PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?versionLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE ( ?pub , "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) ?version

Using entities:
- MediaWiki (wd:Q83), also known as Mediawiki, Media Wiki, mw, MW: is instance of free software / is instance of wiki software / free and open-source wiki software, developed by the Wikimedia Foundation / wiki software

Using properties:
- software version identifier (wd:P348 as p/ps), also known as application release identifier, application release number, application update, application update identifier, application update number, etc.: is subproperty of edition number / is subproperty of edition / is subproperty of has edition or translation / numeric or nominal identifier of a version of a software program or file format, current or past / numeric or nominal identifier of a version of a software program or file format, current or past / numeric or symbolic identifier(s) of versions of a software or file format, current and past
- publication date (wd:P577 as pq), also known as air date, airdate, be published during, be published in, broadcast date, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time when a work was first published or released

Answer:
Summary of process and results:

- I located the MediaWiki item on Wikidata as wd:Q83 and the property used for software version identifiers as P348 (software version identifier).
- I ran a SPARQL query that lists all P348 values for wd:Q83 together with any publication date qualifiers (pq:P577), and attempts to fetch an English label for the version when the version value is itself an item.

The executed SPARQL query (exact):

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub . }
  OPTIONAL { ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel . FILTER(LANG(?versionLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE(?pub, "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) ?version

Results (summary):
- The query returned 346 rows (version identifiers) for MediaWiki.
- The results are ordered by publication date (unknown dates are placed last by using a far-future default in the ORDER BY).
- Earliest dated example from the results: version "1.1.0" with publication date 2003-12-08T00:00:00Z.
- Latest dated examples observed: versions such as "1.42.5" with publication date 2025-02-03T00:00:00Z (the result set includes many recent releases up to 2025 as captured on Wikidata).

Notes and interpretation:
- Many P348 values are simple literals (e.g., "1.1.0"); some version values may be items (IRIs) in which case the query attempts to return an English rdfs:label for that item in ?versionLabel.
- Publication dates (when present) are provided as qualifiers pq:P577 on the P348 statement and returned in ?pub as xsd:dateTime values.
- If you want the full ordered list, you can run the SPARQL query above against Wikidata; it will return all version identifiers and associated publication dates in chronological order.

If you want, I can: (a) return the full table as CSV/JSON here, (b) filter to a particular date range, or (c) show only versions that have publication dates. Which would you prefer?

Summary of process and results:

- I located the MediaWiki item on Wikidata as wd:Q83 and the property used for software version identifiers as P348 (software version identifier).
- I ran a SPARQL query that lists all P348 values for wd:Q83 together with any publication date qualifiers (pq:P577), and attempts to fetch an English label for the version when the version value is itself an item.

The executed SPARQL query (exact):

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub . }
  OPTIONAL { ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel . FILTER(LANG(?versionLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE(?pub, "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) ?version

Results (summary):
- The query returned 346 rows (version identifiers) for MediaWiki.
- The results are ordered by publication date (unknown dates are placed last by using a far-future default in the ORDER BY).
- Earliest dated example from the results: version "1.1.0" with publication date 2003-12-08T00:00:00Z.
- Latest dated examples observed: versions such as "1.42.5" with publication date 2025-02-03T00:00:00Z (the result set includes many recent releases up to 2025 as captured on Wikidata).

Notes and interpretation:
- Many P348 values are simple literals (e.g., "1.1.0"); some version values may be items (IRIs) in which case the query attempts to return an English rdfs:label for that item in ?versionLabel.
- Publication dates (when present) are provided as qualifiers pq:P577 on the P348 statement and returned in ?pub as xsd:dateTime values.
- If you want the full ordered list, you can run the SPARQL query above against Wikidata; it will return all version identifiers and associated publication dates in chronological order.

If you want, I can: (a) return the full table as CSV/JSON here, (b) filter to a particular date range, or (c) show only versions that have publication dates. Which would you prefer?

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?versionLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE ( ?pub , "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z" ^^ xsd:dateTime ) ?version

Using entities:
- MediaWiki (wd:Q83), also known as Mediawiki, Media Wiki, mw, MW: is instance of free software / is instance of wiki software / free and open-source wiki software, developed by the Wikimedia Foundation / wiki software

Using properties:
- software version identifier (wd:P348 as p/ps), also known as application release identifier, application release number, application update, application update identifier, application update number, etc.: is subproperty of edition number / is subproperty of edition / is subproperty of has edition or translation / numeric or nominal identifier of a version of a software program or file format, current or past / numeric or nominal identifier of a version of a software program or file format, current or past / numeric or symbolic identifier(s) of versions of a software or file format, current and past
- publication date (wd:P577 as pq), also known as air date, airdate, be published during, be published in, broadcast date, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time a work is first published or released / date or point in time when a work was first published or released

Execution result:
Got 346 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| version | versionLabel | pub                                 |
| ------- | ------------ | ----------------------------------- |
| 1.1.0   |              | 2003-12-08T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.2.0   |              | 2004-03-24T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.2.1   |              | 2004-03-27T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.2.2   |              | 2004-03-28T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.2.3   |              | 2004-04-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...     | ...          | ...                                 |
| 1.39.11 |              | 2024-12-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.41.5  |              | 2024-12-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.42.4  |              | 2024-12-20T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.43.0  |              | 2024-12-21T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| 1.42.5  |              | 2025-02-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What are the software version identifiers for the wiki software named "MediaWiki," and their publication dates if available? Order by publication date.

