PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q6107 .
  ?movie wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel FILTER ( lang( ?movieLabel ) = "en" )
  } MINUS {
    ?movie wdt:P31 ?type .
    ?type wdt:P279 * wd:Q93204 .
  } MINUS {
    ?movie wdt:P136 ?genre .
    ?genre wdt:P279 * wd:Q93204 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie p:P161 ?statement .
    ?statement ps:P161 wd:Q6107 .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?statement pq:P453 ?role .
    }
  }
  FILTER ( ! BOUND( ?role ) || ?role != wd:Q18086706 )
}
ORDER BY ?movieLabel

Got 7 rows and 2 columns:
| movie                                 | movieLabel                  |
| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)           | Above the Rim (en)          |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                   | Bullet (en)                 |
| Gang Related (wd:Q2619792)            | Gang Related (en)           |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)               | Gridlock'd (en)             |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                    | Juice (en)                  |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)          | Poetic Justice (en)         |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625) | Straight Outta Compton (en) |

The following narrative films (not documentaries) feature Tupac Shakur as an actor (not as himself):
- Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)
- Bullet (wd:Q911823)
- Gang Related (wd:Q2619792)
- Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)
- Juice (wd:Q642419)
- Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)
- Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)
These are the movies Tupac starred in as an actor, according to Wikidata.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies did tupac star in?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know which movies Tupac starred in.
2. First, I need to identify the Wikidata entity for Tupac.
3. Next, I need to find the property that links an actor to movies they starred in (likely "cast member" or similar).
4. Then, I will construct a query to find all movies where Tupac was a cast member.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Tupac" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Tupac Shakur, also known as Tupac, Tupac Amaru Shakur, Makaveli, Tupac Omar Shakur, Lesane Crooks (wd:Q6107): American rapper (1971–1996), television actor, songwriter, film actor, lyricist, activist, writer, singer, rapper, actor, poet
2. Tupaç (wd:Q13207507): human settlement in Minzälä District, Tatarstan
3. Tupac (wd:Q56694162): given name
4. tupać (wd:Q109124857): entry of Polish etymological dictionary
5. Tupac (wd:Q19694412): Argentine supercomputer
6. Tupac (wd:Q131322757)
7. Túpac, also known as Túpac (family name), Túpac (surname) (wd:Q110874391): family name
8. Tupac (wd:Q37768448)
9. Tupac (wd:Q91876227): 2019 audio track by DaBaby
10. Tupac, also known as "They Got Money for War but Can't Feed the Poor" (wd:Q115681771): Painted electrical in Roxbury, Massachusetts

[Assistant]
The top result for "Tupac" is Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107), the American rapper and actor. This is the correct entity for the question.

Next, I need to find the property that links an actor to the movies they starred in. Common properties are "cast member," "actor," or similar. I will search for properties related to "cast member" or "actor."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
2. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
5. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
6. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
7. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
8. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
9. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
10. film crew member (wd:P3092 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): member of the crew creating an audiovisual work, used for miscel... available: notably for cast member (P161), director (P57), etc., significant person

[Assistant]
The property "cast member" (wdt:P161) is the most relevant for finding movies that Tupac starred in. This property links a movie to its actors.

To find all movies where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) was a cast member, I need to query for items where wdt:P161 includes wd:Q6107 and the item is a film.

To ensure I only get movies (not TV shows, etc.), I should filter for items that are instances of "film" (likely wdt:P31 wd:Q11424).

I'll now construct a SPARQL query to find all films (wd:Q11424) where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) is a cast member (wdt:P161). I'll also optionally include the movie's label for readability.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                            | movieLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) | Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (en) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     | Poetic Justice (en)                    |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            | Straight Outta Compton (en)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      | Above the Rim (en)                     |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     | Biggie & Tupac (en)                    |
| ...                                              | ...                                    |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               | Juice (en)                             |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 | Tupac: Resurrection (en)               |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               | Tupac: Assassination (en)              |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              | Bullet (en)                            |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          | Gridlock'd (en)                        |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all films (wd:Q11424) where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) is listed as a cast member (wdt:P161). However, the query may include documentaries or films where Tupac appears as himself (e.g., posthumous documentaries), not just movies he 'starred in' as an actor. To refine the answer, you could filter out documentaries and films where Tupac is credited as himself, focusing on narrative films where he played a character. This could be done by excluding items with instance of 'documentary film' (wd:Q93204) or by checking for a character role (P453) that is not 'himself.'

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query, I need to:

1. Exclude documentaries (instance of 'documentary film', wd:Q93204).
2. Exclude films where Tupac is credited as 'himself' (i.e., character role (P453) is 'himself', wd:Q24229398).
3. Focus on narrative films where he played a character.

Step 1: Check the property for "character role" (P453) and the entity for "himself" (wd:Q24229398).
Step 2: Exclude films that are instances of 'documentary film' (wd:Q93204).
Step 3: Exclude films where the character role is 'himself'.

