PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
SELECT ?location ?locationLabel ?building ?buildingLabel ?start ?end WHERE {
  wd:Q7184 p:P159 ?statement .
  ?statement ps:P159 ?location .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?location rdfs:label ?locationLabel FILTER ( lang( ?locationLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P276 ?building .
    ?building rdfs:label ?buildingLabel
    FILTER ( lang( ?buildingLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P580 ?start
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?statement pq:P582 ?end
  }
}
ORDER BY ?start

NATO has had several headquarters locations:
- London (wd:Q84), 1950–1952
- Palais de Chaillot (wd:Q13360213), 1952–1959
- 16th arrondissement of Paris (wd:Q194420), at Paris Dauphine University (wd:Q1546437), 1959–1967
- City of Brussels (wd:Q239), 1967–2017
- City of Brussels (wd:Q239), at NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833), 2017–present

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where are the nato headquarters located?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The entity is "NATO" (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).
2. The property is "headquarters location" or similar.

First, I will search for the entity "NATO" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. NATO, also known as North Atlantic Treaty Organization, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO Alliance, North Atlantic Alliance (wd:Q7184): intergovernmental military alliance between 32 member states
2. .nato (wd:Q753137): top-level domain
3. NATO (wd:Q1940923): 1994 studio album by Laibach
4. National Association of Theatre Owners, also known as NATO (wd:Q2076915): American motion picture exhibition trade organization
5. nato wood, also known as mora, mora wood, nato (wd:Q3337031): the wood from tropical trees in the genus Mora
6. Nåtö (wd:Q24453737): island in Finland Proper, Finland
7. Nato (wd:Q6980174): human settlement in Madagascar
8. Nato (wd:Q10605515): island in Lemland, Åland Islands, Finland
9. Jeanne Natoire, also known as Mademoiselle Natoire, Mlle Natoire, Nato (wd:Q34725664): French Painter (c. 1700–1776), painter
10. naTo, also known as Cinématèque in der naTo (wd:Q1961846): cultural centre and cinema in Leipzig

[Assistant]
The correct entity for NATO (the military alliance) is wd:Q7184.

Next, I need to find the property that indicates the location of an organization's headquarters. I will search for properties related to "headquarters" for this entity.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. headquarters location, also known as headquarters locality, seat, headquarters town, HQ, HQ location (wd:P159 as p/wdt): city or town where an organization's headquarters is or has been situated. Use P276 qualifier for specific building, significant place
2. has subsidiary, also known as subordinate body, subsidiary body, subordinate unit, subsidiary, subsidiary company (wd:P355 as p/wdt): subsidiary of a company or organization; generally a fully owned...siness division" (P199). Opposite of parent organization (P749)., has part(s), owner of
3. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as p/wdt): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
4. position held by head of the organization, also known as position held by head of the organisation, secretary's position, president's position, position held by head of the organization, office held by head of the organisation (wd:P2388 as p/wdt): position of the head of this item
5. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as p/wdt): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
6. corporate officer, also known as executive officer (wd:P2828 as p/wdt): person who holds a specific position, director / manager
7. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
8. foundational text, also known as main text, treaty, organic law, founding document, establishing document (wd:P457 as p/wdt): text through which an institution or object has been created or established
9. founded by, also known as starter, co-founded by, started by, institutor, instituted by (wd:P112 as p/wdt): founder or co-founder of this organization, religion, place or entity, creator
10. logo image, also known as masthead, wordmark, trademark, trade mark, sign (wd:P154 as p/wdt): graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products, icon

No other items found

[Assistant] The most relevant property is "headquarters location" (wdt:P159). Now, I will check which entity is the headquarters location for NATO (wd:Q7184) using this property.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 2 columns:
| hq                         | hqLabel               |
| -------------------------- | --------------------- |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | City of Brussels (en) |

[Tool]
Got 1,306 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                    | property                                                    | object                                                                                |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | instance of (wdt:P31)                                       | big city (wd:Q1549591)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | country (wdt:P17)                                           | Belgium (wd:Q31)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | located in the administrative territorial entity (wdt:P131) | Arrondissement of Brussels-Capital (wd:Q90870)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | coordinate location (wdt:P625)                              | POINT(4.351667 50.846667) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                                 | Brussels (municipality)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | image (wdt:P18)                                             | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brussels%20view%20from%20Mont%20des%20Arts%2C%20Brussels%2C%20Belgium%20%28cropped%29.jpg> |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | part of (wdt:P361)                                          | Brussels-Capital Region (wd:Q240)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | population (wdt:P1082)                                      | 195546 (xsd:decimal)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | short name (wdt:P1813)                                      | Bru (nl)                                                                                |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                                      | south extension of Brussels (wd:Q63378234)                                                                                |
| ...                        | ...                                                         | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
The headquarters of NATO (wd:Q7184) are located in the City of Brussels (wd:Q239).

Here is the final SPARQL query that retrieves the location entity (with optional English label) for NATO's headquarters:

```sparql
SELECT ?hq WHERE {
  wd:Q7184 wdt:P159 ?hq .
}
```

Optionally, you can also get the English label:

```sparql
SELECT ?hq ?hqLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q7184 wdt:P159 ?hq .
  OPTIONAL { ?hq rdfs:label ?hqLabel FILTER (lang(?hqLabel) = "en") }
}
```

The answer is: The NATO headquarters are located in the City of Brussels (wd:Q239).

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves the headquarters location of NATO using the property 'headquarters location' (wdt:P159). However, the answer could be improved by also returning the IRI of the result (which the query does), and optionally including the label for better readability. Additionally, the query could be refined to check if there are multiple headquarters locations (historically or currently), or to retrieve more specific information (such as the building, if available via qualifiers). For the current question, the answer is correct, but including the label in the output would make it more user-friendly.