[Assistant]
Step 1: I'll search Wikidata for the MediaWiki item to get its Q-id. I'll use search_entity constrained to "MediaWiki".

Question: MediaWiki

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. MediaWiki (wd:Q83), also known as Mediawiki, Media Wiki, mw, MW: free and open-source wiki software, developed by the Wikimedia Foundation / is instance of free software / is instance of wiki software / wiki software
2. MediaWiki wikitext (wd:Q42416093, matched via MediaWiki), also known as MediaWiki, MediaWiki markup, Wikitext: is instance of MediaWiki content model / is subclass of MediaWiki content / is instance of markup language / is subclass of MediaWiki page / markup language of MediaWiki / is instance of wiki markup / is instance of file format
3. MediaWiki.org (wd:Q15633578, matched via MediaWiki), also known as MediaWiki, mediawiki.org, mediawikiwiki, mediawikiwiki:, mw, etc.: site for the documentation of the MediaWiki software / is instance of wiki with script conversion / is instance of Wikimedia special project / is instance of MediaWiki website / is instance of official website / is instance of MediaWiki wiki
4. MediaWiki (wd:Q110820759): Discord server focused on MediaWiki / is instance of Discord server
5. MediaWiki (wd:Q24248534), also known as MediaWiki book: is instance of literary work / O'Reilly book
6. MediaWiki interface page (wd:Q35250433, matched via MediaWiki:), also known as interface page, MediaWiki:, MediaWiki page: is subclass of MediaWiki non-main namespace page / is subclass of MediaWiki configuration setting / wiki page in the “MediaWiki:” namespace / is subclass of Wikimedia internal item
7. mediawiki (wd:Q65922370), also known as mediawiki_rust: Rust crate to access the API of MediaWiki installations / is instance of free software
8. MediaWiki interface namespace (wd:Q6535237, matched via MediaWiki:), also known as MediaWiki:, MediaWiki namespace, ns=8: less known namespace “MediaWiki:” that can be edited by sysops only, containing interface pages (ns=8) / is instance of MediaWiki non-main namespace / is instance of MediaWiki default namespace / is instance of namespace on MediaWiki
9. Wikimedia template (wd:Q11266439, matched via MediaWiki template), also known as MediaWiki template, ns:10, template, template page, Wikibooks template, etc.: type of page in the Wikimedia system. Use with P31 'instance of' for template pages / is subclass of MediaWiki non-main namespace page / is subclass of Wikimedia internal item
10. Semantic MediaWiki (wd:Q20728), also known as semantic-media-wiki, SemanticMediaWiki, Semantic MW, SemanticMW, SMW: software for creating, managing and sharing structured data in MediaWiki / is instance of knowledge management software / is instance of MediaWiki extension / is instance of free software

[Assistant]
Step 2: I'll search for the property used for software versions (e.g., "version", commonly P348). I'll search properties for "version".

Question: version

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. software version identifier (wd:P348 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via version), also known as application release identifier, application release number, application update, application update identifier, application update number, etc.: numeric or nominal identifier of a version of a software program or file format, current or past / numeric or nominal identifier of a version of a software program or file format, current or past / numeric or symbolic identifier(s) of versions of a software or file format, current and past / is subproperty of has edition or translation / is subproperty of edition number / is subproperty of edition
2. edition/version (wd:P9767 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via version), also known as designation of edition, designation of version, edition, edition designation, edition or version, etc.: the official edition or version name of a resource; this name is not considered part of the title or subtitle of the resource
3. has edition or translation (wd:P747 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via version), also known as arranged as, arrangement, edition, edition or translation, editions, etc.: item that is an edition or translation of this item
4. modified version of (wd:P5059 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via version of), also known as adaptation of, arrangement of, fork of, modification of, revised version of, etc.: indicates the work or one of its versions which served as a ... or arrangement resulting in the given version of the work / is subproperty of based on
5. edition or translation of (wd:P629 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via version of), also known as edition of, edition, version, or translation of, is an edition of, is an edition or translation of, is a translation of, etc.: is an edition or translation of this entity / is an edition or translation of this entity / is an edition or translation of this entity
6. version type (wd:P548 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as release channel, release type, software version type, P548: type of version (qualifier for P348, software version), e.g. alpha, beta, stable / is subproperty of object of statement has role
7. edition number (wd:P393 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via version number), also known as number of event, software version number, version number, P393: number of this edition (first, second, ... as 1, 2, ...) of a book or event / number of an edition (first, second, ... as 1, 2, ...) or event / is subproperty of series ordinal
8. alternative name (wd:P4970 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via variant), also known as AKA, also known as, alternate name, alt. name, be known as, etc.: qualifier for alternative name(s), given for a subject in a ... in references (even these are no longer the preferred name) / qualifier for alternative names given for a subject in a database entry / qualifier for alternate names given for a subject in a database entry
9. subclass of (wd:P279 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via variant of), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.: this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances ... of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain
10. line(s) (wd:P7421 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via verse), also known as line, lines, verse, verse(s), verses, etc.: line number(s) of reference for claim

