PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?type WHERE {
  {
    wd:Q5593 wdt:P135 ?type
  } UNION {
    ?painting wdt:P31 wd:Q3305213 ; wdt:P170 wd:Q5593 ; wdt:P136 ?type
  }
}

Got 28 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| type                           |
| ------------------------------ |
| genre art (wd:Q1047337)        |
| erotic art (wd:Q1168168)       |
| floral painting (wd:Q12303833) |
| abstract art (wd:Q128115)      |
| pop art (wd:Q134147)           |
| ...                            |
| surrealism (wd:Q39427)         |
| nude (wd:Q40446)               |
| Cubism (wd:Q42934)             |
| figure painting (wd:Q5448026)  |
| history painting (wd:Q742333)  |

Pablo Picasso is associated with the following types of art: Movements such as Cubism, Surrealism, and Post-Impressionism, as well as genres of paintings attributed to him in Wikidata, including abstract art, pop art, genre art, erotic art, floral painting, figure painting, mythological painting, nude, and history painting. The query returns the IRIs for all types of art.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of art did pablo picasso paint?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Pablo Picasso".
2. The question asks about the "type of art" he painted, which likely refers to artistic movements, genres, or styles associated with his paintings.

Step 1: Find the entity for Pablo Picasso.
Step 2: Identify properties related to "type of art", "movement", "genre", or "style" for an artist or their works.
Step 3: Build a query to find the types of art (movements, genres, styles) associated with Pablo Picasso's paintings.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Pablo Picasso".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Pablo Picasso, also known as Pablo Ruiz Y Picasso, Pablo Ruys, Pablo Ruiz Picasso, Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, Picasso (wd:Q5593): Spanish painter and sculptor (1881–1973), architectural draftsperson, assemblage artist, graphic designer, jewelry designer, costume designer, graphic artist, poster artist, choreographer, visual artist, scenographer, screenwriter, photographer, draftsperson, illustrator, ceramicist, printmaker, collagist, designer, muralist, sculptor, painter, artist
2. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q7121722): song of the proto punk group The Modern Lovers
3. Picasso, Pablo (wd:Q3828311): 1982 film by Frédéric Rossif
4. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q107290491)
5. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q52820876): primary school in Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
6. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q52822789): kindergarten in Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy
7. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q64157679): photograph in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 92324)
8. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q76456802): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 147624)
9. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q76628891): photograph by Man Ray
10. Pablo Picasso (wd:Q92627252): photograph by Man Ray 224564

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Pablo Picasso the artist is wd:Q5593.

Next, I need to identify which properties on Wikidata relate to the "type of art" he painted. This could include properties like "movement", "genre", or "artistic style". I will search for properties related to "movement" and "style" for Pablo Picasso.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. movement, also known as subculture, trend, scientific movement, school, philosophical movement (wd:P135 as p/wdt): literary, artistic, scientific or philosophical movement or scen...ed with this person or work. For political ideologies use P1142.
2. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
3. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as p/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
4. relative, also known as relatives, grandparent, relation, non-binary parent, niece (wd:P1038 as p/wdt): family member (qualify with "kinship to subject", P1039; for direct family member please use specific property), significant person
5. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
6. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as p/wdt): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
7. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
8. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
9. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
10. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for "type of art" are:
- movement (wdt:P135): literary, artistic, scientific or philosophical movement associated with this person or work.
- genre (wdt:P136): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work.

I will first check which movements (wdt:P135) are associated with Pablo Picasso.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| movement                        |
| ------------------------------- |
| post-impressionism (wd:Q166713) |
| surrealism (wd:Q39427)          |
| Cubism (wd:Q42934)              |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| movement                        | movementLabel           |
| ------------------------------- | ----------------------- |
| post-impressionism (wd:Q166713) | post-impressionism (en) |
| surrealism (wd:Q39427)          | surrealism (en)         |
| Cubism (wd:Q42934)              | Cubism (en)             |

[Tool]
Got 25 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| genre                               | genreLabel                 |
| ----------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| genre art (wd:Q1047337)             | genre art (en)             |
| erotic art (wd:Q1168168)            | erotic art (en)            |
| floral painting (wd:Q12303833)      | floral painting (en)       |
| abstract art (wd:Q128115)           | abstract art (en)          |
| pop art (wd:Q134147)                | pop art (en)               |
| ...                                 | ...                        |
| figure (wd:Q29527347)               | figure (en)                |
| mythological painting (wd:Q3374376) | mythological painting (en) |
| nude (wd:Q40446)                    | nude (en)                  |
| figure painting (wd:Q5448026)       | figure painting (en)       |
| history painting (wd:Q742333)       | history painting (en)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and returns both the art movements (P135) associated with Pablo Picasso and the genres (P136) of paintings he created. However, there are a few points for refinement:

1. The query currently returns rows where either movement or genre may be missing (because of the OPTIONAL clauses), leading to many duplicate rows with only one of the two filled. Consider restructuring the query to return all distinct movements and all distinct genres separately, or use UNION to combine the two result sets, so the output is more concise and avoids unnecessary duplication.
2. The query correctly returns IRIs for both movements and genres, which is good.
3. The answer text is accurate, but could clarify that the genres are based on the genres of paintings attributed to Picasso in Wikidata.

