PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?star ?starLabel ( MIN( xsd:decimal ( ?mag0 ) ) AS ?mag ) WHERE {
  ?star wdt:P59 wd:Q10578 ; wdt:P1215 ?mag0 ; wdt:P31 wd:Q523 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?star rdfs:label ?starLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?starLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER ( xsd:decimal ( ?mag0 ) < 6 )
}
GROUP BY ?star ?starLabel
ORDER BY ?mag
LIMIT 10

Using entities:
- Hydra (wd:Q10578), also known as Hya, Hydrae: is instance of constellation / constellation straddling the celestial equator
- star (wd:Q523), also known as celestial star, celestial stars, stars, the stars: is instance of astronomical object type / is subclass of fusor / is subclass of light source / is subclass of astronomical object / astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity / sphere of plasma held together by gravity, undergoing fusion

Using properties:
- apparent magnitude (wd:P1215 as wdt), also known as P1215: measurement of the brightness of an astronomic object, as seen from the Earth
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- constellation (wd:P59 as wdt), also known as part of constellation, P59: is subproperty of part of / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one)

Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| star                          | starLabel                 | mag                 |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------- |
| wd:Q10847397                  |                           | 3.231 (xsd:decimal) |
| Epsilon Hydrae (wd:Q1028788)  | Epsilon Hydrae (lang:en)  | 3.38 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Theta Hydrae (wd:Q1029146)    | Theta Hydrae (lang:en)    | 3.455 (xsd:decimal) |
| wd:Q77536727                  |                           | 3.515 (xsd:decimal) |
| Lambda Hydrae (wd:Q1028353)   | Lambda Hydrae (lang:en)   | 3.61 (xsd:decimal)  |
| wd:Q86041518                  |                           | 3.76 (xsd:decimal)  |
| wd:Q93895669                  |                           | 3.97 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Upsilon1 Hydrae (wd:Q5175375) | Upsilon1 Hydrae (lang:en) | 4.11 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Delta Hydrae (wd:Q3021924)    | Delta Hydrae (lang:en)    | 4.131 (xsd:decimal) |
| wd:Q87085441                  |                           | 4.224 (xsd:decimal) |

Answer:
Results (ordered by ascending apparent magnitude, limited to 10):

1) wd:Q10847397 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.231
2) wd:Q1028788 — Epsilon Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.38
3) wd:Q1029146 — Theta Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.455
4) wd:Q77536727 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.515
5) wd:Q1028353 — Lambda Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.61
6) wd:Q86041518 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.76
7) wd:Q93895669 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.97
8) wd:Q5175375 — Upsilon1 Hydrae — apparent magnitude 4.11
9) wd:Q3021924 — Delta Hydrae — apparent magnitude 4.131
10) wd:Q87085441 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 4.224

Notes:
- The query returns item IRIs (star identifiers) and their English labels when available. Several returned items did not have an English rdfs:label in the dataset, so only the Q-id is shown for them.
- Where multiple apparent-magnitude statements existed for a star, the query used the minimum reported magnitude per star (i.e., the brightest reported value) to avoid duplicate rows.
- The query was limited to 10 results as requested.

Results (ordered by ascending apparent magnitude, limited to 10):

1) wd:Q10847397 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.231
2) wd:Q1028788 — Epsilon Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.38
3) wd:Q1029146 — Theta Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.455
4) wd:Q77536727 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.515
5) wd:Q1028353 — Lambda Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.61
6) wd:Q86041518 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.76
7) wd:Q93895669 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.97
8) wd:Q5175375 — Upsilon1 Hydrae — apparent magnitude 4.11
9) wd:Q3021924 — Delta Hydrae — apparent magnitude 4.131
10) wd:Q87085441 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 4.224

