PREFIX pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/>
PREFIX prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ?deaths ?date ?refUrl WHERE {
  BIND( wd:Q38 AS ?country ) .
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" ) .
  ?country p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P585 ?date
  }
  .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt prov:wasDerivedFrom ?ref .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?ref pr:P854 ?refUrl
    }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

Using entities:
- Italy (wd:Q38), also known as 🇮🇹, IT, ITA, Italia, Italian Republic, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / is instance of country / country in Europe / country in Southern Europe / republic in Southern Europe

Using properties:
- number of deaths (wd:P1120 as p/ps), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.: number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
- point in time (wd:P585 as pq), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true
- reference URL (wd:P854 as pr), also known as ref, site, URL, URL fonte, URL ref, etc.: is subproperty of URL / should be used for Internet URLs as references. Use P4656 for interwiki links / should be used for Internet URLs as references. Use "Wikimedia import URL" (P4656) for imports from WMF sites / should be used for Internet URLs as references. Use "Wikimedia import URL" (P4656) for interwiki links

Answer: Query results: The query returns Italy (wd:Q38) and its P1120 (number of deaths) statements. The data found on Wikidata for Italy is: - country: Italy (wd:Q38) - number of deaths: 713499 - date (point in time): 2022-01-01 - reference URL: http://demo.istat.it/bil2018/index.html Caveat: During exploration I could not find number-of-deaths (P1120) statements directly on the item "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy" (wd:Q84104992). The P1120 statement found above is on the Italy country item and is not explicitly qualified on Wikidata as being specific to COVID-19; the reference is to ISTAT. If you want strictly COVID-19–attributed deaths, we can try to aggregate P1120 statements from COVID-related items (regional pandemic pages) or inspect sources/references for COVID-specific counts; let me know if you want the time series gathered across regional COVID-19 pages instead.

Query results: The query returns Italy (wd:Q38) and its P1120 (number of deaths) statements. The data found on Wikidata for Italy is: - country: Italy (wd:Q38) - number of deaths: 713499 - date (point in time): 2022-01-01 - reference URL: http://demo.istat.it/bil2018/index.html Caveat: During exploration I could not find number-of-deaths (P1120) statements directly on the item "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy" (wd:Q84104992). The P1120 statement found above is on the Italy country item and is not explicitly qualified on Wikidata as being specific to COVID-19; the reference is to ISTAT. If you want strictly COVID-19–attributed deaths, we can try to aggregate P1120 statements from COVID-related items (regional pandemic pages) or inspect sources/references for COVID-specific counts; let me know if you want the time series gathered across regional COVID-19 pages instead.

SPARQL query over wikidata:
PREFIX pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/>
PREFIX prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
PREFIX ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/>
PREFIX p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/>
PREFIX pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/>
SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ?deaths ?date ?refUrl WHERE {
  BIND( wd:Q38 AS ?country ) .
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER ( LANG( ?countryLabel ) = "en" ) .
  ?country p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt pq:P585 ?date
  }
  .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt prov:wasDerivedFrom ?ref .
    OPTIONAL {
      ?ref pr:P854 ?refUrl
    }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

Using entities:
- Italy (wd:Q38), also known as 🇮🇹, IT, ITA, Italia, Italian Republic, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / is instance of country / country in Europe / country in Southern Europe / republic in Southern Europe

Using properties:
- number of deaths (wd:P1120 as p/ps), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.: number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause
- point in time (wd:P585 as pq), also known as as of, at time, by date, date, during, etc.: date something took place, existed or a statement was true; for providing time use the "refine date" property (P4241) / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true / time and date something took place, existed or a statement was true
- reference URL (wd:P854 as pr), also known as ref, site, URL, URL fonte, URL ref, etc.: is subproperty of URL / should be used for Internet URLs as references. Use P4656 for interwiki links / should be used for Internet URLs as references. Use "Wikimedia import URL" (P4656) for imports from WMF sites / should be used for Internet URLs as references. Use "Wikimedia import URL" (P4656) for interwiki links

Execution result:
Got 1 row and 5 columns:
| country        | countryLabel    | deaths               | date                                | refUrl                                    |
| -------------- | --------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
| Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 713499 (xsd:decimal) | 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) | <http://demo.istat.it/bil2018/index.html> |

[System]
You are a question answering assistant. Your job is to generate a SPARQL query to answer a given user question.

