PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?seat ?seatLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q7159 wdt:P159 ?seat .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?seat rdfs:label ?seatLabel FILTER ( lang( ?seatLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| seat                     | seatLabel         |
| ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| Johannesburg (wd:Q34647) | Johannesburg (en) |
| Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624)   | Addis Ababa (en)  |

According to Wikidata, both Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624) and Johannesburg (wd:Q34647) are listed as headquarters locations (seats) of the African Union. However, the data does not distinguish which is the official or primary seat. In reality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, is the official and primary headquarters of the African Union, while Johannesburg may host some meetings or institutions. The SPARQL query cannot filter for the official seat due to the lack of such distinction in the data.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is the seat of the african union?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity in question is the "African Union".
2. The property we are interested in is the "seat" (i.e., the location of its headquarters).

First, I will search for the entity "African Union" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. African Union, also known as African union, AU, The African Union, UA, Union Africaine (wd:Q7159): supranational union in Africa
2. African Union (wd:Q59167361): 2014 scholarly article by Paul Jackson
3. flag of the African Union, also known as African Union flag, the African Union flag (wd:Q630077): flag
4. African Monetary Union (wd:Q388083): proposed economic and monetary union
5. African Union Passport, also known as AU Passport, Passport (African Union) (wd:Q25927278): common passport document for citizens of African Union member states
6. African Union Commission (wd:Q2362881): Executive branch of the African Union
7. African Judo Union, also known as AJU (wd:Q3606247): Judo union
8. Kenya African Union (wd:Q6392541): political organization
9. African Parliamentary Union (wd:Q25098864): interparliamentary organization
10. African Boxing Union (wd:Q11284666)

[Assistant]
The correct entity for the African Union is wd:Q7159.

Next, I need to find the property that represents the "seat" or "headquarters location" of an organization. I will search for properties related to "seat" or "headquarters".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. electoral district, also known as riding, seat, ward, electoral area, electorate (wd:P768 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): electoral district this person is representing, or of the office... or "office contested" (P541) or "candidacy in election" (P3602)
2. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
3. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
4. number of seats in assembly, also known as number of delegates, number of representatives, number of seats, seats (wd:P1410 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): number of seats a political party, faction, or group has in a given assembly
5. maximum capacity, also known as capacity, complement, crew, number of seats, seating capacity (wd:P1083 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): number of people allowed for a venue or vehicle
6. number of seats, also known as membership quantity, number of seats (members), quantity of members, seats (members) (wd:P1342 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): total number of seats/members in an assembly (legislative house or similar)
7. professorship, also known as professorship position, named professorship, named chair, endowed professorship, chair (wd:P803 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): professorship position held by this academic person, position held
8. chairperson, also known as dean, headed by, leader, president, chairwoman (wd:P488 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): presiding member of an organization, group or body, director / manager, significant person
9. organization directed by the office or position, also known as leader of, head of, leads, organization directed by, organization directed from the office (wd:P2389 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): organization which is directed by this office
10. position played on team / speciality, also known as position (on team), speciality, specialism, position, player position (wd:P413 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): position or specialism of a player on a team

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for the seat or headquarters of an organization is "headquarters location" (wd:P159).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the headquarters location of the African Union (wd:Q7159) using the property "headquarters location" (wd:P159). I will also try to get a human-readable label for the result.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| seat                     | seatLabel         |
| ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| Johannesburg (wd:Q34647) | Johannesburg (en) |
| Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624)   | Addis Ababa (en)  |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                         | object                   |
| ------------------------ | -------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | headquarters location (wdt:P159) | Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624)   |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | headquarters location (wdt:P159) | Johannesburg (wd:Q34647) |

[Tool]
Got 963 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                  | property                                       | object                                                                                |
| ------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | instance of (wdt:P31)                          | international organization (wd:Q484652)                                                                               |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                    | African Union                                                                                |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | image (wdt:P18)                                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Map%20of%20the%20African%20Union%20with%20Suspended%20States.svg> |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | inception (wdt:P571)                           | 1999-09-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                                |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | short name (wdt:P1813)                         | AA (din)                                                                                |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                         | Regions of the African Union (wd:Q17092680)                                                                           |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                | The Oxford Encyclopedia of African Thought (wd:Q22639418)                                                             |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | official website (wdt:P856)                    | <https://au.int>                                                                                |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | follows (wdt:P155)                             | Organisation of African Unity (wd:Q191703)                                                                            |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | on focus list of Wikimedia project (wdt:P5008) | wd:Q5460604                                                                                |
| ...                      | ...                                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The SPARQL query found two locations listed as the headquarters of the African Union: Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624) and Johannesburg (wd:Q34647). However, the widely recognized seat of the African Union is Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Johannesburg may be listed due to hosting some events or offices, but the main seat is in Addis Ababa.