Suggested refinement: Split the query into two SELECT DISTINCT queries (one for movements, one for genres), or use UNION, to avoid the Cartesian product effect and make the results clearer.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To address the issues:

1. I will restructure the query to use UNION, so that it returns a single column (?type) with either a movement or a genre, and an optional label. This avoids the Cartesian product and duplicate rows.
2. I will clarify in the answer that movements are associated with Picasso as an artist, and genres are based on the genres of paintings attributed to him in Wikidata.

Here’s how I’ll proceed:

- First part of the UNION: All distinct art movements (wdt:P135) associated with Pablo Picasso (wd:Q5593).
- Second part of the UNION: All distinct genres (wdt:P136) of paintings (wd:Q3305213) where Picasso is the painter (wdt:P170).

Let’s build and execute this refined query.

[Tool]
Got 28 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| type                           | typeLabel             |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| genre art (wd:Q1047337)        | genre art (en)        |
| erotic art (wd:Q1168168)       | erotic art (en)       |
| floral painting (wd:Q12303833) | floral painting (en)  |
| abstract art (wd:Q128115)      | abstract art (en)     |
| pop art (wd:Q134147)           | pop art (en)          |
| ...                            | ...                   |
| surrealism (wd:Q39427)         | surrealism (en)       |
| nude (wd:Q40446)               | nude (en)             |
| Cubism (wd:Q42934)             | Cubism (en)           |
| figure painting (wd:Q5448026)  | figure painting (en)  |
| history painting (wd:Q742333)  | history painting (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and retrieves both the art movements (via P135) and genres (via P136) associated with Pablo Picasso and his paintings. However, there is a minor issue: the query does not guarantee that the returned IRIs (?type) are always present in the result, since the OPTIONAL clause for the label is not necessary unless the user specifically asks for labels. The structure is otherwise good, and the answer is accurate and comprehensive. No major changes are needed, but you could further refine by ensuring that the query always returns the IRIs and only optionally includes labels.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?university ?universityLabel ?degree ?degreeLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q76 p:P69 ?educationStatement .
  ?educationStatement ps:P69 ?university .
  ?educationStatement pq:P512 ?degree .
  ?university wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q3918 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?university rdfs:label ?universityLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?universityLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?degree rdfs:label ?degreeLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?degreeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| university | universityLabel          | degree                         | degreeLabel           |
| ---------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| wd:Q13371  | Harvard University (en)  | Juris Doctor (wd:Q1540185)     | Juris Doctor (en)     |
| wd:Q49088  | Columbia University (en) | Bachelor of Arts (wd:Q1765120) | Bachelor of Arts (en) |

Barack Obama graduated from Columbia University (wd:Q49088) with a Bachelor of Arts degree and from Harvard University (wd:Q13371) with a Juris Doctor degree.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what university did obama graduated from?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the university that Barack Obama graduated from.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for Barack Obama in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the relevant property for "university graduated from" (likely "educated at" or similar).
4. Finally, I need to construct a SPARQL query to retrieve the university/universities.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Barack Obama" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Barack Obama, also known as Honorable Barack Obama, BHO, Obama, Barry O Bomber, President Obama (wd:Q76): president of the United States from 2009 to 2017, community organizer, political writer, statesperson, politician, podcaster, memoirist, academic, lawyer, jurist
2. Barack Obama (wd:Q128580045): horse
3. Barack Obama (wd:Q47513588): painting by Michael A. Glier
4. Barack Obama Sr., also known as Barack Hussein Obama (wd:Q649593): Economist, father of Barack Obama jr. (1934–1982), economist
5. presidency of Barack Obama, also known as Obama presidency, Presidency of Barack Obama, Barack Obama presidency (wd:Q1379733): 44th presidential administration and cabinet of the USA (2009-2017)
6. Barack Obama Administration cabinet, also known as Obama's Cabinet, Obama Cabinet, Obama Administration cabinet, Obama administration, Cabinet of Barack Obama (wd:Q4206667): the government of the United States under President Barack Obama
7. Barack Obama Plaza (wd:Q55604878): Motorway service area in Moneygall, Ireland
8. President Barack Obama, also known as portrait of Barack Obama (wd:Q50303833): painting by Kehinde Wiley
9. WikiProject Barack Obama (wd:Q21829530): Wikimedia subject-area collaboration
10. speeches of Barack Obama, also known as Barack Obama speeches, Barack Obama's speeches (wd:Q7575410): overview about the speeches of Barack Obama

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Barack Obama (the former US president) is wd:Q76.

Next, I need to find the property that represents "university graduated from." This is likely "educated at," but to be precise, I'll search for properties related to "graduated" and "education" to ensure I use the most accurate one.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
2. academic degree, also known as academic diploma, degree, diploma (wd:P512 as p/wdt): academic degree that the person holds
3. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
4. participant in, also known as participated in, present at, takes part, took part, took part in (wd:P1344 as p/wdt): event in which a person or organization was/is a participant; inverse of P710 or P1923, significant event, part of
5. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as p/wdt): significant or notable events associated with the subject
6. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
7. spouse, also known as married partner, married to, marry, partner, spouses (wd:P26 as p/wdt): the subject has the object as their spouse (husband, wife, partn...etc.). Use "unmarried partner" (P451) for non-married companions, significant person, relative
8. generational suffix, also known as age suffix, family suffix, Jr., Junior, Senior (wd:P8017 as p/wdt): suffix used in name
9. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
10. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property "educated at" (wdt:P69) is also known as "graduated from," which matches the user's intent.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the universities that Barack Obama (wd:Q76) graduated from, using the property "educated at" (wdt:P69). I will also attempt to retrieve the labels of the universities for clarity, but the main result will be the IRIs.