You should follow a step-by-step approach to generate the SPARQL query:
1. Determine possible entities and properties implied by the user question.
2. Search for the entities and properties in the knowledge graphs. Where applicable, constrain the searches with already identified entities and properties.
3. Gradually build up the SPARQL query using the identified entities and properties. Start with simple queries and add more complexity as needed. Execute intermediate queries to get feedback and to verify your assumptions. You may need to refine or rethink your current plan based on the query results and go back to step 2 if needed, possibly multiple times.
4. Use the answer or cancel function to finalize your answer and stop the generation process.

Available knowledge graphs:
- wikidata at http://localhost:7001 with prefix index for entities and similarity index for properties, and notes:
  - P106 = occupation. Use wdt:P106 to get occupations and fetch English labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en"). When returning human occupations confirm the subject is human (wdt:P31 wd:Q5) to avoid non-human items.
  - Population (P1082) and tabular (P4179): use wdt:P1082 for quick/direct values; for time-series/point-in-time use p:P1082 + ps:P1082 + pq:P585 and ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC. Inspect statement qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part') and prov:wasDerivedFrom references (pr:P854 etc.) to detect city-proper vs metro/prefecture scopes before using values.
  - Common person properties: P31 (instance of human Q5), P106 (occupation), P569 (date of birth), P19 (place of birth), P27 (country of citizenship), P21 (sex/gender), P166 (award received). Use wdt: for direct values when possible.
  - P17 (country) can be incomplete/misleading for places (historical/overseas tags). To get modern cities in a country combine: instance-of city (P31=Q515) + wdt:P17 OR use wdt:P131* to find an admin parent whose wdt:P17 = the country. Also cross-check coordinates (P625) or admin hierarchy to spot outliers.
  - When filtering by date of birth (P569) use xsd:dateTime comparisons (e.g. >= "1900-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime). Be aware many items have year-only or imprecise dates and coverage is biased toward notable/public figures (sportspeople, politicians, artists).
  - To retrieve qualifiers (e.g., award year) use the statement/qualifier pattern: p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:P585. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when you don't need qualifiers. Example: p:P166 + pq:P585 gives award year.
  - To get a person's occupations: use wdt:P106 for direct/normalized values and rdfs:label for human-readable names (FILTER(LANG(...))). Example: wd:Q... wdt:P106 ?occ . ?occ rdfs:label ?occLabel . FILTER(LANG(?occLabel)="en").
  - P166 = award received. Use wdt:P166 for normalized/direct values when you only need award items. To get award years or qualifiers use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585. Many statements lack pq:P585 — use OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } and ORDER BY DESC(?date). When listing award winners, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans.
  - Population time-series pattern: wd:Q... p:P1082 ?stmt . ?stmt ps:P1082 ?pop . OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } . ORDER BY DESC(?date). pq:P585 is the point-in-time qualifier. IMPORTANT: time-series may mix scopes (city proper vs metro) — e.g., Tokyo has a 2016 entry ~38,140,000 likely metro vs smaller city figures. Inspect qualifiers/references for scope before use.
  - Use wdt:P131* to traverse the admin hierarchy and compare wdt:P17 on the place vs an admin parent to detect historical/colonial country assignments. When mismatches appear, inspect the admin parent's instance-of (P31), labels, qualifiers and references to interpret the historical scope.
  - wdt:P106 often yields multiple occupations for a person. Use GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT ?occLabel; separator=", ") or return multiple rows. Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") to get readable occupation names.
  - When a search_entity returns multiple hits (person vs sculpture vs memorial), confirm you selected the human/statements by checking wdt:P31 (instance of) and relevant wdt: properties (e.g., wdt:P106). This avoids using a non-human QID by mistake.
  - search_autocomplete can be constrained with a SPARQL pattern containing ?search (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }). Use constraints to focus results (e.g., humans) and avoid ambiguous fallbacks; if it returns no results, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
  - Use search_property_of_entity to find relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'award' -> P166) and search_object_of_property to discover candidate objects (e.g., 'physicist' for P106). This reduces guessing P/Q ids and surfaces qualifiers.
  - Inspect statement references and qualifiers: use prov:wasDerivedFrom on p: statements to find sources, and check qualifiers (e.g., 'applies to part' or other scope qualifiers) to disambiguate city vs metro vs admin area. Reference labels can be empty; inspect reference node properties for URLs or publication dates.