Here is the SPARQL query that returns both possible seats, along with their IRIs and optional English labels.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the headquarters locations (seats) of the African Union using the appropriate property (wdt:P159). However, the answer should clarify that Addis Ababa is the official and primary seat, while Johannesburg may be listed due to hosting some meetings or institutions but is not the official headquarters. The query itself is correct, but the answer should emphasize the distinction and provide context for why Johannesburg appears in the results. No changes to the SPARQL query are needed, but the answer should be refined for accuracy and clarity.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the headquarters locations (seat) of the African Union, returning both Addis Ababa and Johannesburg. However, the question asks for the seat (singular), which refers to the official headquarters. The answer correctly identifies Addis Ababa as the primary seat, but the query does not distinguish between official and secondary/temporary seats. If possible, the query should be refined to return only the official headquarters, perhaps by checking qualifiers or ranks if available in the data. If such distinction is not possible in the data, the answer should clarify this limitation.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                  | property                       | object                                       |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF |
| African Union (wd:Q7159) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                     |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | coordinate location (pq:P625)   | POINT(38.741945 9.000833) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | postal code (pq:P281)           | 378                                        |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | headquarters location (ps:P159) | Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624)                     |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                        |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | rdf:type                        | wikibase:BestRank                          |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | coordinate location (pqv:P625)  | v:7bb77ad33333d6c377a4499f9fe1f528         |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                         |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | headquarters location (ps:P159) | Johannesburg (wd:Q34647)                     |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | rdf:type                        | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | prov:wasDerivedFrom             | ref:bb5ac082f4abdee92f0da9de9b14c58383386c0b |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Failed to list triples with error:
Tried to allocate 8.2 GB, but only 4.2 GB were available. Clear the cache or allow more memory for QLever during startup

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property      | object              |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------- |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | wikibase:rank | wikibase:NormalRank |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property      | object              |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------- | ------------------- |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | wikibase:rank | wikibase:NormalRank |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                     |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | coordinate location (pq:P625)   | POINT(38.741945 9.000833) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | postal code (pq:P281)           | 378                                        |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | headquarters location (ps:P159) | Addis Ababa (wd:Q3624)                     |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                        |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | rdf:type                        | wikibase:BestRank                          |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | coordinate location (pqv:P625)  | v:7bb77ad33333d6c377a4499f9fe1f528         |
| s:Q7159-A7912A62-9B4F-4761-99CB-18C6CF06B3EF | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                         |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | headquarters location (ps:P159) | Johannesburg (wd:Q34647)                     |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | rdf:type                        | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | prov:wasDerivedFrom             | ref:bb5ac082f4abdee92f0da9de9b14c58383386c0b |
| s:Q7159-c0895dc0-49c3-f562-7edb-ed26b9bf3a24 | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Assistant]
After inspecting the statements for both Addis Ababa and Johannesburg as headquarters locations for the African Union, both are marked with "wikibase:NormalRank" and neither has a "preferred" or "deprecated" rank, nor any qualifier indicating "official" or "primary" status. There are no qualifiers or ranks in the data that distinguish Addis Ababa as the official seat and Johannesburg as a secondary location.

Therefore, it is not possible to filter the SPARQL query to return only the official headquarters based on the available data. The answer should clarify this limitation.

Here is the refined answer and the query.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?country WHERE {
  VALUES ?river {
    wd:Q3542
  }
  ?river wdt:P17 ?country .
  wd:Q66065 wdt:P17 ?country .
}

The Niger River flows through the following Sahel countries: Niger, Nigeria, and Mali.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] through which countries of the sahel does the niger river flow?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know which countries of the Sahel are traversed by the Niger River.
2. So, we need to:
   - Identify the Sahel countries.
   - Identify the countries through which the Niger River flows.
   - Find the intersection of these two sets.

Step 1: Find the entity for "Niger River" and "Sahel" in Wikidata.

I'll start by searching for "Niger River" and "Sahel" entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Niger River, also known as fleuve Niger, Niger, Quorra, River Niger (wd:Q3542): river in West Africa
2. Niger River, also known as Rivière Nigger (wd:Q21007791): river in Quebec (Canada)
3. The River Niger, also known as River Niger (wd:Q3989042): 1976 film by Krishna Shah
4. River Niger Bridge, also known as River Niger Bridge in Onitsha, Onitsha Bridge (wd:Q7337655): bridge in Nigeria over the Niger River
5. The River Niger (wd:Q7761001): play written by Joseph A. Walker
6. LNG River Niger, also known as IMO 9262235 (wd:Q117065668): LNG carrier built in 2006
7. Niger Delta, also known as delta of the Niger River (wd:Q29412): delta of the Niger River in Nigeria and the surrounding region
8. Nigerian Railways River class (wd:Q7033008): class of West African 2-8-2 locomotives
9. River Studies in Nigeria (wd:Q58952703): scientific article published in Nature
10. river front, Calabar, Nigeria (wd:Q110819391)

