PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?location ?locationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q214524 wdt:P276 ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?locationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| location                | locationLabel   |
| ----------------------- | --------------- |
| Gettysburg (wd:Q694550) | Gettysburg (en) |

The Gettysburg Address was delivered in Gettysburg (wd:Q694550).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did the gettysburg address?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The question is asking about the location where the Gettysburg Address was delivered.
2. "Gettysburg Address" is likely an entity in Wikidata.
3. We need to find the property that links an event (the Gettysburg Address) to its location.

First, I will search for the entity "Gettysburg Address" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gettysburg Address (wd:Q214524): speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln
2. Gettysburg Address (wd:Q19046068): version of the text inscribed on the walls at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
3. The Gettysburg Address, also known as Gettysburg Address (wd:Q17097518): 2017 film directed by Sean Conant
4. A Gettysburg Address (wd:Q4656986): episode of Homeland (S2 E6)
5. Address at Gettysburg, also known as The Gettysburg Address (wd:Q56524787): version of Lincoln's speech, 1898 publication
6. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (wd:Q3832569): 1912 short film
7. The Gettysburg Address (wd:Q14752119): live album by Moon Safari
8. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (wd:Q76440716): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 144034)
9. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (wd:Q100307054): newspaper published in New York, New York
10. The Gettysburg Address (wd:Q87280588): episode of In Our Time

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the Gettysburg Address speech is wd:Q214524 ("Gettysburg Address": speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln).

Next, I need to find the property that links this speech to its location. I will search for properties of this entity related to "location".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as p/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
2. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
3. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
4. full work available at URL, also known as full text available at, full text available at URL, full text url, online mirror, online version (wd:P953 as p/wdt): URL of a web page containing the full body of this item, URL
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. title, also known as name, titled, page name, original title, known as (wd:P1476 as p/wdt): published name of a work, such as a newspaper article, a literary work, piece of music, a website, or a performance work, name
7. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as p/wdt): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
8. main subject, also known as primary topic, primary subject, primary keyword, plot keyword, of (wd:P921 as p/wdt): primary topic of a work (see also P180: depicts), depicts
9. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as p/wdt): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
10. language of work or name, also known as language of the reference, language of URL, language of website, language of work, named in language (wd:P407 as p/wdt): language associated with this creative work (such as books, show...guage" (P103) and "languages spoken, written or signed" (P1412))

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "location" (wdt:P276) is the most relevant for linking the Gettysburg Address to where it was delivered.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the location (wdt:P276) of the Gettysburg Address (wd:Q214524), and optionally retrieve a label for the location.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| location                | locationLabel   |
| ----------------------- | --------------- |
| Gettysburg (wd:Q694550) | Gettysburg (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the location (Gettysburg) where the Gettysburg Address was delivered, using the appropriate property (wdt:P276) for location. The query also optionally retrieves the English label for the location. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?occupation ?occupationLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q5702260 wdt:P106 ?occupation .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?occupation rdfs:label ?occupationLabel FILTER ( lang( ?occupationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| occupation                | occupationLabel |
| ------------------------- | --------------- |
| film actor (wd:Q10800557) | film actor (en) |
| actor (wd:Q33999)         | actor (en)      |
| model (wd:Q4610556)       | model (en)      |

Helen Flanagan's occupations include film actor, actor, and model. The query returns both the IRIs and the English labels for each occupation.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what does helen flanagan do?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about "Helen Flanagan" and what she "does"—this typically refers to her occupation(s) or profession(s).
2. First, I need to identify the correct entity for Helen Flanagan in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the property in Wikidata that represents "occupation" or "profession."
4. Finally, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve Helen Flanagan's occupation(s).

Let's start by searching for the entity "Helen Flanagan" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Helen Flanagan (wd:Q5702260): English actress, film actor, model, actor
2. Helen Anna Flanagan (wd:Q108477380): performance artist, visual artist, video artist, artist
3. Helen of Troy, also known as Helen, Helen of Argos, Helen of Sparta (wd:Q164061): daughter of Zeus in Greek mythology
4. Helen, also known as Helen, GA, Helen, Georgia (wd:Q1601823): city in White County, Georgia, United States
5. Helen, also known as Helen Khan, Helen Richardson Khan, Helen Jairag Richardson, Helen Ann Richardson Khan (wd:Q467223): Indian film actress and dancer of Anglo-Burmese descent, television actor, film actor, dancer
6. Flanagan, also known as Flanagan, Illinois (wd:Q1929330): human settlement in Illinois, United States of America
7. Helen, also known as Eur. Hel. (wd:Q1248812): ancient Greek tragedy by Euripides
8. Nakajima Ki-49 Donryu, also known as Helen bomber, Type 100 Heavy Bomber, Storm Dragon, Ki49, Ki-49 (wd:Q1393091): Japanese bomber aircraft
9. Helen, also known as Helen, West Virginia, Helen, WV (wd:Q511980): census designated place in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States
10. Helen, also known as Helen (first name), Helen (given name) (wd:Q13376892): female given name