Notes:
- The query returns item IRIs (star identifiers) and their English labels when available. Several returned items did not have an English rdfs:label in the dataset, so only the Q-id is shown for them.
- Where multiple apparent-magnitude statements existed for a star, the query used the minimum reported magnitude per star (i.e., the brightest reported value) to avoid duplicate rows.
- The query was limited to 10 results as requested.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
SELECT ?star ?starLabel ( MIN( xsd:decimal ( ?mag0 ) ) AS ?mag ) WHERE {
  ?star wdt:P59 wd:Q10578 ; wdt:P1215 ?mag0 ; wdt:P31 wd:Q523 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?star rdfs:label ?starLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?starLabel ) = "en" )
  }
  FILTER ( xsd:decimal ( ?mag0 ) < 6 )
}
GROUP BY ?star ?starLabel
ORDER BY ?mag
LIMIT 10

Using entities:
- Hydra (wd:Q10578), also known as Hya, Hydrae: is instance of constellation / constellation straddling the celestial equator
- star (wd:Q523), also known as celestial star, celestial stars, stars, the stars: is instance of astronomical object type / is subclass of fusor / is subclass of light source / is subclass of astronomical object / astronomical object consisting of a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by its own gravity / sphere of plasma held together by gravity, undergoing fusion

Using properties:
- apparent magnitude (wd:P1215 as wdt), also known as P1215: measurement of the brightness of an astronomic object, as seen from the Earth
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- constellation (wd:P59 as wdt), also known as part of constellation, P59: is subproperty of part of / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one)

Execution result:
Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| star                          | starLabel                 | mag                 |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------- |
| wd:Q10847397                  |                           | 3.231 (xsd:decimal) |
| Epsilon Hydrae (wd:Q1028788)  | Epsilon Hydrae (lang:en)  | 3.38 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Theta Hydrae (wd:Q1029146)    | Theta Hydrae (lang:en)    | 3.455 (xsd:decimal) |
| wd:Q77536727                  |                           | 3.515 (xsd:decimal) |
| Lambda Hydrae (wd:Q1028353)   | Lambda Hydrae (lang:en)   | 3.61 (xsd:decimal)  |
| wd:Q86041518                  |                           | 3.76 (xsd:decimal)  |
| wd:Q93895669                  |                           | 3.97 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Upsilon1 Hydrae (wd:Q5175375) | Upsilon1 Hydrae (lang:en) | 4.11 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Delta Hydrae (wd:Q3021924)    | Delta Hydrae (lang:en)    | 4.131 (xsd:decimal) |
| wd:Q87085441                  |                           | 4.224 (xsd:decimal) |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] What are the stars in the Hydra constellation with an apparent magnitude less than 6? Include their apparent magnitudes if available, and order the results by ascending apparent magnitude, and limit to 10 results.

[Assistant]
I will search for relevant properties: first "constellation" (likely P59), and "apparent magnitude" (to find the correct property for apparent magnitude). I'll search properties for those terms.

Question: constellation

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. constellation (wd:P59 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as part of constellation, P59: the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / the area of the celestial sphere of which the subject is a part (from a scientific standpoint, not an astrological one) / is subproperty of part of
2. parent astronomical body (wd:P397 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via star), also known as orbits, parent body, planetary system, primary, star, etc.: major astronomical body the item belongs to / major astronomical body the item belongs to
3. type of orbit (wd:P522 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via orbit), also known as orbit, orbit type, P522: orbit a satellite has around its central body / orbit a satellite has around its central body
4. astronomic symbol image (wd:P367 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via astronomical symbol), also known as astronomical symbol, astronomical symbol image, astronomic symbol, planetary symbol, planetary symbol image, etc.: image of the symbol that identify a planet or an asteroid of the solar system / image of the symbol that identify a planet or an asteroid of the solar system / is subproperty of icon
5. asteroid family (wd:P744 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as P744: population of asteroids that share similar proper orbital elements
6. companion of (wd:P399 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via astronomic companion), also known as astronomical companion, astronomical companion of, astronomic companion, astronomic companion of, companion, etc.: two or more astronomic bodies of the same type relating to each other / two or more astronomic bodies of the same type relating to each other
7. orbital period (wd:P2146 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as revolution period, sidereal period, P2146: the time taken for a given astronomic object to make one complete orbit about another object / the time taken for a given astronomic object to make one complete orbit about another object / is subproperty of duration
8. home world (wd:P1165 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via home planet), also known as home planet, homeworld, P1165: home planet or natural satellite for a fictional character or species
9. minor planet group (wd:P196 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as asteroid group, P196: is in grouping of minor planets according to similar orbital characteristics / is in grouping of minor planets according to similar orbital characteristics / is subproperty of part of
10. right ascension (wd:P6257 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as Longitude of Ascending Node, P6257: astronomical equivalent of longitude

[Assistant]
I'll search for the property corresponding to "apparent magnitude" (which may have labels like apparent magnitude, apparent visual magnitude, magnitude (apparent)).

