PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?superbowl ?date ?superbowlLabel WHERE {
  ?superbowl wdt:P31 wd:Q32096 ; wdt:P1346 wd:Q276539 ; wdt:P585 ?date .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?superbowl rdfs:label ?superbowlLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?superbowlLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

The Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl in 2001 (Super Bowl XXXV) and 2013 (Super Bowl XLVII).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what year did the baltimore ravens win superbowl?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the year(s) when the Baltimore Ravens won the Super Bowl.
2. I need to identify the entity for "Baltimore Ravens" and the property that links a sports team to a Super Bowl win (likely "winner" or "champion" of the Super Bowl).
3. I also need to retrieve the year(s) of the Super Bowl(s) they won.

First, I'll search for the entity "Baltimore Ravens" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Baltimore Ravens (wd:Q276539): National Football League franchise in Baltimore, Maryland
2. history of the Baltimore Ravens, also known as the Baltimore Ravens history, Baltimore Ravens history (wd:Q16995510): aspect of history
3. Baltimore Ravens Cheerleaders (wd:Q4852915): NFL cheerleading squad
4. Baltimore Ravens awards (wd:Q97358836)
5. 2021 Baltimore Ravens season (wd:Q104869586): 26th season in franchise history
6. 2023 Baltimore Ravens season (wd:Q116170173): 28th season in franchise history
7. 2022 Baltimore Ravens season (wd:Q110445353): 27th season in franchise history
8. 2019 Baltimore Ravens season (wd:Q60525815): Ravens record would be 4-12?
9. 2018 Baltimore Ravens season (wd:Q47454104): 23rd season in franchise history
10. 2020 Baltimore Ravens season (wd:Q80964250): 25th season in franchise history

[Assistant]
The main entity for the Baltimore Ravens is wd:Q276539.

Next, I need to find the property that links a sports team to a Super Bowl win. This could be a property like "winner" or "champion" for the Super Bowl event. I will search for properties related to "Super Bowl" for the Baltimore Ravens entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with
2. home venue, also known as home water, venue, stadium, home ground, home field (wd:P115 as p/wdt): home stadium or venue of a sports team or applicable performing arts organization, location
3. league or competition, also known as tournament, sports league, division, cup, competition (wd:P118 as p/wdt): league or competition in which team or player has played, or in which an event occurs, participant in
4. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as p/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
5. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
6. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. head coach, also known as team manager, trainer, senior coach, manager, coached by (wd:P286 as p/wdt): on-field manager or head coach of a sports club (not to be confu...eneral manager P505, which is not a coaching position) or person
9. FAST ID, also known as Faceted Application of Subject Terminology ID, FAST subject heading, fst, worldcat.org/fast (wd:P2163 as wdtn/p/wdt): authority control identifier in WorldCat's “FAST Linked Data” authority file
10. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))

No other items found

[Assistant]
None of the properties directly link the Baltimore Ravens to a Super Bowl win. Instead, I should look for the Super Bowl event(s) where the Baltimore Ravens were the winner.

So, the next step is to:
1. Identify the entity for "Super Bowl".
2. Find the property that links a Super Bowl event to its winner.
3. Query for Super Bowl events where the Baltimore Ravens (wd:Q276539) were the winner, and retrieve the year.

First, I'll search for the entity "Super Bowl" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Super Bowl, also known as AFL–NFL World Championship Game (wd:Q32096): National Football League championship game
2. Super Bowl (wd:Q121409161): 2023 single by Stray Kids
3. Super Bowl (wd:Q104642171): American horse
4. Super Bowl, also known as xkcd 60 (wd:Q18612009): 60th strip of the webcomic xkcd
5. Super Bowl, also known as xkcd 1480 (wd:Q20671274): 1480th strip of the webcomic xkcd
6. Super Bowl (wd:Q51263859): episode of Aqua Teen Hunger Force (S2 E3)
7. Super Bowl (wd:Q51159462): episode of Everybody Loves Raymond (S5 E13)
8. Super Bowl (wd:Q114548781): episode of Nurses (S2 E16)
9. Super Bowl 50, also known as 2016 Super Bowl, Super Bowl 2016, Super Bowl L (wd:Q7642193): 2016 edition of the Super Bowl
10. Super Bowl LII, also known as 2018 Super Bowl, Super Bowl 2018, Super Bowl 52 (wd:Q15633579): 2018 edition of the Super Bowl

[Assistant]
The main entity for the Super Bowl is wd:Q32096.

Now, I need to find the property that links a Super Bowl event to its winner. I'll search for properties of the "Super Bowl" entity related to "winner" or "champion".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. league or competition, also known as tournament, sports league, division, cup, competition (wd:P118 as p/wdt): league or competition in which team or player has played, or in which an event occurs, participant in
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with
6. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as p/wdt): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. X (Twitter) username, also known as twitter.com/, X username, X handle, x.com/, X account (wd:P2002 as p/wdt): username on X (formerly Twitter); do not include the '@' symbol, website username or ID
9. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. winner, also known as nominee, prizewinner, titleholder, top dog, victor (wd:P1346 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): winner of a competition or similar event, not to be used for awa...ssibly qualified with "for work" (P1686)) or for wars or battles, participating team, participant
2. competition won, also known as won event, won, winner of, victory (wd:P2522 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): competition or sports event won by the subject, participant in
3. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
4. number of wins, also known as games won, won, wins, W, sporting wins (wd:P1355 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): number of sporting matches, games or events won
5. results, also known as output, result (wd:P2501 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): results of a competition such as sports or elections
6. has effect, also known as has symptom, implies, leads to, led to, outcome (wd:P1542 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): effect of this item, followed by
7. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
8. has cause, also known as implied by, originated due to, initial cause, outcome of, reason (wd:P828 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): underlying cause, entity that ultimately resulted in this effect, follows
9. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): significant or notable events associated with the subject
10. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner

[Assistant]
The property "winner" (wdt:P1346) is the correct one to link a Super Bowl event to its winner.