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
2. field of this occupation, also known as practice, works in, profession's field, practices, field of this profession (wd:P425 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): field corresponding to this occupation or profession (use only f...fessions - for people use Property:P101, for companies use P452)
3. members have occupation, also known as profession of members, organization of, organization for, organisation of, organisation for (wd:P3989 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): some or all members of this group share the occupation
4. practiced by, also known as proponent, studied by, practitioners, practioner, occupation of this field (wd:P3095 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): type of agents that study this subject or work in this field
5. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
6. employer, also known as working at, working for, working place, works at, works for (wd:P108 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization for which the subject works or worked, affiliation
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. occupant, also known as tenant, resident, renter, occupiers, lessee (wd:P466 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization occupying property, used by
9. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
10. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| occupation                | occupationLabel |
| ------------------------- | --------------- |
| film actor (wd:Q10800557) | film actor (en) |
| actor (wd:Q33999)         | actor (en)      |
| model (wd:Q4610556)       | model (en)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the occupations of Helen Flanagan by returning the IRIs of her occupations. However, the answer provided to the user is a list of human-readable labels, which is fine, but the query itself does not return these labels. For a more user-friendly answer, the query should optionally include the rdfs:label for each occupation, so that the system can provide both the IRIs and their human-readable names if needed. This will make the output more informative and aligned with best practices.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The query correctly retrieves Helen Flanagan's occupations by returning the IRIs for each occupation and optionally their English labels. The answer is accurate and complete according to the user's question. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?senator ?senatorLabel WHERE {
  ?senator p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q4416090 ; pq:P768 ?district .
  FILTER ( ?district = wd:Q101498874 || ?district = wd:Q101498986 ) OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?end .
  }
  FILTER ( ! BOUND( ?end ) || ?end > NOW () ) OPTIONAL {
    ?senator rdfs:label ?senatorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?senatorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| senator                          | senatorLabel            |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| John Fetterman (wd:Q3181500)     | John Fetterman (en)     |
| David H. McCormick (wd:Q5234544) | David H. McCormick (en) |

The current U.S. senators from Pennsylvania are John Fetterman and David H. McCormick.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who are the u s senators of pennsylvania?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the current U.S. senators representing Pennsylvania.
2. We need to identify the entity for Pennsylvania, the entity or class for U.S. senators, and the property that links senators to the state they represent.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Pennsylvania" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pennsylvania, also known as PA, Pa., US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
2. Pennsylvania, also known as US-PA, State of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, United States, Penna., Pa. (wd:Q1400): state of the United States of America
3. Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Colony of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Colony (wd:Q2475732): former colony in North America, part of Great Britain
4. Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania, AL (wd:Q18392474): unincorporated community in Alabama
5. Pennsylvania (wd:Q3960056): state song of Pennsylvania, United States
6. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163626): suburb in Exeter, Devon, England, UK
7. Pennsylvania (wd:Q1777290): steamboat
8. Pennsylvania (wd:Q7163634): album by Pere Ubu
9. Pennsylvania (wd:Q23863889): article in Otto's encyclopedia
10. Pennsylvania, also known as IMO 9486958 (wd:Q83651224): ship built in 2012

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the state of Pennsylvania is wd:Q1400.

Next, we need to identify the property that links a U.S. senator to the state they represent. Let's search for properties related to "senator" or "represents".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID, also known as Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate senator ID, Senate biography id, Sen id (wd:P11281 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): an entry in the Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate
2. Senate of Romania person ID (wd:P9523 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): identifier for a person on the senat.ro website
3. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner
4. Dutch Senate person ID, also known as DSP ID (wd:P1959 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): identifier for a person on the website of the Dutch Senate
5. Federation Council person ID, also known as council.gov.ru ID, russian senator ID (wd:P10047 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): ID of a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
6. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): persons who hold and/or held the position
7. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
8. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
9. nominee, also known as award nominee (wd:P2453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier used with “nominated for” to specify which person or organization was nominated
10. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

[Assistant]
The property "position held" (wd:P39) is commonly used to indicate that a person holds or has held a particular office, such as U.S. senator. We need to find the specific entity for "United States senator" to use as the value for this property.