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query that fetches all software version identifiers (P348) stated for MediaWiki (the item discovered as wd:Q83), along with any publication date qualifiers (pq:P577). I will also retrieve English labels for version items when the version is an item. I will order by publication date (unknown dates placed last). Now I'll execute the query.

execute

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub . }
  OPTIONAL { ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel . FILTER(LANG(?versionLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE(?pub, "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) ?version

[Assistant]
I will finalize with the SPARQL I executed and a concise summary of the results (number of versions returned, example earliest and latest entries, and how to get the full ordered list).

answer

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub . }
  OPTIONAL { ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel . FILTER(LANG(?versionLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE(?pub, "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) ?version

Answer:
Summary of process and results:

- I located the MediaWiki item on Wikidata as wd:Q83 and the property used for software version identifiers as P348 (software version identifier).
- I ran a SPARQL query that lists all P348 values for wd:Q83 together with any publication date qualifiers (pq:P577), and attempts to fetch an English label for the version when the version value is itself an item.

The executed SPARQL query (exact):

PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?version ?versionLabel ?pub WHERE {
  wd:Q83 p:P348 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P348 ?version .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P577 ?pub . }
  OPTIONAL { ?version rdfs:label ?versionLabel . FILTER(LANG(?versionLabel) = "en") }
}
ORDER BY COALESCE(?pub, "9999-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) ?version

Results (summary):
- The query returned 346 rows (version identifiers) for MediaWiki.
- The results are ordered by publication date (unknown dates are placed last by using a far-future default in the ORDER BY).
- Earliest dated example from the results: version "1.1.0" with publication date 2003-12-08T00:00:00Z.
- Latest dated examples observed: versions such as "1.42.5" with publication date 2025-02-03T00:00:00Z (the result set includes many recent releases up to 2025 as captured on Wikidata).

Notes and interpretation:
- Many P348 values are simple literals (e.g., "1.1.0"); some version values may be items (IRIs) in which case the query attempts to return an English rdfs:label for that item in ?versionLabel.
- Publication dates (when present) are provided as qualifiers pq:P577 on the P348 statement and returned in ?pub as xsd:dateTime values.
- If you want the full ordered list, you can run the SPARQL query above against Wikidata; it will return all version identifiers and associated publication dates in chronological order.

If you want, I can: (a) return the full table as CSV/JSON here, (b) filter to a particular date range, or (c) show only versions that have publication dates. Which would you prefer?


PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?colorLabel ; separator = ", " ) AS ?colors ) WHERE {
  ?lighthouse wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q39715 .
  ?lighthouse wdt:P131 * wd:Q504676 .
  ?lighthouse rdfs:label ?lighthouseLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?lighthouseLabel ) = "en" ) OPTIONAL {
    ?lighthouse wdt:P462 ?color .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabelEn FILTER ( LANG( ?colorLabelEn ) = "en" )
    }
    BIND( COALESCE ( ?colorLabelEn , STR( ?color ) ) AS ?colorLabel )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel
ORDER BY ?lighthouseLabel

Using entities:
- lighthouse (wd:Q39715), also known as light house, light houses, lighthouses, LtHo: is subclass of lit beacon / is subclass of signal tower / structure designed to emit light to aid navigation
- Norrköping Municipality (wd:Q504676), also known as Norrköpings kommun: is instance of municipality of Sweden / municipality in Östergötland County, Sweden

Using properties:
- located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.: is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity.
- subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.: this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances ... of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- color (wd:P462 as wdt), also known as colors, colour, colours, dye, has color, etc.: color of subject / colour of subject / colour of subject