Now, I need to:
- Find all Super Bowl events (instances of Super Bowl, wd:Q32096) where the winner (wdt:P1346) is the Baltimore Ravens (wd:Q276539).
- Retrieve the year of each event, which is likely stored as "point in time" or "date" property.

I'll search for properties of a Super Bowl event related to "date" or "year" to confirm the correct property to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. event interval, also known as event frequency, frequency of event, interval, period (wd:P2257 as p/wdt): standard nominal interval between scheduled or regularly recurri...1/(event frequency). Time period of periodically occurring event
3. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with
4. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
5. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
6. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations
7. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as p/wdt): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon
8. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
2. valid in period, also known as valid in season, valid for season, valid for period, valid for, time period (wd:P1264 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time period when a statement is valid
3. set in period, also known as time period set in, time period of setting, time period, takes place in time, takes place during (wd:P2408 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): historical, contemporary, or future period, year, century or day...rk or genre is set in or event featured in the story of the work
4. time period, also known as oge (oge akụkọ ihe mere eme ma ọ...ụ mere ma ọ bụ nke ejikọtara ya. (wd:P2348 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time period (historic period or era, sports season, theatre seas...c.) in which the subject occurred or with which it is associated
5. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
6. date depicted, also known as depicted date, temporal coverage, shown as at date, depicts date, depicted time (wd:P2913 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date represented in a work (for narrative works use P2408)
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. history of topic, also known as history of the topic, timeline of subject, timeline of the subject, timeline of the topic, timeline of topic (wd:P2184 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item about the historical development of a subject's topic, exam... To list key events of the topic, use "significant event" (P793), studied in
9. latest date, also known as terminus ante quem, prior to, on or before this date, no later than, max date (wd:P1326 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): latest possible time that something could have occurred. Use as qualifier for other date properties
10. recording date, also known as recorded date, record date, recdate, rec. date, date of recording (wd:P10135 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the date when a recording was made, inception

[Assistant]
The property "point in time" (wdt:P585) is the best choice to get the date of the Super Bowl event.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to:
- Find all items that are instances of Super Bowl (wd:Q32096),
- Where the winner (wdt:P1346) is the Baltimore Ravens (wd:Q276539),
- And retrieve the "point in time" (wdt:P585) for each event.

I will also optionally retrieve the label of the Super Bowl event for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| superbowl                     | date                                | superbowlLabel        |
| ----------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Super Bowl XXXV (wd:Q625210)  | 2001-01-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Super Bowl XXXV (en)  |
| Super Bowl XLVII (wd:Q126291) | 2013-02-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Super Bowl XLVII (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly identifies the Super Bowl events where the Baltimore Ravens were the winners, retrieves their IRIs, and includes the date of each event. The answer accurately reflects the years the Ravens won (2001 and 2013). The query also optionally retrieves the labels, which is appropriate. All rules are followed, and the output is correct and complete.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?airport ?airportLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?nycArea {
    wd:Q60 wd:Q11299 wd:Q18419 wd:Q18426 wd:Q18424 wd:Q18432
  }
  ?airport wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q1248784 .
  {
    ?airport wdt:P931 ?nycArea .
  } UNION {
    ?airport wdt:P131 ?nycArea .
  } UNION {
    ?airport wdt:P276 ?nycArea .
  }
  FILTER EXISTS {
    ?airport wdt:P131 * wd:Q1384 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?airport rdfs:label ?airportLabel FILTER ( lang( ?airportLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| airport                                          | airportLabel                               |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ |
| Floyd Bennett Field (wd:Q1430350)                | Floyd Bennett Field (en)                   |
| LaGuardia Airport (wd:Q319654)                   | LaGuardia Airport (en)                     |
| Flushing Airport (wd:Q5462911)                   | Flushing Airport (en)                      |
| Roosevelt Field (wd:Q7366439)                    | Roosevelt Field (en)                       |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | John F. Kennedy International Airport (en) |

The airports physically located in New York City are John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, Floyd Bennett Field, Flushing Airport, and Roosevelt Field.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the name of airport in new york?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the name of the airport in New York.
2. We need to identify the entity for "New York" (likely the city, not the state).
3. We need to find the property that links a city to its airport(s).
4. We need to retrieve the airport(s) associated with New York and get their names.

First, let's search for the entity "New York" to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. New York City, also known as Capital of the World, Big Apple, the five boroughs, The City So Nice They Named It Twice, NY, NY (wd:Q60): most populous city in the United States
2. New York, also known as New York state, New York, United States, US-NY, The Empire State, Empire State (wd:Q1384): state of the United States of America
3. New York, also known as US-NY, The Empire State, State of New York, NY state, NYS (wd:Q1384): state of the United States of America
4. Newburgh, also known as Newburgh, New York, Newburgh, NY (wd:Q1044808): city in Orange County, New York, United States
5. New York, New York (wd:Q743367): 1977 American musical-drama film directed by Martin Scorsese
6. Niu-York, also known as New York, Oleksandrivske, Novgorodskoye, Novgorodske, New-York (wd:Q4322522): rural settlement in Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast (province), Ukraine
7. New York, also known as New York (magazine), Vulture (blog), New York Magazine (wd:Q1507987): American magazine on life, culture, politics, and style, focusing on New York City
8. Province of New York, also known as Colony of New York, New York, New-York, New York Colony (wd:Q769668): former colony in North America, part of Great Britain
9. New York-New York Hotel and Casino, also known as New York, New York, New York-New York Hotel & Casino (wd:Q1429071): hotel and casino in Las Vegas
10. Theme from New York, New York, also known as New York, New York (wd:Q2039364): song written and composed by Fred Ebb and John Kander, originally recorded by Liza Minnelli and released in 1977

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "New York" as a city is "New York City" (wd:Q60).