[Assistant]
Thank you for your feedback. To refine the answer:

1. I will ensure the query returns both the IRI and the English label for the headquarters location.
2. I will also check if there are multiple headquarters locations (historically or currently) by not restricting the query to only the present.
3. Additionally, I will check if there is a more specific building associated with the headquarters location using qualifiers (such as P276 "location").

Let's start by refining the query to return both the IRI and the English label for all headquarters locations of NATO, and to check for any qualifiers that specify a particular building.

First, I will check how the "headquarters location" property (P159) is used for NATO, including qualifiers.

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| subject         | property                       | object                                       |
| --------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- |
| NATO (wd:Q7184) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 |
| NATO (wd:Q7184) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 |
| NATO (wd:Q7184) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa |
| NATO (wd:Q7184) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a |
| NATO (wd:Q7184) | headquarters location (p:P159) | s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a |

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | start time (pq:P580)            | 1950-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)          |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | headquarters location (ps:P159) | London (wd:Q84)                              |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | end time (pq:P582)              | 1952-04-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)          |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                           |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | prov:wasDerivedFrom             | ref:037392c462a808bcea890dc58b6c2ac8634a7fbb |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | start time (pqv:P580)           | v:dca421a2ca4aa585d2c45326049993eb           |
| s:Q7184-03bbd5c3-488d-8b8f-3694-0f0f8455bb58 | end time (pqv:P582)             | v:e0f0258658f4f194b47165921b59f26d           |

[Tool]
Got 11 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | coordinate location (pq:P625)   | POINT(4.425000 50.875833) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | start time (pq:P580)            | 1967-10-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)          |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | headquarters location (ps:P159) | City of Brussels (wd:Q239)                   |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | end time (pq:P582)              | 2017-05-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)          |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                          |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                           |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | prov:wasDerivedFrom             | ref:032fad615ec279b17544d8082f22d0511e7e81b3 |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | coordinate location (pqv:P625)  | v:35c87ed40fef78b253d989dbfa534e21           |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | start time (pqv:P580)           | v:9dfb5e6f58c74ec89c384a50939b4b9a           |
| s:Q7184-31d9f9a9-42d1-17f3-3ce8-627c8785e215 | end time (pqv:P582)             | v:eba44ebfefeffcf78f1de98d87703307           |
| ...                                          | ...                             | ...                                          |

[Tool]
Got 7 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                              |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | start time (pq:P580)            | 1952-04-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | headquarters location (ps:P159) | Palais de Chaillot (wd:Q13360213)   |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | end time (pq:P582)              | 1959-12-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                 |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                  |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | start time (pqv:P580)           | v:df32dca7d50e5f6876544e4a5e9fa150  |
| s:Q7184-46ee2c86-4ae9-a15d-fc1c-5d6d940bbbaa | end time (pqv:P582)             | v:5f5b22b73b7503cc8639ee938e4e49ba  |

[Tool]
Got 8 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                    |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | location (pq:P276)              | Paris Dauphine University (wd:Q1546437)   |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | start time (pq:P580)            | 1959-12-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)       |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | headquarters location (ps:P159) | 16th arrondissement of Paris (wd:Q194420) |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | end time (pq:P582)              | 1967-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)       |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:NormalRank                       |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                        |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | start time (pqv:P580)           | v:e1a26396b8bc354d72980d463170b984        |
| s:Q7184-d9450b7b-4b12-2323-2edf-e7f89a4be04a | end time (pqv:P582)             | v:da1bce694c8bde43ef39f5a1186d9332        |

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| subject                                      | property                        | object                                       |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | coordinate location (pq:P625)   | POINT(4.425833 50.879722) (geo:wktLiteral)   |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | location (pq:P276)              | NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833)             |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | start time (pq:P580)            | 2017-05-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)          |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | headquarters location (ps:P159) | City of Brussels (wd:Q239)                   |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | wikibase:rank                   | wikibase:PreferredRank                       |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | rdf:type                        | wikibase:BestRank                            |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | prov:wasDerivedFrom             | ref:cd3d941367819820f559af1875884145d367d62d |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | coordinate location (pqv:P625)  | v:0900e8ff883b233775fb5aec294413aa           |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | start time (pqv:P580)           | v:eba44ebfefeffcf78f1de98d87703307           |
| s:Q7184-fc6a7d7a-47f9-0d5b-83d9-f52b766ffa7a | rdf:type                        | wikibase:Statement                           |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 6 columns:
| location                                  | locationLabel                     | building                                | buildingLabel                  | start                               | end                                 |
| ----------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| London (wd:Q84)                           | London (en)                       |                                         |                                | 1950-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1952-04-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Palais de Chaillot (wd:Q13360213)         | Palais de Chaillot (en)           |                                         |                                | 1952-04-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1959-12-15T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 16th arrondissement of Paris (wd:Q194420) | 16th arrondissement of Paris (en) | Paris Dauphine University (wd:Q1546437) | Paris Dauphine University (en) | 1959-12-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1967-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239)                | City of Brussels (en)             |                                         |                                | 1967-10-16T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2017-05-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| City of Brussels (wd:Q239)                | City of Brussels (en)             | NATO Headquarters (wd:Q12800833)        | NATO Headquarters (en)         | 2017-05-25T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=done):
The SPARQL query correctly retrieves all headquarters locations of NATO, including the relevant time periods and specific buildings when available. The query returns the IRIs (identifiers) for the locations and buildings, and labels are included only as optional information. The answer is complete, accurate, and follows all the specified rules for SPARQL queries. No further refinement is needed.