Here is the query I will use:
```sparql
SELECT ?university ?universityLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q76 wdt:P69 ?university.
  OPTIONAL { ?university rdfs:label ?universityLabel. FILTER (lang(?universityLabel) = "en") }
}
```
I will now execute this query.

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| university                                       | universityLabel                         |
| ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- |
| University of Chicago Law School (wd:Q1036763)   | University of Chicago Law School (en)   |
| wd:Q13371                                        | Harvard University (en)                 |
| Occidental College (wd:Q1346110)                 | Occidental College (en)                 |
| Nelson High School (wd:Q14875335)                | Nelson High School (en)                 |
| Noelani Elementary School (wd:Q15262435)         | Noelani Elementary School (en)          |
| ...                                              | ...                                     |
| State Elementary School Menteng 01 (wd:Q4122998) | State Elementary School Menteng 01 (en) |
| wd:Q49088                                        | Columbia University (en)                |
| Harvard Law School (wd:Q49122)                   | Harvard Law School (en)                 |
| Centaurus High School (wd:Q5059051)              | Centaurus High School (en)              |
| King College Prep High School (wd:Q6411346)      | King College Prep High School (en)      |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all educational institutions attended by Barack Obama using the 'educated at' (wdt:P69) property. However, the user's question specifically asks for the university Obama graduated from, not all schools attended. The current query includes elementary and high schools, which are irrelevant to the question.

To refine the answer, the query should:
- Filter for universities only. This can be done by checking that ?university is an instance of (P31) university (Q3918) or a subclass thereof.
- Optionally, further restrict to institutions from which Obama actually graduated (if such information is available in Wikidata, e.g., via 'academic degree' or similar qualifiers).

The answer text should also only mention the relevant universities, not all educational institutions.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the answer:

1. I need to filter the results to include only universities. In Wikidata, a university is represented by Q3918, so I should ensure that the ?university is either an instance of (P31) university (Q3918) or a subclass thereof.
2. Optionally, if possible, I should further restrict to institutions from which Obama actually graduated, using qualifiers like 'academic degree received' (P512) on the 'educated at' (P69) statements.

Step 1: Find universities only.
- I will use the triple: ?university wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q3918 to ensure the institution is a university or subclass.

Step 2: Check if there are degree qualifiers for Obama’s education.
- I will look for statements where Obama’s 'educated at' (P69) has a qualifier 'academic degree' (P512).

First, I will construct a query to get only universities attended by Obama.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| university                       | universityLabel          |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| wd:Q13371                        | Harvard University (en)  |
| Occidental College (wd:Q1346110) | Occidental College (en)  |
| wd:Q49088                        | Columbia University (en) |

[Tool]
SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='amur', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
The previous query to retrieve degree information timed out, likely due to the complexity or size of the data. However, the query filtering for universities only was successful and returned three institutions:

- Harvard University (wd:Q13371)
- Columbia University (wd:Q49088)
- Occidental College (wd:Q1346110)

These are the universities Barack Obama attended. While the degree information could not be retrieved due to a timeout, it is well-known that Obama graduated from Columbia University (BA) and Harvard University (JD). Occidental College was attended for undergraduate studies, but he transferred before graduating.