Next, we need to find the property that links a city to its airport(s). Let's search for properties related to "airport" for the entity New York City (wd:Q60).

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
2. aerial view, also known as overhead view, sky view, orthophotograph, orthophoto, aerial image (wd:P8592 as p/wdt): image of the subject taken from the air, video, image
3. topic's main Wikimedia portal, also known as main portal, portal (wd:P1151 as p/wdt): Wikimedia portal associated with this topic
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
6. located in or next to body of water, also known as located on body of water, ocean, on bay, next to lake, on coast of (wd:P206 as p/wdt): body of water on or next to which a place is located, location
7. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as p/wdt): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
8. capital of, also known as national capital of, parish seat of, provincial capital of, seat of, state capital (wd:P1376 as p/wdt): country, state, department, canton or other administrative division of which the municipality is the governmental seat, located in the administrative territorial entity
9. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as p/wdt): area occupied by an object
10. territory overlaps, also known as partially overlaps, partially coincident with, partly coincident with, partly located in territorial entity, partly overlaps (wd:P3179 as p/wdt): part or all of the area associated with (this) entity overlaps part or all of the area associated with that entity, partially coincident with

No other items found

[Assistant]
It appears that there is no direct property on New York City (wd:Q60) that lists its airports. Instead, airports are likely linked to the city via a property such as "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wd:P131).

Therefore, the correct approach is to find all entities that are airports and are located in New York City (wd:Q60) using the property "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wd:P131).

Let's search for the entity for "airport" to use as a type filter.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. airport, also known as aerodrome, air port, airports (wd:Q1248784): location where aircraft take off and land with extended support facilities, mostly for commercial air transport
2. Airport (wd:Q409022): 1970 film directed by George Seaton
3. AirPort, also known as Apple AirPort (wd:Q697292): brand of wifi router equipment made by Apple Inc.
4. Airport, also known as Airport, CA, Airport, California (wd:Q4698872): census-designated place in Stanislaus County, California, USA
5. Airport (wd:Q2604087): 1968 novel by Arthur Hailey
6. Kasese Airport, also known as Airport, HUKS, KSE (wd:Q6374123): airport in Uganda
7. Basongo Airport, also known as airport, BAN, FZVR (wd:Q3339360): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
8. Bambili-Dingila Airport, also known as airport, FZKB, Aéroport de Bambili-Dingila (wd:Q3206837): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
9. Bokungu Airport, also known as Airport, FZGF (wd:Q4938837): airport in Democratic Republic of the Congo
10. Airport, also known as Rapid Airport (wd:Q11289474): Rapid trains in Hokkaido, Japan

[Assistant]
The entity for "airport" as a type is wd:Q1248784.

Now, let's construct a SPARQL query to find all entities that are instances of "airport" (wd:Q1248784) and are located in the administrative territorial entity "New York City" (wd:Q60), and retrieve their names.

I will write a query that returns the airport IRIs and their labels (names) if available.

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Assistant]
The query returned no results, which suggests that airports in New York City may not be directly linked to the city via the "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wd:P131) property.

Another common property for airports is "serves" (often used to indicate which city an airport serves). Let's search for a property related to "serves" or "city served" for airports.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. has part(s), also known as has component, incorporates, has ingredient, has ingredients, has member (wd:P527 as p/wdt): part of this subject; inverse property of "part of" (P361). See also "has parts of the class" (P2670).
2. different from, also known as not to be confused with, to be distinguished from, similar to, see also, rejected match (wd:P1889 as p/wdt): item that is different from another item, with which it may be confused
3. subclass of, also known as rdfs:subClassOf, sort of, subcategory of, subgenre of, subtype of (wd:P279 as p/wdt): this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances of ...stance of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain
4. Freebase ID, also known as Freebase, MID, Freebase identifier, FID (wd:P646 as p/wdt): identifier for a page in the Freebase database. Format: "/m/0" f...r IDs starting with "/g/", use Google Knowledge Graph ID (P2671)
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. PSH ID, also known as Czech Technical Library ID, PSH, PSH identifier (wd:P1051 as p/wdt): identifier in the authority database of the Czech Technical Library
9. video, also known as gif, animation, trailer, media (wd:P10 as p/wdt): relevant video. For images, use the property P18. For film trailers, qualify with "object has role" (P3831)="trailer" (Q622550)
10. GND ID, also known as Deutschen Nationalbibliothek ID, Universal Authority File, Integrated Authority File, IndividualisedGnd, GND-IDN (wd:P227 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier from an international authority file of names, subjects, and organizations

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place served by transport hub, also known as serves city, train station serves, served by transport hub, city served, area served by transport hub (wd:P931 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): territorial entity or entities served by this transport hub (airport, train station, etc.), significant place
2. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
3. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
4. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
5. contains the administrative territorial entity, also known as has shires, has rural cities, has regions, has municipalities, has members (wd:P150 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): (list of) direct subdivisions of an administrative territorial entity, has part(s)
6. in operation on service, also known as transport route of vehicle, transport route operated, transport route served, transport route serviced, used on route (wd:P10788 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): service that a vehicle is operating on
7. public transport stop, also known as transport stop nearby, transport station nearby, subway station, stop nearby, station nearby (wd:P8453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): general (e.g. nearest) public transport stop (bus, tram, train, subway)
8. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
9. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
10. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity

[Assistant]
The property "place served by transport hub" (wd:P931) is also known as "serves city" or "city served". This is likely the correct property to use for finding airports that serve New York City.