I'll start by confirming the entity for "himself" and the property for "character role".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. he, also known as he/him, him, himself, his (wd:Q1196074): masculine third-person, singular personal pronoun in English
2. Arkle, also known as Himself (wd:Q2861580): Race horse
3. Himself (wd:Q5765504): 1971 debut studio album by Gilbert O' Sullivan
4. Himself (wd:Q5765501): album by Akinori Nakagawa
5. Himself (wd:Q5765489): album by Bill Cosby
6. Himself (wd:Q128269032): Christian hymn text
7. Himself (wd:Q20268540): self-portrait by Robert Henri
8. HIMSELF (wd:Q127049239): hymn tune
9. self, also known as as herself, themselves, themself, himself/herself, himself (wd:Q18086706): to be used with "character role" (P453)
10. himself (wd:L1411678-F1)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. documentary film, also known as film documentary, motion picture documentary, factual film, documentary movie, documentary (wd:Q93204): nonfictional motion picture
2. Nina & Irena, also known as documentary, film (wd:Q127532875): 2023 short documentary film by Daniel Lombroso
3. Documentary Film (wd:Q104214082): painting by Sidney Nolan
4. documentary film (wd:L616375-S1)
5. television documentary, also known as documentary television, documentary television film, documentary television program, documentary TV, genre of television series (wd:Q7603925): genre of television programming
6. documentary filmmaker, also known as documentary film producer, documentary movie maker, documentary film maker, documentary film director, documentarist (wd:Q1235146): director or producer of documentary films
7. documentary film festival (wd:Q5287670)
8. documentary production, also known as documentary practice, production of documentaries, documentary film production (wd:Q5287674): process of creating documentary projects
9. Documentary Film Movement, also known as British Documentary Film Movement (wd:Q5287661): group of British film-makers
10. Documentary film techniques (wd:Q5287671)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. character role (wd:Q54290928): operatic role representing an unusual, interesting, or eccentric character
2. character role, also known as acting role, as, performer of, plays, role (wd:P453): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
3. Character Role Playing (wd:Q55607023): fantasy role-playing game supplement
4. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for
5. Character Law, also known as Rolemaster: Character Law (wd:Q77625637): tabletop role-playing game supplement
6. main role, main character (wd:L590001-S1)
7. name of the character role, also known as name of the character, name of the role, role name, role named as, character named as (wd:P4633): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play
8. character role in a film (wd:L1225222-S1)
9. role; part; character (in playacting) (wd:L646384-S3)
10. character class in role-playing games (wd:L327578-S1)

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                               | property               | object                  |
| ------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                   | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)          | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                    | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)      | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)               | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Gang Related (wd:Q2619792)            | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)           | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)          | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| Murder Was the Case (wd:Q3179389)     | cast member (wdt:P161) | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) |
| ...                                   | ...                    | ...                     |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                | property             | object                                         |
| ------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Pulp Fiction (wd:Q104123)                              | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q104123-00465D71-3036-4C2D-A3FC-60B5AB5C14FA |
| Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (wd:Q102438)  | cast member (p:P161) | s:q102438-00B16B6C-986E-4355-949C-927AD39FAED1 |
| WALL-E (wd:Q104905)                                    | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q104905-0dd97896-4472-f3a0-5147-f3784b4e5cae |
| Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (wd:Q102244)   | cast member (p:P161) | s:q102244-029BF4DE-40FD-40E2-9D9B-C04763A853AA |
| 2001: A Space Odyssey (wd:Q103474)                     | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q103474-0cd23e22-44a0-8dc6-cb97-5ae6fe64a319 |
| Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (wd:Q102225)       | cast member (p:P161) | s:q102225-031976EA-8327-4BA5-8750-92DE16B311B3 |
| Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (wd:Q102448)  | cast member (p:P161) | s:q102448-062a686c-4a60-f3b0-bdd9-771bcee08ade |
| Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (wd:Q102235) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q102235-02C89799-B140-4EBE-B89C-A40DF22B0AA4 |
| Home Alone (wd:Q105031)                                | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q105031-05FF9B19-9C07-4BCE-AE7B-75EBFC8EE19A |
| Alien (wd:Q103569)                                     | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q103569-11038241-6248-471C-BE90-3CC4D0A2FD43 |
| ...                                                    | ...                  | ...                                            |

[Tool]
Got 282 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                                        | object                              |
| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | instance of (wdt:P31)                           | film (wd:Q11424)                    |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | title (wdt:P1476)                               | Bullet (en)                         |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | publication date (wdt:P577)                     | 1996-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | country of origin (wdt:P495)                    | United States (wd:Q30)              |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | genre (wdt:P136)                                | action film (wd:Q188473)            |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (wdt:P161)                          | Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107)             |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | different from (wdt:P1889)                      | Bullitt (wd:Q261209)                |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | original language of film or TV show (wdt:P364) | English (wd:Q1860)                  |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | distribution format (wdt:P437)                  | video on demand (wd:Q723685)        |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | director (wdt:P57)                              | Julien Temple (wd:Q722023)          |
| ...                 | ...                                             | ...                                 |