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?book ?date ?title WHERE {
  ?book wdt:P50 wd:Q207 .
  ?book wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * ?type .
  FILTER ( ?type IN ( wd:Q571 , wd:Q7725634 , wd:Q47461344 ) ) OPTIONAL {
    ?book wdt:P577 ?date .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?book rdfs:label ?title .
    FILTER ( lang( ?title ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY DESC ( ?date )
LIMIT 1

The title of George W. Bush's most recent book, based on the latest available data in Wikidata, is 'Portraits of Courage', published in 2017.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] what is the title of george bush's new book?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking for the title of George Bush's "new book".
2. We need to identify the correct George Bush (likely George W. Bush or George H. W. Bush).
3. We need to find the most recent book authored by him and retrieve its title.

Step 1: Search for "George Bush" entities in Wikidata to identify the correct entity/entities.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. George W. Bush, also known as GWB, POTUS 43, George Bush, President Bush, Bush Jr. (wd:Q207): President of the United States from 2001 to 2009, motivational speaker, rugby union player, military officer, autobiographer, businessperson, statesperson, politician, financier, painter
2. George H. W. Bush, also known as G H W Bush, George W. Bush Senior, GHWB, GHW Bush, G.H.W. Bush (wd:Q23505): President of the United States from 1989 to 1993, baseball player, aircraft pilot, autobiographer, naval officer, statesperson, entrepreneur, politician, diplomat
3. George Bush (wd:Q5537488): American biblical scholar and pastor (1796–1859), pastor, writer
4. George Bush, also known as George Edward Bush (wd:Q28445429): association football player (1883-1936), association football player
5. George Bush (wd:Q5537484): racing driver, engineer
6. George Bush, also known as Simmons (wd:Q107224832): person in the Aberdeen Register of Returned Convicts 1869-1939
7. George Bush (wd:Q47512688): painting by Daniel Bennett Schwartz
8. George Bush (wd:Q47509378): painting by Ronald N. Sherr
9. George Bush (wd:Q100766406): basketball player
10. George Bush [bushgeorg0026233] (wd:Q103871655): article in Electronic Enlightenment

[Assistant]
The top two relevant entities are:
- George W. Bush (wd:Q207), President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
- George H. W. Bush (wd:Q23505), President of the United States from 1989 to 1993

Since the question refers to "George Bush's new book," it is most likely referring to George W. Bush, who is more recently active as an author.

Next, I need to find books authored by George W. Bush and determine which is the most recent. I'll search for properties related to "book" or "author" for wd:Q207.

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. SELIBR ID, also known as LIBRIS, National Library of Sweden, SE-LIBR ID (wd:P906 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier per National Library of Sweden Libris library catalog
2. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)
3. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
4. FAST ID, also known as Faceted Application of Subject Terminology ID, FAST subject heading, fst, worldcat.org/fast (wd:P2163 as wdtn/p/wdt): authority control identifier in WorldCat's “FAST Linked Data” authority file
5. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
6. writing language, also known as languages of writings, languages written, language written, writing languages, language of works (wd:P6886 as p/wdt): language in which the writer has written their work, languages spoken, written or signed
7. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
8. image, also known as still capture, still, screenshot, screen capture, portrait (wd:P18 as p/wdt): image of relevant illustration of the subject; if available, als...tor map, flag image, signature image, logo image, collage image)
9. Open Library ID, also known as Open Library book ID, OpenLibrary work ID, Open Library work ID, OpenLibrary identifier, Open Library identifier (wd:P648 as wdtn/p/wdt): identifier for a work ("W"), edition ("M") or author ("A") for book data of the Internet Archive
10. sport, also known as play, plays, sport played, sports (wd:P641 as p/wdt): sport that the subject participates or participated in or is associated with

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. Commons Creator page, also known as creator page, creator template (wd:P1472 as p/wdt): name of Commons Infobox template residing in "Creator" namespace on Wikimedia Commons
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. Project Gutenberg author ID, also known as Gutenberg ID, gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/, Project Gutenberg ID (author) (wd:P1938 as wdtn/p/wdt): author identifier at Project Gutenberg
5. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as p/wdt): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
6. given name, also known as name, proper name, personal name, middle name, forename (wd:P735 as p/wdt): first name or another given name of this person; values used with the property should not link disambiguations nor family names, name
7. member of political party, also known as political party member, political party, party membership, party, member of party (wd:P102 as p/wdt): the political party of which a person is or has been a member or otherwise affiliated, member of
8. member of, also known as band member of, membership, member of musical group, in musical group, be member of (wd:P463 as p/wdt): organization, club or musical group to which the subject belongs...ical position, such as a member of parliament (use P39 for that), part of
9. official website, also known as site (official), home page, site official, URL, URL (official) (wd:P856 as p/wdt): URL of the official page of an item (current or former). Usage: ...but see the "Hijacked or dead websites" section of the Talk page, URL
10. SBN author ID, also known as ICCU, SBN, SBN identifier, Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale (wd:P396 as p/wdt): identifier issued by National Library Service (SBN) of Italy

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. theorized by, also known as author, supported by, suggested by, proposer, proposed by (wd:P8403 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject who suggested or proposed this concept or immaterial invention
2. lyricist, also known as text poet, writer (of song lyrics), words by, text writer, text by (wd:P676 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): author of song lyrics, author
3. author, also known as writer, written by, poet, playwright, maker (wd:P50 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): main creator(s) of a written work (use on works, not humans); us...hor name string) when Wikidata item is unknown or does not exist, creator
4. notable work, also known as artwork, wrote, writer of, works, work (wd:P800 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): notable scientific, artistic or literary work, or other work of significance among subject's works
5. author given names, also known as given name, given names, first name, author first names, author first name (wd:P9687 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier for string representation of given or secondary sortin...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), given name
6. used by, also known as armiger, user, played by, of (wd:P1535 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept that makes use of the subject (use sub-properties when appropriate)
7. operator, also known as offered by, operated by, provided by, run by, service operator (wd:P137 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person, profession, organization or entity that operates the equipment, facility, or service, used by
8. creator, also known as created by, visual artist, sculptor, sculpted by, realized by (wd:P170 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): maker of this creative work or other object (where no more specific property exists)
9. author last names, also known as author last name, surnames, surname, last names, last name (wd:P9688 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): qualifier to provide string representation of family or primary ...presented in a bibliographic reference file (for example BibTeX), family name
10. object named as, also known as original wording, place name string, printed as, reference wording, [sic] (wd:P1932 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): use as qualifier to indicate how the object's value was given in the source, name