Let's construct a new query: find all entities that are instances of "airport" (wd:Q1248784) and have "place served by transport hub" (wd:P931) as New York City (wd:Q60), and retrieve their names.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| airport                                           | airportLabel                              |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| LaGuardia Airport (wd:Q319654)                    | LaGuardia Airport (en)                    |
| Newark Liberty International Airport (wd:Q466786) | Newark Liberty International Airport (en) |
| Flushing Airport (wd:Q5462911)                    | Flushing Airport (en)                     |
| Roosevelt Field (wd:Q7366439)                     | Roosevelt Field (en)                      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and returns the IRIs of the airports as required. However, there is a potential issue with the property used for 'place served by transport hub' (wdt:P931) with the value 'New York City' (wd:Q60). This property may not always be consistently used for all airports serving New York City, especially major ones like JFK International Airport, which is missing from the results. Consider also including airports located within the administrative boundaries of New York City (using 'located in the administrative territorial entity' (wdt:P131)), or checking for airports with 'New York City' as their location (wdt:P276). This would ensure a more complete and accurate list of airports in New York City. Please refine the query to include these possibilities.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: relying solely on the "place served by transport hub" (wdt:P931) property with "New York City" (wd:Q60) may miss important airports, such as JFK International Airport, which may be linked using other properties like "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) or "location" (wdt:P276).

To address this, I will refine the query to include airports that:
- are instances of "airport" (wd:Q1248784)
- EITHER serve New York City (wdt:P931 wd:Q60)
- OR are located in the administrative territorial entity New York City (wdt:P131 wd:Q60)
- OR have location New York City (wdt:P276 wd:Q60)

This should ensure a more comprehensive list. I will use a UNION to combine these criteria and return distinct results.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 2 columns:
| airport                                           | airportLabel                              |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| LaGuardia Airport (wd:Q319654)                    | LaGuardia Airport (en)                    |
| Newark Liberty International Airport (wd:Q466786) | Newark Liberty International Airport (en) |
| Flushing Airport (wd:Q5462911)                    | Flushing Airport (en)                     |
| Roosevelt Field (wd:Q7366439)                     | Roosevelt Field (en)                      |

[Assistant]
Even after expanding the query to include airports that are "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131) or have "location" (wdt:P276) as New York City, the result still does not include John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). This suggests that JFK may not be directly linked to New York City via these properties, or it may be linked to a more specific administrative entity (such as a borough or neighborhood).

To ensure completeness, I will:
1. Search for the entity for "John F. Kennedy International Airport" to see how it is linked to New York City or its boroughs.
2. If JFK is linked to a borough (e.g., Queens), I will include airports linked to any of New York City's boroughs in the query.

Let's search for "John F. Kennedy International Airport" first.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. John F. Kennedy International Airport, also known as Kennedy International Airport, New York International Airport, KJFK, JFK International Airport, Kennedy International (wd:Q8685): international airport in New York, United States
2. John F. Kennedy International Airport, also known as Idlewild Airport, Kennedy International, JFK International Airport, KJFK, JFK Airport (wd:Q8685): international airport in New York, United States
3. Protests against Executive Order 13769, also known as 2017 John F. Kennedy International Airport protest (wd:Q28547752): protest in the United States
4. John F. Kennedy International Airport Terminal 8 (wd:Q128561890)
5. Eclectic and Futuristic: John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q128643584): scholarly article
6. 2007 John F. Kennedy International Airport attack plot (wd:Q4608705): Foiled terrorist plot
7. John F. Kennedy Memorial Airport, also known as KASX, ASX (wd:Q2900611): airport in Ashland, Wisconsin, United States of America
8. Our Lady of the Skies Chapel at ...F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q17051623): Catholic chapel
9. PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY AT INTERNATIONAL MONETARY (NAID 123360) (wd:Q67614914): item in the National Archives and Records Administration's holdings
10. John F. Kennedy, also known as John Kennedy, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, John F Kennedy, Kennedy, President Kennedy (wd:Q9696): President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, anti-communist, naval officer, statesperson, journalist, politician, writer