Here is the refined SPARQL query that correctly answers the user's question by listing only the universities attended by Barack Obama:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?university ?universityLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q76 p:P69 ?educationStatement.
  ?educationStatement ps:P69 ?university.
  ?university wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q3918.
  OPTIONAL { ?university rdfs:label ?universityLabel. FILTER (lang(?universityLabel) = "en") }
}
```

Final answer: Barack Obama attended the following universities: Harvard University (wd:Q13371), Columbia University (wd:Q49088), and Occidental College (wd:Q1346110). He graduated from Columbia University and Harvard University.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all universities attended by Barack Obama, but the question specifically asks for the universities he graduated from. The current query does not distinguish between institutions attended and those from which he graduated. To refine the answer, the query should filter for education statements where the 'end cause' (P582) or 'degree received' (P512) indicates graduation, or where a degree is specified. This will ensure only universities Obama graduated from are returned, rather than all attended institutions.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the answer:

- I need to filter for universities where Barack Obama actually graduated, not just attended.
- In Wikidata, the 'academic degree' (P512) qualifier on the 'educated at' (P69) statement can indicate graduation.
- Therefore, I will restrict the query to only those education statements for Obama where a degree (P512) is specified, and the institution is a university (instance/subclass of Q3918).

Here is my revised approach:
1. Find all 'educated at' (P69) statements for Obama.
2. For each, check if the institution is a university (P31/P279* Q3918).
3. Only include those statements that have a degree (P512) qualifier.

I will now construct and execute this refined query.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| university | universityLabel          | degree                         | degreeLabel           |
| ---------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------ | --------------------- |
| wd:Q13371  | Harvard University (en)  | Juris Doctor (wd:Q1540185)     | Juris Doctor (en)     |
| wd:Q49088  | Columbia University (en) | Bachelor of Arts (wd:Q1765120) | Bachelor of Arts (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?type ?typeLabel WHERE {
  {
    VALUES ?property {
      wdt:P136 wdt:P135 wdt:P101 wdt:P106
    }
    wd:Q762 ?property ?type .
    {
      ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q735 .
    } UNION {
      ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q1792644 .
    } UNION {
      ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q968159 .
    } UNION {
      VALUES ?artisticRole {
        wd:Q1028181 wd:Q1281618 wd:Q15296811
      }
      ?type wdt:P279 * ?artisticRole .
    }
  } UNION {
    wd:Q762 wdt:P800 ?work .
    ?work wdt:P31 ?type .
    ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q735 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?type rdfs:label ?typeLabel FILTER ( lang( ?typeLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 9 rows and 2 columns:
| type                                      | typeLabel                       |
| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| painter (wd:Q1028181)                     | painter (en)                    |
| art of painting (wd:Q11629)               | art of painting (en)            |
| sculptor (wd:Q1281618)                    | sculptor (en)                   |
| fresco painting (wd:Q134194)              | fresco painting (en)            |
| architectural draftsperson (wd:Q14623005) | architectural draftsperson (en) |
| Renaissance architecture (wd:Q236122)     | Renaissance architecture (en)   |
| religious painting (wd:Q2414609)          | religious painting (en)         |
| religious art (wd:Q2864737)               | religious art (en)              |
| caricaturist (wd:Q3658608)                | caricaturist (en)               |

According to Wikidata, the types of art associated with Leonardo da Vinci include: art of painting, fresco painting, religious painting, religious art, Renaissance architecture, and the artistic roles of painter, sculptor, architectural draftsperson, and caricaturist. This list is based on Wikidata and may not be exhaustive.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of art did leonardo da vinci make?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Leonardo da Vinci".
2. The property of interest is the "type of art" he made. This could refer to the genres, styles, or forms of art associated with his works.

First, I will search for the entity "Leonardo da Vinci" in Wikidata to get his identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762): Italian Renaissance polymath (1452−1519), architectural draftsperson, civil engineer, visual artist, mathematician, caricaturist, physiologist, philosopher, astronomer, architect, scientist, zoologist, anatomist, physicist, polymath, botanist, engineer, designer, composer, sculptor, inventor, diplomat, chemist, painter, writer
2. Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q2530641): 1911 Conte di Cavour-class battleship
3. Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q650366): 1939 Marconi-class submarine
4. Leonardo da Vinci: The Mind of the Renaissance, also known as Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q101431569): 2001 documentary film by Jean-Claude Lubtchansky
5. Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q18503359): human settlement
6. Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q18498247): human settlement in Italy
7. Leonardo Da Vinci (wd:Q2115987): 1982 Sauro-class submarine
8. Rosa 'Leonardo da Vinci', also known as Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q1819112): rose cultivar
9. RFA Maine, also known as Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q3830354): steam ship
10. Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q13749278): Dortmund –Milan passenger train

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Leonardo da Vinci, the artist, is wd:Q762.

Next, I need to determine how to represent "type of art" in Wikidata. This could be properties like "genre", "movement", "field of work", or "art form". I will search for properties related to "type of art" to see which are most relevant for Leonardo da Vinci.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
2. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
3. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
4. form of creative work, also known as work type, work form, type of work, artform, type of reference work (wd:P7937 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): structure of a creative work
5. main subject, also known as primary topic, primary subject, primary keyword, plot keyword, of (wd:P921 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): primary topic of a work (see also P180: depicts), depicts
6. art name, also known as artistic name, hao, hiệu (wd:P1787 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): type of pseudonym of modern and historical artists as well as sp...ically traditionally adopted by writers and artists in East Asia
7. exhibited creator, also known as artist exhibited, exhibited artist (wd:P10661 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): intellectual or creative entity (person or organization) responsible for the elements exhibited, creator
8. image with frame, also known as picture with frame, painting with surroundings, img with frame, image in frame, framed artwork (wd:P7420 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): media file of painting or other 2D artwork with its frame or more of its surroundings included
9. cover art by, also known as jacket art by, sleeve art by, designer, cover design by, cover artist (wd:P736 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name of person or team creating cover artwork for book, record album, single record etc.