[Tool]
Got 13 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property             | object                                         |
| ------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q911823-10FF416F-DFC7-4611-8E18-F374742029A5 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-1A12799A-8204-4801-AF53-C3D02E78BEA2 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q911823-3172F957-4B97-4851-B5CC-9DC476888E2B |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-3CB5E617-40BC-4702-A9DC-67A5B68090DC |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-5FE5C0C4-D191-4B3E-A487-BF98FEF104F1 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-903BF9A0-F9AB-4AED-92B5-4F7D992D5449 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-92067E7A-DC75-46D5-AC0B-3B6C56C8CA55 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-B275F3BB-85E9-4022-A8DA-E10BF1F19487 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:Q911823-B5F37501-ECE2-4500-8B6C-3051FCBF92F2 |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823) | cast member (p:P161) | s:q911823-C6327615-E97F-4C5E-85A1-170B9358E47C |
| ...                 | ...                  | ...                                            |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:q911823-10FF416F-DFC7-4611-8E18-F374742029A5 | cast member (ps:P161) | Adrien Brody (wd:Q104514)                    |
| s:q911823-10FF416F-DFC7-4611-8E18-F374742029A5 | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:q911823-10FF416F-DFC7-4611-8E18-F374742029A5 | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:q911823-10FF416F-DFC7-4611-8E18-F374742029A5 | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:d5847b9b6032aa8b13dae3c2dfd9ed5d114d21b3 |
| s:q911823-10FF416F-DFC7-4611-8E18-F374742029A5 | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| s:Q911823-1A12799A-8204-4801-AF53-C3D02E78BEA2 | cast member (ps:P161) | Jerry Grayson (wd:Q18589577) |
| s:Q911823-1A12799A-8204-4801-AF53-C3D02E78BEA2 | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank          |
| s:Q911823-1A12799A-8204-4801-AF53-C3D02E78BEA2 | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank            |
| s:Q911823-1A12799A-8204-4801-AF53-C3D02E78BEA2 | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:q911823-3172F957-4B97-4851-B5CC-9DC476888E2B | cast member (ps:P161) | Ted Levine (wd:Q433520)                      |
| s:q911823-3172F957-4B97-4851-B5CC-9DC476888E2B | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:q911823-3172F957-4B97-4851-B5CC-9DC476888E2B | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:q911823-3172F957-4B97-4851-B5CC-9DC476888E2B | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:d5847b9b6032aa8b13dae3c2dfd9ed5d114d21b3 |
| s:q911823-3172F957-4B97-4851-B5CC-9DC476888E2B | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| s:Q911823-B275F3BB-85E9-4022-A8DA-E10BF1F19487 | cast member (ps:P161) | Donnie Wahlberg (wd:Q313470) |
| s:Q911823-B275F3BB-85E9-4022-A8DA-E10BF1F19487 | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank          |
| s:Q911823-B275F3BB-85E9-4022-A8DA-E10BF1F19487 | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank            |
| s:Q911823-B275F3BB-85E9-4022-A8DA-E10BF1F19487 | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement           |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 4 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                      |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------------- |
| s:Q911823-B5F37501-ECE2-4500-8B6C-3051FCBF92F2 | cast member (ps:P161) | Peter Dinklage (wd:Q310937) |
| s:Q911823-B5F37501-ECE2-4500-8B6C-3051FCBF92F2 | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank         |
| s:Q911823-B5F37501-ECE2-4500-8B6C-3051FCBF92F2 | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank           |
| s:Q911823-B5F37501-ECE2-4500-8B6C-3051FCBF92F2 | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement          |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                        | property              | object                                       |
| ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:q911823-C6327615-E97F-4C5E-85A1-170B9358E47C | cast member (ps:P161) | John Enos III (wd:Q2298419)                  |
| s:q911823-C6327615-E97F-4C5E-85A1-170B9358E47C | wikibase:rank         | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:q911823-C6327615-E97F-4C5E-85A1-170B9358E47C | rdf:type              | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:q911823-C6327615-E97F-4C5E-85A1-170B9358E47C | prov:wasDerivedFrom   | ref:d5847b9b6032aa8b13dae3c2dfd9ed5d114d21b3 |
| s:q911823-C6327615-E97F-4C5E-85A1-170B9358E47C | rdf:type              | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Assistant]
It appears that the character role (P453) qualifier is not always present for cast member statements, making it difficult to filter strictly by character role for every film. However, we can still refine the query by:

1. Excluding films that are instances of 'documentary film' (wd:Q93204).
2. Excluding films where the character role (P453) is explicitly 'himself' (wd:Q18086706, as found in the search results).

If the character role is not specified, we will include the film, as most narrative films do not always specify the character role in Wikidata.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query that:
- Selects films (wd:Q11424) where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) is a cast member (wdt:P161).
- Excludes films that are instances of 'documentary film' (wd:Q93204).
- Excludes films where the character role (P453) is 'himself' (wd:Q18086706).

Let's write the refined query.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                            |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     |
| ...                                              |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          |

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                            |
| ------------------------------------------------ |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     |
| ...                                              |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                               |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)                          |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is on the right track by filtering for narrative films (excluding documentaries) where Tupac Shakur was a cast member and not credited as 'himself.' However, the execution result still includes documentary films such as 'Tupac: Resurrection' and 'Biggie & Tupac,' which should have been excluded by the filter. This suggests that the filter for documentaries (FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?movie wdt:P31 wd:Q93204 }) is not sufficient, as some documentaries may have multiple 'instance of' values or may not be directly typed as Q93204. Consider refining the query by also excluding films where 'instance of' is a subclass of documentary film (using wdt:P279*), or by adding additional checks for other documentary-related types. Also, consider returning movie labels as OPTIONAL for better human readability.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. To address the issue:

1. Some documentaries are not directly typed as wd:Q93204 (documentary film) but as subclasses. Therefore, we should exclude any film whose instance of (P31) is a subclass (P279*) of documentary film (wd:Q93204).
2. Additionally, we can exclude other documentary-related types if needed.
3. I will also add OPTIONAL movie labels for readability.

