PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end WHERE {
  ?person p:P39 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P39 wd:Q17989863 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P580 ?start .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?end .
  }
  FILTER ( ( ! BOUND( ?start ) || ?start <= "2011-12-31" ^^ xsd:date ) && ( ! BOUND( ?end ) || ?end >= "2011-01-01" ^^ xsd:date ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?start
LIMIT 10

Ted Strickland was governor of Ohio until January 10, 2011, and John Kasich was governor from January 10, 2011, onward. Therefore, John Kasich was the governor of Ohio for most of 2011.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who is governor of ohio 2011?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know who was the governor of Ohio in 2011.
2. We need to identify the entity for "Ohio", the property for "position held" or "office held", and the property for "start time" and "end time" to filter for the year 2011.
3. We also need to identify the entity for "Governor of Ohio".

First, I'll search for the entity "Governor of Ohio".

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Governor of Ohio, also known as Governor of the State of Ohio, Ohio Governor (wd:Q17989863): head of state and of government of the U.S. state of Ohio
2. Lieutenant Governor of Ohio, also known as Ohio Lieutenant Governor (wd:Q1660669): political office in Ohio, USA
3. Cabinet of the Governor of Ohio (wd:Q5015582)
4. Allen, William (governor of Ohio) (wd:Q115677191): article in The Biographical Dictionary of America
5. family of the Governor of Ohio, also known as First Family of Ohio (wd:Q111903237)
6. Ohio State Office of the Governor (wd:Q33121995): government organization in Columbus, United States
7. Portrait of William Bebb, Governor of Ohio (wd:Q131839779)
8. Portrait of Charles Anderson (governor), Governor of Ohio (wd:Q125555578): painting by Charles T. Webber
9. Portrait of Mordecai Bartley, Governor of Ohio (wd:Q131402143): painting by Richard T. Clarke (1820-1885)
10. Doctor Edward Tiffin, first governor of Ohio. (wd:Q52529336): scientific article published in September 1947

[Assistant]
The entity for "Governor of Ohio" is wd:Q17989863.

Next, I will search for the property related to "position held" or "office held" to find people who have held this position.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office
2. position holder, also known as incumbent, noble title holder, office holder, position held by (wd:P1308 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): persons who hold and/or held the position
3. position played on team / speciality, also known as position (on team), speciality, specialism, position, player position (wd:P413 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): position or specialism of a player on a team
4. expression, gesture or body pose, also known as action, expression, facial expression, gesture, movement (wd:P6022 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier on "depicts" (P180) for human position of an individual in an artwork
5. ranking, also known as peak position, place, placing, position, rank (wd:P1352 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject's ordinal position as qualitatively evaluated relative to other members of a group
6. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
7. term length of position, also known as term length, time in position, term of position, position term, length of term (wd:P2097 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): length of time in years (unit: Q577) a person (usually a politician) is to serve in a particular position. Do not add bounds., duration
8. office contested, also known as contested office, contested position, position contested (wd:P541 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): title of office which election will determine the next holder of
9. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): position of the head of this item
10. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object

[Assistant]
The property "position held" is wd:P39. This is the correct property to use to find people who have held the position of Governor of Ohio.

Now, I need to filter for people who held this position during the year 2011. For this, I need to find the properties for "start time" and "end time" qualifiers. I'll search for "start time" property next.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. start time, also known as start date, since, valid, join time, joined (wd:P580 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid, point in time
2. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
3. work period (start), also known as start working, flourished (start), start time for work, start date of activity, fl. (start) (wd:P2031 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): start of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, start time, floruit
4. earliest date, also known as no earlier than, terminus post quem, start date (earliest), on or after this date, minimum date (wd:P1319 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): earliest date at which an event could have happened. Use as qualifier for other date properties
5. UTC date of spacecraft launch, also known as time of spacecraft launch, spacecraft launch time, spacecraft launch date, launch time, launch date (wd:P619 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date of spacecraft launch in UTC
6. refine date, also known as date refinement, exact time, hour, local time, quarter (wd:P4241 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier to narrow down the precision of a date not fully specified by the Wikidata time datatype precision field
7. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
8. genomic start, also known as start coordinate, genomic from, Genloc From, from, Genloc Start (wd:P644 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): genomic starting coordinate of the biological sequence (e.g. a gene)
9. start point, also known as start location, launch pad, launch site, starting place, starting point (wd:P1427 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): starting place of this journey, flight, voyage, trek, migration etc., source of transfer, location
10. opening time, also known as hour opens, opens at, opening hour, open hour (wd:P8626 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time when an establishment or attraction opens, qualifier for P3025

[Assistant] The property for "start time" is wd:P580. Now, I will search for the property for "end time" to know when the term ended.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. end time, also known as ends, stop time, endtime, fall date, ineffective (wd:P582 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true, point in time
2. end period, also known as until period (wd:P3416 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): last period in which the statement is still valid (including the period-value)
3. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
4. work period (end), also known as floruit end, floruit (end of work), flourished (end), retirement, work ends (wd:P2032 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): end of period during which a person or group flourished (fl. = "floruit") in their professional activity, end time, floruit
5. destination of transfer, also known as recipient, to, target, receiver, end point (wd:P12694 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): entity that a transferred item comes to be associated with as a result of this process
6. terminus, also known as end point, terminating connection, termini, terminuses, trailhead (wd:P559 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the feature (intersecting road, train station, etc.) at the end of a linear feature
7. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
8. end cause, also known as cause of ending, ended by, end has cause, end reason, reason for end (wd:P1534 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier used together with the end date qualifier (P582) to specify the reason for the end
9. point in time, also known as at time, as of, year, when, time of event (wd:P585 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241)
10. last line, also known as closing line, ending, excipit, final line, final sentence (wd:P3132 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): last line (excipit) of a poem, last sentence of a novel, etc.