Question: apparent magnitude

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. apparent magnitude (wd:P1215 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as P1215: measurement of the brightness of an astronomic object, as seen from the Earth
2. earthquake magnitude on the moment magnitude scale (wd:P2527 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via magnitude of an earthquake), also known as earthquake magnitude, magnitude, magnitude of an earthquake, moment magnitude scale value, Mw, etc.: magnitude of an earthquake according to the moment magnitude scale
3. earthquake magnitude on the Richter magnitude scale (wd:P2528 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via magnitude of an earthquake), also known as earthquake magnitude, magnitude, magnitude of an earthquake, ML, Richter scale value, etc.: magnitude of an earthquake according to the Richter magnitude scale
4. angular diameter (wd:P5348 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via apparent diameter), also known as angular size, apparent diameter, apparent size, P5348: angular measurement describing how large a sphere or circle appears from a given point of view
5. JMA Magnitude (wd:P5900 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as P5900: magnitude of an earthquake according to Japan Meteorological Agency
6. absolute magnitude (wd:P1457 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as oke oke nke ihe mbara igwe, P1457: absolute magnitude of an astronomic object
7. JMA Seismic Intensity Scale (wd:P5386 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as P5386: maximum intensity scale of this earthquake given by JMA Seismic Intensity Scale
8. aftershocks (wd:P2320 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via quantity of aftershocks), also known as number of aftershocks, quantity of aftershocks, P2320: number of smaller earthquakes which follow a significant earthquake / is subproperty of quantity
9. Microsoft Academic ID (wd:P6366 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p, matched via MAG), also known as Academic ID, academic.microsoft, MAG, MAG ID, Microsoft Academic Author ID, etc.: identifier for an object or topic in the Microsoft Academic Graph (until 31 December 2021) / identifier for an object in the Microsoft Academic Graph
10. magnification (wd:P4163 as pq/pqn/prv/ps/psn/pqv/prn/wdt/psv/wdtn/pr/p), also known as P4163: amount of optical magnification provided

[Assistant]
Next I'll search for the Hydra constellation entity (likely named "Hydra") to get its Q-id. I'll search for "Hydra constellation".

Question: Hydra constellation

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. constellation (wd:Q8928): one of the 88 divisions of the celestial sphere, defined by the IAU, many of which derive from traditional asterisms / image on the celestial sphere consisting of stars according to any current of historical system or description / is subclass of geographical feature / is subclass of geographical object / is subclass of astronomical object / is subclass of asterism
2. Orion (wd:Q8860, matched via Orion (constellation)), also known as Ori, Orion (constellation), Orionis: constellation straddling the celestial equator / constellation straddling the celestial equator / is instance of constellation / Orion constellation
3. Gemini (wd:Q8923, matched via Gemini (constellation)), also known as ♊, Gem, Gemini (constellation), Geminorum: zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation
4. Leo (wd:Q8853, matched via Leo (constellation)), also known as Leo (constellation), Leonis: zodiac constellation passing through the celestial equator / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation
5. Virgo (wd:Q8842, matched via Virgo (constellation)), also known as Vir, Virginis, Virgo (constellation): zodiac constellation passing through the celestial equator / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation / is instance of deity
6. Cancer (wd:Q8849, matched via Cancer (constellation)), also known as Cancer (constellation), Cancri, Cnc: zodiac constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere / is instance of zodiacal constellation
7. Sagittarius (wd:Q8866, matched via Sagittarius (constellation)), also known as Sagitarii, Sagittarius (constellation), Sgr: zodiac constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation / Constellation
8. Pisces (wd:Q8679, matched via Pisces (constellation)), also known as Pisces (constellation), Piscium, Psc: zodiac constellation straddling the celestial equator / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation
9. Cygnus (wd:Q8921, matched via Cygnus (constellation)), also known as Cyg, Cygni, Cygnus (constellation): is instance of constellation / constellation
10. Andromeda (wd:Q9256, matched via Andromeda (constellation)), also known as And, Andromeda (constellation), Andromedae: constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere / is instance of constellation