To implement this, I will:
- Use a MINUS clause with a subquery that checks if any instance of (P31) of the movie is a subclass (P279*) of documentary film (wd:Q93204).
- Continue to filter out cases where the character role is 'himself'.
- Add OPTIONAL labels.

Here is the refined query logic:

- Select films (wd:Q11424) where Tupac Shakur (wd:Q6107) is a cast member (wdt:P161).
- Exclude any film whose instance of (P31) is a subclass (P279*) of documentary film (wd:Q93204).
- Exclude films where the character role (P453) is 'himself' (wd:Q18086706).
- Return the movie IRI and label.

Let's write and execute this improved query.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                                            | movieLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)                      | Above the Rim (en)                     |
| Biggie & Tupac (wd:Q2451402)                     | Biggie & Tupac (en)                    |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                              | Bullet (en)                            |
| Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme (wd:Q5501177)        | Freestyle: The Art of Rhyme (en)       |
| Gang Related (wd:Q2619792)                       | Gang Related (en)                      |
| ...                                              | ...                                    |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)                     | Poetic Justice (en)                    |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625)            | Straight Outta Compton (en)            |
| Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (wd:Q11704796) | Thug Angel: The Life of an Outlaw (en) |
| Tupac: Assassination (wd:Q7853467)               | Tupac: Assassination (en)              |
| Tupac: Resurrection (wd:Q749899)                 | Tupac: Resurrection (en)               |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 2 columns:
| movie                                 | movieLabel                  |
| ------------------------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Above the Rim (wd:Q2128630)           | Above the Rim (en)          |
| Bullet (wd:Q911823)                   | Bullet (en)                 |
| Gang Related (wd:Q2619792)            | Gang Related (en)           |
| Gridlock'd (wd:Q951966)               | Gridlock'd (en)             |
| Juice (wd:Q642419)                    | Juice (en)                  |
| Poetic Justice (wd:Q1537562)          | Poetic Justice (en)         |
| Straight Outta Compton (wd:Q18154625) | Straight Outta Compton (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {
  ?movie wdt:P161 wd:Q169982 .
  ?movie wdt:P31 wd:Q11424 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel FILTER ( lang( ?movieLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 49 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                             | movieLabel                |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)          | Fast Food (en)            |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)           | Copshop (en)              |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)             | Plane (en)                |
| Kandahar (wd:Q111940088)          | Kandahar (en)             |
| Last Seen Alive (wd:Q112343991)   | Last Seen Alive (en)      |
| ...                               | ...                       |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)       | The Ugly Truth (en)       |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)        | Reign of Fire (en)        |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                | Gamer (en)                |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)  | Law Abiding Citizen (en)  |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489) | Butterfly on a Wheel (en) |

This query returns all movies (films) that Gerard Butler has acted in, along with their English labels, ensuring each movie appears only once in the results.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what movies gerard butler has been in?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the movies that Gerard Butler has been in.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for Gerard Butler in Wikidata.
3. Next, I need to find the property that links an actor to the movies they have acted in (likely "cast member" or similar).
4. Then, I will construct a SPARQL query to retrieve all movies where Gerard Butler is a cast member.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Gerard Butler" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Gerard Butler, also known as Gerard James Butler (wd:Q169982): Scottish actor and film producer (born 1969), television actor, film producer, stage actor, film actor, lawyer, actor
2. Gerard A Butler (wd:Q11309355): horse trainer
3. Locky Butler, also known as Lochlann Gerard Butler (wd:Q125534277): Irish rugby union player, rugby union player
4. Gerard Butler/Shakira, also known as Saturday Night Live S35E4, Saturday Night Live, season 35 episode 4 (wd:Q110037076): episode of Saturday Night Live (S35 E4)
5. Michael Gerard Butler (wd:Q102340012): Ph.D. University of Michigan 1993
6. Butler, Edward Gerard (DNB00) (wd:Q19095193): entry in Dictionary of National Biography
7. James Robert Gerard Butler (wd:Q112436568): university teacher, economist
8. Gerard 't Hooft, also known as G. Hooft, Gerardus 't Hooft, Gerardus, G.W. 't Hooft, Hooft (wd:Q184592): Dutch theoretical physicist, theoretical physicist, university teacher, non-fiction writer, physicist, pedagogue, professor
9. Butler, also known as Butler, PA, Butler, Pennsylvania (wd:Q1017948): city and the county seat of Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States
10. Butler, also known as Butler, MO, Butler, Missouri (wd:Q955151): city in Missouri, United States

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Gerard Butler, the Scottish actor and film producer, is wd:Q169982.