[Tool]
Got 400 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                                      | property         | object                   |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------- | ------------------------ |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966)                                 | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Mission Accomplished speech (wd:Q3316780)                    | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Executive Order 13224 (wd:Q5419884)                          | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Executive Order 13470 (wd:Q1383597)                          | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479)                   | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Proclamation 7750 of the President of the USA (wd:Q18330735) | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Presidential Radio Address - 26 July 2008 (wd:Q19052002)     | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574)                          | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824)                               | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| Executive Order 13233 (wd:Q5419885)                          | author (wdt:P50) | George W. Bush (wd:Q207) |
| ...                                                          | ...              | ...                      |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| book                                       | date                                | title                            |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574)        | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Portraits of Courage (en)        |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | 2014-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en) |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966)               | 2010-11-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Decision Points (en)             |
| Proclamation 8325 (wd:Q43983370)           | 2008-12-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Proclamation 8325 (en)           |
| Executive Order 13470 (wd:Q1383597)        | 2008-08-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Executive Order 13470 (en)       |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The SPARQL query is mostly correct: it retrieves works authored by George W. Bush, orders them by publication date, and limits the results. However, the query currently includes items that are not books (e.g., 'Proclamation 8325' and 'Executive Order 13470'), which are not relevant to the user's question about books. To refine the query, you should filter for items that are instances of 'book' (wd:Q571) or subclasses thereof. This will ensure only books are returned, making the answer more precise and relevant.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To refine the query, I need to ensure that only items that are instances of "book" (wd:Q571) or its subclasses are included.

Step-by-step plan:
1. Add a triple to the query that ensures each ?book is an instance of (wdt:P31) "book" (wd:Q571) or any subclass thereof.
2. Use the property path wdt:P31/wdt:P279* to include subclasses of "book".
3. Keep the rest of the query the same: get the publication date and English label, order by date descending, and limit to the most recent results.

Let me construct and execute the refined query.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
The refined query returned no results. This suggests that the books authored by George W. Bush may not be explicitly typed as instances of "book" (wd:Q571) or its subclasses in Wikidata, even though they are indeed books.

To address this, I will relax the filter slightly:
- Instead of requiring all works to be typed as "book" or subclass, I will use an OPTIONAL clause for the instance-of property and show the type for each result.
- This way, I can see which works are typed as books and which are not, and still provide the most relevant answer.

Let me adjust and execute the query accordingly.

[Tool]
Got 10 rows and 4 columns:
| book                                       | date                                | title                            | type                                        |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574)        | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Portraits of Courage (en)        | literary work (wd:Q7725634)                 |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | 2014-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en) | literary work (wd:Q7725634)                 |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966)               | 2010-11-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Decision Points (en)             | written work (wd:Q47461344)                 |
| Proclamation 8325 (wd:Q43983370)           | 2008-12-02T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Proclamation 8325 (en)           | presidential proclamation (wd:Q7241458)     |
| Executive Order 13470 (wd:Q1383597)        | 2008-08-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Executive Order 13470 (en)       | United States executive order (wd:Q1338798) |
| Proclamation 8207 (wd:Q44615465)           | 2007-12-04T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Proclamation 8207 (en)           | presidential proclamation (wd:Q7241458)     |
| Proclamation 8124 (wd:Q19085418)           | 2007-04-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Proclamation 8124 (en)           | presidential proclamation (wd:Q7241458)     |
| Proclamation 8112 (wd:Q19085354)           | 2007-03-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Proclamation 8112 (en)           | presidential proclamation (wd:Q7241458)     |
| Executive Order 13406 (wd:Q19104840)       | 2006-06-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Executive Order 13406 (en)       | United States executive order (wd:Q1338798) |
| Proclamation 8031 (wd:Q19084913)           | 2006-06-26T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Proclamation 8031 (en)           | presidential proclamation (wd:Q7241458)     |

[Tool]
Got 31 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                             | property                               | object                                                    |
| ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | instance of (wdt:P31)                  | literary work (wd:Q7725634)                               |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | title (wdt:P1476)                      | Portraits of Courage (en)                                 |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | publication date (wdt:P577)            | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                       |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | author (wdt:P50)                       | George W. Bush (wd:Q207)                                  |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | language of work or name (wdt:P407)    | English (wd:Q1860)                                        |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | country of origin (wdt:P495)           | United States (wd:Q30)                                    |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | follows (wdt:P155)                     | 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479)                |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | subtitle (wdt:P1680)                   | A Commander in Chief's Tribute to America's Warriors (en) |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | Google Knowledge Graph ID (wdtn:P2671) | <http://g.co/kg/g/11c6w0gyd2>                             |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574) | wdt:P31279                             | literary work (wd:Q7725634)                               |
| ...                                 | ...                                    | ...                                                       |

[Tool]
Got 49 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                    | property                            | object                               |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | literary work (wd:Q7725634)          |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | title (wdt:P1476)                   | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en)     |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | publication date (wdt:P577)         | 2014-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)  |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | author (wdt:P50)                    | George W. Bush (wd:Q207)             |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | English (wd:Q1860)                   |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | United States (wd:Q30)               |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | genre (wdt:P136)                    | biography (wd:Q36279)                |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | follows (wdt:P155)                  | Decision Points (wd:Q942966)         |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | followed by (wdt:P156)              | Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574)  |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | publisher (wdt:P123)                | Crown Publishing Group (wd:Q5189454) |
| ...                                        | ...                                 | ...                                  |