[Tool]
Got 578 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                          | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | international airport (wd:Q644371)                                                      |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                  |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Queens (wd:Q18424)                                                                      |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-73.780000 40.640000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                            |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | John F. Kennedy International Airport                                                   |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JFK%20Aerial%20Nov%2014%202018.jpg> |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1948-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                     |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | short name (wdt:P1813)                                      | New York City-JFK (it)                                                                  |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                                      | Terminal 1 (wd:Q55855378)                                                               |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | official name (wdt:P1448)                                   | John F. Kennedy International Airport (en)                                              |
| ...                                              | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 626 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject            | property                                                    | object                                                                               |
| ------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | borough of New York City (wd:Q408804)                                                |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                               |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | New York City (wd:Q60)                                                               |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-73.917778 40.704167) (geo:wktLiteral)                                         |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Queens, New York City                                                                |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Queens%20Montage%202012%201.png> |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | population (wdt:P1082)                                      | 2405464 (xsd:decimal)                                                                |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1683-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                  |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | official website (wdt:P856)                                 | <http://www.queensbp.org/>                                                           |
| Queens (wd:Q18424) | postal code (wdt:P281)                                      | 110--                                                                                |
| ...                | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. New York City, also known as Capital of the World, Big Apple, the five boroughs, The City So Nice They Named It Twice, NY, NY (wd:Q60): most populous city in the United States
2. government of New York City, also known as City of New York, Government of NYC, New York City government (wd:Q3112559): city government for New York City
3. City of New York, also known as Samson (wd:Q42297076): expedition ship
4. Forecasting Influenza Outbreaks ...d Neighborhoods of New York City (wd:Q36194962): scientific article
5. newspapers in New York City, also known as newspapers of New York City, newspapers published in New York City, New York City newspaper, New York City newspapers (wd:Q132646844): local media sector
6. borough of New York City, also known as Five Boroughs, borough of the City of New York (wd:Q408804): administrative division of New York City, United States of America, administrative division of New York City, USA
7. City College of New York, also known as City College of the City University of New York, The City College of New York, New York Free Academy, Free Academy of the City of New York, City College (wd:Q1093910): senior college of the City University of New York
8. New York Daily News, also known as Daily News, Daily News of New York City, Ny daily news, NY Daily News, nydailynews.com (wd:Q627827): daily tabloid newspaper in New York City
9. City University of New York, also known as Colleges of the City of New York, The City University of New York, cuny.edu, CUNY, C.U.N.Y. (wd:Q762266): public university system in New York City
10. flag of New York City, also known as New York bayrağı, New York şehrinin bayrakları (wd:Q1414813): municipal flag of New York City, United States

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                                                  | object                    |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | contains the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P150) | Manhattan (wd:Q11299)     |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | contains the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P150) | Brooklyn (wd:Q18419)      |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | contains the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P150) | The Bronx (wd:Q18426)     |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | contains the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P150) | Queens (wd:Q18424)        |
| New York City (wd:Q60) | contains the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P150) | Staten Island (wd:Q18432) |

[Assistant]
JFK International Airport is linked to Queens (wd:Q18424), which is itself a borough of New York City (wd:Q60). Other airports may also be linked to one of the five boroughs:
- Manhattan (wd:Q11299)
- Brooklyn (wd:Q18419)
- The Bronx (wd:Q18426)
- Queens (wd:Q18424)
- Staten Island (wd:Q18432)

To ensure completeness, I will further refine the query to include airports that are:
- instances of "airport" (wd:Q1248784)
- and are linked via "place served by transport hub" (wdt:P931), "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131), or "location" (wdt:P276)
- to either New York City (wd:Q60) or any of its five boroughs

This will be done using a VALUES clause for the city/boroughs.

Here is the improved query.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| airport                                           | airportLabel                              |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Floyd Bennett Field (wd:Q1430350)                 | Floyd Bennett Field (en)                  |
| LaGuardia Airport (wd:Q319654)                    | LaGuardia Airport (en)                    |
| Newark Liberty International Airport (wd:Q466786) | Newark Liberty International Airport (en) |
| Flushing Airport (wd:Q5462911)                    | Flushing Airport (en)                     |
| Roosevelt Field (wd:Q7366439)                     | Roosevelt Field (en)                      |

[Tool]
Got 578 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                          | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | international airport (wd:Q644371)                                                      |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                  |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Queens (wd:Q18424)                                                                      |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-73.780000 40.640000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                            |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | John F. Kennedy International Airport                                                   |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JFK%20Aerial%20Nov%2014%202018.jpg> |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1948-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                     |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | short name (wdt:P1813)                                      | New York City-JFK (it)                                                                  |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                                      | Terminal 1 (wd:Q55855378)                                                               |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | official name (wdt:P1448)                                   | John F. Kennedy International Airport (en)                                              |
| ...                                              | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The refined query now includes airports linked to New York City or any of its boroughs via the relevant properties. However, John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) is still missing from the results, even though it is linked to Queens (wd:Q18424) via "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131).

Upon reviewing the previous query, I realize that the instance type for JFK is "international airport" (wd:Q644371), which is a subclass of "airport" (wd:Q1248784). The query currently only includes direct instances of "airport" (wd:Q1248784), not its subclasses.

To ensure completeness, I will update the query to include all subclasses of "airport" (wd:Q1248784) as well as direct instances. This will capture "international airport" and similar types.

Here is the improved query using wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to include subclasses.

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 2 columns:
| airport                                           | airportLabel                               |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Floyd Bennett Field (wd:Q1430350)                 | Floyd Bennett Field (en)                   |
| LaGuardia Airport (wd:Q319654)                    | LaGuardia Airport (en)                     |
| Newark Liberty International Airport (wd:Q466786) | Newark Liberty International Airport (en)  |
| Flushing Airport (wd:Q5462911)                    | Flushing Airport (en)                      |
| Roosevelt Field (wd:Q7366439)                     | Roosevelt Field (en)                       |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685)  | John F. Kennedy International Airport (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and returns a good set of airports associated with New York City and its boroughs. However, there are a few points for refinement:

1. The query currently includes Newark Liberty International Airport, which is located in New Jersey, not New York. While it serves the New York metropolitan area, the question specifically asks for airports in New York. Consider filtering results to only those airports physically located within the state of New York (e.g., using administrative territorial entity relationships to New York State).

2. The query could potentially include more airports if there are any missing (e.g., smaller public airports or heliports within the city limits). Double-check if the query covers all relevant subclasses of airports.