[Assistant]
The property for "end time" is wd:P582.

Now, I will construct a SPARQL query to find the person who held the position of "Governor of Ohio" (wd:Q17989863) in 2011. The query will check for people whose term includes the year 2011 (i.e., start time is before or in 2011, and end time is after or in 2011, or end time is not specified).

I'll include optional labels for the person.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 2 columns:
| person                      | personLabel         |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- |
| Ted Strickland (wd:Q465295) | Ted Strickland (en) |
| John Kasich (wd:Q69319)     | John Kasich (en)    |

[Assistant]
The query found two people associated with the office of Governor of Ohio in 2011: Ted Strickland (wd:Q465295) and John Kasich (wd:Q69319). This is likely because one term ended and another began in 2011.

To clarify who was governor during most of 2011, I should check the exact start and end dates for their terms. I'll refine the query to include the start and end times for each.

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 4 columns:
| person                      | personLabel         | start                               | end                                 |
| --------------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Ted Strickland (wd:Q465295) | Ted Strickland (en) | 2007-01-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2011-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| John Kasich (wd:Q69319)     | John Kasich (en)    | 2011-01-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2019-01-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query is correct and follows all the required rules. It retrieves the IRIs of the persons who held the position of Governor of Ohio during 2011, along with their labels and the start and end dates of their terms. The answer provided is accurate and matches the query results. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P674 wd:Q694790 .
  {
    ?work p:P161 ?statement .
    ?statement ps:P161 ?actor .
    ?statement pq:P453 wd:Q694790 .
  } UNION {
    ?work p:P725 ?statement2 .
    ?statement2 ps:P725 ?actor .
    ?statement2 pq:P453 wd:Q694790 .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?actorLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?workLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?actorLabel

The refined query, which requires the 'character role' (P453) qualifier to be Lex Luthor, returns only Rainn Wilson for "Batman: Hush". This suggests that, in Wikidata, the use of the P453 qualifier is very sparse and not present for most well-known portrayals of Lex Luthor (e.g., Gene Hackman, Kevin Spacey, Jesse Eisenberg, Michael Rosenbaum, etc.).

Therefore, while this query is correct and precise, it is limited by the current state of Wikidata data modeling. Most actor-to-character links for Lex Luthor are not explicitly modeled with the P453 qualifier.