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sahel, also known as West African Sahel, West African Sahel region (wd:Q66065): ecoclimatic and biogeographic transition zone in Africa
2. Sahel, also known as Sahel, Tunisia (wd:Q957052): region of Tunisia
3. Sahel (wd:Q3461536): commune of Mali
4. Sahel (wd:Q7399580): town in Larache Province, Morocco
5. Sahel (wd:Q28899612): douar in Morocco
6. Sahel (wd:Q28899611): douar in Morocco (Al Hoceima)
7. Sahel (wd:Q7399583): former province of Eritrea
8. Sahel (wd:Q23945221)
9. Sahel, also known as Sahel (app), Sahel app, Sahel (application), Sahel application, The Unified Government Application of Electronic Services (wd:Q108520833): Kuwaiti government application
10. Sahel, also known as Sahel (family name), Sahel (surname) (wd:Q68518612): family name

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. country, also known as countries (wd:Q6256): distinct territorial body or political entity
2. Sahel, also known as West African Sahel, West African Sahel region (wd:Q66065): ecoclimatic and biogeographic transition zone in Africa
3. Sahel, also known as Sahel, Tunisia (wd:Q957052): region of Tunisia
4. Sahel (wd:Q3461536): commune of Mali
5. Sahel (wd:Q7399580): town in Larache Province, Morocco
6. Sahel (wd:Q28899612): douar in Morocco
7. Sahel (wd:Q28899611): douar in Morocco (Al Hoceima)
8. Sahel (wd:Q7399583): former province of Eritrea
9. Sahel (wd:Q23945221)
10. Sahel, also known as Sahel (app), Sahel app, Sahel (application), Sahel application, The Unified Government Application of Electronic Services (wd:Q108520833): Kuwaiti government application

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. mouth of the watercourse, also known as flows into, watercourse outflow, watercourse ends in, watercourse drain, tributary of (wd:P403 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the body of water to which the watercourse drains
2. facilitates flow of, also known as carries, channel for, controls flux of, enables flow of, regulates flow of (wd:P10228 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the cargo/substrate actively transported or passively channeled by a protein
3. tributary, also known as has inflow of, affluent, receives tributary, receives river, has river inflow (wd:P974 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): watercourse that flows into an other one (for lake inflows use P200)
4. inflows, also known as inflow, lake inflow, river inflows (wd:P200 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): major inflow sources — rivers, aquifers, glacial runoff, etc. Some terms may not be place names, e.g. none
5. outflows, also known as lake outflow, outflow (wd:P201 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): rivers and other outflows waterway names. If evaporation or seep...be included. Some terms may not be place names, e.g. evaporation
6. origin of the watercourse, also known as headwaters, water source, water origin, water body origin, stream source (wd:P885 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main source of a river, stream or lake
7. next crossing downstream, also known as downstream crossing adjacent (wd:P2674 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): next crossing of this river, canal, etc. downstream of this subject, followed by
8. crosses, also known as under, tunnel under, through, spanning, over (wd:P177 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): obstacle (body of water, road, railway...) which this bridge (ferry, ford) crosses over or this tunnel goes under
9. located in or next to body of water, also known as located on body of water, ocean, on bay, next to lake, on coast of (wd:P206 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): body of water on or next to which a place is located, location
10. total produced, also known as total made, total built, quantity issued, qty produced, qty made (wd:P1092 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): quantity of item produced

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. valid in place, also known as applies to country, applies to location, applies to place, country, true in (wd:P3005 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): place where a statement is valid, applies to part
2. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
5. operating area, also known as province served, serves jurisdiction, serves geographic region, serves geographic area, serves area (wd:P2541 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): geographic area or jurisdiction an organisation or industry operates in, serves, or has responsibility for, location
6. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
7. continent (wd:P30 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
8. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
9. place of publication, also known as published in (place), where published, release region, released in, published from (wd:P291 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): geographical place of publication of the edition (use 1st edition when referring to works), significant place
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. continent (wd:P30 as p/wdt): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
3. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
4. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
6. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. locator map image, also known as locator map, map image, map (wd:P242 as p/wdt): geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject within some larger entity, image
9. basin country, also known as basin countries (wd:P205 as p/wdt): country that have drainage to/from or border the body of water
10. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                 | object            |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | basin country (wdt:P205) | Guinea (wd:Q1006) |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property          | object             |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- | ------------------ |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Nigeria (wd:Q1033) |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Mali (wd:Q912)     |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Benin (wd:Q962)    |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Niger (wd:Q1032)   |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Guinea (wd:Q1006)  |

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
2. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
3. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
4. part of, also known as of, within, system of, subsystem of, subgroup of (wd:P361 as p/wdt): object of which the subject is a part (if this subject is alread... of "has part" (P527, see also "has parts of the class" (P2670))
5. located in/on physical feature, also known as located on the terrain feature, location (terrain feature), loc (terr), on, on geographical feature (wd:P706 as p/wdt): located on the specified (geo)physical feature. Should not be us...nly political/administrative (P131) or a mountain range (P4552)., location, part of
6. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
7. topic's main category, also known as article's main category, category, category for this topic, catmain, has category (wd:P910 as p/wdt): main Wikimedia category
8. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
9. locator map image, also known as locator map, map image, map (wd:P242 as p/wdt): geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject within some larger entity, image
10. shares border with, also known as shares borders with, next to, bordered by, border, borders clockwise (wd:P47 as p/wdt): countries or administrative subdivisions, of equal level, that t...rders, either by land or water. A single common point is enough.