Next, I need to find the property that links an actor to the movies they have acted in. This is likely something like "cast member" or "actor" in a film. I will search for properties related to "cast member" to confirm the correct property to use.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
2. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
5. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
6. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
7. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
8. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
9. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
10. film crew member (wd:P3092 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): member of the crew creating an audiovisual work, used for miscel... available: notably for cast member (P161), director (P57), etc., significant person

[Assistant]
The property "cast member" (wdt:P161) is the most appropriate to link an actor to the movies they have acted in.

Now, I need to construct a SPARQL query to find all movies (films) where Gerard Butler (wd:Q169982) is a cast member. To ensure we only get movies (and not TV shows or other works), I will filter for items that are instances of "film" (wd:Q11424).

I will also include optional labels for the movies for readability.

Here is the SPARQL query I will use:

[Tool]
Got 49 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| movie                             |
| --------------------------------- |
| Fast Food (wd:Q10280250)          |
| Copshop (wd:Q103822078)           |
| Plane (wd:Q108131599)             |
| Kandahar (wd:Q111940088)          |
| Last Seen Alive (wd:Q112343991)   |
| ...                               |
| The Ugly Truth (wd:Q922630)       |
| Reign of Fire (wd:Q925384)        |
| Gamer (wd:Q947885)                |
| Law Abiding Citizen (wd:Q951071)  |
| Butterfly on a Wheel (wd:Q967489) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct and returns the expected results (movies Gerard Butler has acted in). However, the query currently returns only the movie IRIs and optionally their English labels. Since the user did not explicitly request labels, the OPTIONAL clause for labels is acceptable, but it would be better to always include the label in the SELECT clause as an optional field, e.g., SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel WHERE {...}. This makes the results more user-friendly and easier to interpret. Additionally, ensure that the query does not filter out relevant results by language unnecessarily. Otherwise, the structure and logic of the query are correct.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query:

- I will explicitly include both the movie IRI and its label in the SELECT clause: SELECT ?movie ?movieLabel.
- I will keep the label retrieval optional, but will not filter out non-English labels—this way, if an English label is not available, labels in other languages may still be shown.
- The rest of the logic (finding movies where Gerard Butler is a cast member and the item is a film) remains unchanged.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is mostly correct: it retrieves all movies (films) where Gerard Butler is a cast member and includes their labels. However, the way labels are retrieved (OPTIONAL { ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel }) results in multiple rows per movie, one for each language label, which can cause unnecessary duplication in the results. To improve, the query should either:

1. Limit the labels to a specific language (e.g., English) if the user expects results in one language, or
2. Use GROUP BY or DISTINCT to ensure each movie appears only once, possibly with a preferred label.

Additionally, the query correctly returns the movie IRIs as required. No further refinement is needed regarding the entities or properties used.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. To address the potential duplication of results due to multiple language labels, I will refine the query as follows:

- I will limit the label to English, which is the most common expectation for users unless otherwise specified.
- This will ensure each movie appears only once in the results, with its English label if available.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?prop {
    wdt:P37 wdt:P2936
  }
  wd:Q145 ?prop ?language .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                    | languageLabel        |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        | Polari (en)          |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           | Scots (en)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          | English (en)         |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  | Welsh Romani (en)    |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         | Cornish (en)         |
| ...                         | ...                  |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) | Scottish Cant (en)   |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    | Angloromani (en)     |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            | Irish (en)           |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            | Welsh (en)           |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  | Scottish Gaelic (en) |

The major languages spoken in the United Kingdom, according to Wikidata, are: English, Welsh, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Irish, Angloromani, Polari, Scottish Cant, and Welsh Romani.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what are the major languages spoken in the united kingdom?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "United Kingdom".
2. The property of interest is "major languages spoken" or "languages spoken".
3. We need to identify the United Kingdom entity in Wikidata and the property for "languages spoken" or "official language", and possibly "major language".

First, I will search for the entity "United Kingdom" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. United Kingdom, also known as U.K., UK, U. K., U K, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe
2. United Kingdom, also known as U K, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The UK, U. K., Great Britain and Northern Ireland (wd:Q145): country in north-west Europe
3. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as Great Britain and Ireland, UK, UKGBI, United Kingdom (wd:Q174193): historical sovereign state (1801–1922)
4. A United Kingdom, also known as United Kingdom (wd:Q21528200): 2016 film by Amma Asante
5. United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, also known as United Kingdom (wd:Q974636)
6. United Kingdom (wd:Q108280869): 1989 studio album by American Music Club
7. Pedlars Act 1871, also known as Pedlars Act 1881, United Kingdom, (wd:Q55629342): 1871 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Act of Parliament 34 & 35 Vic c. 96
8. United Kingdom (wd:Q110577800): Manny Montes's single
9. United Kingdom (wd:Q7887906): album by Manny Montes
10. United Kingdom (wd:Q96412324)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the United Kingdom as a country is wd:Q145.

Next, I need to find the property in Wikidata that relates to "major languages spoken" or "languages spoken". Common properties for this are "official language" and "language spoken". I will search for properties related to "language" for the United Kingdom.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as p/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as p/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as p/wdt): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
6. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as p/wdt): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
9. Libraries Australia ID, also known as CNLKIN, NLA Kinetica Service identifier, NLA (Australia) identifier, NLA (Australia) ID, Libraries Australia identifier (wd:P409 as p/wdt): identifier issued by the National Library of Australia (see also...F component. Format: 1-12 digits, removing leading zero-padding.
10. religion or worldview, also known as believes, worldview, religious affiliation, religion or world view, religion (wd:P140 as p/wdt): religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for languages spoken in the United Kingdom are:
- official language (wdt:P37)
- language used (wdt:P2936)

"Official language" will give us the official languages, while "language used" may provide a broader list of major languages spoken in the country. To be comprehensive, I will query both properties for the United Kingdom (wd:Q145).