[Tool]
Got 108 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                      | property                            | object                                 |
| ---------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------------- |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | instance of (wdt:P31)               | written work (wd:Q47461344)            |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | title (wdt:P1476)                   | Decision Points (en)                   |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | publication date (wdt:P577)         | 2010-11-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)    |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | author (wdt:P50)                    | George W. Bush (wd:Q207)               |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | language of work or name (wdt:P407) | English (wd:Q1860)                     |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | inception (wdt:P571)                | 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)    |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | number of pages (wdt:P1104)         | 512 (xsd:decimal)                      |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | country of origin (wdt:P495)        | United States (wd:Q30)                 |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | official website (wdt:P856)         | <http://georgewbushdecisionpoints.com> |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966) | genre (wdt:P136)                    | memoir (wd:Q112983)                    |
| ...                          | ...                                 | ...                                    |

[Tool]
Got 51 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                        | property                              | object                                   |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | instance of (wdt:P31)                 | written work (wd:Q47461344)              |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | title (wdt:P1476)                     | A Charge to Keep (en)                    |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | publication date (wdt:P577)           | 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)      |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | author (wdt:P50)                      | George W. Bush (wd:Q207)                 |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | language of work or name (wdt:P407)   | English (wd:Q1860)                       |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | country of origin (wdt:P495)          | United States (wd:Q30)                   |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | genre (wdt:P136)                      | memoir (wd:Q112983)                      |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | followed by (wdt:P156)                | Decision Points (wd:Q942966)             |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | publisher (wdt:P123)                  | William Morrow and Company (wd:Q8015856) |
| A Charge to Keep (wd:Q4655824) | has edition or translation (wdt:P747) | A Charge to Keep (wd:Q60416508)          |
| ...                            | ...                                   | ...                                      |

[Tool]
Got 575 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                              | object                                |
| --------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | Commons category (wdt:P373)           | Literary works                        |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                | creative work (wd:Q17537576)          |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                | text (wd:Q234460)                     |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | different from (wdt:P1889)            | fiction (wd:Q8253)                    |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | maintained by WikiProject (wdt:P6104) | WikiProject Books (wd:Q8487081)       |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | topic's main category (wdt:P910)      | wd:Q3919906                           |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | has characteristic (wdt:P1552)        | type of literary work (wd:Q110169000) |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | facet of (wdt:P1269)                  | literature (wd:Q8242)                 |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | fabrication method (wdt:P2079)        | writing (wd:Q110484020)               |
| literary work (wd:Q7725634) | topic's main template (wdt:P1424)     | wd:Q14191166                          |
| ...                         | ...                                   | ...                                   |

[Tool]
Got 390 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                     | property                                 | object                            |
| --------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | instance of (wdt:P31)                    | collective noun (wd:Q504952)      |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                   | intellectual work (wd:Q15621286)  |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | different from (wdt:P1889)               | book (wd:Q571)                    |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | topic's main category (wdt:P910)         | wd:Q10013893                      |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | said to be the same as (wdt:P460)        | handwritten record (wd:Q20058025) |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | uses (wdt:P2283)                         | writing system (wd:Q8192)         |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | properties for this type (wdt:P1963)     | genre (wd:P136)                   |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | model item (wdt:P5869)                   | literary work (wd:Q7725634)       |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | EntitySchema for this class (wdt:P12861) | wd:E35                            |
| written work (wd:Q47461344) | GND ID (wdtn:P227)                       | <https://d-nb.info/gnd/4255550-4> |
| ...                         | ...                                      | ...                               |

[Tool]
Got 1,396 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject        | property                                       | object                                                                                |
| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| book (wd:Q571) | instance of (wdt:P31)                          | type of mass media (wd:Q121132955)                                                      |
| book (wd:Q571) | Commons category (wdt:P373)                    | Books                                                                                |
| book (wd:Q571) | image (wdt:P18)                                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reimski%20evan%C4%91elistar.10.jpg> |
| book (wd:Q571) | subclass of (wdt:P279)                         | document (wd:Q49848)                                                                    |
| book (wd:Q571) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)                         | text (wd:Q234460)                                                                       |
| book (wd:Q571) | described by source (wdt:P1343)                | Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (wd:Q602358)                                |
| book (wd:Q571) | on focus list of Wikimedia project (wdt:P5008) | wd:Q5460604                                                                             |
| book (wd:Q571) | different from (wdt:P1889)                     | wd:Q10567996                                                                            |
| book (wd:Q571) | maintained by WikiProject (wdt:P6104)          | WikiProject Books (wd:Q8487081)                                                         |
| book (wd:Q571) | topic's main category (wdt:P910)               | wd:Q33098516                                                                            |
| ...            | ...                                            | ...                                                                                |

[Tool]
Got 5 rows and 3 columns:
| book                                       | date                                | title                            |
| ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574)        | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Portraits of Courage (en)        |
| Portraits of Courage (wd:Q29097574)        | 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Portraits of Courage (en)        |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | 2014-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en) |
| 41: A Portrait of My Father (wd:Q18786479) | 2014-11-11T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 41: A Portrait of My Father (en) |
| Decision Points (wd:Q942966)               | 2010-11-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | Decision Points (en)             |

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer is mostly correct: the SPARQL query retrieves the most recent books authored by George W. Bush, and the answer correctly identifies 'Portraits of Courage' as the latest. However, the query returns duplicate rows for each book, likely due to multiple labels or other properties. The query should use SELECT DISTINCT or otherwise eliminate duplicates. Additionally, the query should LIMIT 1 after sorting by publication date to ensure only the most recent book is returned, as the question asks for the new book (singular). The answer should also clarify that this is based on the latest available data in Wikidata.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To address the issues:

1. I will use SELECT DISTINCT to eliminate duplicate rows.
2. I will LIMIT 1 after sorting by publication date to return only the most recent book.
3. I will clarify in the answer that this is based on the latest available data in Wikidata.