3. The query correctly returns IRIs and optionally includes labels, which is good practice.

Refine the query to address the above points, especially to ensure that only airports physically located in New York are included, unless the user explicitly asks for airports serving New York City regardless of state.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. Here’s my plan to refine the query:

1. Exclude airports not physically located in the state of New York. This means we need to ensure that the airport is located in New York State (wd:Q1384) via its administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) or via a chain of administrative entities.
2. Still include all relevant subclasses of airports (e.g., heliports, seaplane bases) by using wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q1248784.
3. Retain the focus on airports in New York City and its boroughs, but add the filter that their administrative chain leads up to New York State.

To do this, I will:
- Use a VALUES clause for New York City and its boroughs as before.
- Add a FILTER EXISTS clause to ensure that the airport (or its borough/city) is located in New York State, possibly via a chain of administrative entities (using wdt:P131*).

Here is the refined query.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 2 columns:
| airport                                          | airportLabel                               |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ |
| Floyd Bennett Field (wd:Q1430350)                | Floyd Bennett Field (en)                   |
| LaGuardia Airport (wd:Q319654)                   | LaGuardia Airport (en)                     |
| Flushing Airport (wd:Q5462911)                   | Flushing Airport (en)                      |
| Roosevelt Field (wd:Q7366439)                    | Roosevelt Field (en)                       |
| John F. Kennedy International Airport (wd:Q8685) | John F. Kennedy International Airport (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q40224 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?schoolLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Karl Benz attended the University of Karlsruhe (wd:Q29426438).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what school did karl benz go to?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Karl Benz".
2. The property is "school attended" or "educated at".

First, I will search for the entity "Karl Benz" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Carl Benz, also known as Carl Friedrich Benz, Karl Friedrich Benz, Karl Benz, Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant (wd:Q40224): automotive and engine designer and manufacturer (1844–1929), engineer, inventor
2. Carl Benz, also known as Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant, Karl Friedrich Benz, Karl Benz, Carl Friedrich Benz (wd:Q40224): automotive and engine designer and manufacturer (1844–1929), inventor, engineer
3. Willibrord Benzler, also known as Karl Benzler, Karl Heinrich Johann Eugen Benzler (wd:Q91025): bishop of Metz (1853–1921), Catholic priest, Catholic bishop
4. Károly Benza, also known as Karl Benza (wd:Q20667635): Hungarian actor, singer and director, director, singer, actor
5. Karl Benz (Landrat) (wd:Q104163395): jurist
6. Karl Josef Benz (wd:Q51682510): liturgist
7. Karl Benziger (wd:Q1730468): Swiss politician and publisher (1799-1873), politician, publisher
8. Karl Benzon (wd:Q17370389): Swedish journalist, journalist, translator
9. Karl Benzino (wd:Q94858455): politician, jurist, judge
10. Karl Benzel (wd:Q60835293): (1778-1802), robber

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Karl Benz, the automotive and engine designer, is wd:Q40224.

Next, I need to find the property for "school attended" or "educated at". I will search for the property "educated at" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. conferred by, also known as presented by, officiated by, issued by, granted by, given by (wd:P1027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization who grants an award, certification, grant, or role
3. student of, also known as professor, studied under, pupil of, tutor, mentor (wd:P1066 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person who has taught this person, significant person
4. student, also known as teacher to, teacher of, had student, students, pupils (wd:P802 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): notable student(s) of the subject individual, significant person
5. studied in, also known as is studied by, studied by, science, that studies, researched in, researched by (wd:P2579 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject is studied by this science or domain, field of work
6. gender educated (wd:P7419 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): genders educated at this educational institution
7. academic major, also known as academic subject, college major, field of study, major, studied (wd:P812 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): major someone studied at college/university
8. has role in modeling, also known as has role in modelling, used for investigating, used for researching, used for studying, used to investigate (wd:P6530 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): relation between a research artefact and an entity that is used ... its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity
9. academic degree, also known as academic diploma, degree, diploma (wd:P512 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): academic degree that the person holds
10. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”

[Assistant]
The property "educated at" is wd:P69.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the schools that Karl Benz (wd:Q40224) attended, using the property "educated at" (wdt:P69). I will also try to include the label of the school for readability, but the main result will be the IRI.

Here is the query I will use:
```sparql
SELECT ?school ?schoolLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q40224 wdt:P69 ?school .
  OPTIONAL { ?school rdfs:label ?schoolLabel . FILTER (lang(?schoolLabel) = "en") }
}
```
I will execute this query to get the answer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| school                                 | schoolLabel                  |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| University of Karlsruhe (wd:Q29426438) | University of Karlsruhe (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the educational institution attended by Karl Benz (wd:Q40224) using the property 'educated at' (wdt:P69). The query returns the IRI of the school and its English label in an optional clause, which is appropriate. The answer matches the query result, and all rules are followed. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?genre WHERE {
  wd:Q4700 wdt:P136 ?genre
}

Claude Debussy played music in the genres of impressionist music (wd:Q105697765), opera (wd:Q1344), and classical music (wd:Q9730).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of music did claude debussy play?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Claude Debussy".
2. The property of interest is the "type of music" he played. This could refer to genres, styles, or movements associated with his music.

First, I will search for the entity "Claude Debussy" in Wikidata to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Claude Debussy, also known as C. Debussy, Achille-Claude, Claude Achille Debussy, Claude-Achille Debussy, Debussy (wd:Q4700): French classical composer (1862–1918), music critic, composer, pianist
2. Claude Debussy (wd:Q17491085): painting by Marcel Baschet
3. Musée Claude-Debussy, also known as Claude Debussy Museum, Maison Claude Debussy (wd:Q19387976): museum in France
4. Claude Debussylaan (wd:Q18980854): street in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
5. allée Claude Debussy (wd:Q121600379): alley of Châtillon, in Hauts-de-Seine
6. allée Claude Debussy (wd:Q116242003): alley in Châtenay-Malabry, France
7. allée Claude Debussy (wd:Q113455135): alley in Clichy-sous-Bois, France
8. allée Claude Debussy (wd:Q113413920): alley in Villetaneuse, en Seine-Saint-Denis
9. allée Claude Debussy (wd:Q112064008): alley in L'Haÿ-les-Roses, France
10. allée Claude Debussy (wd:Q111916504): alley in Valenton, France

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Claude Debussy, the composer, is wd:Q4700.