I will now construct a SPARQL query to retrieve all languages associated with the United Kingdom via these two properties, along with their labels.

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                    |
| --------------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         |
| ...                         |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  |

[Tool]
Got 12 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                    | languageLabel        |
| --------------------------- | -------------------- |
| Polari (wd:Q1359130)        | Polari (en)          |
| Scots (wd:Q14549)           | Scots (en)           |
| English (wd:Q1860)          | English (en)         |
| Welsh Romani (wd:Q2097387)  | Welsh Romani (en)    |
| Cornish (wd:Q25289)         | Cornish (en)         |
| ...                         | ...                  |
| Scottish Cant (wd:Q3915671) | Scottish Cant (en)   |
| Angloromani (wd:Q541279)    | Angloromani (en)     |
| Irish (wd:Q9142)            | Irish (en)           |
| Welsh (wd:Q9309)            | Welsh (en)           |
| Scottish Gaelic (wd:Q9314)  | Scottish Gaelic (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all languages that are either official (P37) or widely used (P2936) in the United Kingdom (wd:Q145), returning their IRIs and optionally their English labels. The answer provided matches the query result and is accurate. The query follows all specified rules, including returning IRIs and using optional labels. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?cause WHERE {
  wd:Q40933 wdt:P509 ?cause
}

Eva Perón died from cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of cancer did eva peron die from?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The question asks for the type of cancer that Eva Perón died from.
2. We need to identify the entity for Eva Perón in Wikidata.
3. Then, we need to find the property that links a person to their cause of death or specific disease.
4. Finally, we need to retrieve the type of cancer (as an entity/IRI) associated with Eva Perón's death.

First, I will search for "Eva Perón" in Wikidata to get her entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Eva Perón, also known as Evita Perón, Maria Eva Duarte de Peron, Evita, María Eva Duarte de Perón, Maria Eva Duarte Peron (wd:Q40933): Argentine actress and politician (1919–1952), women's rights activist, trade unionist, stage actor, suffragist, politician, film actor
2. Eva Perón: The True Story, also known as Eva Peron, Eva Perón (wd:Q953441): 1996 film by Juan Carlos Desanzo
3. Fray Luis Beltrán, also known as Eva Perón, Eva Perón tanker, Fray Luis Beltrán tanker (wd:Q113059537): tanker
4. Eva Perón (wd:Q113030601): tanker
5. Hospital Lagomarsino, also known as Eva Perón (wd:Q5902632): hospital in Merlo, Buenos Aires
6. Uruguay, also known as Eva Perón (wd:Q113330807): 1951 passenger ship
7. Eva Perón (wd:Q47512378): painting by Boris Chaliapin
8. Estadio Eva Perón, also known as Estadio Eva Peron (wd:Q5400194): football stadium in Junín, Argentina
9. Puerto Eva Perón (wd:Q972928): ciudad en la provincia de Chaco, Argentina
10. Eva Perón Foundation (wd:Q2004004): former Argentine foundation

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Eva Perón, the Argentine actress and politician, is wd:Q40933.

Next, I need to find the property that describes the cause of death or specific disease that led to her death. I will search for properties related to "cause of death" or "disease" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as p/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
2. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as p/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as p/wdt): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
4. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as p/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
5. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as p/wdt): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
6. religion or worldview, also known as believes, worldview, religious affiliation, religion or world view, religion (wd:P140 as p/wdt): religion of a person, organization or religious building, or associated with this subject
7. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
8. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
9. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
10. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the cause of Eva Perón's death is "cause of death" (wdt:P509).

Now, I will check what value is given for Eva Perón's cause of death (wd:Q40933 wdt:P509 ?cause) and see if it specifies a type of cancer.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| cause                              |
| ---------------------------------- |
| cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| cause                              | causeLabel                 |
| ---------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| cervix uterine cancer (wd:Q160105) | cervix uterine cancer (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the cause of death for Eva Perón by selecting the value of the 'cause of death' (wdt:P509) property for her Wikidata entity (wd:Q40933). The answer matches the query result, and the query returns the expected identifier (wd:Q160105) for cervix uterine cancer. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?language ?languageLabel WHERE {
  VALUES ?prop {
    wdt:P37 wdt:P2936
  }
  wd:Q408 ?prop ?language .
  FILTER ( isIRI( ?language ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?language rdfs:label ?languageLabel FILTER ( lang( ?languageLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 414 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                                          | languageLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Ami (wd:Q10408315)                                | Ami (en)                                  |
| Anmatyerre (wd:Q10412317)                         | Anmatyerre (en)                           |
| Bayungu (wd:Q10427485)                            | Bayungu (en)                              |
| Dagoman (wd:Q10465931)                            | Dagoman (en)                              |
| Dayi (wd:Q10467281)                               | Dayi (en)                                 |
| ...                                               | ...                                       |
| Serbian (wd:Q9299)                                | Serbian (en)                              |
| Pakanha (wd:Q954916)                              | Pakanha (en)                              |
| Australian Aboriginal sign languages (wd:Q955216) | Australian Aboriginal sign languages (en) |
| Bangla (wd:Q9610)                                 | Bangla (en)                               |
| Martuthunira (wd:Q975399)                         | Martuthunira (en)                         |