10. NICE Paintings ID (wd:P12662 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): numerical identifier for an artwork in the National Inventory of Continental European Paintings online database

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for "type of art" are:

- genre (wd:P136): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work
- form of creative work (wd:P7937): structure of a creative work
- field of work (not shown here, but often used for people)

Since the question is about the types of art Leonardo da Vinci made, I should look for the genres or forms of creative works he is associated with. I will check which of these properties are used for Leonardo da Vinci in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
2. Commons gallery, also known as gallery (wd:P935 as p/wdt): name of the Wikimedia Commons gallery page(s) related to this item (is suitable to allow multiple links to more gallery pages)
3. genre, also known as genre of music, type of music, type of film, music genre, literary genre (wd:P136 as p/wdt): creative work's genre or an artist's field of work (P101). Use main subject (P921) to relate creative works to their topic
4. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
5. has works in the collection, also known as has items in the collection, works in collection, work in collection, museum housing this person's work, items in the collection (wd:P6379 as p/wdt): collection that has works of this person or organisation (use archives at [P485] for archives)
6. catalogue raisonné, also known as reasoned catalogue, artist catalogue, artist catalog, Art Catalog (wd:P9969 as p/wdt): comprehensive, annotated listing of all the known artworks by an artist either in a particular medium or all media., catalog
7. movement, also known as subculture, trend, scientific movement, school, philosophical movement (wd:P135 as p/wdt): literary, artistic, scientific or philosophical movement or scen...ed with this person or work. For political ideologies use P1142.
8. Artsy artist ID, also known as Artsy artist identifier, Artsy id (wd:P2042 as p/wdt): identifier at the Artsy website
9. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
10. Web Gallery of Art artist ID, also known as WGA artist id, WGA ID, Web Gallery of Art identifier, Web Gallery of Art ID (wd:P1882 as p/wdt): identifier for an artist in the Web Gallery of Art

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 2,295 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                         | object                                                                                |
| --------------------------- | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                                |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | writer (wd:Q36180)                                                                                |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | male (wd:Q6581097)                                                                                |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Leonardo (wd:Q18220847)                                                                                |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1452-04-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                       |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Leonardo da Vinci                                                                                |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Francesco%20Melzi%20-%20Portrait%20of%20Leonardo.png> |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Republic of Florence (wd:Q148540)                                                                         |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | family name (wdt:P734)           | da Vinci (wd:Q106449498)                                                                                |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | described at URL (wdt:P973)      | <http://library.aur.edu/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?marc=1&authid=26350>                       |
| ...                         | ...                              | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property         | object                           |
| --------------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | genre (wdt:P136) | portrait (wd:Q134307)            |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | genre (wdt:P136) | religious art (wd:Q2864737)      |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | genre (wdt:P136) | religious painting (wd:Q2414609) |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property            | object                         |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | movement (wdt:P135) | Renaissance (wd:Q4692)         |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | movement (wdt:P135) | High Renaissance (wd:Q1474884) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. field of work, also known as scientific discipline, scientific area, responsible for, research on, research fields (wd:P101 as p/wdt): specialization of a person or organization; see P106 for the occupation, interested in
2. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
3. work location, also known as work place, working from, working at, worked from, worked at (wd:P937 as p/wdt): location where persons or organisations were actively participating in employment, business or other work, significant place, location
4. employer, also known as working at, working for, working place, works at, works for (wd:P108 as p/wdt): person or organization for which the subject works or worked, affiliation
5. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
6. has works in the collection, also known as has items in the collection, works in collection, work in collection, museum housing this person's work, items in the collection (wd:P6379 as p/wdt): collection that has works of this person or organisation (use archives at [P485] for archives)
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as p/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
9. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                     | property                 | object                                |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------- |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | field of work (wdt:P101) | art of painting (wd:Q11629)           |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | field of work (wdt:P101) | engineering (wd:Q11023)               |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | field of work (wdt:P101) | physiology (wd:Q521)                  |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | field of work (wdt:P101) | Renaissance architecture (wd:Q236122) |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | field of work (wdt:P101) | scenography (wd:Q737201)              |

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 2 columns:
| type                                  | typeLabel                     |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| engineering (wd:Q11023)               | engineering (en)              |
| art of painting (wd:Q11629)           | art of painting (en)          |
| portrait (wd:Q134307)                 | portrait (en)                 |
| High Renaissance (wd:Q1474884)        | High Renaissance (en)         |
| Renaissance architecture (wd:Q236122) | Renaissance architecture (en) |
| religious painting (wd:Q2414609)      | religious painting (en)       |
| religious art (wd:Q2864737)           | religious art (en)            |
| Renaissance (wd:Q4692)                | Renaissance (en)              |
| physiology (wd:Q521)                  | physiology (en)               |
| scenography (wd:Q737201)              | scenography (en)              |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is generally on the right track by retrieving types of art or fields associated with Leonardo da Vinci using properties like genre (P136), movement (P135), and field of work (P101). However, the query may include some results that are not strictly 'types of art' (e.g., engineering, physiology), which are broader fields of work or scientific disciplines rather than art types. To refine the answer, consider filtering the results to include only subclasses of 'art' (wd:Q735) or related artistic genres and movements, excluding scientific or engineering fields unless the user explicitly asks for all fields of work. This will make the answer more focused on the user's intent regarding 'types of art.'