Here is the query for reference, and an explanation of the limitation:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P674 wd:Q694790.
  {
    ?work p:P161 ?statement.
    ?statement ps:P161 ?actor.
    ?statement pq:P453 wd:Q694790.
  }
  UNION
  {
    ?work p:P725 ?statement2.
    ?statement2 ps:P725 ?actor.
    ?statement2 pq:P453 wd:Q694790.
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel FILTER (LANG(?actorLabel) = "en") }
  OPTIONAL { ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER (LANG(?workLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY ?actorLabel
```

This query will return all actors and voice actors who are explicitly linked to Lex Luthor via the character role qualifier. However, due to sparse data, only Rainn Wilson is currently returned.

If you would like, I can attempt a broader query that tries to infer the role by matching the actor to statements where the character played is Lex Luthor, even if not using P453, but this may require more advanced or less direct modeling patterns. Would you like to proceed with that approach?

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] who has played lex luthor?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user wants to know which actors have played the character "Lex Luthor".
2. We need to identify the entity for "Lex Luthor" and the property that links a character to the actors who have portrayed them.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Lex Luthor" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor, Alexander Luthor, Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor (wd:Q694790): supervillain appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, chief executive officer, business executive, business magnate, drug trafficker, philanthropist, mass murderer, roboticist, crime boss, superhero, physicist, engineer, inventor, chemist
2. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q110800327): DC Extended Universe character, chief executive officer, business executive, philanthropist, mass murderer, scientist, socialite, terrorist, engineer, criminal
3. Green Skull, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (wd:Q9300166): fictional character in Amalgam Comics
4. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor (wd:Q91371653): fictional character from the television series Supergirl, time traveller, businessperson, politician, terrorist, criminal, inventor
5. Lex Luthor (wd:Q105123177): villain in the film Superman (1978), scientist, criminal, inventor
6. Lex Lutor, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (Smallville) (wd:Q735712): fictional character from the television series Smallville, businessperson, murderer
7. Lex Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q3831418): American investor, criminal, investor
8. Eve Teschmacher, also known as Eve, Lex Luthor's Girlfriend (wd:Q22266383): DC Comics character, secretary
9. Vitor Miranda, also known as Vitor "Lex Luthor" Miranda (wd:Q7937196): mixed martial arts fighter, Brazilian martial artist, Thai boxer, kickboxer
10. Lex Luthor's Presidency (wd:Q18280092)

[Assistant]
There are several entities for "Lex Luthor" in Wikidata, corresponding to different versions and adaptations (comics, movies, TV series, etc.). The main one is wd:Q694790 (the general DC Comics supervillain), but there are also specific ones for adaptations (e.g., the character in "Supergirl", "Smallville", "Superman (1978)", etc.).

To answer "who has played Lex Luthor?", we should focus on the general character (wd:Q694790) and also consider that portrayals may be linked to specific adaptations. Let's first check which properties are used to link a character like Lex Luthor to the actors who have portrayed them.

Step 2: Search for properties related to "portrayed by" or "actor" for the entity wd:Q694790.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as p/wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as p/wdt): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
3. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
4. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as p/wdt): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
7. IMDb ID, also known as IMDb identifier, Internet Movie Database identifier (wd:P345 as p): identifier for the IMDb (with prefix 'tt', 'nm', 'co', 'ev', 'ch' or 'ni')
8. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
9. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as p/wdt): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
10. position held, also known as function, held position, holds position, job, office held (wd:P39 as p/wdt): subject currently or formerly holds the object position or public office

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as p/wdt): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
2. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as p/wdt): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
3. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as p/wdt): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
4. derivative work, also known as is source work of, is adapted as, is the basis for, iteration, reboot (wd:P4969 as p/wdt): new work of art (film, book, software, etc.) derived from major part of this work
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as p/wdt): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
7. instance of, also known as unitary element of class, has type, unique individual of, type, item of type (wd:P31 as p/wdt): that class of which this subject is a particular example and mem...is a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform)
8. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
9. from narrative universe, also known as from narrative, in continuity, from universe, in cycle, in world of (wd:P1080 as p/wdt): subject's fictional entity is in the object narrative. See also P1441 (present in work) and P1445 (fictional universe described in), part of
10. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
2. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
3. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
4. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
5. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
6. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
7. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
8. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
9. agents of action have role, also known as actors have role, agent has role, agent of action has role, agents have role, done by agent(s) with role (wd:P12993 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role that agents of this action take on in the context of this action
10. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
It appears that querying directly for actors who played the general "Lex Luthor" entity (wd:Q694790) using properties like "performer" (P175), "cast member" (P161), or "depicted by/portrayed by" (P1299) does not yield results. This suggests that portrayals are likely linked to specific adaptations (e.g., movies, TV series) rather than the general character entity.

Therefore, the best approach is to:
1. Identify notable works (films, TV series, etc.) where Lex Luthor appears.
2. For each work, find the actor who played Lex Luthor.

Let's search for works where Lex Luthor is a character, using the property "present in work" (P1441), and then for each work, find the cast member who played Lex Luthor. First, let's list works where Lex Luthor is present.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
2. personality trait of fictional character, also known as personality trait, personality trait of fictitious character, personal quality of fictional character, fictitious character personality trait, personal quality of fictitious character (wd:P9652 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): particular personality trait which applies to this fictional character
3. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
4. characters, also known as appears in this work (wd:P674 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): characters which appear in this item (like plays, operas, operettas, books, comics, films, TV series, video games)
5. CJKV variant character, also known as simplified character, traditional character, variant character, variant Chinese character, variant ideograph (wd:P5475 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): equivalent form of this CJKV character used in different regions or writing systems over time
6. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
7. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
8. shown with features, also known as depicted with features, features depicted, features shown (wd:P1354 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): secondary features depicted in a work. Use as qualifier for "depicts" (P180)
9. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
10. has characteristic, also known as has quality, inherent property, object has characteristic, parameter, quality (wd:P1552 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): inherent or distinguishing quality or feature of the entity. Use a more specific property when possible

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                     | property              | object                  |
| ------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065)      | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe (wd:Q631367)  | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331)                 | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Superman (wd:Q2530979)                      | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Superman (wd:Q29715)                        | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Superman (wd:Q4353838)                      | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Miracle Monday (wd:Q6872429)                | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |
| Superman: Last Son of Krypton (wd:Q7643785) | characters (wdt:P674) | Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790) |

[Tool]
Got 149 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject              | property                     | object                                |
| -------------------- | ---------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | video game (wd:Q7889)                 |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Superman (en)                         |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | publication date (wdt:P577)  | 1979-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)   |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | country of origin (wdt:P495) | United States (wd:Q30)                |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | genre (wdt:P136)             | action-adventure game (wd:Q343568)    |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | publisher (wdt:P123)         | Atari, Inc. (wd:Q13409231)            |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | platform (wdt:P400)          | Atari 2600 (wd:Q206261)               |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | characters (wdt:P674)        | Superman (wd:Q79015)                  |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | game mode (wdt:P404)         | single-player video game (wd:Q208850) |
| Superman (wd:Q29715) | based on (wdt:P144)          | Superman (wd:Q79015)                  |
| ...                  | ...                          | ...                                   |

[Tool]
Got 992 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                | property                     | object                                                            |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | film (wd:Q11424)                                                  |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en)                                      |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | publication date (wdt:P577)  | 2021-07-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                               |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | published in (wdt:P1433)     | Best of WB 100th: Looney Tunes 10-Film Collection (wd:Q119823848) |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | main subject (wdt:P921)      | basketball (wd:Q5372)                                             |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | Space Jam: A New Legacy                                           |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | country of origin (wdt:P495) | United States (wd:Q30)                                            |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | sport (wdt:P641)             | basketball (wd:Q5372)                                             |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | official website (wdt:P856)  | <https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/space-jam-new-legacy>          |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | genre (wdt:P136)             | comedy film (wd:Q157443)                                          |
| ...                                    | ...                          | ...                                                               |

[Tool]
Got 31 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                | property               | object                          |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------- |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Ingrid Bergman (wd:Q43247)      |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | LeBron James (wd:Q36159)        |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Mike Myers (wd:Q185724)         |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Bill Murray (wd:Q29250)         |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Don Cheadle (wd:Q272019)        |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Michael B. Jordan (wd:Q3308007) |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Seth Green (wd:Q186757)         |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Sarah Silverman (wd:Q229013)    |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Klay Thompson (wd:Q29342)       |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | cast member (wdt:P161) | Robert Wagner (wd:Q310493)      |
| ...                                    | ...                    | ...                             |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 992 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                | property                     | object                                                            |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | instance of (wdt:P31)        | film (wd:Q11424)                                                  |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | title (wdt:P1476)            | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en)                                      |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | publication date (wdt:P577)  | 2021-07-14T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                               |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | published in (wdt:P1433)     | Best of WB 100th: Looney Tunes 10-Film Collection (wd:Q119823848) |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | main subject (wdt:P921)      | basketball (wd:Q5372)                                             |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Commons category (wdt:P373)  | Space Jam: A New Legacy                                           |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | country of origin (wdt:P495) | United States (wd:Q30)                                            |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | sport (wdt:P641)             | basketball (wd:Q5372)                                             |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | official website (wdt:P856)  | <https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/space-jam-new-legacy>          |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | genre (wdt:P136)             | comedy film (wd:Q157443)                                          |
| ...                                    | ...                          | ...                                                               |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                | property               | object                         |
| -------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | LeBron James (wd:Q36159)       |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Zendaya (wd:Q189489)           |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Don Cheadle (wd:Q272019)       |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Klay Thompson (wd:Q29342)      |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Rosario Dawson (wd:Q228692)    |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Anthony Davis (wd:Q317008)     |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Jim Cummings (wd:Q310292)      |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Damian Lillard (wd:Q622308)    |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Gabriel Iglesias (wd:Q2738010) |
| Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Diana Taurasi (wd:Q240726)     |
| ...                                    | ...                    | ...                            |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 16 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property               | object                         |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Jennifer Morrison (wd:Q199929) |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Rebecca Romijn (wd:Q202792)    |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Vanessa Williams (wd:Q202801)  |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Tara Strong (wd:Q4029)         |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Rainn Wilson (wd:Q349548)      |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Jerry O'Connell (wd:Q378672)   |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Peyton List (wd:Q264391)       |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Jason O'Mara (wd:Q127113)      |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Sean Maher (wd:Q1334788)       |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Geoffrey Arend (wd:Q3195)      |
| ...                         | ...                    | ...                            |

[Tool]
Got 248 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                                        | object                              |
| --------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | instance of (wdt:P31)                           | animated film (wd:Q202866)          |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | title (wdt:P1476)                               | Batman: Hush (en)                   |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | publication date (wdt:P577)                     | 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | country of origin (wdt:P495)                    | United States (wd:Q30)              |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | genre (wdt:P136)                                | action film (wd:Q188473)            |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | part of the series (wdt:P179)                   | Batman in film (wd:Q2111133)        |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | form of creative work (wdt:P7937)               | feature film (wd:Q24869)            |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | original language of film or TV show (wdt:P364) | English (wd:Q1860)                  |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | distribution format (wdt:P437)                  | video on demand (wd:Q723685)        |
| Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | director (wdt:P57)                              | Justin Copeland (wd:Q106283923)     |
| ...                         | ...                                             | ...                                 |

[Tool]
Got 2 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                    | property               | object                      |
| ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------- | --------------------------- |
| Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe (wd:Q631367) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Richard Epcar (wd:Q4355517) |
| Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe (wd:Q631367) | voice actor (wdt:P725) | Patrick Seitz (wd:Q2490599) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor, Alexander Luthor, Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor (wd:Q694790): supervillain appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, chief executive officer, business executive, business magnate, drug trafficker, philanthropist, mass murderer, roboticist, crime boss, superhero, physicist, engineer, inventor, chemist
2. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q110800327): DC Extended Universe character, chief executive officer, business executive, philanthropist, mass murderer, scientist, socialite, terrorist, engineer, criminal
3. Green Skull, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (wd:Q9300166): fictional character in Amalgam Comics
4. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor (wd:Q91371653): fictional character from the television series Supergirl, time traveller, businessperson, politician, terrorist, criminal, inventor
5. Lex Luthor (wd:Q105123177): villain in the film Superman (1978), scientist, criminal, inventor
6. Jan Leighton, Actor Who Played Everyone, Dies at 87 (wd:Q123708633): The New York Times article (November 28, 2009)
7. Lex Lutor, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (Smallville) (wd:Q735712): fictional character from the television series Smallville, businessperson, murderer
8. Lex Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q3831418): American investor, criminal, investor
9. Charles Napier, Actor Who Played Tough Guys, Dies at 75 (wd:Q123675017): The New York Times article (October 7, 2011)
10. The Man Who Played God, also known as Man Who Played God (wd:Q1749792): 1932 film by John G. Adolfi

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
2. depicted by, also known as acted by, shown in, seen in, portrayed by, played by (wd:P1299 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): object depicting this subject (object being creative works such as books, films, paintings)
3. performer, also known as actor, sung by, singer, recording by, recorded by (wd:P175 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor, musician, band or other performer associated with this role or musical work, contributor to the creative work or subject
4. cast member, also known as feat., starring (film/play), film starring, starring, actor (wd:P161 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): actor in the subject production [use "character role" (P453) and...use "recorded participant" (P11108) for non-fiction productions], significant person, performer
5. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
6. describes actor of (wd:P12027 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): predicate sense whose actor (an agent or a cause—basically the instigator of an action) is denoted by this sense
7. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
8. agent of action, also known as being done by, initiator, initiated by, done by, doer (wd:P12995 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): particular item that initiates this action or class of actions
9. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
10. voice actor, also known as voice actors, voice dubber, voice actress, voice actresses, voiced by (wd:P725 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): performer of a spoken role in a creative work such as animation,... (P453) as qualifier] [use "cast member" (P161) for live acting], film crew member, cast member

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
2. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
3. object of statement has role, also known as has role, value has role, specifically, role, object of statement has role (wd:P3831 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): (qualifier) role or generic identity of the predicate value/argu... the role of the item the statement is on ("subject"), use P2868
4. subject has role, also known as has role, role, subject had role, subject of qualified statement has role, subject of statement has role (wd:P2868 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role/generic identity of the item ("subject") in the context of ...acting roles, use P453 ("character role"). For persons, use P39.
5. reference has role, also known as has role, refrole, source has role (wd:P6184 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role, or specific nature, of the given reference
6. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
7. has use, also known as utility, used in, used for, used as, use (wd:P366 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main use of the subject (includes current and former usage)
8. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): significant or notable events associated with the subject
9. significant person, also known as significant people, sigper, sign. person, relevant person, relevant people (wd:P3342 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person linked to the item in any possible way
10. significant place, also known as sign. place, significant location, significant landmark, place associated with the subject, notable place (wd:P7153 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): significant or notable places associated with the subject, location

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
No entity items found

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Falling back to an unconstrained search on the full precomputed search indices:
Got more than the maximum supported number of object candidates (65,536)

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor, Alexander Luthor, Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor (wd:Q694790): supervillain appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, chief executive officer, business executive, business magnate, drug trafficker, philanthropist, mass murderer, roboticist, crime boss, superhero, physicist, engineer, inventor, chemist
2. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph "Lex" Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q110800327): DC Extended Universe character, chief executive officer, business executive, philanthropist, mass murderer, scientist, socialite, terrorist, engineer, criminal
3. Green Skull, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (wd:Q9300166): fictional character in Amalgam Comics
4. Lex Luthor, also known as Alexander Joseph Luthor (wd:Q91371653): fictional character from the television series Supergirl, time traveller, businessperson, politician, terrorist, criminal, inventor
5. Lex Luthor (wd:Q105123177): villain in the film Superman (1978), scientist, criminal, inventor
6. Lex Lutor, also known as Alexander Luthor, Lex Luthor (Smallville) (wd:Q735712): fictional character from the television series Smallville, businessperson, murderer
7. Lex Luthor, Jr. (wd:Q3831418): American investor, criminal, investor
8. Eve Teschmacher, also known as Eve, Lex Luthor's Girlfriend (wd:Q22266383): DC Comics character, secretary
9. Vitor Miranda, also known as Vitor "Lex Luthor" Miranda (wd:Q7937196): mixed martial arts fighter, Brazilian martial artist, Thai boxer, kickboxer
10. Lex Luthor's Presidency (wd:Q18280092)

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Lex Lang (wd:Q4356087): American voice actor, singer-songwriter, record producer, screenwriter, stage actor, voice actor
2. Lex Quartel (wd:Q23888779): visual artist, sculptor
3. Lexa Doig, also known as Alexandra Lecciones Doig (wd:Q116281): Canadian actress, television actor, film actor, actor
4. Steve Kramer, also known as Drew Lexi Thomas (wd:Q7613084): casting director, television actor, American actor, screenwriter, voice actor, actor

No other items found

No literal items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. character role, also known as role, plays, performer of, as, acting role (wd:P453 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): specific role played or filled by subject -- use only as qualifier of "cast member" (P161), "voice actor" (P725)
2. name of the character role, also known as character named as, role named as, role name, name of the role, name of the character (wd:P4633 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): name by which a character role is recorded in a database or ment...ably a specific performance of a theatrical production of a play, name
3. narrative role (wd:P5800 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): narrative role of this character (should be used as a qualifier with P674 or restricted to a certain work using P10663)
4. present in work, also known as is shown in, in work, in narrative, character in, from work (wd:P1441 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): this (fictional or fictionalized) entity, place, or person appea...r works, P1343 for entities described in non-fictional accounts)
5. notable role, also known as notable character role, notable for character role, notable for role (wd:P10606 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role in a theatrical, motion picture, television, or other work that a performer is particularly known for, notable work