Let's search for the entity "United States senator" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United States senator, also known as U.S. senator, US senator (wd:Q4416090): member of the United States Senate
2. state senator, also known as United States state senator, state senator of the United States, US state senator, U.S. state senator (wd:Q7603534): member of an upper house of a U.S. state legislature
3. classes of United States Senators (wd:Q1744546): cohorts of senate seats whose holders will be elected in a given year
4. On Being Chosen United States Senator (wd:Q19085707)
5. AGES of United States Senators (wd:Q83349417): scientific article published on 01 March 1947
6. Longevity of United States Senators (wd:Q72412902): scientific article published on 01 May 1969
7. Viewpoint of a United States Senator (wd:Q70439396): scientific article published on 01 September 1972
8. Cranston, Alan MacGregor (1914-2000), United States senator (wd:Q103852732): encyclopedia article
9. United States Senator Ted Kennedy Visits Israel (wd:Q113666341): newsreel
10. Senator of the United States Virgin Islands (wd:Q20846080): member of the legislature of the Virgin Islands

[Assistant]
The correct entity for "United States senator" is wd:Q4416090.

Now, we need to find how to specify the state represented by the senator. Usually, there is a qualifier or property indicating the "represented by" or "represents" relationship. Let's search for properties related to "represents" or "represented by".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. symbol represents, also known as notation represents, representing, represents, symbol representing (wd:P9758 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier for "in defining formula" (P7235) which indicates the ...erator represented by a symbol in the "defining formula" (P2534)
2. Wikidata item of this property, also known as associated item, Wikidata property subject item, Wikidata item for this property, subject of this property, subject of property (wd:P1629 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item corresponding to the concept represented by the property
3. represents, also known as represents organisation, stands for, symbolises, symbolizes, team for (wd:P1268 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): organization, individual, or concept that an entity represents
4. depicts, also known as portrays, presents, preserves, quotes, represents (wd:P180 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): entity visually depicted in an image, literarily described in a ...o an audiovisual or other medium; see also P921,  'main subject', has part(s)
5. represented by, also known as agent, managed by, manager, managing agent, rep (wd:P1875 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or agency that represents or manages the subject
6. representation of (wd:P4646 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): performing arts production the item is a representation of
7. symbolizes, also known as notates, symbolises, symbol for, notation for, a symbol for (wd:P4878 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): symbolism of an artistic element; can also be used as a qualifier for "depicts" (P180) statements, represents
8. symbol of, also known as emblem of, flag of, logo of, seal of, symbolises (wd:P8058 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item of which the image is a symbol
9. notation, also known as denoted, symbol (wd:P913 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): mathematical notation or another symbol
10. Represent Me ID, also known as Queerly Represent Me ID (wd:P6554 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): identifier of games on Represent Me

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
3. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
4. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
9. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as p/wdt): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
10. honorific prefix, also known as called, style prefix, referred to as, pre-nominal, honorific title (wd:P511 as p/wdt): word or expression used before a name, in addressing or referring to a person

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coat of arms image, also known as symbol, representation (heraldic), image of coat of arms, emblem, heraldic, CoA image (wd:P94 as p/wdt): image of the item's coat of arms - for the shield part only use P4004, image
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
4. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
5. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
6. applies to jurisdiction, also known as belongs to jurisdiction, applies to territorial jurisdiction, applies to region, applies to place, applies to geographic place (wd:P1001 as p/wdt): the item (institution, law, public office, public register...) o...a territorial jurisdiction: a country, state, municipality, ...), significant place, characteristic of, operating area
7. Wikidata property, also known as main property, property for this item, property, has property (wd:P1687 as p/wdt): main Wikidata property for this item
8. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
9. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
10. male form of label, also known as male form of label (string), male gender sense, masculine form of label (wd:P3321 as p/wdt): male form of name or title (for female use P2521)

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 2,032 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                       | property                | object                              |
| ----------------------------- | ----------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76)         | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Joe Biden (wd:Q6279)          | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| John F. Kennedy (wd:Q9696)    | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Harry S. Truman (wd:Q11613)   | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Hillary Clinton (wd:Q6294)    | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Richard Nixon (wd:Q9588)      | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Kamala Harris (wd:Q10853588)  | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Lyndon B. Johnson (wd:Q9640)  | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| John Quincy Adams (wd:Q11816) | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| Andrew Jackson (wd:Q11817)    | position held (wdt:P39) | United States senator (wd:Q4416090) |
| ...                           | ...                     | ...                                 |

[Tool]
Got 2,293 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject               | property                         | object                                                                              |
| --------------------- | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                       |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | politician (wd:Q82955)                                                              |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                  |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Barack (wd:Q18643532)                                                               |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1961-08-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                 |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Barack Obama                                                                        |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/President%20Barack%20Obama.jpg> |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | United States (wd:Q30)                                                              |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Obama (wd:Q5280414)                                                                 |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | described at URL (wdt:P973)      | <https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/barack-obama/>         |
| ...                   | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject               | property              | object                                     |
| --------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q76-4d1479a1-4ec6-429b-9f1c-5582dfd98345 |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q76-6CA80C5F-19D1-4910-98C5-7755722A2225 |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | position held (p:P39) | s:Q76-910e0594-4133-2286-03d1-879f68193e24 |
| Barack Obama (wd:Q76) | position held (p:P39) | s:q76-D4FDE516-F20C-4154-ADCE-7C5B609DFDFF |