[Assistant]
I'll retry searching specifically for "Hydra (constellation)" to get the correct Q-id.

Question: Hydra (constellation)

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. constellation (wd:Q8928): one of the 88 divisions of the celestial sphere, defined by the IAU, many of which derive from traditional asterisms / image on the celestial sphere consisting of stars according to any current of historical system or description / is subclass of geographical feature / is subclass of geographical object / is subclass of astronomical object / is subclass of asterism
2. Orion (wd:Q8860, matched via Orion (constellation)), also known as Ori, Orion (constellation), Orionis: constellation straddling the celestial equator / constellation straddling the celestial equator / is instance of constellation / Orion constellation
3. Gemini (wd:Q8923, matched via Gemini (constellation)), also known as ♊, Gem, Gemini (constellation), Geminorum: zodiac constellation in the northern hemisphere / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation
4. Leo (wd:Q8853, matched via Leo (constellation)), also known as Leo (constellation), Leonis: zodiac constellation passing through the celestial equator / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation
5. Virgo (wd:Q8842, matched via Virgo (constellation)), also known as Vir, Virginis, Virgo (constellation): zodiac constellation passing through the celestial equator / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation / is instance of deity
6. Cancer (wd:Q8849, matched via Cancer (constellation)), also known as Cancer (constellation), Cancri, Cnc: zodiac constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere / is instance of zodiacal constellation
7. Sagittarius (wd:Q8866, matched via Sagittarius (constellation)), also known as Sagitarii, Sagittarius (constellation), Sgr: zodiac constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation / Constellation
8. Pisces (wd:Q8679, matched via Pisces (constellation)), also known as Pisces (constellation), Piscium, Psc: zodiac constellation straddling the celestial equator / is instance of zodiacal constellation / is instance of constellation
9. Cygnus (wd:Q8921, matched via Cygnus (constellation)), also known as Cyg, Cygni, Cygnus (constellation): is instance of constellation / constellation
10. Andromeda (wd:Q9256, matched via Andromeda (constellation)), also known as And, Andromeda (constellation), Andromedae: constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere / is instance of constellation

[Assistant]
I'll search for "Hydra" and then inspect candidates to find the constellation item.

Question: Hydra

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Hydra (wd:Q10578), also known as Hya, Hydrae: constellation straddling the celestial equator / is instance of constellation
2. Hydra (wd:Q170379), also known as Lernaean Hydra, Lernæan Hydra, Lernean Hydra, The Lernean Hydra: ancient serpent-like chthonic water monster, with reptilian traits, that possessed many heads, in Greek mythology / is instance of mythological Greek character / is instance of mythological serpent
3. Hydra (wd:Q102701), also known as (134340) Pluto III, Pluto III, S/2005 P 1: outermost known natural satellite of Pluto / is instance of moon of Pluto
4. Hydra (wd:Q192290): is instance of model organism / is instance of taxon / genus of cnidarians
5. Hydra (wd:Q208319), also known as Hydra Island: one of the Saronic Islands of Greece / is instance of car-free place / is instance of island
6. Hydra (wd:Q3052324), also known as Marvel Hydra: is instance of fictional criminal organisation / is instance of fictional criminal organization / fictional supervillain organization / is instance of supervillain team
7. Hydra (wd:Q1756327): studio album by American rock band Toto / is instance of album
8. Hydra (wd:Q1010749), also known as Ḥaydarah: commune in Algiers Province, Algeria / is instance of commune of Algeria
9. Hydra (wd:Q15138928): 2014 studio album by Within Temptation / is instance of album
10. Greek ironclad Hydra (wd:Q12137638, matched via Hydra), also known as Hydra: is instance of ironclad warship / 1889 Hydra-class ironclad