Index types used for entities and properties:
- Prefix index: Retrieves items by overlap between query keywords and item words. The query keywords can match item words exactly or as prefixes.
- Similarity index: Retrieves items by cosine similarity between their embeddings and the query embedding.

General notes across knowledge graphs:
- Use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label)="en") for labels; avoid SERVICE wikibase:label. Use wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access statement qualifiers (e.g., award year via pq:P585). When dates matter, prefer xsd:dateTime and watch for year-only precision.
- Practical query patterns: use rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(...)) for labels. Use wdt:Pxxx for direct/normalized values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (dates via pq:P585). For dates use xsd:dateTime and expect year-only precision. For places: combine P17 with P131 or coordinate (P625) filters to avoid historical/overseas mismatches.
- Use OPTIONAL for pq: qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585), sort by qualifier (ORDER BY pq:P585 DESC) to prefer recent values. Use GROUP_CONCAT to combine multiple labels/values in one row. Watch for typed literals (xsd:dateTime, xsd:decimal) when filtering or sorting.
- Before querying, use search_entity to resolve human-friendly names to wd:Q identifiers and verify instance-of (e.g., check wdt:P31 = wd:Q5 for humans) to avoid ambiguous matches. Prefer the top match but programmatically confirm P31 before using its data.
- Use search_property to confirm property identifiers (e.g., "country" -> P17) before embedding them in queries. This prevents mistakes from assuming an ID and helps pick the best property if multiple choices exist.
- search_autocomplete can fall back to an unconstrained search or error when there are too many candidates. If this happens (e.g., "more than the maximum supported number of subject candidates"), retry with narrower constraints such as instance-of (wdt:P31), additional type filters, or short prefixes to reduce the candidate set; otherwise fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31.
- Use list(...) to inspect all triples on an entity for exploration, but expect large results for notable items. Prefer wdt: properties or targeted p:/ps:/pq: patterns in SPARQL when you need normalized values or qualifiers, respectively.
- Before embedding property or item IDs in SPARQL, use search_property, search_property_of_entity, and search_object_of_property to discover the appropriate P/PID or object QIDs. This reduces errors from guessing IDs and surfaces better property alternatives and qualifiers.
- search_constrained and search_autocomplete can return no results for constrained queries or when the index is large. If they fail, fallback to search_entity + verify P31 (or use search_property_of_entity). Constrain with instance-of (wdt:P31) or other properties in the SPARQL to improve matches.
- When selecting awards by year, prefer xsd:dateTime range filters (e.g., >= "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2002-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for portability and precision.
- When selecting award winners via wdt:P166, filter ?person wdt:P31 wd:Q5 to ensure humans — fictional characters or non-humans may have award claims. If you need award years use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 and OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?year } to retrieve qualifier years.
- Use wdt:P625 (coordinates) together with wdt:P131* and wdt:P17 checks to validate a place's modern country or to filter by geography. When country labels mismatch historically, inspect admin parents and coordinates to resolve whether the item refers to historical/colonial scope or current boundaries.
- Prefer wdt:Pxxx for normalized/direct values when qualifiers aren't needed. Use p:Pxxx / ps:Pxxx / pq:Pxxx to access qualifiers (e.g., pq:P585 for award year). Always fetch labels with rdfs:label + FILTER(LANG(?label) = "en").
- If search_autocomplete returns too many candidates or errors, retry with constraints (e.g., SELECT * WHERE { ?search wdt:P31 wd:Q5 }) or narrower query text. If still failing, fallback to search_entity and verify wdt:P31 for type checks.
- For award-year queries use p:P166 / ps:P166 / pq:P585 to access award statements and year qualifiers. Filter by xsd:dateTime ranges (e.g., >= "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime && < "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) instead of YEAR() for robustness.
- Use search_property_of_entity to surface relevant properties for an entity (e.g., 'birth' -> P569/P19). list(...) can inspect triples but may return large results for notable items—prefer targeted wdt: patterns (wdt:Pxxx) or p:/ps:/pq: patterns when you need qualifiers.