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject           | property          | object                 |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------- |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Egypt (wd:Q79)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Sudan (wd:Q1049)       |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mauritania (wd:Q1025)  |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Senegal (wd:Q1041)     |
| ...               | ...               | ...                    |

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject           | property          | object                 |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------- |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Egypt (wd:Q79)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Sudan (wd:Q1049)       |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mauritania (wd:Q1025)  |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Senegal (wd:Q1041)     |
| ...               | ...               | ...                    |

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject           | property          | object                 |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------- |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Egypt (wd:Q79)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Sudan (wd:Q1049)       |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mauritania (wd:Q1025)  |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Senegal (wd:Q1041)     |
| ...               | ...               | ...                    |

[Tool]
Got 14 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject           | property          | object                 |
| ----------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------- |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Egypt (wd:Q79)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Sudan (wd:Q1049)       |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Mauritania (wd:Q1025)  |
| Sahel (wd:Q66065) | country (wdt:P17) | Senegal (wd:Q1041)     |
| ...               | ...               | ...                    |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| country            |
| ------------------ |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)   |
| Nigeria (wd:Q1033) |
| Mali (wd:Q912)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer and the SPARQL query are on the right track, but the query logic is not precise. The current query returns countries that are both (1) the country of the Niger River (P17 of wd:Q3542) and (2) the country of the Sahel (P17 of wd:Q66065). However, P17 for the Niger River is not the correct property to find the countries it flows through; it only gives the country where the river item is located, not all countries it traverses. The correct property is 'river passes through' (P463), or 'located in the administrative territorial entity' (P131), or similar. Additionally, the query should first find all countries the Niger River flows through, then filter those to only those that are part of the Sahel region. Please revise the query to use the correct properties and logic.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the property "country" (P17) on the river entity does not necessarily indicate all the countries the river flows through. Instead, we should look for properties like "located in the administrative territorial entity" (P131), "river passes through" (P463), or similar, which more accurately capture the countries traversed by the Niger River.

Let me proceed step by step:

Step 1: Search for properties on the Niger River entity that indicate the countries it flows through, such as "located in the administrative territorial entity" (P131), "river passes through" (P463), or similar.

Step 2: Use these properties to find all countries traversed by the Niger River.

Step 3: Intersect this set with the set of Sahel countries (already found via wd:Q66065 wdt:P17 ?country).

Let's begin by searching for relevant properties on the Niger River entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. mouth of the watercourse, also known as flows into, watercourse outflow, watercourse ends in, watercourse drain, tributary of (wd:P403 as p/wdt): the body of water to which the watercourse drains
2. tributary, also known as has inflow of, affluent, receives tributary, receives river, has river inflow (wd:P974 as p/wdt): watercourse that flows into an other one (for lake inflows use P200)
3. origin of the watercourse, also known as headwaters, water source, water origin, water body origin, stream source (wd:P885 as p/wdt): main source of a river, stream or lake
4. drainage basin, also known as watershed, water basin, river basin district, river basin, catchment area (wd:P4614 as p/wdt): area where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water, located in/on physical feature
5. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
6. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
7. discharge (wd:P2225 as p/wdt): volume rate of water flow which is transported through a given cross-sectional area
8. locator map image, also known as locator map, map image, map (wd:P242 as p/wdt): geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject within some larger entity, image
9. length, also known as size, long, LOA, distance, dimension (wd:P2043 as p/wdt): measured dimension of an object
10. lake on watercourse, also known as reservoir on this river, lakes on river, lake on stream, lake on river, lake on this river (wd:P469 as p/wdt): lake or reservoir through which the river or stream flows

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
3. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
4. locator map image, also known as locator map, map image, map (wd:P242 as p/wdt): geographic map image which highlights the location of the subject within some larger entity, image
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. continent (wd:P30 as p/wdt): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. museum-digital place ID (wd:P9957 as p/wdt): identifier for a place in museum-digital's md:term vocabulary
9. elevation above sea level, also known as MAMSL, MASL, height, elevation above mean sea level, elevation (wd:P2044 as p/wdt): height of the item (geographical object) as measured relative to sea level
10. mouth of the watercourse, also known as flows into, watercourse outflow, watercourse ends in, watercourse drain, tributary of (wd:P403 as p/wdt): the body of water to which the watercourse drains