[Tool]
Got 15 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                    | property                       | object                                                       |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | position held (ps:P39)         | United States senator (wd:Q4416090)                          |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | start time (pq:P580)           | 2007-01-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                          |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | end time (pq:P582)             | 2008-11-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                          |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | replaced by (pq:P1366)         | Roland Burris (wd:Q609172)                                   |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | electoral district (pq:P768)   | Illinois Class 3 senate seat (wd:Q101499034)                 |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | parliamentary term (pq:P2937)  | 110th United States Congress (wd:Q170018)                    |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | parliamentary group (pq:P4100) | Democratic Party (wd:Q29552)                                 |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | elected in (pq:P2715)          | 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois (wd:Q3586671) |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | end cause (pq:P1534)           | resignation (wd:Q796919)                                     |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | wikibase:rank                  | wikibase:NormalRank                                          |
| ...                                        | ...                            | ...                                                          |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                    | property                     | object                                       |
| ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q76-332A67A7-449C-41D5-B716-FE99DFE63FD0 | electoral district (pq:P768) | Illinois Class 3 senate seat (wd:Q101499034) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pennsylvania Class 1 senate seat, also known as Pennsylvania senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498874): Class 1 United States senate seat for Pennsylvania
2. California Class 1 senate seat, also known as California senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498902): Class 1 United States senate seat for California
3. Connecticut Class 1 senate seat, also known as Connecticut senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498836): Class 1 United States senate seat for Connecticut
4. Arizona Class 1 senate seat, also known as Arizona senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498900): Class 1 United States senate seat for Arizona
5. Hawaii Class 1 senate seat, also known as Hawaii senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498906): Class 1 United States senate seat for Hawaii
6. Delaware Class 1 senate seat, also known as Delaware senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498857): Class 1 United States senate seat for Delaware
7. Indiana Class 1 senate seat, also known as Indiana senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498915): Class 1 United States senate seat for Indiana
8. Florida Class 1 senate seat, also known as Florida senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498905): Class 1 United States senate seat for Florida
9. Pennsylvania Class 3 senate seat, also known as Pennsylvania senate seat (III) (wd:Q101498986): Class 3 United States senate seat for Pennsylvania
10. Michigan Class 1 senate seat, also known as Michigan senate seat (I) (wd:Q101498922): Class 1 United States senate seat for Michigan

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 251 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| senator                           |
| --------------------------------- |
| Charles R. Buckalew (wd:Q1065830) |
| Charles R. Buckalew (wd:Q1065830) |
| Charles R. Buckalew (wd:Q1065830) |
| Daniel Sturgeon (wd:Q1162819)     |
| Daniel Sturgeon (wd:Q1162819)     |
| ...                               |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           |

[Tool]
Got 56 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| senator                           |
| --------------------------------- |
| Charles R. Buckalew (wd:Q1065830) |
| Daniel Sturgeon (wd:Q1162819)     |
| David A. Reed (wd:Q1173516)       |
| James Buchanan (wd:Q12325)        |
| Edgar Cowan (wd:Q1283842)         |
| ...                               |
| Bob Casey (wd:Q887841)            |
| Boies Penrose (wd:Q891015)        |
| Richard Schweiker (wd:Q928768)    |
| Walter Lowrie (wd:Q951798)        |
| Pat Toomey (wd:Q971308)           |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| senator                          |
| -------------------------------- |
| John Fetterman (wd:Q3181500)     |
| David H. McCormick (wd:Q5234544) |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| senator                          | senatorLabel            |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| John Fetterman (wd:Q3181500)     | John Fetterman (en)     |
| David H. McCormick (wd:Q5234544) | David H. McCormick (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the current U.S. senators from Pennsylvania by filtering for the two relevant senate seats (Class 1 and Class 3), ensuring the office is currently held (no end date or end date in the future), and retrieves the IRIs and optional English labels. The answer matches the expected result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT ?film ?character WHERE {
  VALUES ?film {
    wd:Q181795 wd:Q181803 wd:Q20977110
  }
  ?film p:P161 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P161 wd:Q358345 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P453 ?character
  }
}

Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| film                                                         | character                    |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795)  | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |
| Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803)      | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |
| Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker (wd:Q20977110) | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |

Billy Dee Williams played the character Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) in the Star Wars films: The Empire Strikes Back, Return of the Jedi, and The Rise of Skywalker.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what character did billy d williams play in star wars?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know which character Billy Dee Williams played in Star Wars.
2. We need to identify the entity for Billy Dee Williams.
3. We need to identify the entity for the Star Wars franchise or films.
4. We need to find the property that links an actor to a character in a film (likely "cast member", "character portrayed", or similar).
5. We need to filter for the relevant Star Wars films.