SPARQL prefixes for use in function calls:
- bd: <http://www.bigdata.com/rdf#
- cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#
- data: <https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/
- dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
- dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/
- foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
- geo: <http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
- geof: <http://www.opengis.net/def/function/geosparql/
- gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology#
- hint: <http://www.bigdata.com/queryHints#
- imdb: <https://www.imdb.com/
- math: <http://www.w3.org/2005/xpath-functions/math#
- ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#
- owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
- p: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/
- pq: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/
- pqn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value-normalized/
- pqv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier/value/
- pr: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/
- prn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value-normalized/
- prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
- prv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference/value/
- ps: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/
- psn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value-normalized/
- psv: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/statement/value/
- qb: <http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
- qfn: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/function#
- ql: <http://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/builtin-functions/
- qlss: <https://qlever.cs.uni-freiburg.de/spatialSearch/
- rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
- rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
- ref: <http://www.wikidata.org/reference/
- s: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/statement/
- schema: <http://schema.org/
- skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
- v: <http://www.wikidata.org/value/
- void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
- wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/
- wdno: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/novalue/
- wdt: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/
- wdtn: <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct-normalized/
- wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology#
- xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

Additional rules to follow:
- Explain your thought process before and after each step and function call.
- Do not just use or make up entity or property identifiers without verifying their existence in the knowledge graphs first.
- Do not ask the user for clarifications without first attempting to complete the task. If the task input is incomplete or ambiguous, try to make reasonable assumptions and document them.
- Do not use "SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language ..." in SPARQL queries. It is not SPARQL standard and unsupported by the used QLever SPARQL endpoints. Use rdfs:label or similar properties to get labels instead.
- Always execute your final SPARQL query before giving an answer to make sure it returns the expected results.
- The SPARQL query should always return the actual identifiers / IRIs of the items in its result. It additionally may return labels or other human-readable information, but they are optional and should be put within optional clauses unless explicitly requested by the user.
- Do not stop early if there are still obvious improvements to be made to the SPARQL query. For example, keep refining your SPARQL query if its result contains irrelevant items or is missing items you expected.
- Do not perform additional computation (e.g. filtering, sorting, calculations) on the result of the SPARQL query to determine the answer. All computation should be done solely within SPARQL.
- For questions with a "True" or "False" answer the SPARQL query should be an ASK query.

[User] Get the country, the number of cumulative deaths, and the dates of those deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.

[Assistant]
Plan:
1. Search for the Wikidata item corresponding to "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy".
2. Inspect properties for cumulative deaths — likely population/property P1120? Wait, number of deaths often uses property "number of deaths" P1120? Let's search objects/properties later. But first find the item.
I'll search for the entity "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy". I'll use search_entity constrained to Wikidata.