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. located in or next to body of water, also known as located on body of water, ocean, on bay, next to lake, on coast of (wd:P206 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): body of water on or next to which a place is located, location
2. tributary, also known as has inflow of, affluent, receives tributary, receives river, has river inflow (wd:P974 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): watercourse that flows into an other one (for lake inflows use P200)
3. inflows, also known as inflow, lake inflow, river inflows (wd:P200 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): major inflow sources — rivers, aquifers, glacial runoff, etc. Some terms may not be place names, e.g. none
4. origin of the watercourse, also known as headwaters, water source, water origin, water body origin, stream source (wd:P885 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main source of a river, stream or lake
5. mouth of the watercourse, also known as flows into, watercourse outflow, watercourse ends in, watercourse drain, tributary of (wd:P403 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the body of water to which the watercourse drains
6. lake on watercourse, also known as reservoir on this river, lakes on river, lake on stream, lake on river, lake on this river (wd:P469 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): lake or reservoir through which the river or stream flows
7. next crossing downstream, also known as downstream crossing adjacent (wd:P2674 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): next crossing of this river, canal, etc. downstream of this subject, followed by
8. tributary orientation, also known as orientation of tributary (wd:P3871 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specify if the stream confluence is a left bank or right bank tributary
9. route map, also known as schema, street map, railway map, subway map, transit map (wd:P15 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): image of route map at Wikimedia Commons, locator map image
10. distance from river mouth, also known as river kilometer, river mile, river kilometre (wd:P2148 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier for P974 statements on streams, length

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 315 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                 | property                                       | object                 |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Bamako (wd:Q3703)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Niamey (wd:Q3674)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Tillabéri (wd:Q1011866) | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Gaya (wd:Q766896)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Say (wd:Q1003576)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Ayérou (wd:Q793407)     | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Kouré (wd:Q956125)      | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Youri (wd:Q2543792)     | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Kollo (wd:Q987243)      | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Sambéra (wd:Q1785679)   | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| ...                     | ...                                            | ...                    |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                 | property          | object                               |
| --------------------------------------- | ----------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| AllSides ID (wd:P10006)                 | country (wdt:P17) | United States (wd:Q30)               |
| TEİS ID (wd:P10698)                     | country (wdt:P17) | Turkey (wd:Q43)                      |
| StopGame ID (wd:P10030)                 | country (wdt:P17) | Russia (wd:Q159)                     |
| Famitsu game ID (wd:P10144)             | country (wdt:P17) | Japan (wd:Q17)                       |
| IRIS GSSI author ID (wd:P10009)         | country (wdt:P17) | Italy (wd:Q38)                       |
| Remontees-mecaniques.net ID (wd:P10005) | country (wdt:P17) | France (wd:Q142)                     |
| Castforward ID (wd:P10060)              | country (wdt:P17) | Germany (wd:Q183)                    |
| SEKO ID (wd:P10063)                     | country (wdt:P17) | Finland (wd:Q33)                     |
| wd:L1370113                             | country (wdt:P17) | India (wd:Q668)                      |
| Baidu Scholar journal ID (wd:P10061)    | country (wdt:P17) | People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) |
| ...                                     | ...               | ...                                  |

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                       | property                                                    | object             |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Florence–Rome high-speed railway (wd:Q1001643)                | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Italy (wd:Q38)     |
| Cameliard (wd:Q100726345)                                     | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | France (wd:Q142)   |
| clinical trials in India (wd:Q100699183)                      | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | India (wd:Q668)    |
| Haines Junction (wd:Q1001810)                                 | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Canada (wd:Q16)    |
| Social War of 220-217 BCE (wd:Q1006077)                       | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Greece (wd:Q41)    |
| Fars Province (wd:Q1004666)                                   | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Iran (wd:Q794)     |
| wd:Q100501093                                                 | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Paris (wd:Q90)     |
| Gabrovo (wd:Q1007272)                                         | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Bulgaria (wd:Q219) |
| cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – men's BMX (wd:Q1005298) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | London (wd:Q84)    |
| Georgians (wd:Q100789867)                                     | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Georgia (wd:Q230)  |
| ...                                                           | ...                                                         | ...                |