People in Australia speak a wide variety of languages, including English (the official language), many indigenous Australian languages, immigrant languages, and sign languages. This query returns the IRIs and English labels of all languages spoken in Australia according to Wikidata, filtering out blank nodes and non-IRI results.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what do people in australia speak?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know what languages are spoken by people in Australia.
2. We need to identify the entity for "Australia" and the property that links a country to its spoken languages.

Step 1: Find the entity for "Australia".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Australia, also known as AU, The Commonwealth of Australia, Stria, Straya, Stralia (wd:Q408): country in Oceania
2. Australian continent, also known as New Holland, Sahul, Nova Hollandia, Meganesia, Australinea (wd:Q3960): continent in the Earth's Southern Hemisphere
3. Australia (wd:Q275180): 2008 film by Baz Luhrmann
4. Australia (wd:Q205546): 1989 film by Jean-Jacques Andrien
5. Australia (wd:Q4823546): 1996 single by Manic Street Preachers
6. Australia (wd:Q781244): board game
7. Australia (wd:Q16835533): Racehorse
8. Australia, also known as Australia (KA–5) (wd:Q4823541): yacht that raced in the Americas Cup
9. Australia (wd:Q4823543): 2000 album by Howie Day
10. Australia (wd:Q25907685): albedo feature on the planet Mercury

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Australia" as a country is wd:Q408.

Step 2: Find the property that links a country to its spoken languages. I'll search for properties related to "language" for countries.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. official language, also known as language spoken, spoken in, speaking, language official (wd:P37 as p/wdt): language designated as official by this item, language used
2. language used, also known as languages used, medium of instruction, used language, uses language, working language (wd:P2936 as p/wdt): language widely used (spoken or written) in this place or at this event or organisation
3. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
4. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name
5. culture, also known as archaeological culture, civilisation, civilization (wd:P2596 as p/wdt): human culture or people (or several cultures) associated with this item, part of
6. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as p/wdt): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
7. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
8. external data available at URL, also known as data, external data URL, URL with external data (wd:P1325 as p/wdt): URL where external data on this item can be found
9. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
10. Libraries Australia ID, also known as CNLKIN, NLA Kinetica Service identifier, NLA (Australia) identifier, NLA (Australia) ID, Libraries Australia identifier (wd:P409 as p/wdt): identifier issued by the National Library of Australia (see also...F component. Format: 1-12 digits, removing leading zero-padding.

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties are:
- official language (wdt:P37)
- language used (wdt:P2936)

"Official language" gives the official language(s), while "language used" may give a broader set of languages spoken in the country.

To comprehensively answer "what do people in Australia speak?", I will query both properties for Australia (wd:Q408).

First, let's check which languages are listed under "official language" and "language used" for Australia.

[Tool]
Got 416 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| language                                          | languageLabel                             |
| ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Ami (wd:Q10408315)                                | Ami (en)                                  |
| Anmatyerre (wd:Q10412317)                         | Anmatyerre (en)                           |
| Bayungu (wd:Q10427485)                            | Bayungu (en)                              |
| Dagoman (wd:Q10465931)                            | Dagoman (en)                              |
| Dayi (wd:Q10467281)                               | Dayi (en)                                 |
| ...                                               | ...                                       |
| Pakanha (wd:Q954916)                              | Pakanha (en)                              |
| Australian Aboriginal sign languages (wd:Q955216) | Australian Aboriginal sign languages (en) |
| Bangla (wd:Q9610)                                 | Bangla (en)                               |
| Martuthunira (wd:Q975399)                         | Martuthunira (en)                         |
| _:bn1379744                                       |                                           |

[Assistant]
The query returned a large number of languages, including both indigenous Australian languages (like Anmatyerre, Bayungu, Dagoman, etc.), sign languages, and immigrant languages (like Bangla). This reflects the linguistic diversity in Australia.

To summarize:
- Australia has many languages spoken, including indigenous languages, immigrant languages, and sign languages.
- The official language property (wdt:P37) for Australia is likely "English," but the "language used" property (wdt:P2936) includes a much broader set.

Here is a SPARQL query that returns the IRIs of all languages spoken in Australia (either official or widely used), along with their English labels if available.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct and retrieves all languages spoken in Australia using both the 'official language' (P37) and 'language used' (P2936) properties. However, the query only returns the IRIs of the languages without any human-readable labels, which may make the result less user-friendly. It would be better to include optional labels for the languages using rdfs:label, so that users can see the names of the languages alongside their IRIs. Also, the presence of a blank node (e.g., _:bn1379744) in the results suggests that there may be some non-standard or incomplete data; consider filtering out blank nodes if only language entities are desired.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. Here’s how I’ll refine the query:

1. I will add an OPTIONAL clause to retrieve the English label (rdfs:label) for each language, making the results more user-friendly.
2. To avoid blank nodes (which are not valid IRIs for languages), I will filter the results to only include IRIs that are actual Wikidata entities (i.e., their string representation starts with "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/").