6. object of statement has role, also known as has role, value has role, specifically, role, object of statement has role (wd:P3831 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): (qualifier) role or generic identity of the predicate value/argu... the role of the item the statement is on ("subject"), use P2868
7. has use, also known as utility, used in, used for, used as, use (wd:P366 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main use of the subject (includes current and former usage)
8. subject has role, also known as has role, role, subject had role, subject of qualified statement has role, subject of statement has role (wd:P2868 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): role/generic identity of the item ("subject") in the context of ...acting roles, use P453 ("character role"). For persons, use P39.
9. character type, also known as -dere, stock character, stereotype, dere, character stereotype (wd:P9071 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): generic character type that this fictional character represents, manifestation of
10. characters, also known as appears in this work (wd:P674 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): characters which appear in this item (like plays, operas, operettas, books, comics, films, TV series, video games)

[Tool] Got no rows and 2 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| actor                     |
| ------------------------- |
| Rainn Wilson (wd:Q349548) |

[Tool]
Failed to call function execute:
failed to parse input: parse error at position 239 for token UNION with content 'UNION' (the input most likely does not follow the grammar)

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| actor                     |
| ------------------------- |
| Rainn Wilson (wd:Q349548) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| actor                     |
| ------------------------- |
| Rainn Wilson (wd:Q349548) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is on the right track by looking for both voice actors and live-action actors who played Lex Luthor using the appropriate properties and qualifiers. However, the result only includes Rainn Wilson, who is a voice actor, and misses other well-known actors who have portrayed Lex Luthor in live-action (e.g., Gene Hackman, Kevin Spacey, Jesse Eisenberg, Michael Rosenbaum, etc.). This suggests that the query is either too restrictive or not capturing all relevant works/roles. Please refine the query to ensure it retrieves all actors (both voice and live-action) who have played Lex Luthor, not just one. Consider checking if the use of qualifiers is too strict or if there are alternative modeling patterns in Wikidata for cast/roles.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. The previous query relied on the presence of the character role (P453) qualifier, which may not be consistently used in Wikidata. Many works may simply list cast members or voice actors without specifying the character role as a qualifier. Additionally, some actors may be linked to Lex Luthor via the "notable role" (P10606) property or similar modeling patterns.

Step-by-step plan:
1. Query for all people who have "Lex Luthor" (wd:Q694790) as a notable role (P10606).
2. Query for all cast members (P161) and voice actors (P725) in works where Lex Luthor is a character (P674), without requiring the P453 qualifier.
3. Combine these results to get a more comprehensive list.

Let's start by checking for notable roles.

[Tool] Got no rows and 1 columns

[Assistant]
No actors are linked to Lex Luthor via the "notable role" property (P10606). This means we must focus on works where Lex Luthor is a character and retrieve all cast members and voice actors, even if the character role qualifier is missing.

Next, I will query for all cast members (P161) and voice actors (P725) in works where Lex Luthor is a character (P674), regardless of qualifiers. This should capture both live-action and voice actors.

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                                  |
| -------------------------------------- |
| Cedric Joe (wd:Q108312458)             |
| Stephen Kankole (wd:Q108870678)        |
| Ceyair J. Wright (wd:Q108896735)       |
| Harper Leigh Alexander (wd:Q108896885) |
| Jalyn Hall (wd:Q109565210)             |
| ...                                    |
| Justin Roiland (wd:Q6318075)           |
| Maury Sterling (wd:Q6793987)           |
| Sonequa Martin-Green (wd:Q7560935)     |
| Bob Bergen (wd:Q773512)                |
| Xosha Roquemore (wd:Q8044951)          |

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 1 column, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                                  |
| -------------------------------------- |
| Cedric Joe (wd:Q108312458)             |
| Stephen Kankole (wd:Q108870678)        |
| Ceyair J. Wright (wd:Q108896735)       |
| Harper Leigh Alexander (wd:Q108896885) |
| Jalyn Hall (wd:Q109565210)             |
| ...                                    |
| Justin Roiland (wd:Q6318075)           |
| Maury Sterling (wd:Q6793987)           |
| Sonequa Martin-Green (wd:Q7560935)     |
| Bob Bergen (wd:Q773512)                |
| Xosha Roquemore (wd:Q8044951)          |

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 2 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                         | actorLabel            |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- |
| A'ja Wilson (wd:Q21623331)    | A'ja Wilson (en)      |
| Anthony Davis (wd:Q317008)    | Anthony Davis (en)    |
| Bill Murray (wd:Q29250)       | Bill Murray (en)      |
| Bob Bergen (wd:Q773512)       | Bob Bergen (en)       |
| Bruce Thomas (wd:Q2166986)    | Bruce Thomas (en)     |
| ...                           | ...                   |
| Tara Strong (wd:Q4029)        | Tara Strong (en)      |
| Vanessa Williams (wd:Q202801) | Vanessa Williams (en) |
| Wood Harris (wd:Q1321005)     | Wood Harris (en)      |
| Xosha Roquemore (wd:Q8044951) | Xosha Roquemore (en)  |
| Zendaya (wd:Q189489)          | Zendaya (en)          |

[Tool]
Got 58 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| actor                         | actorLabel            | work                                   | workLabel                    |
| ----------------------------- | --------------------- | -------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| A'ja Wilson (wd:Q21623331)    | A'ja Wilson (en)      | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |
| Anthony Davis (wd:Q317008)    | Anthony Davis (en)    | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |
| Bill Murray (wd:Q29250)       | Bill Murray (en)      | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |
| Bob Bergen (wd:Q773512)       | Bob Bergen (en)       | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |
| Bruce Thomas (wd:Q2166986)    | Bruce Thomas (en)     | Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331)            | Batman: Hush (en)            |
| ...                           | ...                   | ...                                    | ...                          |
| Tara Strong (wd:Q4029)        | Tara Strong (en)      | Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331)            | Batman: Hush (en)            |
| Vanessa Williams (wd:Q202801) | Vanessa Williams (en) | Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331)            | Batman: Hush (en)            |
| Wood Harris (wd:Q1321005)     | Wood Harris (en)      | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |
| Xosha Roquemore (wd:Q8044951) | Xosha Roquemore (en)  | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |
| Zendaya (wd:Q189489)          | Zendaya (en)          | Space Jam: A New Legacy (wd:Q56850065) | Space Jam: A New Legacy (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The query is generally correct in structure and retrieves actors and voice actors from works featuring Lex Luthor. However, it does not ensure that the actor actually played Lex Luthor; it only ensures that the actor is a cast or voice member in a work where Lex Luthor appears. This could include actors who played other characters in those works. To refine the query, you should add a condition that links the actor specifically to the role of Lex Luthor, typically using the 'character role' (P453) qualifier on the cast/voice actor statement, or by matching the character played to Lex Luthor. This will ensure only those who portrayed Lex Luthor are returned.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. You are correct: the previous query retrieves all cast and voice actors from works featuring Lex Luthor, not just those who played Lex Luthor. To refine this, we need to ensure that the actor is specifically linked to the character Lex Luthor, typically via the character role (P453) qualifier on the cast member (P161) or voice actor (P725) statement.

Plan:
- Query for works where Lex Luthor is a character.
- For each cast member (P161) or voice actor (P725) statement, require the P453 qualifier to be Lex Luthor (wd:Q694790).

Let's construct and run this refined query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 4 columns:
| actor                     | actorLabel        | work                        | workLabel         |
| ------------------------- | ----------------- | --------------------------- | ----------------- |
| Rainn Wilson (wd:Q349548) | Rainn Wilson (en) | Batman: Hush (wd:Q63919331) | Batman: Hush (en) |

[Assistant]
The refined query, which requires the 'character role' (P453) qualifier to be Lex Luthor, returns only Rainn Wilson for "Batman: Hush". This suggests that, in Wikidata, the use of the P453 qualifier is very sparse and not present for most well-known portrayals of Lex Luthor (e.g., Gene Hackman, Kevin Spacey, Jesse Eisenberg, Michael Rosenbaum, etc.).

Therefore, while this query is correct and precise, it is limited by the current state of Wikidata data modeling. Most actor-to-character links for Lex Luthor are not explicitly modeled with the P453 qualifier.

Here is the query for reference, and an explanation of the limitation:

```sparql
SELECT DISTINCT ?actor ?actorLabel ?work ?workLabel WHERE {
  ?work wdt:P674 wd:Q694790.
  {
    ?work p:P161 ?statement.
    ?statement ps:P161 ?actor.
    ?statement pq:P453 wd:Q694790.
  }
  UNION
  {
    ?work p:P725 ?statement2.
    ?statement2 ps:P725 ?actor.
    ?statement2 pq:P453 wd:Q694790.
  }
  OPTIONAL { ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel FILTER (LANG(?actorLabel) = "en") }
  OPTIONAL { ?work rdfs:label ?workLabel FILTER (LANG(?workLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY ?actorLabel
```

This query will return all actors and voice actors who are explicitly linked to Lex Luthor via the character role qualifier. However, due to sparse data, only Rainn Wilson is currently returned.

If you would like, I can attempt a broader query that tries to infer the role by matching the actor to statements where the character played is Lex Luthor, even if not using P453, but this may require more advanced or less direct modeling patterns. Would you like to proceed with that approach?


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?town WHERE {
  wd:Q8027 wdt:P20 ?town
}

Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in the town of Memphis (wd:Q16563).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what town was martin luther king assassinated in?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The question asks for the town (city) where Martin Luther King was assassinated.
2. First, I need to identify the entity for Martin Luther King.
3. Then, I need to find the property that links a person to their place of death or assassination.
4. I also need to confirm the event of assassination and its location.

Step 1: Search for the entity "Martin Luther King" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Martin Luther King Sr., also known as Martin Luther King (wd:Q2603376): American baptist pastor (1899–1984), Christian minister
2. Martin Luther King (wd:Q123135762): Indian Telugu-language political satire film directed by Puja Kolluru
3. Martin Luther King (wd:Q124695769): painting by Alexey Akindinov
4. Martin Luther King (wd:Q126859789): written work by Mario Escobar
5. Martin Luther King (wd:Q126859837): 2006 edition of written work by Mario Escobar
6. Martin Luther King (wd:Q127414862): railway underpass in Helmond, the Netherlands
7. Martin Luther King (wd:Q19338319): street in Culemborg, the Netherlands
8. Martin Luther King (wd:Q52755150): primary school in Pistoia, Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
9. Martin Luther King (wd:Q52782068): primary school in Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
10. Martin Luther King (wd:Q52801085): primary school in Cesano Maderno, Monza and Brianza, Lombardy, Italy

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Martin Luther King Jr. (wd:Q8027): American Baptist minister and civil rights leader (1929–1968), human rights activist, civil rights advocate, opinion journalist, peace activist, politician, preacher, pacifist, writer, pastor
2. Martin Luther King Jr. (wd:Q16974341): station on the Crenshaw Line, currently under construction
3. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q6776048): sculpture by John Woodrow Wilson
4. Martin Luther King Jr. (wd:Q39073111): Outdoor bronze sculpture depicting the American civil rights leader  installed on the University of Texas at Austin campus.
5. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q111842410): sculpture by artist unknown
6. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q116445650): print at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MET, 2022.102)
7. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q47509396): painting by Robert Vickrey
8. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q47511447): painting by Boris Chaliapin
9. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q63570975): technical material in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 59039)
10. Martin Luther King, Jr. (wd:Q65577725): print in the National Gallery of Art (NGA 59040)

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. killed by, also known as slaughtered by, slain by, shot dead by, murderer, murdered by (wd:P157 as p/wdt): person or organization who killed the subject, significant person
2. cause of death, also known as death cause, murder method, method of murder, die of, die from (wd:P509 as p/wdt): underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause (e.g. ...adest category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide
3. place of death, also known as POD, location of death, killed in, deathplace, died in (wd:P20 as p/wdt): most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or hospital i... city) death location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
4. manner of death, also known as type of death, nature of death, death manner, death type, circumstance of death (wd:P1196 as p/wdt): general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural causes, ...ysiological mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc.
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. date of death, also known as DOD, deathdate, died, died on, year of death (wd:P570 as p/wdt): dissolved, abolished or demolished date, date on which the subject died, end time
7. significant event, also known as significant occurrence, significant incident, significant achievment, sign. event, outcome (wd:P793 as p/wdt): significant or notable events associated with the subject
8. place of burial, also known as interment, interment location, interment place, interred at, location of burial (wd:P119 as p/wdt): location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc. ...veral places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately., location
9. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
10. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception

No other items found

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject                           | property                 | object              |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------- |
| Martin Luther King Jr. (wd:Q8027) | place of death (wdt:P20) | Memphis (wd:Q16563) |

[Tool]
Got 784 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| ------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | county seat (wd:Q62049)                                                                       |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | United States (wd:Q30)                                                                        |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Shelby County (wd:Q501602)                                                                    |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(-89.971111 35.117500) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                  |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Memphis, Tennessee                                                                            |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Memphis%20skyline%20from%20the%20air.jpg> |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | population (wdt:P1082)                                      | 633104 (xsd:decimal)                                                                          |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | inception (wdt:P571)                                        | 1819-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                           |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                             | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358)                                      |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | official website (wdt:P856)                                 | <https://www.memphistn.gov/>                                                                  |
| ...                 | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| town                |
| ------------------- |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| town                | townLabel    |
| ------------------- | ------------ |
| Memphis (wd:Q16563) | Memphis (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the place of death (wdt:P20) for Martin Luther King Jr. (wd:Q8027), which is Memphis (wd:Q16563). The answer matches the expected result, and the query returns the correct IRI. No further refinement is necessary.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?continent ?coordinate WHERE {
  wd:Q6583 wdt:P17 ?country .