[Tool]
Got 315 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                 | property                                       | object                 |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
| Bamako (wd:Q3703)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Niamey (wd:Q3674)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Tillabéri (wd:Q1011866) | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Gaya (wd:Q766896)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Say (wd:Q1003576)       | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Ayérou (wd:Q793407)     | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Kouré (wd:Q956125)      | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Youri (wd:Q2543792)     | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Kollo (wd:Q987243)      | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| Sambéra (wd:Q1785679)   | located in or next to body of water (wdt:P206) | Niger River (wd:Q3542) |
| ...                     | ...                                            | ...                    |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 1 column:
| country                |
| ---------------------- |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)       |
| Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| country                |
| ---------------------- |
| Guinea (wd:Q1006)      |
| Ivory Coast (wd:Q1008) |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)       |
| Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| ...                    |
| Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Benin (wd:Q962)        |
| Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 1 column:
| country                |
| ---------------------- |
| Cameroon (wd:Q1009)    |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)       |
| Nigeria (wd:Q1033)     |
| Algeria (wd:Q262)      |
| Chad (wd:Q657)         |
| Mali (wd:Q912)         |
| Burkina Faso (wd:Q965) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=retry):
The current SPARQL query is incorrect and does not accurately answer the question. The query attempts to find countries that are both in the Sahel and through which the Niger River flows by intersecting countries related to the Sahel (wd:Q66065) and countries related to places located on the Niger River (wd:Q3542). However, the use of ?place wdt:P206 wd:Q3542 and ?place wdt:P17 ?country does not guarantee that ?country is a Sahel country through which the Niger River actually flows. Additionally, the result includes countries like Algeria, Chad, and Burkina Faso, which the Niger River does not flow through. The query should instead directly check for countries that are both traversed by the Niger River and are part of the Sahel region, possibly by using properties such as 'located in the administrative territorial entity' for the river and 'part of' for the Sahel region. Please rework the query to accurately reflect the intersection of Sahel countries and countries traversed by the Niger River.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the detailed feedback. You are correct: the previous approach was too indirect and included false positives. To refine the query, I need to:

1. Find countries that the Niger River directly traverses. The best properties for this are:
   - "basin country" (P205)
   - "located in the administrative territorial entity" (P131) for river segments or relevant features
   - "country" (P17) for river segments (not the river as a whole)
2. Intersect these with the set of Sahel countries (wd:Q66065 wdt:P17 ?country).

Let me check if the "basin country" (P205) property on the Niger River provides a more accurate list of traversed countries.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                | property                 | object            |
| ---------------------- | ------------------------ | ----------------- |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | basin country (wdt:P205) | Guinea (wd:Q1006) |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                | property          | object             |
| ---------------------- | ----------------- | ------------------ |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Nigeria (wd:Q1033) |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Mali (wd:Q912)     |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Benin (wd:Q962)    |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Niger (wd:Q1032)   |
| Niger River (wd:Q3542) | country (wdt:P17) | Guinea (wd:Q1006)  |

[Tool]
Got 3 rows and 1 column:
| country            |
| ------------------ |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)   |
| Nigeria (wd:Q1033) |
| Mali (wd:Q912)     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?work ( SAMPLE( ?workLabel ) AS ?label ) WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P161 wd:Q207598 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER ( lang( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?work

Got 45 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                | label                                      |
| --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Hot Seat (wd:Q112665799)                            | Hot Seat (en)                              |
| Darkness of Man (wd:Q116976558)                     | Darkness of Man (en)                       |
| The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon (wd:Q1170683) | The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon (en) |
| Beverly Hills, 90210 (wd:Q117590)                   | Beverly Hills, 90210 (en)                  |
| Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty (wd:Q1254572)      | Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty (en)      |
| ...                                                 | ...                                        |
| North Shore (wd:Q674233)                            | North Shore (en)                           |
| Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (wd:Q832190)         | Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (en)        |
| Christmas Caper (wd:Q848836)                        | Christmas Caper (en)                       |
| Burning Palms (wd:Q874932)                          | Burning Palms (en)                         |
| Night Shift (wd:Q997228)                            | Night Shift (en)                           |

Shannen Doherty has acted in works such as 'Beverly Hills, 90210', 'Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back', 'Hot Seat', 'Darkness of Man', 'The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon', 'Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty', 'North Shore', 'Christmas Caper', 'Burning Palms', 'Night Shift', and more. The full list is available in the query results.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what has shannen doherty played in?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for works (movies, TV shows, etc.) that Shannen Doherty has acted in.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for Shannen Doherty in Wikidata.
3. Then, I need to find the property that links a person to works they have acted in (likely "cast member", "actor", or similar).
4. Finally, I will construct a SPARQL query to list the works (with their IRIs) that Shannen Doherty has acted in.

Let's start by searching for the entity "Shannen Doherty" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Shannen Doherty, also known as Shannen Maria Doherty (wd:Q207598): American actress (1971–2024), television producer, television actor, autobiographer, stage actor, film actor, director
2. Shannen Doherty/Cypress Hill, also known as Saturday Night Live, season 19 episode 2 (wd:Q110713281): episode of Saturday Night Live (S19 E2)
3. Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty (wd:Q1254572): American reality television series
4. William Doherty, also known as Doherty (wd:Q3568555): American entomologist (1857–1901), lepidopterist, zoologist
5. Doherty (wd:Q21502096): family name
6. Dougherty, also known as Doherty (wd:Q19597014): Apple cultivar
7. Doherty (wd:Q48804147): place in Ontario, Canada
8. Doherty (wd:Q105797558): male given name
9. Doherty (wd:Q115263223): geographic township in Ontario, Canada
10. Doherty (wd:Q29167373): lieu-dit in Bristol, Quebec, Canada

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Shannen Doherty is wd:Q207598.