Question: COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992), also known as 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak in Italy, 2020 Italy COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, COVID pandemic in Italy, Italian 2020 coronavirus outbreak, etc.: is instance of disease outbreak / coronavirus pandemic in Italy
2. 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Veneto (wd:Q89277314, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Veneto, Italy), also known as 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Veneto, Italy, 2020 COVID pandemic in Veneto, 2020 Veneto COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Veneto, Italy, Veneto COVID-19 pandemic: is instance of disease outbreak / viral pandemic in Veneto
3. 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy (wd:Q89277312, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy), also known as 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy, 2020 COVID pandemic in Lombardy, 2020 Lombardy COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy, Lombardy COVID-19 pandemic: is instance of disease outbreak / viral pandemic in Lombardy
4. COVID-19 pandemic in Trentino (wd:Q104719852, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Trentino, Italy), also known as 2020 Trentino COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Trentino, Italy, COVID pandemic in Trentino, Trentino COVID-19 pandemic: is instance of disease outbreak
5. COVID-19 pandemic in Emilia-Romagna (wd:Q104719776, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Emilia-Romagna, Italy), also known as 2020 Emilia-Romagna COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, COVID pandemic in Emilia-Romagna, Emilia-Romagna COVID-19 pandemic: is instance of disease outbreak
6. COVID-19 pandemic in Campania (wd:Q104719775, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Campania, Italy), also known as 2020 Campania COVID-19 pandemic, Campania COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Campania, Italy, COVID pandemic in Campania: is instance of disease outbreak
7. COVID-19 pandemic in Calabria (wd:Q104719774, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Calabria, Italy), also known as 2020 Calabria COVID-19 pandemic, Calabria COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Calabria, Italy, COVID pandemic in Calabria: is instance of disease outbreak
8. COVID-19 pandemic in Apulia (wd:Q104719773, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Apulia, Italy), also known as 2020 Apulia COVID-19 pandemic, Apulia COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Apulia, Italy, COVID pandemic in Apulia: is instance of COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory / is instance of disease outbreak
9. COVID-19 pandemic in Abruzzo (wd:Q104719772, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Abruzzo, Italy), also known as 2020 Abruzzo COVID-19 pandemic, Abruzzo COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Abruzzo, Italy, COVID pandemic in Abruzzo: is instance of COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory / is instance of disease outbreak
10. COVID-19 pandemic in Lazio (wd:Q104719778, matched via COVID-19 pandemic in Lazio, Italy), also known as 2020 Lazio COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 pandemic in Lazio, Italy, COVID pandemic in Lazio, Lazio COVID-19 pandemic: is instance of disease outbreak

[Assistant]
I'll search for properties matching "number of deaths" and "deaths" to find the appropriate property used for counts (e.g., P1120 or P1603).

Question: number of deaths

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. number of deaths (wd:P1120 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.: total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause
2. number of casualties (wd:P1590 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via number of deaths and injuries), also known as casualities, number of deaths and injuries, P1590: number of people dead or injured because of this event.  Used ... on number of deaths and number of injured is unavailable.
3. number of victims of killer (wd:P1345 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via number of deaths by the killer), also known as homicides, kill count, kills, number of deaths by the killer, number of homicide victims, etc.: people killed by the subject, both legal and illegal
4. death rate (wd:P10091 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as mortality rate, P10091: the total number of persons dead per 1,000 population per year
5. category for deaths in this time period (wd:P12687 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as P12687: category item for people who died in this time period / is subproperty of point in time
6. manner of death (wd:P1196 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via type of death), also known as circumstance of death, death manner, death type, nature of death, type of death, etc.: general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural ... mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc. / general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural ... mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc. / general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural ... mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia...
7. place of death (wd:P20 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via died), also known as death location, death place, deathplace, died, died in, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location
8. date of death (wd:P570 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via died), also known as date of the end, dead, death, death date, deathdate, etc.: is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished date / is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / is subproperty of end time
9. case fatality rate (wd:P3457 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via fatality rate), also known as case fatality, case fatality ratio, case fatality risk, CFR, fatality rate, etc.: proportion of patients who die of a particular medical condition out of all who have this condition within a given time frame
10. suicide rate (wd:P3864 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as P3864: amount of suicides per 100,000 people and year in the place or group

[Assistant]
I'll search for the entity "Italy" to get its QID and confirm. Then I'll inspect P1120 statements on the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) to get number of deaths (ps:P1120) and the point-in-time qualifier (pq:P585). I'll build a query that returns the country (Italy item), the death count, and the date for each P1120 statement. I'll verify the property IDs I use (P1120 and pq:P585) before finalizing. Now I'll search for "Italy".

