd:P551) or "official residence" (wd:P263).

[Tool]
Got 1,150 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject              | property                         | object                                                                                |
| -------------------- | -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                            |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | monarch (wd:Q116)                                                                        |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                       |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Hirohito (wd:Q11709840)                                                                  |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1901-04-29T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                      |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Emperor Shōwa                                                                            |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hirohito%20in%20dress%20uniform.jpg> |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Japan (wd:Q17)                                                                           |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | family name (p:P734)             | s:Q34479-A01CFA1A-BFB2-4663-A476-EE1DF0376733                                            |
| Hirohito (wd:Q34479) | part of (wdt:P361)               | Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako (wd:Q63195683)                                       |
| ...                  | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
There is no direct "residence" or "official residence" property linking Hirohito to the Tokyo Imperial Palace in the first set of properties. However, given that Tokyo Imperial Palace (wd:Q500681) is the main residence of the Emperor of Japan, and Hirohito was Emperor from 1926 to 1989, it is historically accurate that he lived there.

To provide a complete answer, I will write a SPARQL query that checks if there is any "residence" (wd:P551) or "official residence" (wd:P263) property linking Hirohito (wd:Q34479) to any entity, and if not, will return the likely residence, Tokyo Imperial Palace (wd:Q500681), as the answer, with an explanation.

Here is the SPARQL query to check for any residence or official residence for Hirohito, and if not, to suggest Tokyo Imperial Palace as the main residence.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
There are no explicit "residence" or "official residence" statements for Emperor Hirohito in Wikidata. However, based on historical knowledge and the fact that the Tokyo Imperial Palace (wd:Q500681) is the main residence of the Emperor of Japan, it is widely accepted that Emperor Hirohito lived at the Tokyo Imperial Palace during his reign.

Here is a SPARQL query that returns the Tokyo Imperial Palace as the main residence for Emperor Hirohito, with its identifier and optional label.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The current SPARQL query does not actually answer the user's question. It simply returns the IRI for the Tokyo Imperial Palace without establishing any relationship to Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q180852). The query should explicitly find the residence(s) of Emperor Hirohito by looking for a property such as 'residence' (P551) or an equivalent, linking Hirohito to his residence(s). Please revise the query to select the residence(s) of Emperor Hirohito using the appropriate property.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the previous query did not establish a direct relationship between Emperor Hirohito and his residence(s) using the appropriate properties.

Let me clarify my approach:
1. The correct entity for Emperor Hirohito is wd:Q34479 (not wd:Q180852).
2. The relevant properties for residence are "residence" (wdt:P551) and "official residence" (wdt:P263).
3. My goal is to select all entities that are linked to Hirohito via these properties.

I will now write a SPARQL query that returns all residences of Emperor Hirohito using these properties, including their IRIs and optional English labels.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is well-constructed: it checks both 'residence' (P551) and 'official residence' (P263) properties for Emperor Hirohito (wd:Q34479), returns the IRIs, and includes optional English labels. The explanation is clear, and the query follows all the required rules. The empty result is likely due to a lack of data in Wikidata, not a problem with the query itself. No further refinement is needed.