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q6583 wdt:P30 ?continent .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q6583 wdt:P625 ?coordinate .
  }
}

The Sahara Desert is located in the following countries: Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Mali, and Tunisia. It is on the continent of Africa (wd:Q15). Its approximate coordinates are POINT(12.612222 23.079722).

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where are the sahara desert located?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The main entity is "Sahara Desert".
2. The property of interest is its "location" or "located in".

First, I will search for the entity "Sahara Desert" in Wikidata to get its identifier.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Sahara, also known as the Desart, Zara, Zahara, Zaara, The Sahara (wd:Q6583): desert on the African continent
2. Sahara Desert (wd:Q3889421): ecoregion
3. Sahara (Desert) (wd:Q104765650): painting by Jan Ciągliński (MNK MNK II-b-422)
4. Sahara (Desert) (wd:Q104765639): painting by Jan Ciągliński (MNK MNK II-b-419)
5. Sahara (Desert) (wd:Q104765619): painting by Jan Ciągliński (MNK MNK II-b-426)
6. Sahara (Desert) (wd:Q104765585): painting by Jan Ciągliński
7. Sahara desert (wd:L643007-S1)
8. Sahara desert (wd:L300591-S1)
9. Sahara Desert (wd:L1411251-S1)
10. Cataglyphis bicolor, also known as Sahara desert ant (wd:Q1717126): species of insect

[Assistant]
The most relevant entity for the Sahara Desert as a geographic desert is wd:Q6583.

Next, I need to find the property that represents "location" or "located in" for this entity. I will search for properties related to "location" for wd:Q6583.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. coordinate location, also known as point on a map, gps coordinates, gps location, latitude, location (wd:P625 as p/wdt): geocoordinates of the subject. For Earth, please note that only WGS84 coordinating system is supported at the moment
2. located in the administrative territorial entity, also known as is in the settlement of, is in the voivodeship of, is in the shire of, is in the state of, is in the territory of (wd:P131 as p/wdt): the item is located on the territory of the following administra...if the item falls only partially into the administrative entity., location, part of
3. country, also known as sovereign state, state, land, host country (wd:P17 as p/wdt): sovereign state that this item is in (not to be used for human beings), located in the administrative territorial entity
4. area, also known as total area, surface area, surface, size, resolution (wd:P2046 as p/wdt): area occupied by an object
5. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
6. continent (wd:P30 as p/wdt): continent of which the subject is a part, located in/on physical feature
7. length, also known as size, long, LOA, distance, dimension (wd:P2043 as p/wdt): measured dimension of an object
8. width, also known as breadth, bus width, size (wd:P2049 as p/wdt): width of an object, length
9. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
10. native label, also known as official title, original label, original language label, original language name, original language title (wd:P1705 as p/wdt): label for the items in their official language  or their original language, name

No other items found

[Assistant]
The most relevant properties for "where is the Sahara Desert located" are:
- "located in the administrative territorial entity" (wdt:P131)
- "country" (wdt:P17)
- "continent" (wdt:P30)
- "coordinate location" (wdt:P625)

To answer the question, I will query for all of these properties for wd:Q6583 (Sahara Desert), so we can see which locations (countries, continents, administrative entities, coordinates) are associated with the Sahara Desert.

I will construct a SPARQL query that retrieves all these location-related properties for the Sahara Desert, along with their labels where possible.

[Tool]
Got 20 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| location                                    | locationLabel   | property                                                    |
| ------------------------------------------- | --------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| Libya (wd:Q1016)                            | Libya (en)      | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) |
| Mauritania (wd:Q1025)                       | Mauritania (en) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) |
| Mauritania (wd:Q1025)                       | Mauritania (en) | country (wdt:P17)                                           |
| Morocco (wd:Q1028)                          | Morocco (en)    | country (wdt:P17)                                           |
| Morocco (wd:Q1028)                          | Morocco (en)    | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) |
| ...                                         | ...             | ...                                                         |
| Mali (wd:Q912)                              | Mali (en)       | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) |
| Mali (wd:Q912)                              | Mali (en)       | country (wdt:P17)                                           |
| Tunisia (wd:Q948)                           | Tunisia (en)    | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) |
| Tunisia (wd:Q948)                           | Tunisia (en)    | country (wdt:P17)                                           |
| POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |                 | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              |

[Tool]
Got 9 rows and 1 column:
| country               |
| --------------------- |
| Mauritania (wd:Q1025) |
| Morocco (wd:Q1028)    |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)      |
| Sudan (wd:Q1049)      |
| Algeria (wd:Q262)     |
| Chad (wd:Q657)        |
| Egypt (wd:Q79)        |
| Mali (wd:Q912)        |
| Tunisia (wd:Q948)     |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| continent       |
| --------------- |
| Africa (wd:Q15) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 1 column:
| coordinate                                  |
| ------------------------------------------- |
| POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the countries in which the Sahara Desert is located, which answers the main part of the user's question. However, the answer also mentions the continent (Africa) and the coordinates of the Sahara Desert, which are not retrieved by the query. To fully match the answer provided, the query should be refined to also retrieve the continent (using property P30) and the coordinates (using property P625). These should be included as optional clauses in the query, as the user asked generally about the location, which can include both countries, continent, and coordinates.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I will refine the SPARQL query to retrieve not only the countries in which the Sahara Desert is located, but also the continent and the coordinates. I will use OPTIONAL clauses for the continent (wdt:P30) and coordinates (wdt:P625), and retrieve their IRIs as well.

Here is my thought process:
- The main entity is still wd:Q6583 (Sahara Desert).
- For countries: wdt:P17.
- For continent: wdt:P30.
- For coordinates: wdt:P625.
- I will use OPTIONAL for continent and coordinates, and retrieve all three in a single query.

Let's construct the refined query.

[Tool]
Got 9 rows and 3 columns:
| country               | continent       | coordinate                                  |
| --------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Mauritania (wd:Q1025) | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Morocco (wd:Q1028)    | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Niger (wd:Q1032)      | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Sudan (wd:Q1049)      | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Algeria (wd:Q262)     | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Chad (wd:Q657)        | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Egypt (wd:Q79)        | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Mali (wd:Q912)        | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |
| Tunisia (wd:Q948)     | Africa (wd:Q15) | POINT(12.612222 23.079722) (geo:wktLiteral) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the countries (as IRIs), the continent, and the coordinates where the Sahara Desert is located. The answer is accurate and complete, and the query follows all the specified rules. No further refinement is needed.