Question: Italy

Top 10 entity alternatives:
1. Italy (wd:Q38), also known as 🇮🇹, IT, ITA, Italia, Italian Republic, etc.: is instance of sovereign state / republic in Southern Europe / country in Southern Europe / is instance of country / country in Europe
2. Italian Peninsula (wd:Q145694, matched via Italy), also known as Apennine Peninsula, Italic Peninsula, Italy, lo Stivale, península Itálica, etc.: peninsula of southern Europe / is instance of peninsula
3. Kingdom of Italy (wd:Q172579, matched via Italy), also known as IT, Italy, Regno d’Italia: kingdom in Southern Europe from 1861 to 1946 / is instance of historical country
4. Kingdom of Italy (wd:Q223936, matched via Italy), also known as Italian Kingdom, Italy, Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, Regno d'Italia, Royaume d’Italie: kingdom in southern Europe between 1805 and 1814 / is instance of historical country
5. Kingdom of Italy (wd:Q838931, matched via Italy), also known as Italian Kingdom, Italy, Regnum Italiae, Regnum Italicorum, Regnum Italicum: (817–1014) constituent kingdom of the Holy Roman Empire / is instance of state in the Holy Roman Empire / is instance of historical country
6. Italy (wd:Q977238), also known as Italy, Texas, Italy, TX: town in Ellis County, Texas, United States / is instance of town in the United States / town in Texas
7. Italy (wd:Q3708720), also known as Italy, NY: is instance of town in the United States / is instance of town of New York / town in New York
8. Kingdom of Italy (wd:Q5343710, matched via Italy), also known as Italian Kingdom, Italy, Regno d'Italia, Regnum Italicum: kingdom in Southern Europe between 781 and 962 / is instance of historical country / is instance of realm
9. Pessione (wd:Q2028109, matched via Italy), also known as Italy: human settlement in Chieri, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy / is instance of neighbourhood / is instance of frazione
10. Monastero di Mirteto (wd:Q3858945, matched via Italy), also known as Italy: human settlement in San Giuliano Terme, Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy / is instance of locality

[Assistant]
I'll inspect statements on the pandemic item (wd:Q84104992) to find how country/location is recorded and to view P1120 usage. I'll list triples for that subject.

list

wd:Q84104992

Got 341 rows and 3 columns, showing the first 10 rows below:
| subject                                   | property                       | object                                                                                |
| ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | instance of (wdt:P31)          | disease outbreak (wd:Q3241045)                                                                                |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | country (wdt:P17)              | Italy (wd:Q38)                                                                                |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | coordinate location (wdt:P625) | POINT(12.500000 42.500000) (geo:wktLiteral)                                                                       |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | Commons category (wdt:P373)    | COVID-19 pandemic in Italy                                                                                |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | image (wdt:P18)                | <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Cases%20in%20Italy%20%28Density%29.svg> |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | part of (wdt:P361)             | COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory (wd:Q83741704)                                                         |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | location (wdt:P276)            | Italy (wd:Q38)                                                                                |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | described at URL (wdt:P973)    | <http://www.salute.gov.it/nuovocoronavirus>                                                                       |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | has part(s) (wdt:P527)         | 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy (wd:Q89277312)                                                                 |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992) | start time (wdt:P580)          | 2020-01-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime)                                                                               |
| ...                                       | ...                            | ...                                                                                |

[Assistant]
I'll list P1120 (number of deaths) triples for the subject to see how it's recorded—whether it's via direct wdt:P1120 or via p:P1120 statements with qualifiers.

wd:Q84104992

[Assistant]
Now I'll list triples using the statement property p:P1120 to inspect the statements and qualifiers (such as pq:P585 for point in time).

wd:Q84104992

[Assistant]
I'll try listing using the statement namespace p:P1120 to inspect statement nodes and qualifiers.

wd:Q84104992

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL SELECT that:
- Uses wd:Q84104992 (COVID-19 pandemic in Italy).
- Retrieves the country via wdt:P17.
- Retrieves number of deaths from the p:P1120 statement via ps:P1120 and the point-in-time qualifier pq:P585 for the date.
- Fetches the English label for the country.
- Orders results by date (ascending).