Next, I need to determine which property in Wikidata represents the "type of music" an artist played. This could be "genre", "music movement", or something similar. I will search for properties related to "music genre" or "genre" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
2. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
5. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
6. movement, also known as subculture, trend, scientific movement, school, philosophical movement (wd:P135 as p/wdt): literary, artistic, scientific or philosophical movement or scen...ed with this person or work. For political ideologies use P1142.
7. AllMusic artist ID, also known as AllMusic, AllMusic ID, amg artist (wd:P1728 as p/wdt): identifier for an artist, musical group, or record label in the AllMusic database (record labels are listed as "artists")
8. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
9. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
10. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for "type of music" are:
- genre (wdt:P136)
- movement (wdt:P135)

To be thorough, I will check both properties for Claude Debussy to see which ones are used and what values they have. I will start by listing the values for "genre" (wdt:P136) for wd:Q4700.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                   | property         | object                              |
| ------------------------- | ---------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Claude Debussy (wd:Q4700) | genre (wdt:P136) | opera (wd:Q1344)                    |
| Claude Debussy (wd:Q4700) | genre (wdt:P136) | classical music (wd:Q9730)          |
| Claude Debussy (wd:Q4700) | genre (wdt:P136) | impressionist music (wd:Q105697765) |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                   | property            | object                             |
| ------------------------- | ------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| Claude Debussy (wd:Q4700) | movement (wdt:P135) | Symbolism (wd:Q164800)             |
| Claude Debussy (wd:Q4700) | movement (wdt:P135) | expresionism in music (wd:Q837182) |

[Tool]
Got 6 rows and 4 columns:
| genre                               | genreLabel               | movement                           | movementLabel              |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| impressionist music (wd:Q105697765) | impressionist music (en) | Symbolism (wd:Q164800)             | Symbolism (en)             |
| impressionist music (wd:Q105697765) | impressionist music (en) | expresionism in music (wd:Q837182) | expresionism in music (en) |
| opera (wd:Q1344)                    | opera (en)               | Symbolism (wd:Q164800)             | Symbolism (en)             |
| opera (wd:Q1344)                    | opera (en)               | expresionism in music (wd:Q837182) | expresionism in music (en) |
| classical music (wd:Q9730)          | classical music (en)     | Symbolism (wd:Q164800)             | Symbolism (en)             |
| classical music (wd:Q9730)          | classical music (en)     | expresionism in music (wd:Q837182) | expresionism in music (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the genres (types of music) associated with Claude Debussy using the appropriate property (wdt:P136) and returns the IRIs as required. The answer is accurate and complete for the user's question.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?case ( SAMPLE( ?label ) AS ?caseLabel ) WHERE {
  ?case wdt:P4884 wd:Q11201 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?case rdfs:label ?label .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?label ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?case

Got 20,107 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| case                                                        | caseLabel                                        |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ |
| Trump v. New York (wd:Q100496432)                           | Trump v. New York (en)                           |
| New Hampshire v. Maine (wd:Q101093598)                      | New Hampshire v. Maine (en)                      |
| Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (wd:Q102532067) | Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (en) |
| McKinney v. Arizona (wd:Q104161429)                         | McKinney v. Arizona (en)                         |
| EEOC v. Wyoming (wd:Q104672335)                             | EEOC v. Wyoming (en)                             |
| ...                                                         | ...                                              |
| Dallas v. Stanglin (wd:Q97453091)                           | Dallas v. Stanglin (en)                          |
| Lehman v. Shaker Heights (wd:Q97474383)                     | Lehman v. Shaker Heights (en)                    |
| Torres v. Madrid (wd:Q97516280)                             | Torres v. Madrid (en)                            |
| Worcester v. Georgia (wd:Q976845)                           | Worcester v. Georgia (en)                        |
| Edmond v. United States (wd:Q97738165)                      | Edmond v. United States (en)                     |

Supreme Court cases are legal cases decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. The query above returns their Wikidata identifiers and, where available, their English labels.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the supreme court cases?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for "supreme court cases." This likely refers to legal cases decided by a supreme court, probably the Supreme Court of the United States, but could also refer to other countries' supreme courts.
2. We need to identify the entity for the Supreme Court (likely of the United States) and the property that links court cases to the court that decided them.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Supreme Court of the United States" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Supreme Court of the United States, also known as US Supreme Court, U.S. Supreme Court, United States Supreme Court, Supreme Court of the U.S., SCOTUS (wd:Q11201): highest court of jurisdiction in the United States
2. Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q111322218): publication published on 01 March 1877
3. United States Supreme Court Building, also known as Supreme Court of the United States building, US Supreme Court Building, U.S. Supreme Court Building, Supreme Court Building, SCOTUS building (wd:Q1579670): seat of the Supreme Court of the United States of America
4. Supreme Court Police, also known as Supreme Court of the United States Police (wd:Q2368305): law enforcement agency for the U.S. Supreme Court
5. history of the Supreme Court of the United States, also known as Supreme Court of the United States history, the Supreme Court of the United States history (wd:Q9004199): aspect of history
6. Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q5256118): characteristics of United States Supreme Court Justices
7. Marshal of the United States Supreme Court (wd:Q6773440): Statutory head of the United States Supreme Court Police
8. Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q5131883): Chief administrator of the U.S. Supreme Court
9. Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q7247165): U.S. Supreme Court procedures
10. cameras in the Supreme Court of the United States, also known as Supreme Court of the United States, televised (wd:Q7645017): legal controversy

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the Supreme Court of the United States is wd:Q11201.