Here is the refined query and answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process


PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?residence ?hometown ?school ?birthplace WHERE {
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q36844 wdt:P551 ?residence
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q36844 wdt:P937 ?hometown
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q36844 wdt:P69 ?school
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    wd:Q36844 wdt:P19 ?birthplace
  }
}

Wikidata does not have explicit information about where Rihanna was raised, such as her residence, hometown, or schools attended. The only available geographic information is her place of birth: Saint Michael, Barbados (wd:Q819170). This is provided as the closest available information.

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You have access to the following knowledge graphs:
wikidata at http://amur:7001

You can use the following SPARQL prefixes implicitly in all functions:
cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
schema: <http://schema.org/
skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#
foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Use the functions to search for entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Use the execute function to get feedback on intermediate queries. You can go back and forth between knowledge graph searches and SPARQL query executions to refine the query.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Additional rules:
1. Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
2. Do not assume or make up any entities or properties without verifying them with the knowledge graphs and functions.
3. The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
4. Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
5. Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
6. For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.
7. Do not use 'SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ...' in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.

[User] where was rihanna raised?

[Assistant]
Let's break down the question:

1. The user is asking about the place where Rihanna was raised.
2. We need to identify the entity for Rihanna and the property that indicates where someone was raised (which may be "place of upbringing" or similar).

First, I'll search for the entity "Rihanna" in Wikidata.

[Tool]
Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Rihanna, also known as Barbadian singer, Rihana, Robyn Fenty, Robyn Rihanna Fenty (wd:Q36844): Barbadian singer and actress, singer
2. Rihanna (wd:Q751012): 2010 photo-book
3. Rihanna (wd:Q17136804): female given name
4. Rihanna (wd:Q65090823): 2017 single by Yxng Bane
5. Rihanna (wd:Q17146308): single  by Orezi
6. Rihanna (wd:Q120757612): original song written by Camille Dhont, and performed by Camille
7. Rihanna (wd:Q119197664)
8. Rihanna (wd:Q119197546)
9. Rihanna (wd:Q120757609): vocal track by Camille; 2023 studio recording
10. Rihanna Twitter account, also known as @rihanna, twitter.com/rihanna (wd:Q65676172): Twitter account of Rihanna

[Assistant]
The correct entity for Rihanna the singer is wd:Q36844.

Next, I need to find the property that corresponds to "place where someone was raised" or "place of upbringing." This is different from "place of birth," so I'll search for properties related to "raised" or "upbringing."

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. inception, also known as initial release date, founded in, founded on, founded on date, founding date (wd:P571 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time when an entity begins to exist; for date of official opening use P1619, start time
2. dissolved, abolished or demolished date, also known as ended, publication end date, final issue, date repealed, final year (wd:P576 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ceas...g equipment,  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product, end time
3. service entry, also known as commissioned, time of service entry, service introduction, launch date, in service (wd:P729 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date or point in time on which a piece or class of equipment entered operational service, start time
4. maintained by, also known as custodian, maintenance, maintainer, held by, administrator (wd:P126 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): person or organization in charge of keeping the subject (for instance an infrastructure) in functioning order
5. collection, also known as editorial collection, series, repository, museum collection, held by (wd:P195 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): art, museum, archival, or bibliographic collection of which the subject is part, part of
6. location, also known as neighbourhood, whereabouts, vilage, venue, town (wd:P276 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location of the object, structure or event. In the case of an ad...ity use P706. Use P7153 for locations associated with the object
7. uses, also known as uses trope, used, using, wielded, wields (wd:P2283 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): item or concept used by the subject or in the operation (see also instrument [P1303] and armament [P520])
8. announcement date, also known as released, date teased, made public on, public announcement date, published (wd:P6949 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): time of the first public presentation of a subject by the creator, of information by the media, point in time
9. publication date, also known as launched, published, publication time, publication, pubdate (wd:P577 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date or point in time when a work was first published or released, point in time
10. class of object(s) of occurrence, also known as may happen to, may occur to items of the class, object class of action, object class of occurrence, of (wd:P12913 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): class that includes the object(s) to which this occurrence (or class of occurrence) occurs or occurred

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. mother, also known as mom, is child of, mommy, mum, mummy (wd:P25 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): female parent of the subject. For stepmother, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
4. father, also known as son of, child of, parent, is son of, is daughter of (wd:P22 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): male parent of the subject. For stepfather, use "stepparent" (P3448), parent
5. parent, also known as guardian, parents (wd:P8810 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): parent of the subject. Only use if neither father (P22) nor mother (P25) nor stepparent (P3448) is applicable., relative
6. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
7. personality trait of fictional character, also known as personality trait, personality trait of fictitious character, personal quality of fictional character, fictitious character personality trait, personal quality of fictitious character (wd:P9652 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): particular personality trait which applies to this fictional character
8. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
9. indigenous to, also known as native to, originating from, spoken by (wd:P2341 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): place or ethnic group where a language, art genre, cultural trad...biological species or variety is found (or was originally found)
10. lifestyle, also known as diet, follows lifestyle, has lifestyle, life style (wd:P1576 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): typical way of life of an individual, group, or culture

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. wears, also known as wore, wearing, uniform, outfit, garment (wd:P3828 as p/wdt): clothing or accessory worn on subject's body, item operated
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. described by source, also known as mentioned in, source of item, reviewed in, mentioned in news article, talked about in (wd:P1343 as p/wdt): work where this item is described, attested in
5. height, also known as heighth, size, depth over terrain (wd:P2048 as p/wdt): vertical length of an entity, length
6. award received, also known as win, winner of, recognition title, received award, prize received (wd:P166 as p/wdt): award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work
7. owner of, also known as owns, owns property, shareholder of (wd:P1830 as p/wdt): entities owned by the subject
8. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
9. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as p/wdt): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
10. languages spoken, written or signed, also known as language of expression, language, wrote language, writes language, uses language (wd:P1412 as p/wdt): language(s) that a person or a people speaks, writes or signs, including the native language(s)