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL SELECT query that finds items whose instance is "star" (wd:Q523), whose constellation (wdt:P59) is Hydra (wd:Q10578), and that have an apparent magnitude (wdt:P1215) less than 6. I'll request the item IRI, English label, and the magnitude, order by magnitude ascending and limit to 10. Now I'll execute that query.

execute

SELECT ?star ?starLabel ?mag WHERE {
  ?star wdt:P59 wd:Q10578 .
  ?star wdt:P1215 ?mag .
  ?star wdt:P31 wd:Q523 .
  OPTIONAL { ?star rdfs:label ?starLabel . FILTER(LANG(?starLabel) = "en") }
  FILTER(?mag < 6)
}
ORDER BY xsd:decimal(?mag)
LIMIT 10

[Assistant]
I saw multiple magnitude statements per star in the first query (different measurements). To return a single magnitude per star and avoid duplicate rows, I'll aggregate and take the minimum reported apparent magnitude per star (i.e., the brightest reported value). I'll GROUP BY the star and its English label, compute MIN(xsd:decimal(?mag0)) AS ?mag, filter to magnitudes < 6, order ascending by that aggregated magnitude, and limit to 10. Executing that refined query now.

SELECT ?star ?starLabel (MIN(xsd:decimal(?mag0)) AS ?mag) WHERE {
  ?star wdt:P59 wd:Q10578 ;
        wdt:P1215 ?mag0 ;
        wdt:P31 wd:Q523 .
  OPTIONAL { ?star rdfs:label ?starLabel . FILTER(LANG(?starLabel) = "en") }
  FILTER(xsd:decimal(?mag0) < 6)
}
GROUP BY ?star ?starLabel
ORDER BY ?mag
LIMIT 10

Got 10 rows and 3 columns:
| star                          | starLabel                 | mag                 |
| ----------------------------- | ------------------------- | ------------------- |
| wd:Q10847397                  |                           | 3.231 (xsd:decimal) |
| Epsilon Hydrae (wd:Q1028788)  | Epsilon Hydrae (lang:en)  | 3.38 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Theta Hydrae (wd:Q1029146)    | Theta Hydrae (lang:en)    | 3.455 (xsd:decimal) |
| wd:Q77536727                  |                           | 3.515 (xsd:decimal) |
| Lambda Hydrae (wd:Q1028353)   | Lambda Hydrae (lang:en)   | 3.61 (xsd:decimal)  |
| wd:Q86041518                  |                           | 3.76 (xsd:decimal)  |
| wd:Q93895669                  |                           | 3.97 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Upsilon1 Hydrae (wd:Q5175375) | Upsilon1 Hydrae (lang:en) | 4.11 (xsd:decimal)  |
| Delta Hydrae (wd:Q3021924)    | Delta Hydrae (lang:en)    | 4.131 (xsd:decimal) |
| wd:Q87085441                  |                           | 4.224 (xsd:decimal) |

[Assistant]
Final SPARQL query will (1) select stars (wd:Q523) in Hydra (wd:Q10578) with apparent magnitude (wdt:P1215) < 6, (2) aggregate multiple magnitude statements per star by taking the minimum reported magnitude, (3) return the star IRI, English label if present, and the magnitude, ordered ascending and limited to 10. I'll provide the query and the results from the last execution.

answer

SELECT ?star ?starLabel (MIN(xsd:decimal(?mag0)) AS ?mag) WHERE {
  ?star wdt:P59 wd:Q10578 ;
        wdt:P1215 ?mag0 ;
        wdt:P31 wd:Q523 .
  OPTIONAL { ?star rdfs:label ?starLabel . FILTER(LANG(?starLabel) = "en") }
  FILTER(xsd:decimal(?mag0) < 6)
}
GROUP BY ?star ?starLabel
ORDER BY ?mag
LIMIT 10

Answer:
Results (ordered by ascending apparent magnitude, limited to 10):