First, let's search for the entity "Billy Dee Williams".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Billy Dee Williams, also known as William December Williams Jr., William December "Billy Dee" Williams Jr. (wd:Q358345): American actor (born 1937), recording artist, television actor, screenwriter, voice actor, film actor, novelist, painter, writer, singer, actor
2. Billy Dee Williams Self-Portrait (wd:Q47513010): painting by Billy Dee Williams
3. Bill Maynard, also known as Billy Williams (wd:Q3736724): English comedian and actor (1928–2018), association football player, stand-up comedian, television actor, stage actor, actor
4. Billy Williams (wd:Q123745): British cinematographer, camera operator, cinematographer, film actor, actor
5. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Leo Williams (wd:Q4913471): American former professional baseball outfielder, baseball player
6. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q3640062): American basketball player, basketball player
7. Billy Dee (wd:Q4912456): American pornographic actor, pornographic actor, actor
8. Billy Williams, also known as Wilfred Williams (wd:Q863272): African-American singer (1910-1972), singer
9. Billy Williams, also known as Billy Louis Williams (wd:Q18619122): American football player
10. Billy Williams, also known as William "Billy" Williams (wd:Q4913467): English footballer, born 1876, association football player

[Assistant]
The top result for "Billy Dee Williams" is wd:Q358345, which is the correct entity for the actor.

Next, I need to identify the relevant Star Wars films or the franchise entity. To be precise, it's best to look for the films in which Billy Dee Williams appeared, and then filter for those that are Star Wars films.

Now, I will search for properties linking an actor to a character in a film, such as "cast member", "character portrayed", or similar.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
2. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
3. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
4. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
5. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
6. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
7. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
8. personality trait of fictional character, also known as personality trait, personality trait of fictitious character, personal quality of fictional character, fictitious character personality trait, personal quality of fictitious character (wd:P9652 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): particular personality trait which applies to this fictional character
9. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
10. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for linking an actor to a character in a film is "character role" (wd:P453), which is used as a qualifier of "cast member" (P161) or "voice actor" (P725).

Next, I need to find the Star Wars films in which Billy Dee Williams was a cast member, and retrieve the character role he played.

I'll start by listing triples where Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) is a cast member (P161) in any film, and see if the "character role" qualifier is present.

[Tool]
Got 55 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                      | property               | object                          |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795)  | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803)      | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| Batman (wd:Q116852)                                          | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| Modern Family (wd:Q16756)                                    | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| NCIS (wd:Q4525)                                              | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker (wd:Q20977110) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| The Conversation (wd:Q1009788)                               | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| Dynasty (wd:Q584025)                                         | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| Private Practice (wd:Q283393)                                | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| I Am Not Your Negro (wd:Q27038025)                           | cast member (wdt:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| ...                                                          | ...                    | ...                             |

[Assistant]
Billy Dee Williams is listed as a cast member in the following Star Wars films:
- Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795)
- Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803)
- Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker (wd:Q20977110)

Now, I need to find the character role he played in these films. Since "character role" (wd:P453) is used as a qualifier of "cast member" (P161), I will look for statements on these films where Billy Dee Williams is the cast member and retrieve the character role qualifier. Let's start with "Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back" (wd:Q181795).

[Tool]
Got 970 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                     | property                     | object                                                 |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | film (wd:Q11424)                                       |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (en)    |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | publication date (wdt:P577)  | 1980-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                    |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | main subject (wdt:P921)      | flying saucer (wd:Q5401971)                            |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back         |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | part of (wdt:P361)           | National Film Registry (wd:Q823422)                    |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | described at URL (wdt:P973)  | <http://www.movist.com/movist3d/movie.asp?mid=135>     |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | country of origin (wdt:P495) | United States (wd:Q30)                                 |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | official website (wdt:P856)  | <http://www.starwars.com/explore/the-movies/episode-v> |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | genre (wdt:P136)             | action film (wd:Q188473)                               |
| ...                                                         | ...                          | ...                                                    |

[Tool]
Got 27 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                     | property             | object                                         |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q181795-5145D99A-70DB-4EB5-BCA3-DDD5639FE0A0 |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q181795-593a11ac-7cb5-46bb-8af8-6febf95d6feb |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q181795-5abd8e1c-2dd8-41af-9480-eade8b9da45a |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q181795-64CF8A87-0D09-486D-A648-59BBB5C4D14B |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q181795-64D77CFF-FAEB-401B-9E61-392A3E1EDA58 |
| ...                                                         | ...                  | ...                                            |