Got 41 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lighthouse                                 | lighthouseLabel                       | colors                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Arkö lower light (wd:Q43977668)            | Arkö lower light (lang:en)            | white, red (lang:en)       |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | white, red, grey (lang:en) |
| Björnö lower light (wd:Q110422649)         | Björnö lower light (lang:en)          |                            |
| Björnö upper light (wd:Q110422650)         | Björnö upper light (lang:en)          |                            |
| Ettersundet West lighthouse (wd:Q43949673) | Ettersundet West lighthouse (lang:en) | green, white (lang:en)     |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                        |
| Rossviken lower light (wd:Q110888956)      | Rossviken lower light (lang:en)       |                            |
| Rossviken upper light (wd:Q110888957)      | Rossviken upper light (lang:en)       |                            |
| Stora Juten lighthouse (wd:Q40123739)      | Stora Juten lighthouse (lang:en)      | red, white (lang:en)       |
| Stora Juten West lighthouse (wd:Q44706324) | Stora Juten West lighthouse (lang:en) |                            |
| Viskär lighthouse (wd:Q30306562)           | Viskär lighthouse (lang:en)           | white, red (lang:en)       |

Answer:
I ran the query and found 41 lighthouses in Norrkf6ping Municipality (Baltic coast). Of those, 28 have color (P462) recorded in Wikidata. Examples (name — colors):
- Arkf6 lower light — red, white
- Arkf6 upper light — grey, red, white
- Ettersundet West lighthouse — green, white
- Fle4skf6 lighthouse — white, red
- Karlsro beacon — green
- Marf6 upper light — orange, white
- Ramsholmen lower light — yellow, red, white
- Ramsholmen upper light — white, red, yellow
- Stora Juten lighthouse — white, red
- Viske4r lighthouse — red, white

The SPARQL I used is included above; it returns the lighthouse IRIs and English labels plus a comma-separated list of colors (if any). If you want, I can now:
- paste the full list of all 41 lighthouses and their colors (including the 13 with no color data), or
- return the results in CSV/TSV format, or
- expand the query to also show light characteristics (P1030), coordinates (P625), or link to each Wikidata item.
Which would you prefer?

I ran the query and found 41 lighthouses in Norrkf6ping Municipality (Baltic coast). Of those, 28 have color (P462) recorded in Wikidata. Examples (name — colors):
- Arkf6 lower light — red, white
- Arkf6 upper light — grey, red, white
- Ettersundet West lighthouse — green, white
- Fle4skf6 lighthouse — white, red
- Karlsro beacon — green
- Marf6 upper light — orange, white
- Ramsholmen lower light — yellow, red, white
- Ramsholmen upper light — white, red, yellow
- Stora Juten lighthouse — white, red
- Viske4r lighthouse — red, white

The SPARQL I used is included above; it returns the lighthouse IRIs and English labels plus a comma-separated list of colors (if any). If you want, I can now:
- paste the full list of all 41 lighthouses and their colors (including the 13 with no color data), or
- return the results in CSV/TSV format, or
- expand the query to also show light characteristics (P1030), coordinates (P625), or link to each Wikidata item.
Which would you prefer?

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel ( GROUP_CONCAT( DISTINCT ?colorLabel ; separator = ", " ) AS ?colors ) WHERE {
  ?lighthouse wdt:P31 / wdt:P279 * wd:Q39715 .
  ?lighthouse wdt:P131 * wd:Q504676 .
  ?lighthouse rdfs:label ?lighthouseLabel .
  FILTER ( LANG( ?lighthouseLabel ) = "en" ) OPTIONAL {
    ?lighthouse wdt:P462 ?color .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabelEn FILTER ( LANG( ?colorLabelEn ) = "en" )
    }
    BIND( COALESCE ( ?colorLabelEn , STR( ?color ) ) AS ?colorLabel )
  }
}
GROUP BY ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel
ORDER BY ?lighthouseLabel

Using entities:
- lighthouse (wd:Q39715), also known as light house, light houses, lighthouses, LtHo: is subclass of lit beacon / is subclass of signal tower / structure designed to emit light to aid navigation
- Norrköping Municipality (wd:Q504676), also known as Norrköpings kommun: is instance of municipality of Sweden / municipality in Östergötland County, Sweden

Using properties:
- located in the administrative territorial entity (wd:P131 as wdt), also known as administrative territorial entity, administrative territory, city, happens in, in, etc.: is subproperty of location / is subproperty of part of / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following administrative entity / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity. / the item is located on the territory of the following ... the item falls only partially into the administrative entity.
- subclass of (wd:P279 as wdt), also known as all members of this class also belong to, category of, form of, has superclass, is a class of, etc.: this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; ALL instances ... of volcanic landform); Everest is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain / this item is a subclass (subset) of that item; all instances ... instance of volcanic landform); K2 is an instance of mountain
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- color (wd:P462 as wdt), also known as colors, colour, colours, dye, has color, etc.: color of subject / colour of subject / colour of subject