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I agree that the previous query included broader fields (like engineering and physiology) that are not strictly "types of art." To refine the answer, I will:

- Restrict the results to those that are subclasses of "art" (wd:Q735), or subclasses of "art genre" (wd:Q1792644), or "art movement" (wd:Q968159).
- Exclude broader scientific or technical fields.

Step-by-step plan:
1. Gather all genres, movements, and fields of work associated with Leonardo da Vinci.
2. Filter these results to include only those that are subclasses (directly or indirectly) of "art" (wd:Q735), "art genre" (wd:Q1792644), or "art movement" (wd:Q968159).

I will now write a SPARQL query that implements this logic.

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 1 column:
| type                                  |
| ------------------------------------- |
| art of painting (wd:Q11629)           |
| Renaissance architecture (wd:Q236122) |
| religious painting (wd:Q2414609)      |
| religious art (wd:Q2864737)           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is generally well-constructed and returns relevant types of art associated with Leonardo da Vinci. However, there are a few areas for refinement:

1. The query currently only considers properties P136 (genre), P135 (movement), and P101 (field of work). Leonardo da Vinci is also known for sculpture and drawing, which might be captured under other properties such as occupation (P106) or instance of (P31) for his works. Consider expanding the query to include these properties or check for additional relevant properties.
2. The query restricts types to subclasses of art, art genre, or art movement. While this is reasonable, it may miss some relevant types if they are not properly subclassed in Wikidata. Consider if a broader or alternative approach is needed.
3. The answer should clarify that these are types of art associated with Leonardo da Vinci according to Wikidata, as the list may not be exhaustive.

Overall, the query is sensible, but a more comprehensive approach could yield a fuller answer.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. Here’s how I’ll refine the approach:

1. Expand the properties considered to include occupation (P106), which may capture roles like "sculptor" or "draughtsman," and potentially instance of (P31) for works directly attributed to Leonardo da Vinci.
2. Maintain the filter for subclasses of "art," "art genre," or "art movement," but also allow for direct matches to key artistic occupations (e.g., painter, sculptor, draughtsman) and types of works (e.g., drawing, sculpture, painting).
3. Clearly state that the answer is based on Wikidata and may not be exhaustive.

Step-by-step plan:
- Gather all values for genre (P136), movement (P135), field of work (P101), and occupation (P106) for Leonardo da Vinci.
- For occupation, filter for artistic roles (e.g., painter, sculptor, draughtsman).
- For types of works, check if any of his notable works (P800) are instances of artistic forms (e.g., painting, drawing, sculpture).
- Filter results to subclasses of "art," "art genre," "art movement," or direct matches to key artistic roles or forms.

Let's first check Leonardo da Vinci's occupations to see if artistic roles are present.

[Tool]
Got 24 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property              | object                     |
| --------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | writer (wd:Q36180)         |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | scientist (wd:Q901)        |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | composer (wd:Q36834)       |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | mathematician (wd:Q170790) |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | architect (wd:Q42973)      |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | engineer (wd:Q81096)       |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | philosopher (wd:Q4964182)  |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | astronomer (wd:Q11063)     |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | physicist (wd:Q169470)     |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | diplomat (wd:Q193391)      |
| ...                         | ...                   | ...                        |

[Tool]
Got 24 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property              | object                     |
| --------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | writer (wd:Q36180)         |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | scientist (wd:Q901)        |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | composer (wd:Q36834)       |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | mathematician (wd:Q170790) |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | architect (wd:Q42973)      |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | engineer (wd:Q81096)       |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | philosopher (wd:Q4964182)  |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | astronomer (wd:Q11063)     |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | physicist (wd:Q169470)     |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | occupation (wdt:P106) | diplomat (wd:Q193391)      |
| ...                         | ...                   | ...                        |

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. painter (wd:Q1028181): artist who practices painting
2. painter and varnisher, also known as house painter and decorator, painter, house decorator, decorator (wd:Q288728): tradesman responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings
3. court painter (wd:Q984276): position held by artist who paints for a royal or noble family
4. street painter, also known as chalk artist, madonnaro, pavement artist, sidewalk artist (wd:Q739240): craft
5. poster artist, also known as poster designer, poster painter (wd:Q739437): person who designs poster
6. animal painter (wd:Q16875701): person who creates paintings of animals
7. glass painter, also known as float glass painter (wd:Q18431816): artist or artisan who specializes in painting on glass surfaces, often creating decorative or functional artwork
8. marine painter (wd:Q25616553)
9. iconographer, also known as icon painter (wd:Q4199058): painter of icons
10. landscape painter, also known as landscape artist, landscapist (wd:Q21600439): artist who creates landscape paintings

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. sculptor, also known as sculptress, sculptors (wd:Q1281618): artist specializing in sculpture
2. animalier, also known as animal artist, animalist, animal sculptor, Sculpteur animalier (wd:Q5116158): person who creates artworks featuring animals
3. wood carver, also known as woodcarver, wood sculptor (wd:Q6138343): wood worker who carves
4. model maker, also known as character sculptor, modelmaker, scale modeler (wd:Q10331372): professional craftsperson who creates a three-dimensional representation of a design or concept
5. stone carver, also known as stonecarver, stone sculptor (wd:Q17305500): artisan
6. iron sculptor (wd:Q131613987): sculptor who creates works in iron metal
7. metal sculptor, also known as metal-sculptor (wd:Q131613712): sculptor who uses metal as a material, usually creating by casting
8. ornamental sculptor (wd:Q10611691)
9. ceroplastician, also known as wax artist, wax sculptor (wd:Q38743359)
10. bronze sculptor (wd:Q40749908): sculptor specialized in working with bronze

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. draftsperson, also known as draughtsperson, sketcher, sketch artist, master draughtsman, illustrator (wd:Q15296811): person who makes drawings (artist/cartoonist/drafter/illustrator)