Next, I need to find the property that links an actor to the works they have acted in. This is usually something like "cast member" or "actor". I will search for properties related to "acted in" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as p/wdt): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. filmography, also known as list of films with the person, list of films the person contributed to, list of films about the person (wd:P1283 as p/wdt): item for the list of films a person has contributed to. Don't us...mber" (P161) on items for films, directors with "director" (P57), list of works
5. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as p/wdt): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
6. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
7. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
8. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
9. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as p/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
10. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as p/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties from the search are:

- "notable role" (wd:P10606): role in a work that a performer is particularly known for.
- "filmography" (wd:P1283): item for the list of films a person has contributed to.
- "notable work" (wd:P800): notable work among subject's works.

However, these may not list all works the person has acted in, just the notable ones or a list page. The more general property for linking an actor to a work is usually "cast member" (P161) or "actor" (P161). To be sure, I will search for the property "cast member" to see if it is used for actors in works, or if there is a more direct property from person to work.

Let me search for properties related to "cast member".

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
2. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
5. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
6. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
7. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
8. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
9. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
10. film crew member (wd:P3092 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): member of the crew creating an audiovisual work, used for miscel... available: notably for cast member (P161), director (P57), etc., significant person

[Assistant]
The property "cast member" (wdt:P161) is used to link a work (film, TV show, etc.) to an actor. That means, to find all works Shannen Doherty has acted in, I need to find all items where Shannen Doherty (wd:Q207598) is the object of the "cast member" property.

So, the query should look for all works (?work) where ?work wdt:P161 wd:Q207598.

To make the result more informative, I can also optionally include the label of the work.

Let's construct and execute this SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Got 45 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| work                                                | label                                      |
| --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| Hot Seat (wd:Q112665799)                            | Hot Seat (en)                              |
| Darkness of Man (wd:Q116976558)                     | Darkness of Man (en)                       |
| The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon (wd:Q1170683) | The Lost Treasure of the Grand Canyon (en) |
| Beverly Hills, 90210 (wd:Q117590)                   | Beverly Hills, 90210 (en)                  |
| Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty (wd:Q1254572)      | Breaking Up with Shannen Doherty (en)      |
| ...                                                 | ...                                        |
| North Shore (wd:Q674233)                            | North Shore (en)                           |
| Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (wd:Q832190)         | Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back (en)        |
| Christmas Caper (wd:Q848836)                        | Christmas Caper (en)                       |
| Burning Palms (wd:Q874932)                          | Burning Palms (en)                         |
| Night Shift (wd:Q997228)                            | Night Shift (en)                           |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all works in which Shannen Doherty has acted, returning the IRIs of the works as required. Labels are included optionally, and the answer accurately summarizes the results. The query uses the appropriate property (wdt:P161) for cast member and the correct entity for Shannen Doherty. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?government WHERE {
  wd:Q796 wdt:P122 ?government .
}

Got 2 rows and 1 column:
| government                    |
| ----------------------------- |
| federation (wd:Q43702)        |
| federal republic (wd:Q512187) |

Iraq currently has a federal republic form of government (wd:Q512187) and is also classified as a federation (wd:Q43702).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what type of government does iraq have now?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know the current type of government in Iraq.
2. We need to identify the entity for "Iraq" and the property for "type of government" or "form of government."
3. We should ensure we get the most recent or current government type.

First, I'll search for the entity "Iraq" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Iraq, also known as iq, IRQ, Republic of Iraq (wd:Q796): sovereign state in Western Asia
2. Iraqi Air Force, also known as Air Forces, IQAF, Iraq (wd:Q2443729): aerial warfare branch of Iraq's armed forces
3. 'Iraq (wd:Q20299548): village in Mustaba District, Yemen
4. 'Iraq (1977), also known as Iraq (wd:Q27716130): journal; A Kurdish newspaper
5. Iraq. (wd:Q46390136): scientific article
6. Iraq (wd:Q15761734): cultural studies journal
7. [Iraq] (wd:Q78280319): scientific article published on 01 May 1996
8. Iraq (wd:L662583-S1)
9. Iraq (wd:L590656-S1)
10. Iraq (wd:L254241-F1)

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for Iraq as a country is wd:Q796.