[Tool]
Got 55 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                           | property              | object                          |
| ------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| s:Q1009788-94A9D9A0-EB01-43EF-B2E0-2C092EEA6C15   | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:Q10381419-51cd8354-4f8b-9882-4174-07f76053d99b  | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:Q1050215-A252F924-CBCA-4494-B0FB-5E336D20635D   | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:Q10532943-95B24329-3E5D-4015-A9CD-C6CC3F1DB52F  | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:Q107589360-8d453bbb-4836-b3be-694f-08a13d832044 | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:Q111984100-073F0B41-303F-4C66-94D1-AEC5203E8110 | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:q116852-65EB438D-0267-407B-A6AA-FE863E970863    | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:Q11764687-1AC97973-5A74-4BAE-B61B-EF44FD96B160  | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:q12127336-84323C8D-FBE1-45F8-8D8E-2FD8035A19F4  | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| s:q1399258-ACB0D45E-87D6-4F0F-A472-156E0620F22A   | cast member (ps:P161) | Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) |
| ...                                               | ...                   | ...                             |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | cast member (ps:P161) | Mark Jones (wd:Q6768281)                     |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:697ebe753b838814bf6eb9bc6d52bbae34d1a790 |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 | cast member (ps:P161)    | Julian Glover (wd:Q499644)                   |
| s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 | character role (pq:P453) | Maximilian Veers (wd:Q2630856)               |
| s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 | prov:wasDerivedFrom      | ref:9a24f7c0208b05d6be97077d855671d1dfdbc0dd |
| s:q181795-1D1195F9-72F9-4423-B8AB-C5B89DA3BC89 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF | cast member (ps:P161)    | Jeremy Bulloch (wd:Q2369237)                 |
| s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF | character role (pq:P453) | Boba Fett (wd:Q51790)                        |
| s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF | prov:wasDerivedFrom      | ref:d5847b9b6032aa8b13dae3c2dfd9ed5d114d21b3 |
| s:q181795-247CB53C-B780-4049-9E73-B2B187259FDF | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D | cast member (ps:P161)    | Denis Lawson (wd:Q1187504)                   |
| s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D | character role (pq:P453) | Wedge Antilles (wd:Q52310)                   |
| s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D | prov:wasDerivedFrom      | ref:d5847b9b6032aa8b13dae3c2dfd9ed5d114d21b3 |
| s:q181795-2E42E1A8-4E2F-4688-8A35-1D111053F90D | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F | cast member (ps:P161)    | Michael Sheard (wd:Q1273924)                 |
| s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F | character role (pq:P453) | Admiral Ozzel (wd:Q51777)                    |
| s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F | prov:wasDerivedFrom      | ref:d4bd87b862b12d99d26e86472d44f26858dee639 |
| s:Q181795-545DA1FC-332E-49F3-B5C7-B12D36C0407F | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q181795-593a11ac-7cb5-46bb-8af8-6febf95d6feb | cast member (ps:P161) | Clive Revill (wd:Q725399)                    |
| s:Q181795-593a11ac-7cb5-46bb-8af8-6febf95d6feb | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q181795-593a11ac-7cb5-46bb-8af8-6febf95d6feb | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q181795-593a11ac-7cb5-46bb-8af8-6febf95d6feb | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:d4bd87b862b12d99d26e86472d44f26858dee639 |
| s:Q181795-593a11ac-7cb5-46bb-8af8-6febf95d6feb | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q181795-5abd8e1c-2dd8-41af-9480-eade8b9da45a | cast member (ps:P161) | Michael Culver (wd:Q5614101)                 |
| s:Q181795-5abd8e1c-2dd8-41af-9480-eade8b9da45a | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q181795-5abd8e1c-2dd8-41af-9480-eade8b9da45a | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q181795-5abd8e1c-2dd8-41af-9480-eade8b9da45a | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:d4bd87b862b12d99d26e86472d44f26858dee639 |
| s:Q181795-5abd8e1c-2dd8-41af-9480-eade8b9da45a | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| s:q181795-64CF8A87-0D09-486D-A648-59BBB5C4D14B | cast member (ps:P161)    | Anthony Daniels (wd:Q441685) |
| s:q181795-64CF8A87-0D09-486D-A648-59BBB5C4D14B | character role (pq:P453) | C-3PO (wd:Q51787)            |
| s:q181795-64CF8A87-0D09-486D-A648-59BBB5C4D14B | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank          |
| s:q181795-64CF8A87-0D09-486D-A648-59BBB5C4D14B | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank            |
| s:q181795-64CF8A87-0D09-486D-A648-59BBB5C4D14B | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property                 | object               |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------- |
| s:q181795-64D77CFF-FAEB-401B-9E61-392A3E1EDA58 | cast member (ps:P161)    | wd:Q81328            |
| s:q181795-64D77CFF-FAEB-401B-9E61-392A3E1EDA58 | character role (pq:P453) | Han Solo (wd:Q51802) |
| s:q181795-64D77CFF-FAEB-401B-9E61-392A3E1EDA58 | wikibase:rank            | wikibase:NormalRank  |
| s:q181795-64D77CFF-FAEB-401B-9E61-392A3E1EDA58 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:BestRank    |
| s:q181795-64D77CFF-FAEB-401B-9E61-392A3E1EDA58 | rdf:type                 | wikibase:Statement   |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | cast member (ps:P161) | Mark Jones (wd:Q6768281)                     |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:697ebe753b838814bf6eb9bc6d52bbae34d1a790 |
| s:Q181795-06638E98-FAE7-4352-BB7C-6887523836BF | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Assistant]
It appears that manually checking each statement for Billy Dee Williams in "Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back" is not yielding the desired result, possibly due to the large number of statements and the way the data is structured.