I'll execute that query now.

execute

SELECT DISTINCT ?country ?countryLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  BIND(wd:Q84104992 AS ?pandemic)
  # country reported for the pandemic
  ?pandemic wdt:P17 ?country .
  # number of deaths statements with point in time qualifiers
  ?pandemic p:P1120 ?deathStmt .
  ?deathStmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?deathStmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  # labels
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel . FILTER(LANG(?countryLabel) = "en")
}
ORDER BY ?date

[Assistant]
Next I'll search for properties related to "death" to see alternatives or confirm P1120 is used in pandemic items. I'll search for "death" in properties.

Question: death

Top 10 property alternatives:
1. date of death (wd:P570 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via death), also known as date of the end, dead, death, death date, deathdate, etc.: is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished date / is subproperty of dissolved, abolished or demolished / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / date on which the subject died / is subproperty of end time
2. manner of death (wd:P1196 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via death manner), also known as circumstance of death, death manner, death type, nature of death, type of death, etc.: general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural ... mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc. / general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural ... mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia etc. / general circumstances of a person's death; e.g. natural ... mechanism, e.g. heart attack, trauma, pneumonia...
3. number of deaths (wd:P1120 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via death number), also known as dead, death count, death number, deaths, death toll, etc.: total (cumulative) number of people who died since start as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause / number of ALL people who died as a direct result of an event or cause
4. place of death (wd:P20 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via death place), also known as death location, death place, deathplace, died, died in, etc.: most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / most specific known (e.g. city instead of country, or ... death location of a person, animal or fictional character / is subproperty of location
5. cause of death (wd:P509 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via death cause), also known as death cause, died of, die from, die of, method of murder, etc.: underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause ... category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide / underlying or immediate cause of death.  Underlying cause ... category, e.g. natural causes, accident, homicide, suicide / an item describing the cause of a person or specific organism's death. Samples: leukaemia, car crash / medical cause of a person or specific organism's death (not to be confused with P1196)
6. dissolved, abolished or demolished date (wd:P576 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via ceased on), also known as abolished, abolishment date, ceased date, ceased on, ceased publication, etc.: point in time at which the subject (organisation, building) ...  "discontinued date" (P2669) for stopping a product / date or point in time on which the organisation was dissolved/disappeared or the building demolished / is subproperty of end time
7. killed by (wd:P157 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn), also known as assassin, assassinated by, executed by, executioner, killer, etc.: person or organization who killed the subject / is subproperty of significant person / person who killed the subject
8. place of burial (wd:P119 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via interment), also known as ashes scattered at, burial location, burial place, buried at, buried in, etc.: location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, ... places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately. / location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, ... places: e.g., re-burials, parts of body buried separately. / location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, ... e.g. re-burials, cenotaphs, parts of body buried separately / location of grave, resting place, place of ash-scattering, etc, (e.g. city or cemetery) for a person / is subproperty of location
9. date of disappearance (wd:P746 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via time of disappearance), also known as date of missing, disappeared, last known alive before disappearance, last seen, missing since, etc.: date or point of time a missing person was seen or otherwise known to be alive for the last time / is subproperty of end time
10. discontinued date (wd:P2669 as pr/psn/wdtn/ps/prn/p/pq/pqv/wdt/prv/psv/pqn, matched via end-of-life), also known as ceased date, date discontinued, date of discontinuation, date product was discontinued, discontinuation date, etc.: date that the availability of a product or service was ... retirement" (P730) for pieces or classes of equipment / date that the availability of a product was discontinued; see also "dissolved, abolished or demolished" (P576) / is subproperty of end time

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query that lists all predicate IRIs used on wd:Q84104992 and filter those whose IRI contains 'P1120' to check whether number-of-deaths statements exist directly on the item. Then I'll inspect child region items if needed.