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. child, also known as has son, kids, mother of, kid, issue (wd:P40 as p/wdt): subject has object as child. Do not use for stepchildren—use "relative" (P1038), qualified with "type of kinship" (P1039), significant person, relative
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as p/wdt): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as p/wdt): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
4. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as p/wdt): date on which the subject was born, inception
5. influenced by, also known as favorite player, has influence, informed by, role model (wd:P737 as p/wdt): this person, idea, etc. is informed by that other person, idea, etc., e.g. “Heidegger was influenced by Aristotle”
6. occupation, also known as job, work, vocation, profession, employment (wd:P106 as p/wdt): occupation of a person; see also "field of work" (Property:P101), "position held" (Property:P39)
7. country of citizenship, also known as subject of (country), nation of citizenship, national of, nationality, nation (wd:P27 as p/wdt): the object is a country that recognizes the subject as its citizen, country
8. wears, also known as wore, wearing, uniform, outfit, garment (wd:P3828 as p/wdt): clothing or accessory worn on subject's body, item operated
9. sex or gender, also known as gender or sex, sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender (wd:P21 as p/wdt): sex or gender identity of human or animal. For human: male, fema...m, female organism. Groups of same gender use subclass of (P279)
10. native language, also known as first language, L1 speaker of, language native, mother tongue (wd:P103 as p/wdt): language or languages a person has learned from early childhood, languages spoken, written or signed

No other items found

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
2. location of formation, also known as place of incorporation, originates from, place of establishment, place of formation, place of foundation (wd:P740 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): location where a group or organization was formed, location of creation
3. location of creation, also known as manufactured in, manufacturing location, mint, minted at, photographed at (wd:P1071 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): place where the item was conceived or made; where applicable, location of final assembly, significant place
4. country of origin, also known as origin country, place of origin, originates from, country, CoO (wd:P495 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): country of origin of this item (creative work, food, phrase, product, etc.), significant place, country
5. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
6. ethnic group, also known as ethnic or cultural origin, tribal affiliation, race, people, ethnicity (wd:P172 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): subject's ethnicity (consensus is that a VERY high standard of p...agreed on by scholars, or 3) is fictional and portrayed as such)
7. ancestral home, also known as native village, native place, ancestral village, ancestral homeplace, ancestral place (wd:P66 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): place of origin for ancestors of subject, significant place
8. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
9. narrative location, also known as set in location, set in, setting, setting location, setting of work (wd:P840 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the narrative of the work is set in this location, significant place, depicts
10. category for people born here, also known as category for place of birth, category of people born here (wd:P1464 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): category item that groups people born in this place, related category

[Tool]
Top 10 property alternatives:
1. residence, also known as living in, place of residence, resided at, resided in, resident in (wd:P551 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the place where the person is or has been, resident, location
2. place of birth, also known as POB, location of birth, location born, born in, birthplace (wd:P19 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): most specific known birth location of a person, animal or fictional character, location
3. date of birth, also known as year of birth, birthdate, DOB, born on, born (wd:P569 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): date on which the subject was born, inception
4. birth name, also known as née, name at birth, name before marriage, ne, né (wd:P1477 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): full name of a person at birth, if different from their current, generally used name, name
5. official residence, also known as resides at, lives in, palace, presidential mansion, presidential palace (wd:P263 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): the residence at which heads of government and other senior figures officially reside, residence
6. lifestyle, also known as diet, follows lifestyle, has lifestyle, life style (wd:P1576 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): typical way of life of an individual, group, or culture
7. wears, also known as wore, wearing, uniform, outfit, garment (wd:P3828 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): clothing or accessory worn on subject's body, item operated
8. educated at, also known as graduated from, graduate of, place of education, school attended, schooled at (wd:P69 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): educational institution attended by subject, affiliation
9. ASF KID Cave Tag Number, also known as Australian Speleological Federation KID, KID, Karst Index Database (wd:P2792 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): unique identifier for caves within the Karst Index Database of the Australian Speleological Federation
10. Kunstindeks Danmark Artist ID, also known as KID, KID artist ID, KID ID (wd:P1138 as psn/prn/pqv/psv/wdt/prv/pq/pr/pqn/wdtn/p/ps): unique artist identifier used by Kunstindeks Danmark

[Tool]
Got 1,517 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject             | property                         | object                                                                          |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | instance of (wdt:P31)            | human (wd:Q5)                                                                   |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | occupation (wdt:P106)            | singer (wd:Q177220)                                                             |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | sex or gender (wdt:P21)          | female (wd:Q6581072)                                                            |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | given name (wdt:P735)            | Rihanna (wd:Q17136804)                                                          |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | date of birth (wdt:P569)         | 1988-02-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                             |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | Commons category (wdt:P373)      | Rihanna                                                                         |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | image (wdt:P18)                  | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Rihanna%20Fenty%202018.png> |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Barbados (wd:Q244)                                                              |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | family name (wdt:P734)           | Fenty (wd:Q37508393)                                                            |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | place of birth (wdt:P19)         | Saint Michael (wd:Q819170)                                                      |
| ...                 | ...                              | ...                                                                             |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject             | property                 | object                     |
| ------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | place of birth (wdt:P19) | Saint Michael (wd:Q819170) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject             | property                         | object             |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Barbados (wd:Q244) |

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Assistant]
After searching for properties related to "raised," "upbringing," and "grew up," as well as examining all properties of Rihanna (wd:Q36844), I found that Wikidata does not have a specific property for "place where someone was raised" for Rihanna. The closest available information is her "place of birth" (wdt:P19), which is Saint Michael (wd:Q819170), Barbados.