1) wd:Q10847397 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.231
2) wd:Q1028788 — Epsilon Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.38
3) wd:Q1029146 — Theta Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.455
4) wd:Q77536727 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.515
5) wd:Q1028353 — Lambda Hydrae — apparent magnitude 3.61
6) wd:Q86041518 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.76
7) wd:Q93895669 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 3.97
8) wd:Q5175375 — Upsilon1 Hydrae — apparent magnitude 4.11
9) wd:Q3021924 — Delta Hydrae — apparent magnitude 4.131
10) wd:Q87085441 — (no English label found) — apparent magnitude 4.224

Notes:
- The query returns item IRIs (star identifiers) and their English labels when available. Several returned items did not have an English rdfs:label in the dataset, so only the Q-id is shown for them.
- Where multiple apparent-magnitude statements existed for a star, the query used the minimum reported magnitude per star (i.e., the brightest reported value) to avoid duplicate rows.
- The query was limited to 10 results as requested.


PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end ?pointInTime WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P166 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P166 wd:Q10290970 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P580 ?start .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P582 ?end .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P585 ?pointInTime .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?start ?personLabel

Using entities:
- world chess champion (wd:Q10290970): is instance of award / is instance of governing body / winner of a world chess championship
- human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of mammal / is subclass of natural person / is subclass of omnivore / is subclass of person / is subclass of individual animal / any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo, from embryo to adult

Using properties:
- award received (wd:P166 as p/ps), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / awards received by a person, organisation or creative work
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- start time (wd:P580 as pq), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid
- end time (wd:P582 as pq), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true
- point in time (wd:P585 as pq), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true

Answer: I ran a query for humans who have an award statement ps:P166 = wd:Q10290970 (world chess champion). The query returns the person IRIs, English labels, and any award-statement qualifiers for start time (pq:P580), end time (pq:P582), and point in time (pq:P585). Expect multiple rows for individuals with multiple reigns; some statements use start/end qualifiers while others record a point in time. Example recipients visible in the results include Wilhelm Steinitz, Emanuel Lasker, Mikhail Tal, Vasily Smyslov, Alexander Khalifman, Magnus Carlsen, Viswanathan Anand (with multiple reigns), Bobby Fischer, Veselin Topalov, Rustam Kasimdzhanov, and others. The query above returns the full set of matching recipients with their available start/end/point-in-time qualifiers.

I ran a query for humans who have an award statement ps:P166 = wd:Q10290970 (world chess champion). The query returns the person IRIs, English labels, and any award-statement qualifiers for start time (pq:P580), end time (pq:P582), and point in time (pq:P585). Expect multiple rows for individuals with multiple reigns; some statements use start/end qualifiers while others record a point in time. Example recipients visible in the results include Wilhelm Steinitz, Emanuel Lasker, Mikhail Tal, Vasily Smyslov, Alexander Khalifman, Magnus Carlsen, Viswanathan Anand (with multiple reigns), Bobby Fischer, Veselin Topalov, Rustam Kasimdzhanov, and others. The query above returns the full set of matching recipients with their available start/end/point-in-time qualifiers.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end ?pointInTime WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P166 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P166 wd:Q10290970 .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P580 ?start .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P582 ?end .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P585 ?pointInTime .
  }
  OPTIONAL {
    ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel .
    FILTER ( LANG( ?personLabel ) = "en" )
  }
}
ORDER BY ?start ?personLabel

Using entities:
- world chess champion (wd:Q10290970): is instance of award / is instance of governing body / winner of a world chess championship
- human (wd:Q5), also known as human being, humans, individual Homo sapiens, individual human, modern humans, etc.: is instance of class of organisms known by one particular common name / is instance of organisms known by a particular common name / is subclass of mammal / is subclass of natural person / is subclass of omnivore / is subclass of person / is subclass of individual animal / any member of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo / common name of Homo sapiens, unique extant species of the genus Homo, from embryo to adult