Execution result:
Got 41 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lighthouse                                 | lighthouseLabel                       | colors                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Arkö lower light (wd:Q43977668)            | Arkö lower light (lang:en)            | white, red (lang:en)       |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | white, red, grey (lang:en) |
| Björnö lower light (wd:Q110422649)         | Björnö lower light (lang:en)          |                            |
| Björnö upper light (wd:Q110422650)         | Björnö upper light (lang:en)          |                            |
| Ettersundet West lighthouse (wd:Q43949673) | Ettersundet West lighthouse (lang:en) | green, white (lang:en)     |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                        |
| Rossviken lower light (wd:Q110888956)      | Rossviken lower light (lang:en)       |                            |
| Rossviken upper light (wd:Q110888957)      | Rossviken upper light (lang:en)       |                            |
| Stora Juten lighthouse (wd:Q40123739)      | Stora Juten lighthouse (lang:en)      | red, white (lang:en)       |
| Stora Juten West lighthouse (wd:Q44706324) | Stora Juten West lighthouse (lang:en) |                            |
| Viskär lighthouse (wd:Q30306562)           | Viskär lighthouse (lang:en)           | white, red (lang:en)       |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What are the lighthouses and their colors in Norrköping Municipality, Baltic coast?

[Assistant]
Step 1: I'll search for the municipality "Norrköping Municipality" in Wikidata to get its QID. Then I'll search for the concept "lighthouse" to confirm the class/item used in Wikidata. I'll explain each step and run searches.

Question: Norrköping Municipality

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Norrköping Municipality (wd:Q504676), also known as Norrköpings kommun: municipality in Östergötland County, Sweden / is instance of municipality of Sweden
2. Shanghai (wd:Q8686, matched via Shanghai Municipality), also known as Hu, Municipality of Shanghai, Pearl of the Orient, Shanghae, Shang-hai, etc.: is instance of Economic and Technological Development Zones / is instance of direct-administered municipality / provincial-level municipality in China / is instance of national central city / is instance of largest city / is instance of global city / is instance of Metropolis / is instance of metropolis / is instance of port city / is instance of megacity / is instance of big city
3. City of Brussels (wd:Q239, matched via Brussels (municipality)), also known as 02, Bru, Brussel, Brussels, Brussels, Belgium, etc.: municipality and capital city of Belgium / is instance of municipality of Belgium / is instance of federal capital / is instance of European City / is instance of big city
4. Florence (wd:Q2044, matched via Florence Municipality), also known as Firenze, Florence, Italy, Florence Municipality, Florence, Tuscany: Italian city and commune, located in Tuscany / is instance of Italian city-state / is instance of commune of Italy / is instance of big city / Italian comune / Italian comune
5. Tampere (wd:Q40840, matched via Tampere (municipality)), also known as Tammerfors, Tampere (municipality): city in the region of Pirkanmaa in Finland / city in the region of Pirkanmaa in Finland / is instance of municipality of Finland / is instance of city
6. Tianjin (wd:Q11736, matched via Tianjin Municipality), also known as Municipality of Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, Tien-tsin, Tientsin: is instance of Economic and Technological Development Zones / is instance of direct-administered municipality / is instance of national central city / is instance of port city / is instance of megacity / is instance of big city / municipality of China / is instance of city
7. Zaragoza (wd:Q10305, matched via Zaragoza Municipality), also known as Saragossa, Zaragoza Municipality: municipality in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain / is instance of municipality of Spain
8. Chongqing (wd:Q11725, matched via Chongqing Municipality), also known as Chongqing Municipality, Chunking: is instance of direct-administered municipality / municipality of China
9. Córdoba (wd:Q5818, matched via Cordova municipality), also known as Cordoba, Cordova, Cordova municipality, Municipality of Cordova: municipality in the province of Córdoba, Spain / is instance of municipality of Spain / city in Andalusia, southern Spain
10. Porto (wd:Q36433, matched via Porto Municipality), also known as Oporto, Porto Municipality: is instance of municipality of Portugal / municipality and city in Portugal / is instance of city of Portugal / is instance of big city

[Assistant]
Now I'll search for the Wikidata item for "lighthouse" to confirm its QID.

Question: lighthouse

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. lighthouse (wd:Q39715), also known as light house, light houses, lighthouses, LtHo: structure designed to emit light to aid navigation / is subclass of signal tower / is subclass of lit beacon
2. The Lighthouse (wd:Q55402791, matched via Lighthouse), also known as Lighthouse, the lighthouse: 2019 film directed by Robert Eggers / is instance of film
3. Lighthouse (wd:Q23016854): 2016 single by Nina Kraljić / is instance of single
4. The Lighthouse (wd:Q3415783, matched via Lighthouse), also known as El faro, Lighthouse, The Southern Lighthouse: 1998 film by Eduardo Mignogna / is instance of film
5. Lighthouse (wd:Q6546310): is instance of musical group / Canadian rock band
6. Lighthouse (wd:Q6546023): is instance of skyscraper / skyscraper in Denmark
7. Lighthouse (wd:Q1319512): is instance of television series episode / episode of Lost (S6 E5)
8. Lighthouse (wd:Q26720858): album by David Crosby / is instance of album
9. Lighthouse (wd:Q4157665): is instance of film / 1999 film
10. Lighthouse (wd:Q4042888): 2011 single by Westlife / is instance of single

[Assistant]
I'll search for properties related to "color", "marking", and "stripe" to find how lighthouse colors are recorded in Wikidata. I'll try "marking" and "colour".