Therefore, the best possible answer from Wikidata is Rihanna was born in Saint Michael, Barbados. This is often the same as where someone was raised, but it is not guaranteed.

Here is the SPARQL query that retrieves her place of birth:

```sparql
SELECT ?place WHERE {
  wd:Q36844 wdt:P19 ?place .
}
```

I will now provide this as the answer.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The answer correctly identifies Rihanna's place of birth using the property 'place of birth' (P19), which is Saint Michael, Barbados. However, the user's question specifically asks about where Rihanna was raised, which is not always the same as the place of birth. While Wikidata may not have a direct property for 'place where raised,' it is worth checking for related properties such as 'educated at' (P69), 'residence' (P551), or 'hometown' (P551, P19, or P937) that might provide a closer answer. The current answer should clarify that it is using the place of birth as a proxy and, if possible, attempt to find more relevant properties or information.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. I agree that the user's question is about where Rihanna was raised, which may not be the same as her place of birth. Since Wikidata does not have a direct property for "place where raised," I will now check for related properties such as "educated at" (P69), "residence" (P551), and "hometown" (P937) for Rihanna (wd:Q36844) to see if any of these provide a more accurate answer.

First, I will check if there are any values for "educated at" (P69) for Rihanna.

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool] Got no rows and 3 columns

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject             | property                 | object                     |
| ------------------- | ------------------------ | -------------------------- |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | place of birth (wdt:P19) | Saint Michael (wd:Q819170) |

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 3 columns:
| subject             | property                         | object             |
| ------------------- | -------------------------------- | ------------------ |
| Rihanna (wd:Q36844) | country of citizenship (wdt:P27) | Barbados (wd:Q244) |

[Tool]
Got 65,536 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                           | property             | object                               |
| --------------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
| Abhishek Bhatia (wd:Q100152292)   | residence (wdt:P551) | United States (wd:Q30)               |
| Omar Khashram (wd:Q104147083)     | residence (wdt:P551) | Turkey (wd:Q43)                      |
| Splinter (wd:Q100264004)          | residence (wdt:P551) | Japan (wd:Q17)                       |
| Enrico Bottoni (wd:Q105202488)    | residence (wdt:P551) | Italy (wd:Q38)                       |
| Thomas Gentille (wd:Q100157076)   | residence (wdt:P551) | Germany (wd:Q183)                    |
| Amir Escandari (wd:Q100353921)    | residence (wdt:P551) | Finland (wd:Q33)                     |
| E. Naudy (wd:Q100604482)          | residence (wdt:P551) | France (wd:Q142)                     |
| Caterina Camastra (wd:Q100987766) | residence (wdt:P551) | Mexico (wd:Q96)                      |
| Mahatma Gandhi (wd:Q1001)         | residence (wdt:P551) | India (wd:Q668)                      |
| Cindy Wang Brandt (wd:Q104696196) | residence (wdt:P551) | People's Republic of China (wd:Q148) |
| ...                               | ...                  | ...                                  |

[Assistant]
I checked the properties "educated at" (P69), "hometown" (P937), and "residence" (P551) for Rihanna (wd:Q36844), but none of these properties have values for her in Wikidata. The only relevant geographic information available is her "place of birth" (P19), which is Saint Michael (wd:Q819170), Barbados, and her "country of citizenship" (P27), which is Barbados (wd:Q244).

Therefore, the best available answer from Wikidata is her place of birth, but I will clarify that this is a proxy due to the lack of more specific data about where she was raised.

Here is the refined SPARQL query and answer:

```sparql
SELECT ?place WHERE {
  wd:Q36844 wdt:P19 ?place .
}
```

Answer: According to Wikidata, Rihanna was born in Saint Michael, Barbados. There is no explicit information in Wikidata about where she was raised, nor about her hometown, residence, or education. Therefore, her place of birth is provided as the closest available information.

[Tool] Stopped generation process

[User]
Feedback (status=refine):
The system correctly identifies that Wikidata does not explicitly state where Rihanna was raised and provides her place of birth as the closest available information. However, the answer could be improved by also checking for other relevant properties such as 'residence' (P551), 'hometown' (P551), or 'educated at' (P69), which might provide additional context about where she was raised. The SPARQL query should be refined to attempt to retrieve these properties if available, and only fall back to place of birth if nothing else is found. This would make the answer more comprehensive and robust.

[Assistant]
Thank you for the feedback. To provide a more comprehensive answer, I will construct a SPARQL query that attempts to retrieve, in order of relevance:

1. "residence" (P551) — places where Rihanna has lived, which may indicate where she was raised.
2. "hometown" (P551, sometimes used for this purpose, though not a dedicated property).
3. "educated at" (P69) — schools attended, which can provide clues about where she grew up.
4. "place of birth" (P19) — as a fallback if none of the above are available.

I will use OPTIONAL clauses in the SPARQL query to retrieve all of these if available, and include their IRIs. This approach will ensure the answer is as robust as possible given the data in Wikidata.

Here is my step-by-step plan:
- Query all four properties for Rihanna (wd:Q36844).
- Return the IRIs for each property if present.
- Optionally, include rdfs:label for human readability.

Now, I will write and execute the SPARQL query.

[Tool]
Got 1 row and 8 columns:
| residence | residenceLabel | hometown | hometownLabel | school | schoolLabel | birthplace                 | birthplaceLabel    |
| --------- | -------------- | -------- | ------------- | ------ | ----------- | -------------------------- | ------------------ |
|           |                |          |               |        |             | Saint Michael (wd:Q819170) | Saint Michael (en) |

[Tool] Stopped generation process