Using properties:
- award received (wd:P166 as p/ps), also known as award, awarded, awards, awards received, award won, etc.: award or recognition received by a person, organisation or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / award or recognition received by a person, organization or creative work / awards received by a person, organisation or creative work
- instance of (wd:P31 as wdt), also known as example of, has type, is a, is an, is of type, etc.: that class of which this subject is a particular example and ... a subclass of mountain (and an instance of volcanic landform) / type to which this subject corresponds/belongs. Different ... and the volcano is a type (instance) of volcanic landform
- start time (wd:P580 as pq), also known as began, beginning, building date, effective, effectivity, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / indicates the time an item begins to exist or a statement starts being valid / time an entity begins to exist or a statement starts being valid
- end time (wd:P582 as pq), also known as abolished, cease date, cease operation, cease time, closed, etc.: is subproperty of point in time / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / indicates the time an item ceases to exist or a statement stops being valid / moment when an entity ceases to exist and a statement stops being entirely valid or no longer be true
- point in time (wd:P585 as pq), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true

Execution result:
Got 22 rows and 5 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| person                           | personLabel                   | start                               | end                                 | pointInTime                         |
| -------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| Alexander Khalifman (wd:Q106374) | Alexander Khalifman (lang:en) |                                     |                                     | 1999-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ding Liren (wd:Q1191198)         | Ding Liren (lang:en)          |                                     |                                     | 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Ruslan Ponomariov (wd:Q207723)   | Ruslan Ponomariov (lang:en)   |                                     |                                     | 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Rustam Kasimdzhanov (wd:Q489015) | Rustam Kasimdzhanov (lang:en) |                                     |                                     | 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| Wilhelm Steinitz (wd:Q102648)    | Wilhelm Steinitz (lang:en)    | 1886-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 1894-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |
| ...                              | ...                           | ...                                 | ...                                 | ...                                 |
| Garry Kasparov (wd:Q28614)       | Garry Kasparov (lang:en)      | 1985-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |
| Viswanathan Anand (wd:Q45747)    | Viswanathan Anand (lang:en)   | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2002-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |
| Vladimir Kramnik (wd:Q161092)    | Vladimir Kramnik (lang:en)    | 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |
| Viswanathan Anand (wd:Q45747)    | Viswanathan Anand (lang:en)   | 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |
| Magnus Carlsen (wd:Q106807)      | Magnus Carlsen (lang:en)      | 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |                                     |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Who has received the World Chess Championship award, including start times (if available) and end times of the award (if available)?

[Assistant]
Plan:
1. Search Wikidata for the item representing the World Chess Championship (the award/title).
2. Verify it's an award item (instance of award/competition) and find property for award received (P166).
3. Query humans with wdt:P166 pointing to that award item, and retrieve qualifiers pq:P580 (start time) and pq:P582 (end time) or pq:P585 (point in time) depending on how the award statements are modeled. Also retrieve p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq qualifiers to get start/end times if present.
4. Execute the final SPARQL to return recipients (IRIs), labels, and available start/end qualifiers.

I'll first search for the award item using search_entity.

Question: World Chess Championship

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. World Chess Championship (wd:Q190042), also known as WCC: chess competition played to determine the World Champion in chess / is instance of recurring sporting event / is subclass of world championship / is subclass of chess tournament
2. Women's World Chess Championship (wd:Q1138456): is subclass of World Chess Championship / is instance of sports competition / is subclass of chess tournament / women's chess competition
3. World Chess Championship 2013 (wd:Q917629): chess championship held in Chennai / is instance of season
4. World Chess Championship 2018 (wd:Q27956034): world chess championship match / is instance of season
5. World Chess Championship 2014 (wd:Q8035503): world chess championship match / is instance of season
6. World Chess Championship 2016 (wd:Q18342495): world chess championship match / is instance of season
7. World Chess Championship 2021 (wd:Q65091338): world chess championship match / is instance of season
8. World Chess Championship 1972 (wd:Q596416): 1972 chess match in Reykjavík, Iceland for the World Chess ... Fischer (USA) and defending champion Boris Spassky (USSR) / is instance of season
9. World Chess Championship 2023 (wd:Q107143709): chess championship match / is instance of season
10. World Chess Championship 2024 (wd:Q118112582): chess championship match / is instance of season