2. drafter, also known as draftsman, draftsperson, draughtsman, draughtsperson (wd:Q683754): person who prepares technical drawings
3. drafter, also known as draftsman, draughtswoman, draughtsman, draftswoman, draftsperson (wd:Q9063418): technician who makes detailed technical drawings or plans
4. draftsman, also known as drafter, draughtsman (wd:Q24358464)
5. factory draughtsman, also known as designer, fabric designer, printed calico designer (wd:Q62091180): profession in the 18th century
6. pen drawer, also known as pen draftsman, pen draftsperson, pen draughtsman (wd:Q123338797)
7. map drawer, also known as map draughtsman, drawer of maps (wd:Q124605835): subclass of cartographer

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Got 50 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                | object                                            |
| --------------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Mona Lisa (wd:Q12418)                             |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | The Last Supper (wd:Q128910)                      |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Annunciation (wd:Q154326)                         |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Vitruvian Man (wd:Q215486)                        |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Lady with an Ermine (wd:Q474338)                  |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Salvator Mundi (wd:Q1892745)                      |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Virgin of the Rocks (wd:Q269342)                  |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (wd:Q563727) |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Adoration of the Magi (wd:Q1638622)               |
| Leonardo da Vinci (wd:Q762) | notable work (wdt:P800) | Saint John the Baptist (wd:Q783215)               |
| ...                         | ...                     | ...                                               |

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                                       | property              | object              |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ------------------- |
| Vitruvian Man (wd:Q215486)                                                    | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| Portrait of a Young Fiancée (wd:Q2072801)                                     | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| Sorrow (wd:Q13107262)                                                         | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist (wd:Q2471531) | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| L.H.O.O.Q. (wd:Q2720294)                                                      | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| Great Piece of Turf (wd:Q254794)                                              | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| Epifania (wd:Q2709726)                                                        | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| Self-portrait at Thirteen (wd:Q1272037)                                       | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| Study for the Madonna of the Cat (wd:Q11765908)                               | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| The Punishment of Tityus (wd:Q17025697)                                       | instance of (wdt:P31) | drawing (wd:Q93184) |
| ...                                                                           | ...                   | ...                 |

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: parse error at position 462 for token UNION with content 'UNION' (the input most likely does not follow the grammar)

[Assistant]
The last query failed due to a syntax error in the UNION structure. To fix this, I will split the query into two parts and then combine the results with a single SELECT DISTINCT at the end.

Plan:
1. Get all types of art associated with Leonardo da Vinci via properties (genre, movement, field of work, occupation) and filter for subclasses of art, art genre, art movement, or artistic roles (painter, sculptor, draughtsman).
2. Get the types of his notable works (P800) that are subclasses of art.
3. Combine the results.

Here is the revised query:

[Tool]
Got 9 rows and 1 column:
| type                                      |
| ----------------------------------------- |
| painter (wd:Q1028181)                     |
| art of painting (wd:Q11629)               |
| sculptor (wd:Q1281618)                    |
| fresco painting (wd:Q134194)              |
| architectural draftsperson (wd:Q14623005) |
| Renaissance architecture (wd:Q236122)     |
| religious painting (wd:Q2414609)          |
| religious art (wd:Q2864737)               |
| caricaturist (wd:Q3658608)                |

[Tool]
Got 9 rows and 2 columns:
| type                                      | typeLabel                       |
| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| painter (wd:Q1028181)                     | painter (en)                    |
| art of painting (wd:Q11629)               | art of painting (en)            |
| sculptor (wd:Q1281618)                    | sculptor (en)                   |
| fresco painting (wd:Q134194)              | fresco painting (en)            |
| architectural draftsperson (wd:Q14623005) | architectural draftsperson (en) |
| Renaissance architecture (wd:Q236122)     | Renaissance architecture (en)   |
| religious painting (wd:Q2414609)          | religious painting (en)         |
| religious art (wd:Q2864737)               | religious art (en)              |
| caricaturist (wd:Q3658608)                | caricaturist (en)               |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?currency WHERE {
  wd:Q399 wdt:P38 ?currency
}

The currency of Armenia is the Armenian dram (wd:Q130498).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is armenian currency?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the currency of Armenia.
2. I need to identify the entity for Armenia and the property for currency.

First, I will search for the entity "Armenia" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Armenia, also known as AM, ARM, Hayastan, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, Republic of Armenia (wd:Q399): sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
2. Armenia (wd:Q328518): capital of the Colombian department of Quindío
3. First Republic of Armenia, also known as Armenia (wd:Q139670): Armenian state existing from 1918–1920
4. 780 Armenia, also known as (780) Armenia, Armenia (wd:Q157057): main-belt asteroid
5. Roman Armenia, also known as Armenia (wd:Q1254480): Roman province
6. Armenia, also known as Armenia, Antioquia (wd:Q934767): Colombian municipality of the department of Antioquia
7. Armenia (wd:Q682015): district in Eastern Sonsonate, El Salvador
8. Armenia, also known as Armenia, WI (wd:Q2219381): town in Wisconsin, United States
9. Armenia, also known as Armenia (historical region) (wd:Q4069598): historical territory
10. Armênia, also known as Armenia, Ponte Pequena (wd:Q5244779): metro station in São Paulo, Brazil

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the country Armenia is wd:Q399.

Next, I need to find the property that links a country to its currency. I will search for properties related to "currency".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): currency used by item, uses
2. ISO 4217 code, also known as currency code, ISO 4217, ISO 4217 alphabetic code, ISO currency code (wd:P498 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): identifier for a currency per ISO 4217
3. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
4. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): amount in a specific currency
5. cash (wd:P2232 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the value of cash and securities held by a state government
6. currency symbol description (wd:P489 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item with description of currency symbol, notation
7. face value, also known as coin value, numeric value of coin, value of coin (wd:P3934 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): value printed on a coin, stamp or banknote by the issuing authority
8. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
9. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
10. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the currency used by a country is "currency" (wdt:P38).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the currency of Armenia (wd:Q399) using the property "currency" (wdt:P38). I will also try to get the label of the currency for better readability.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency                   | currencyLabel      |
| -------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Armenian dram (wd:Q130498) | Armenian dram (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the currency of Armenia by querying the 'currency' (wdt:P38) property of the Armenia entity (wd:Q399). The answer matches the expected result, and the query returns the IRI of the currency as required. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?language WHERE {
  wd:Q225 wdt:P37 ?language
}

Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| language            |
| ------------------- |
| Croatian (wd:Q6654) |
| Serbian (wd:Q9299)  |
| Bosnian (wd:Q9303)  |

The official languages spoken by people from Bosnia (Bosnia and Herzegovina) are Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what language do people from bosnia speak?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know what language is spoken by people from Bosnia.
2. We need to identify the entity for "Bosnia" (likely Bosnia and Herzegovina), and find the property that links a country to its official or spoken languages.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Bosnia" in Wikidata to confirm the correct entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina, also known as Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia, BIH (wd:Q225): country in Southeast Europe
2. Bosnia (wd:Q188736): region in Bosnia and Herzegovina
3. Bosnia (wd:Q4947317): live album by Grand Funk Railroad
4. Bosna, also known as Bosnia (song), Bosnia (wd:Q25502969): Croatian song
5. Bosnia (wd:Q10433448): 1996 live album by Ulf Lundell
6. Bosnia (wd:Q29021052): song by Argentine musician Luis Alberto Spinetta in the álbum Spinetta y los Socios del Desierto
7. Bosnia (wd:Q103894070): encyclopedia article
8. Bosnia (wd:Q119441173): painting by James Potter (active 1998–2000), Royal Military Police Museum
9. Bosnia (wd:Q74241437): scientific article published on January 10, 1998
10. Bosnia (wd:Q80218280): photograph by Ron Haviv

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Bosnia" in the context of people and language is "Bosnia and Herzegovina" (wd:Q225), which is the country in Southeast Europe.

Next, I need to find the property that links a country to its official or spoken languages. I will search for properties related to "language" for the entity wd:Q225.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as p/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as p/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as p/wdt): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
6. name in native language, also known as native name (wd:P1559 as p/wdt): name of a person in their native language, name
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
9. religion or worldview, also known as believes, worldview, religious affiliation, religion or world view, religion (wd:P140 as p/wdt): religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject
10. Unicode character, also known as emoji, emote, pictograph, Unicode symbol (wd:P487 as p/wdt): Unicode character representing the item (only if this is not a c...acter or a compatiblity character: in that case, use only P4213)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for connecting a country to its spoken language is "official language" (wdt:P37). There is also "language used" (wdt:P2936), but "official language" is the most direct answer for what language people from Bosnia speak.

Next, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the official language(s) of Bosnia and Herzegovina (wd:Q225) using wdt:P37. I will also optionally retrieve the language label for clarity.

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 2 columns:
| language            | languageLabel |
| ------------------- | ------------- |
| Croatian (wd:Q6654) | Croatian (en) |
| Serbian (wd:Q9299)  | Serbian (en)  |
| Bosnian (wd:Q9303)  | Bosnian (en)  |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian) using the appropriate entity (wd:Q225) and property (wd:P37). The answer matches the query result, and the query returns the IRIs of the languages as required. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?label WHERE {
  wd:Q9299 rdfs:label ?label
}

Got 178 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| label                |
| -------------------- |
| Afaan Sarbiyaa (om)  |
| Amanung Serbyu (pam) |
| an tSeirbis (ga)     |
| Bahasa Serbia (kge)  |
| Bahasa Serbia (ms)   |
| ...                  |
| 塞爾維亞文 (yue)          |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-hant)      |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-hk)        |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-mo)        |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-tw)        |

The Serbian language (wd:Q9299) is called by different names in different languages. For example: 'Serbian', 'Srpski', 'Serbisch', 'Serbe', 'Serbio', '塞爾維亞語', etc. The SPARQL query retrieves all available labels for the Serbian language entity.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is serbian language called?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the name or label of the "Serbian language."
2. I need to find the entity for "Serbian language" in Wikidata.
3. Then, I should retrieve its label (name).

First, I will search for the entity "Serbian language" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Serbian, also known as Srpski, Serbian language (wd:Q9299): standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian language used by Serbs
2. Sorbian, also known as Serbian language, Wendic language, Wendish (wd:Q25442): Lechitic language spoken by the Sorbs
3. Serbian language (wd:L616516-S1)
4. Serbian (language) (wd:L613158-S1)
5. History of Serbian, also known as Serbian language history (wd:Q31183797)
6. Serbian Sign Language (wd:Q113203025)
7. Serbian language in Croatia, also known as use of the Serbian language in Croatia (wd:Q20974148): overview about the use of the Serbian language in Croatia
8. Institute for Serbian Language (wd:Q16082649)
9. Serbian language in Montenegro (wd:Q65201055)
10. romanization of Serbian, also known as romanisation of Serbian, romanization of the Serbian language (wd:Q7362708): overview about the romanization of the Serbian language

[Assistant]
The top result for "Serbian language" is wd:Q9299, which is described as the standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian language used by Serbs.

Now, to answer the question "what is Serbian language called?", I should retrieve the label (name) of wd:Q9299. I will write a SPARQL query to get the rdfs:label of wd:Q9299 in all available languages.

[Tool]
Got 178 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| label                |
| -------------------- |
| Afaan Sarbiyaa (om)  |
| Amanung Serbyu (pam) |
| an tSeirbis (ga)     |
| Bahasa Serbia (kge)  |
| Bahasa Serbia (ms)   |
| ...                  |
| 塞爾維亞文 (yue)          |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-hant)      |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-hk)        |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-mo)        |
| 塞爾維亞語 (zh-tw)        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The output is correct and complete. The SPARQL query retrieves all available labels for the Serbian language entity (wd:Q9299), which directly answers the question by showing what the Serbian language is called in various languages. The query follows the guidelines: it returns the actual identifier (implicitly via the entity used), does not use unsupported label services, and does not perform extra computation outside SPARQL. No further refinement is needed.