To efficiently answer the question, I will write a SPARQL query that:
- Finds all films where Billy Dee Williams (wd:Q358345) is a cast member (P161)
- Filters for Star Wars films (using the three identified earlier)
- Retrieves the character role (P453) qualifier if present

This will directly answer which character Billy Dee Williams played in Star Wars films.

Here is the SPARQL query I will use.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| film                                                         | character                    |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (wd:Q181795)  | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |
| Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (wd:Q181803)      | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |
| Star Wars: Episode IX – The Rise of Skywalker (wd:Q20977110) | Lando Calrissian (wd:Q51799) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and complete for the question. It retrieves the character played by Billy Dee Williams in the specified Star Wars films, returning the actual IRIs for both the films and the character. The answer is accurate and matches the expected result. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q9123 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                | schoolLabel                   |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Nelson College (wd:Q1976962)          | Nelson College (en)           |
| Trinity College (wd:Q332342)          | Trinity College (en)          |
| University of Cambridge (wd:Q35794)   | University of Cambridge (en)  |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475) | University of Canterbury (en) |

Sir Ernest Rutherford attended the following schools: Nelson College, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, and University of Canterbury.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what school did sir ernest rutherford go to?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The question is asking for the school attended by Sir Ernest Rutherford.
2. First, I need to identify the correct entity for Sir Ernest Rutherford in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the property in Wikidata that relates a person to the school they attended (likely "educated at" or similar).
4. Finally, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the school(s) attended by Sir Ernest Rutherford.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Sir Ernest Rutherford" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, Fellow and Physicist, also known as Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937), B... of Nelson, Fellow and Physicist, Sir Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q117280779): painting by Philip de László
2. Sir Ernest Victor Buckley Rutherford (wd:Q76061425): Peerage person ID=503509
3. Ernest Rutherford, also known as Ernest Rutherford, primer barón Rutherford. de Nelson, E. Rutherford, Ernest Lord Rutherford, Ernest, Lord Rutherford (wd:Q9123): New Zealand physicist (1871–1937), university teacher, nuclear physicist, politician, professor, physicist, chemist
4. Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q41065867): scientific article
5. Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q67472783): scientific article published on April 12, 1976
6. Rutherford, Ernest (wd:Q103848810): encyclopedia article
7. Ernest Marsden, also known as Sir Ernest Marsden (wd:Q714452): British–New Zealand physicist (1889–1970), nuclear physicist, physicist
8. Ernest Oppenheimer, also known as Sir Ernest Oppenheimer (wd:Q819374): South African businessman (1880-1957), businessperson, entrepreneur, politician, financier, banker
9. Ernest Barker, also known as Sir Ernest Barker (wd:Q5392730): British political scientist (1874-1960), political scientist, politician, historian
10. Ernest Scott, also known as Sir Ernest Scott (wd:Q1356521): Australian historian (1867-1939), biographer, journalist, historian, writer

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for Sir Ernest Rutherford, the physicist, is "Ernest Rutherford" (wd:Q9123).