[Assistant]
I will run a SPARQL query to find humans (?person) who have an award statement p:P166 with ps:P166 = wd:Q190042 (World Chess Championship). I'll request qualifiers pq:P580 (start time), pq:P582 (end time), and pq:P585 (point in time) if present, and English labels. Now I'll execute that query to inspect results and verify the modeling.

execute

PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end ?pointInTime WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P166 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P166 wd:Q190042 .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P580 ?start. }
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P582 ?end. }
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?pointInTime. }
  OPTIONAL { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel. FILTER(LANG(?personLabel)="en") }
} LIMIT 200

[Assistant]
Next I will search for items named "World Chess Champion" (title) because winners might have received the title rather than the competition award item. I'll search for that phrase in Wikidata.

Question: World Chess Champion

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. world chess champion (wd:Q10290970): winner of a world chess championship / is instance of governing body / is instance of award
2. World Chess Championship (wd:Q190042), also known as WCC: chess competition played to determine the World Champion in chess / is instance of recurring sporting event / is subclass of world championship / is subclass of chess tournament
3. chess composition world champion (wd:Q4508867): is instance of chess title / is subclass of winner / is instance of award
4. Women's World Chess Championship (wd:Q1138456): is subclass of World Chess Championship / is instance of sports competition / is subclass of chess tournament / women's chess competition
5. World Chess Championship 2013 (wd:Q917629): chess championship held in Chennai / is instance of season
6. World Chess Championship 2018 (wd:Q27956034): world chess championship match / is instance of season
7. World Chess Championship 2014 (wd:Q8035503): world chess championship match / is instance of season
8. World Chess Championship 2016 (wd:Q18342495): world chess championship match / is instance of season
9. World Chess Championship 2021 (wd:Q65091338): world chess championship match / is instance of season
10. World Chess Championship 1972 (wd:Q596416): 1972 chess match in Reykjavík, Iceland for the World Chess ... Fischer (USA) and defending champion Boris Spassky (USSR) / is instance of season

[Assistant]
I'll query for humans who have received the award wd:Q10290970 (world chess champion), and extract the start/end/point-in-time qualifiers if present. Then I'll inspect results.

PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end ?pointInTime WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P166 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P166 wd:Q10290970 .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P580 ?start. }
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P582 ?end. }
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?pointInTime. }
  OPTIONAL { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel. FILTER(LANG(?personLabel)="en") }
} LIMIT 500

[Assistant]
I will return a final SPARQL that retrieves humans with p:P166 -> ps:P166 = wd:Q10290970 (world chess champion), and returns qualifiers pq:P580 (start), pq:P582 (end), and pq:P585 (point in time), plus English labels. This query will list the recipients and any start/end/point-in-time qualifiers recorded on the award statement. I will also note that some recipients appear multiple times for separate reigns and that some statements use pq:P585 (point in time) instead of start/end times. Now I'll provide the final query and a short summary of the expected result.

answer

PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
SELECT DISTINCT ?person ?personLabel ?start ?end ?pointInTime WHERE {
  ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 .
  ?person p:P166 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P166 wd:Q10290970 .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P580 ?start. }
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P582 ?end. }
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?pointInTime. }
  OPTIONAL { ?person rdfs:label ?personLabel. FILTER(LANG(?personLabel)="en") }
}
ORDER BY ?start ?personLabel

Answer: I ran a query for humans who have an award statement ps:P166 = wd:Q10290970 (world chess champion). The query returns the person IRIs, English labels, and any award-statement qualifiers for start time (pq:P580), end time (pq:P582), and point in time (pq:P585). Expect multiple rows for individuals with multiple reigns; some statements use start/end qualifiers while others record a point in time. Example recipients visible in the results include Wilhelm Steinitz, Emanuel Lasker, Mikhail Tal, Vasily Smyslov, Alexander Khalifman, Magnus Carlsen, Viswanathan Anand (with multiple reigns), Bobby Fischer, Veselin Topalov, Rustam Kasimdzhanov, and others. The query above returns the full set of matching recipients with their available start/end/point-in-time qualifiers.