Question: marking

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. logo image (wd:P154 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via mark), also known as insignia, logo, logomark, mark, marque, etc.: graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organisations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and products / is subproperty of icon
2. protective marking (wd:P10129 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via document marking), also known as classification, confidentiality, document classification, document marking, information classification, etc.: label applied to an intellectual work to indicate how the ... handled, particularly from a security or privacy perspective
3. commemorates (wd:P547 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via marks), also known as anniversary of, birthday of, celebrates, commemorandum, honors, etc.: what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates / what the place, monument, memorial, or holiday, commemorates / what the place, monument, memorial, holiday, commemorates / is subproperty of main subject
4. identified in image by (wd:P7380 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via marked as), also known as depicted with identifier, legend for number, lettered as, letter in image, marked as, etc.: qualifier for the identification of a value/object with a number, letter or sign inscribed in the image
5. number of tries marked (wd:P9927 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via marked tries), also known as marked tries, marked tries number, marked tries total, P9927: number of tries marked during a rugby competition
6. tempo marking (wd:P1558 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as musical tempo, tempo, P1558: qualitative indication about the speed or pace of a given musical piece (use P1725 for numerical tempo markings)
7. end grade (wd:P7095 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via grade to), also known as grade to, P7095: highest educational year (aka grade) taught by this institution
8. reporting mark (wd:P1471 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as P1471: reporting mark for railroads in North America
9. language style (wd:P6191 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via label), also known as archaic, childish, context, dated, form register, etc.: to denote of the way a sense of a word is used, e.g., slang, vulgarism, babytalk, colloquialism, etc.
10. name (wd:P2561 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via label), also known as aka, also known as, be known as, be referred as, known as, etc.: name the subject is known by; preferably use a more specific subproperty if available

[Assistant]
I'll search for properties that are used on lighthouse items to record colors or markings. I'll try searching for "lighthouse color", "lighthouse marking", and "markings".

Question: lighthouse color

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. lighthouse range (wd:P2929 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via range of lighthouse light), also known as range of lighthouse light, P2929: the distance at which the light can be seen. If the light has ... ranges, one for each colour. Use qualifier "colour" (P462) / the distance at which the light can be seen. If the light has ... ranges, one for each color. Use qualifier "color" (P462)
2. light characteristic (wd:P1030 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via light characteristic of lighthouse), also known as characteristic of light, class of light, light characteristic of lighthouse, P1030: description of a navigational light sequence or colour displayed on a nautical chart. Explicitly state white light (W) / description of a navigational light sequence or colour displayed on a nautical chart. Explicitly state white light (W)
3. MarineTraffic Lighthouse ID (wd:P3601 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via Lighthouse ID), also known as Lighthouse ID, P3601: identifier of a lighthouse or light beacon in the MarineTraffic database / identifier of a lighthouse or light beacon in the MarineTraffic database
4. color (wd:P462 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via of the color), also known as colors, colour, colours, dye, has color, etc.: colour of subject / colour of subject / color of subject
5. ARLHS lighthouse ID (wd:P2980 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as ARLHS ID, ARLHS WLOL ID, ARLHS World List of Lights ID, Ndepụta ụwa nke ọkụ ID, World List of Lights ID, etc.: identifier on the ARLHS World List of Lights / identifier on the ARLHS World List of Lights / identifier on the ARLHS World List of Lights
6. Portuguese lighthouse ID (wd:P4423 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via Portuguese lighthouse identifier), also known as Portugal number, Portuguese lighthouse identifier, P4423: national number of a lighthouse in Portugal
7. NGA lighthouse ID (wd:P3563 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as NGA id, P3563: identifier of a lighthouse in the USA's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency database / identifier of a lighthouse in the USA's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency database / identifier of a lighthouse in the USA's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency database
8. Norwegian List of Lights ID (wd:P4055 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via Norway lighthouse ID), also known as Norway lighthouse ID, P4055: identifier of lighthouses and beacons in the Norwegian List of Lights issued by the Norwegian Coastal Administration
9. fruit color (wd:P11220 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as color of fruit, fruit colour, has fruit color, P11220: color of the fruit of a plant species, hybrid, or cultivar / is subproperty of colour / is subproperty of color
10. USCG lighthouse ID (wd:P3723 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as USCG ID, P3723: іdentifier for lighthouses in the USA by the US Coast Guard / іdentifier for lighthouses in the USA by the US Coast Guard / іdentifier for lighthouses in the USA by the US Coast Guard

[Assistant]
I'll look up the Wikidata item for "Baltic Sea" to see how to filter lighthouses that are on the Baltic coast if needed.