Next, we need to find the property that links court cases to the court that decided them. I will search for properties related to "decided by" or "court" to find the correct property.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. statement is subject of, also known as statement is the subject of, subject of the statement, subject of the claim, subject of, related item of statement (wd:P805 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): (qualifying) item that describes the relation identified in this statement
2. determination method or standard, also known as rationale, standard, methodology, method of determination, measured by (wd:P459 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): how a value is determined, or the standard by which it is declared
3. criterion used, also known as reason for distinction, with respect to, with reference to, respectively to, on the basis of (wd:P1013 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): property by which a distinction or classification is made
4. voted on by (wd:P9681 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): a legislative house in which a legislative act was voted on
5. identifies, also known as uniquely determines, is unique key for, is primary key for, is identifier of, identifier of (wd:P10476 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this item uniquely and purposefully distinguishes instances of this class from each other
6. authority, also known as executive authority, governed by, governing authority, governing body, has authority (wd:P797 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): entity having executive power on given entity
7. depends on software, also known as requires, requires software, runs on, software dependency, software framework (wd:P1547 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject software depends on object software, uses
8. approved by, also known as erected by (wd:P790 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item is approved by other item(s) [qualifier: statement is approved by other item(s)]
9. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
10. main regulatory text, also known as regulated by, statutory authorization, statutory authority, legally established by, legal basis (wd:P92 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): text setting the main rules by which the subject is regulated

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. highest judicial authority, also known as supreme court, judiciary, judicial branch, has supreme court, court (wd:P209 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): supreme judicial body within a country, administrative division, or other organization
2. court, also known as court (wd:P4884 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific court a legal case is or was heard or decided in
3. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
4. judge (wd:P1594 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): judge, magistrate or equivalent, presiding at a trial, participant
5. defendant, also known as litigant, respondant, plaintiff in, accused (wd:P1591 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization accused at a trial, object of occurrence, participant
6. plea (wd:P1437 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): whether a person pleaded guilty, not guilty, etc.
7. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
8. television judge, also known as TV judge, television jury, reality TV judge, reality television judge, judges (wd:P12484 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person who participates in a television show as a competition judge or mentor, cast member
9. participant, also known as suspect, player, party, participants, has participant (wd:P710 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person, group of people or organization (object) that actively t...ct has role" (P3831). Use P1923 for participants that are teams., significant person
10. penalty, also known as judicial sentence, punishment, sentence (wd:P1596 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): penalty imposed by an authority

[Tool]
Got 20,107 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                      | property          | object                                         |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Roe v. Wade (wd:Q300950)                                     | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Brown v. Board of Education (wd:Q875738)                     | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford (wd:Q690462)                          | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (wd:Q107058269) | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Marbury v. Madison (wd:Q538242)                              | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Obergefell v. Hodges (wd:Q19866992)                          | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Loving v. Virginia (wd:Q1345835)                             | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (wd:Q656660)                              | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Lawrence v. Texas (wd:Q1157002)                              | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| Miranda v. Arizona (wd:Q1642249)                             | court (wdt:P4884) | Supreme Court of the United States (wd:Q11201) |
| ...                                                          | ...               | ...                                            |

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| case                                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Trump v. New York (wd:Q100496432)                                  |
| New Hampshire v. Maine (wd:Q101093598)                             |
| Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (wd:Q102532067)        |
| McKinney v. Arizona (wd:Q104161429)                                |
| EEOC v. Wyoming (wd:Q104672335)                                    |
| ...                                                                |
| Tarrant Regional Water Dist. v. Herrmann (wd:Q104875359)           |
| Edwards v. Vannoy (wd:Q104878313)                                  |
| Tanzin v. Tanvir (wd:Q104880243)                                   |
| Barton v. Barr (wd:Q104880695)                                     |
| National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (wd:Q104881529) |

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| case                                                               | caseLabel                                               |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| Trump v. New York (wd:Q100496432)                                  | Trump v. New York (en)                                  |
| New Hampshire v. Maine (wd:Q101093598)                             | New Hampshire v. Maine (en)                             |
| Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (wd:Q102532067)        | Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (en)        |
| McKinney v. Arizona (wd:Q104161429)                                | McKinney v. Arizona (en)                                |
| EEOC v. Wyoming (wd:Q104672335)                                    | EEOC v. Wyoming (en)                                    |
| ...                                                                | ...                                                     |
| Tarrant Regional Water Dist. v. Herrmann (wd:Q104875359)           | Tarrant Regional Water Dist. v. Herrmann (en)           |
| Edwards v. Vannoy (wd:Q104878313)                                  | Edwards v. Vannoy (en)                                  |
| Tanzin v. Tanvir (wd:Q104880243)                                   | Tanzin v. Tanvir (en)                                   |
| Barton v. Barr (wd:Q104880695)                                     | Barton v. Barr (en)                                     |
| National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (wd:Q104881529) | National Collegiate Athletic Association v. Alston (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all cases heard by the Supreme Court of the United States by filtering for cases where the 'court' property (wdt:P4884) is set to the Supreme Court (wd:Q11201). It returns the IRIs of the cases and, optionally, their English labels. The answer is accurate, complete, and follows all the specified rules.