Next, I need to find the property in Wikidata that represents "type of government" or "form of government." I'll search for properties related to "government."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. basic form of government, also known as form of government, government, type of government (wd:P122 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject's government
2. head of government, also known as head of national government, mayor, premier, president, prime minister (wd:P6 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): head of the executive power of this town, city, municipality, state, country, or other governmental body, director / manager, chairperson
3. capital, also known as administrative seat, seat of government, seat, principal place, location of capital (wd:P36 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): seat of government of a country, province, state or other type of administrative territorial entity
4. office held by head of government, also known as title of head of government, position of head of government, office of head of government, head of government's office, position held by head of government (wd:P1313 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): political office that is fulfilled by the head of the government of this item
5. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
6. authority, also known as executive authority, governed by, governing authority, governing body, has authority (wd:P797 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): entity having executive power on given entity
7. legislative body, also known as aboriginal council, Zila, Tehsil, rural council, representative body (wd:P194 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): legislative body governing this entity; political institution wi...ted representatives, such as a parliament/legislature or council
8. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): persons who hold and/or held the position
9. maintained by, also known as custodian, maintenance, maintainer, held by, administrator (wd:P126 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization in charge of keeping the subject (for instance an infrastructure) in functioning order
10. successful candidate, also known as election winner, winning candidate, winner of election, election won by, elected (wd:P991 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person(s) or political organization(s) elected after the election, candidate, winner

[Assistant]
The most relevant property for "type of government" is "basic form of government" (wd:P122).

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to get the current form of government for Iraq (wd:Q796) using the property "basic form of government" (wdt:P122). I will also try to get the label for the government type for better readability, but will keep it optional as per instructions.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| government                    | governmentLabel       |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| federation (wd:Q43702)        | federation (en)       |
| federal republic (wd:Q512187) | federal republic (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the current types of government for Iraq by querying the 'form of government' (wdt:P122) property for the entity Iraq (wd:Q796). The result includes the relevant IRIs for both 'federal republic' and 'federation', which matches the expected answer. The query does not include unnecessary labels, and the answer is accurate and complete. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?placeOfBirth ?placeOfBirthLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q218718 wdt:P19 ?placeOfBirth .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?placeOfBirth rdfs:label ?placeOfBirthLabel .
    FILTER ( lang( ?placeOfBirthLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}

Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth              | placeOfBirthLabel |
| ------------------------- | ----------------- |
| New Rochelle (wd:Q744948) | New Rochelle (en) |

Jay Leno is from New Rochelle (wd:Q744948).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where is jay leno from?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "Jay Leno".
2. The property implied is "place of birth" or "from".

First, I will search for the entity "Jay Leno" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Jay Leno, also known as James Leno, Jay Douglas Muir Leno, James Douglas Muir Leno (wd:Q218718): American television host and comedian (born 1950), television presenter, television producer, stand-up comedian, television actor, screenwriter, voice actor, journalist, YouTuber, comedian, writer, dancer, singer, actor
2. Jay Leno Monologue (wd:Q110056887): sketch from Saturday Night Live
3. Jay Leno's Garage (wd:Q20657049): television series
4. The Jay Leno Show (wd:Q3040985): short-lived American late-night talk show
5. Jay Leno: LA Riots (wd:Q110055579): sketch from Saturday Night Live
6. JRE #692 - Jay Leno, also known as #692 - Jay Leno, The Joe Rogan Experience #692 - Jay Leno (wd:Q109305884): episode of the Joe Rogan Experience
7. Jay Leno/The Neville Brothers, also known as Saturday Night Live S11E11, Saturday Night Live, season 11 episode 11 (wd:Q110035206): episode of Saturday Night Live (S11 E11)
8. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (wd:Q3107406): American talk show hosted by Jay Leno (1992–2009 and 2010–2014)
9. J, also known as ᴊ, Juliett, Juliet, j, jay (wd:Q9773): 10th-17th letter of Latin alphabets
10. Eurasian Jay, also known as Garrulus glandarius, Jay, European Jay (wd:Q25354): species of bird

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for "Jay Leno" is wd:Q218718.

Next, I need to find the property for "place of birth" or "from". I will search for properties related to "place of birth" for Jay Leno.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as p/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
5. instrument, also known as uses this instrument, teaches instrument, instruments, plays this instrument, plays instrument (wd:P1303 as p/wdt): musical instrument that a person plays or teaches or used in a music occupation, uses
6. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
7. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
8. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
9. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as p/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed
10. name in native language, also known as native name (wd:P1559 as p/wdt): name of a person in their native language, name

No other items found

[Assistant]
The property for "place of birth" is wd:P19.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the place of birth for Jay Leno (wd:Q218718) using the property "place of birth" (wdt:P19). I will also try to get the label for the place, if available.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| placeOfBirth              | placeOfBirthLabel |
| ------------------------- | ----------------- |
| New Rochelle (wd:Q744948) | New Rochelle (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves Jay Leno's place of birth by using his Wikidata entity (wd:Q218718) and the property 'place of birth' (wdt:P19). The query also optionally retrieves the English label for the place. The answer matches the query result, and the query returns the IRI as required. No further refinement is necessary.