Question: Baltic Sea

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Baltic Sea (wd:Q545), also known as Baltic, Baltick Sea, East Sea, the Baltic: is instance of mediterranean sea / body of water in Northern Europe / is instance of marginal sea / is instance of inland sea / sea in Northern Europe / sea in Northern Europe
2. The Diver (wd:Q10478006, matched via Baltic Sea), also known as Baltic Sea, Divers, Dykaren: 2000 film by Erik Gustavson / is instance of film
3. Baltic Sea (wd:Q83600854), also known as Guadalupe, IMO 9330941: is instance of ship / ship built in 2005
4. Baltic Sea (wd:Q83647454), also known as IMO 6412621: is instance of ship / ship built in 1964
5. Baltic Sea (wd:Q130477691): painting by Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Leopold-Hoesch-Museum / is instance of painting
6. Baltic Sea (wd:Q122707650), also known as IMO 7224447: is instance of ship / ship built in 1974
7. Baltic Sea (wd:Q122708555), also known as IMO 7305760: is instance of ship / ship built in 1973
8. Baltic Sea (wd:Q92408078): is instance of print / print by Esko Railo
9. Finnic (wd:Q33328, matched via Baltic Sea Fennic), also known as Baltic Fennic, Baltic Fennic languages, Baltic Finnic, Baltic Finnic languages, Baltic Sea Fennic, etc.: language family of north-eastern Europe / language family of north-eastern Europe / is instance of language family / is subclass of Finno-Samic
10. Baltic region (wd:Q579938, matched via Baltic Sea region), also known as Baltic Sea region: geographic region in Northern Europe / is instance of geographical region / is instance of geographic region

[Assistant]
I will run a SPARQL query that finds items that are instances (or instances of subclasses) of "lighthouse" (wd:Q39715) and that are located in Norrköping Municipality (wd:Q504676) via P131*. For each lighthouse I will retrieve its English label, color (P462) — resolving item labels or literals — and light characteristic (P1030) as an additional description. I'll execute the query and inspect results.

execute

SELECT DISTINCT ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel ?colorLabel ?lightCharacteristic WHERE {
  ?lighthouse wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39715 .
  ?lighthouse wdt:P131* wd:Q504676 .
  ?lighthouse rdfs:label ?lighthouseLabel . FILTER(LANG(?lighthouseLabel)="en")
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lighthouse wdt:P462 ?color .
    OPTIONAL { ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabelEn FILTER(LANG(?colorLabelEn)="en") }
    BIND(COALESCE(?colorLabelEn, STR(?color)) AS ?colorLabel)
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lighthouse wdt:P1030 ?lightCharacteristic . FILTER(LANG(?lightCharacteristic)="en")
  }
}
ORDER BY ?lighthouseLabel

Got 59 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lighthouse                                 | lighthouseLabel                       | colorLabel      | lightCharacteristic |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------- |
| Arkö lower light (wd:Q43977668)            | Arkö lower light (lang:en)            | white (lang:en) |                     |
| Arkö lower light (wd:Q43977668)            | Arkö lower light (lang:en)            | red (lang:en)   |                     |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | white (lang:en) |                     |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | red (lang:en)   |                     |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | grey (lang:en)  |                     |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...             | ...                 |
| Stora Juten lighthouse (wd:Q40123739)      | Stora Juten lighthouse (lang:en)      | red (lang:en)   |                     |
| Stora Juten lighthouse (wd:Q40123739)      | Stora Juten lighthouse (lang:en)      | white (lang:en) |                     |
| Stora Juten West lighthouse (wd:Q44706324) | Stora Juten West lighthouse (lang:en) |                 |                     |
| Viskär lighthouse (wd:Q30306562)           | Viskär lighthouse (lang:en)           | red (lang:en)   |                     |
| Viskär lighthouse (wd:Q30306562)           | Viskär lighthouse (lang:en)           | white (lang:en) |                     |

[Assistant]
I'll run a grouped query that returns each lighthouse (with its QID and English label) and a comma-separated list of its color values (resolving item labels or literal color strings).

SELECT ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel (GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?colorLabel; separator=", ") AS ?colors) WHERE {
  ?lighthouse wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39715 .
  ?lighthouse wdt:P131* wd:Q504676 .
  ?lighthouse rdfs:label ?lighthouseLabel . FILTER(LANG(?lighthouseLabel)="en")
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lighthouse wdt:P462 ?color .
    OPTIONAL { ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabelEn FILTER(LANG(?colorLabelEn)="en") }
    BIND(COALESCE(?colorLabelEn, STR(?color)) AS ?colorLabel)
  }
}
GROUP BY ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel
ORDER BY ?lighthouseLabel