Next, I need to find the property that links a person to the school or university they attended. The likely property is "educated at," but I will verify this by searching for properties related to "school" or "educated at."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
3. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person who has taught this person, significant person
4. student, also known as teacher to, teacher of, had student, students, pupils (wd:P802 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): notable student(s) of the subject individual, significant person
5. studied in, also known as is studied by, studied by, science, that studies, researched in, researched by (wd:P2579 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject is studied by this science or domain, field of work
6. gender educated (wd:P7419 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): genders educated at this educational institution
7. academic major, also known as academic subject, college major, field of study, major, studied (wd:P812 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): major someone studied at college/university
8. has role in modeling, also known as has role in modelling, used for investigating, used for researching, used for studying, used to investigate (wd:P6530 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): relation between a research artefact and an entity that is used ... its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity
9. academic degree, also known as academic diploma, degree, diploma (wd:P512 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): academic degree that the person holds
10. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”

[Assistant]
The correct property to use is "educated at" (wdt:P69), which covers schools, universities, and other educational institutions attended by a person.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the educational institutions attended by Ernest Rutherford (wd:Q9123) using the "educated at" property. I will also include optional labels for the schools.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                | schoolLabel                   |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| Nelson College (wd:Q1976962)          | Nelson College (en)           |
| Trinity College (wd:Q332342)          | Trinity College (en)          |
| University of Cambridge (wd:Q35794)   | University of Cambridge (en)  |
| University of Canterbury (wd:Q432475) | University of Canterbury (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the IRIs of the schools attended by Sir Ernest Rutherford using the 'educated at' (wdt:P69) property. However, the answer would be more user-friendly if it included the labels of the schools as well. While labels are not strictly required unless requested, including them in an OPTIONAL clause would improve the completeness and readability of the output without violating the rules. Consider refining the query to also retrieve the rdfs:label for each school (optionally), e.g., by adding OPTIONAL { ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel FILTER (lang(?schoolLabel) = "en") }.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the IRIs of the schools attended by Sir Ernest Rutherford using the appropriate property (wdt:P69) and includes optional English labels. The answer accurately reflects the query results and the requirements of the user's question. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school WHERE {
  wd:Q2190766 wdt:P69 ?school .
}

Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| school                                   |
| ---------------------------------------- |
| Juneau-Douglas High School (wd:Q6312473) |
| Wasilla High School (wd:Q7972657)        |
| West Anchorage High School (wd:Q7984309) |

Bristol Palin attended Juneau-Douglas High School (wd:Q6312473), Wasilla High School (wd:Q7972657), and West Anchorage High School (wd:Q7984309).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where did bristol palin go to school?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Bristol Palin".
2. The property we are interested in is "educated at" or "school attended".

First, I will search for the entity "Bristol Palin" in Wikidata to get her identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bristol Palin, also known as Bristol Sheeran Marie Palin (wd:Q2190766): reality television participant, daughter of Sarah Palin, real estate agent, politician, writer
2. Bristol Palin: Life's a Tripp (wd:Q4968974): television series
3. Bristol, also known as Bristol, UK, Bristol, England, Bristol, Gloucestershire (wd:Q23154): city in South West England, United Kingdom
4. Bristol, also known as Bristol, CT, Bristol, Connecticut (wd:Q755149): city in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States
5. Bristol, also known as Bristol, Tennessee, Bristol, TN (wd:Q917821): city in Sullivan County, Tennessee, United States
6. Bristol Airport, also known as Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport, EGGD, BRS, Bristol International Airport, Bristol (wd:Q8725): commercial airport serving the city of Bristol, England
7. Bristol, also known as Bristol, VA, Bristol, Virginia (wd:Q503366): independent city in Virginia, United States
8. Bristol, also known as Bristol, Florida, Bristol, FL (wd:Q568950): city in and the county seat of Liberty County, Florida, United States
9. Bristol Airport, also known as EGGD, Bristol, Bristol International Airport, Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport, BRS (wd:Q8725): commercial airport serving the city of Bristol, England
10. Bristol, also known as Bristol, Rhode Island, Bristol, RI (wd:Q917809): town in Rhode Island, United States

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Bristol Palin is wd:Q2190766.

Next, I need to find the property related to "school attended" or "educated at". I will search for properties related to "school" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. number of children, also known as children, children (number), how many children, issue, kids (wd:P1971 as p/wdt): number of children of the person, animal, or character
4. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
5. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
6. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as p/wdt): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
10. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name

No other items found

[Assistant]
The relevant property for "school attended" is "educated at" (wdt:P69).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the schools that Bristol Palin (wd:Q2190766) attended using the "educated at" property (wdt:P69). I will also try to include the labels of the schools for readability.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| school                                   | schoolLabel                     |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Juneau-Douglas High School (wd:Q6312473) | Juneau-Douglas High School (en) |
| Wasilla High School (wd:Q7972657)        | Wasilla High School (en)        |
| West Anchorage High School (wd:Q7984309) | West Anchorage High School (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the IRIs of the schools attended by Bristol Palin using the appropriate property (wdt:P69). The answer lists the correct institutions with their Wikidata identifiers, and the query does not include any unnecessary label fetching or non-standard clauses. The output is accurate and complete for the user's question.