Let's update the query accordingly.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all languages spoken in Australia by using both the 'official language' (P37) and 'language used' (P2936) properties for the entity Australia (wd:Q408). It returns the IRIs of the languages as required, and includes optional English labels. The answer is accurate, complete, and follows all specified rules.


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q38 wdt:P38 ?currency .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel FILTER ( lang( ?currencyLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency        | currencyLabel |
| --------------- | ------------- |
| Euro (wd:Q4916) | euro (en)     |

The currency used in Italy is the euro (IRI: wd:Q4916).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is money called in italy?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the name of the currency used in Italy.
2. We need to identify the entity for Italy and the property for currency.
3. Then, we need to retrieve the currency used in Italy.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Italy" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Italy, also known as Italia, Republic of Italy, Repubblica Italiana, Italian Republic, ITA (wd:Q38): country in Southern Europe
2. Italian Peninsula, also known as Apennine Peninsula, Italic Peninsula, Italy, lo Stivale, península Itálica (wd:Q145694): peninsula of southern Europe
3. Kingdom of Italy, also known as IT, Italy, Regno d’Italia (wd:Q172579): kingdom in Southern Europe from 1861 to 1946
4. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Italy, Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, Regno d'Italia, Royaume d’Italie, Italian Kingdom (wd:Q223936): kingdom in southern Europe between 1805 and 1814
5. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Italian Kingdom, Italy, Regnum Italiae, Regnum Italicorum, Regnum Italicum (wd:Q838931): (817–1014) constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire
6. Italy, also known as Italy, Texas, Italy, TX (wd:Q977238): town in Ellis County, Texas, United States
7. Italy, also known as Italy, NY (wd:Q3708720): town in New York
8. Kingdom of Italy, also known as Italy, Regnum Italicum, Regno d'Italia, Italian Kingdom (wd:Q5343710): kingdom in Southern Europe between 781 and 962
9. Pessione, also known as Italy (wd:Q2028109): human settlement in Chieri, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy
10. Archivio di Stato di Parma, also known as archiviodistatoparma.beniculturali.it, Italy, Parma State Archive, Parma State Archives, State Archive of Parma (wd:Q3621658): archives in Italy

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the modern country of Italy is wd:Q38.

Next, I need to find the property in Wikidata that represents the currency used by a country. I'll search for properties related to "currency".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. currency, also known as base currency, used money (wd:P38 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): currency used by item, uses
2. ISO 4217 code, also known as currency code, ISO 4217, ISO 4217 alphabetic code, ISO currency code (wd:P498 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): identifier for a currency per ISO 4217
3. price, also known as cost, exchange rate, list price, MSRP, published price (wd:P2284 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): published price listed or paid for a product (use with unit of currency)
4. prize money, also known as money, purse, value (wd:P2121 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): amount in a specific currency
5. cash (wd:P2232 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): the value of cash and securities held by a state government
6. currency symbol description (wd:P489 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): item with description of currency symbol, notation
7. face value, also known as coin value, numeric value of coin, value of coin (wd:P3934 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): value printed on a coin, stamp or banknote by the issuing authority
8. quantity, also known as amount, total number, total, qty, occurrences (wd:P1114 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): number of instances of this subject in the universe of the subje...e actual number of instances in Wikidata may be lower or higher)
9. item of property constraint, also known as claim value, value, qid, property value, item qualifier (wd:P2305 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): qualifier to define a property constraint in combination with "property constraint" (P2302)
10. numeric value, also known as numerical value, value (wd:P1181 as wdtn/pr/prv/psn/pqn/prn/p/ps/psv/wdt/pq/pqv): numerical value of a number, a mathematical constant, or a physical constant

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the currency used by a country is "currency" (wd:P38).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the currency (wdt:P38) used by Italy (wd:Q38). I will also try to get the label of the currency for readability, but will keep it optional as per the instructions.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| currency        | currencyLabel |
| --------------- | ------------- |
| Euro (wd:Q4916) | euro (en)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the currency (Euro) used in Italy by querying the property 'currency' (P38) for the entity Italy (Q38). However, the query only returns the IRI of the currency. For completeness and better human readability, it would be beneficial to also include the label of the currency using OPTIONAL {?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel. FILTER (lang(?currencyLabel) = "en")}. This way, the result will contain both the IRI and the English label of the currency, making it more informative and user-friendly.

[Assistant]
Thank you for your feedback. You are correct: including the English label for the currency makes the result more informative and user-friendly. I will update the SPARQL query to include both the IRI and the English label of the currency using an OPTIONAL clause.

Here is the improved SPARQL query:

```sparql
SELECT ?currency ?currencyLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q38 wdt:P38 ?currency .
  OPTIONAL { ?currency rdfs:label ?currencyLabel FILTER (lang(?currencyLabel) = "en") }
}
```

This query will return both the IRI and the English label of the currency used in Italy.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the currency used in Italy by querying the 'currency' property (wdt:P38) for the entity Italy (wd:Q38). The query also optionally retrieves the English label for the currency. The answer provided is accurate and matches the query result. No further refinement is needed.