Got 41 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lighthouse                                 | lighthouseLabel                       | colors                     |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| Arkö lower light (wd:Q43977668)            | Arkö lower light (lang:en)            | white, red (lang:en)       |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | white, red, grey (lang:en) |
| Björnö lower light (wd:Q110422649)         | Björnö lower light (lang:en)          |                            |
| Björnö upper light (wd:Q110422650)         | Björnö upper light (lang:en)          |                            |
| Ettersundet West lighthouse (wd:Q43949673) | Ettersundet West lighthouse (lang:en) | green, white (lang:en)     |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                        |
| Rossviken lower light (wd:Q110888956)      | Rossviken lower light (lang:en)       |                            |
| Rossviken upper light (wd:Q110888957)      | Rossviken upper light (lang:en)       |                            |
| Stora Juten lighthouse (wd:Q40123739)      | Stora Juten lighthouse (lang:en)      | red, white (lang:en)       |
| Stora Juten West lighthouse (wd:Q44706324) | Stora Juten West lighthouse (lang:en) |                            |
| Viskär lighthouse (wd:Q30306562)           | Viskär lighthouse (lang:en)           | white, red (lang:en)       |

[Assistant]
I'll run a filtered query that returns only lighthouses in Norrköping Municipality that have color (P462) recorded, so I can list those names and colors more concisely.

SELECT ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel (GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?colorLabel; separator=", ") AS ?colors) WHERE {
  ?lighthouse wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39715 .
  ?lighthouse wdt:P131* wd:Q504676 .
  ?lighthouse rdfs:label ?lighthouseLabel . FILTER(LANG(?lighthouseLabel)="en")
  ?lighthouse wdt:P462 ?color .
  OPTIONAL { ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabelEn FILTER(LANG(?colorLabelEn)="en") }
  BIND(COALESCE(?colorLabelEn, STR(?color)) AS ?colorLabel)
}
GROUP BY ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel
ORDER BY ?lighthouseLabel

Got 28 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| lighthouse                                 | lighthouseLabel                       | colors                       |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Arkö lower light (wd:Q43977668)            | Arkö lower light (lang:en)            | red, white (lang:en)         |
| Arkö upper light (wd:Q44002401)            | Arkö upper light (lang:en)            | grey, red, white (lang:en)   |
| Ettersundet West lighthouse (wd:Q43949673) | Ettersundet West lighthouse (lang:en) | green, white (lang:en)       |
| Fläskö lighthouse (wd:Q44253915)           | Fläskö lighthouse (lang:en)           | white, red (lang:en)         |
| Karlsro beacon (wd:Q109498004)             | Karlsro beacon (lang:en)              | green (lang:en)              |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                          |
| Marö upper light (wd:Q40207276)            | Marö upper light (lang:en)            | orange, white (lang:en)      |
| Ramsholmen lower light (wd:Q44252116)      | Ramsholmen lower light (lang:en)      | yellow, red, white (lang:en) |
| Ramsholmen upper light (wd:Q44252505)      | Ramsholmen upper light (lang:en)      | white, red, yellow (lang:en) |
| Stora Juten lighthouse (wd:Q40123739)      | Stora Juten lighthouse (lang:en)      | white, red (lang:en)         |
| Viskär lighthouse (wd:Q30306562)           | Viskär lighthouse (lang:en)           | red, white (lang:en)         |

[Assistant]
answer

SELECT ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel (GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?colorLabel; separator=", ") AS ?colors) WHERE {
  ?lighthouse wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q39715 .
  ?lighthouse wdt:P131* wd:Q504676 .
  ?lighthouse rdfs:label ?lighthouseLabel . FILTER(LANG(?lighthouseLabel)="en")
  OPTIONAL {
    ?lighthouse wdt:P462 ?color .
    OPTIONAL { ?color rdfs:label ?colorLabelEn FILTER(LANG(?colorLabelEn)="en") }
    BIND(COALESCE(?colorLabelEn, STR(?color)) AS ?colorLabel)
  }
}
GROUP BY ?lighthouse ?lighthouseLabel
ORDER BY ?lighthouseLabel

Answer:
I ran the query and found 41 lighthouses in Norrkf6ping Municipality (Baltic coast). Of those, 28 have color (P462) recorded in Wikidata. Examples (name — colors):
- Arkf6 lower light — red, white
- Arkf6 upper light — grey, red, white
- Ettersundet West lighthouse — green, white
- Fle4skf6 lighthouse — white, red
- Karlsro beacon — green
- Marf6 upper light — orange, white
- Ramsholmen lower light — yellow, red, white
- Ramsholmen upper light — white, red, yellow
- Stora Juten lighthouse — white, red
- Viske4r lighthouse — red, white

The SPARQL I used is included above; it returns the lighthouse IRIs and English labels plus a comma-separated list of colors (if any). If you want, I can now:
- paste the full list of all 41 lighthouses and their colors (including the 13 with no color data), or
- return the results in CSV/TSV format, or
- expand the query to also show light characteristics (P1030), coordinates (P625), or link to each Wikidata item.
Which would you prefer?