SELECT DISTINCT ?p WHERE {
  wd:Q84104992 ?p ?o .
  FILTER(REGEX(STR(?p), "P1120"))
}

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query that finds all items related to Italy (by country, location, or admin parent) that have number-of-deaths (P1120) statements, returning the item, its English label, the country (Italy), the death count and the point-in-time date (pq:P585). This should surface COVID-19 pandemic in Italy or its regional pandemic items that record cumulative deaths. I'll execute it now.

SELECT DISTINCT ?s ?sLabel ?country ?countryLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  BIND(wd:Q38 AS ?country)
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER(LANG(?countryLabel) = "en") .

  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .

  # subject related to Italy via country, location, or admin parent
  {
    ?s wdt:P17 ?country .
  } UNION {
    ?s wdt:P276 ?country .
  } UNION {
    ?s wdt:P131* ?adm . ?adm wdt:P17 ?country .
  }

  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en")
}
ORDER BY ?date

SPARQL execution failed:
HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=7001): Read timed out. (read timeout=30)

[Assistant]
I'll run a focused query: find items whose English label contains 'covid' (to catch COVID-19 pandemic pages) that have P1120 statements and are related to Italy (by country, location, or admin parent). This should be faster and more targeted. I'll execute it now.

SELECT ?s ?sLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .

  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en" && CONTAINS(LCASE(?sLabel), "covid")) .

  # related to Italy
  {
    ?s wdt:P17 wd:Q38 .
  } UNION {
    ?s wdt:P276 wd:Q38 .
  } UNION {
    ?s wdt:P131* ?adm . ?adm wdt:P17 wd:Q38 .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

Got 16 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| s                                          | sLabel                                | deaths               | date                                |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 3352 (xsd:decimal)   | 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 3352 (xsd:decimal)   | 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 51965 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 51965 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 65818 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                  | ...                                 |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 196154 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 208957 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 208957 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 569904 (xsd:decimal) | 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 569904 (xsd:decimal) | 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
Running a SPARQL query to get items with 'covid' and 'italy' in label, having P1120 statements and related to Italy.

SELECT ?s ?sLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .

  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en" && CONTAINS(LCASE(?sLabel), "covid") && CONTAINS(LCASE(?sLabel), "italy")) .

  # related to Italy
  {
    ?s wdt:P17 wd:Q38 .
  } UNION {
    ?s wdt:P276 wd:Q38 .
  } UNION {
    ?s wdt:P131* ?adm . ?adm wdt:P17 wd:Q38 .
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

[Assistant]
I'll search for items that have country Italy and P1120 statements, to capture regional pandemic pages and possibly the national pandemic page (if present).

SELECT ?s ?sLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  ?s wdt:P17 wd:Q38 .
  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en")
}
ORDER BY ?sLabel ?date
LIMIT 200

Got 200 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| s                                                  | sLabel                                        | deaths              | date |
| -------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------- | ---- |
| 1117 Verona earthquake (wd:Q260775)                | 1117 Verona earthquake (lang:en)              | 30000 (xsd:decimal) |      |
| 1639 Amatrice earthquake (wd:Q26703059)            | 1639 Amatrice earthquake (lang:en)            | 500 (xsd:decimal)   |      |
| 1732 Irpinia earthquake (wd:Q47069660)             | 1732 Irpinia earthquake (lang:en)             | 1940 (xsd:decimal)  |      |
| 1805 Molise earthquake (wd:Q20182653)              | 1805 Molise earthquake (lang:en)              | 5573 (xsd:decimal)  |      |
| 1900 Castel Giubileo train accident (wd:Q47508974) | 1900 Castel Giubileo train accident (lang:en) | 20 (xsd:decimal)    |      |
| ...                                                | ...                                           | ...                 | ...  |
| murder of Sergio Ramelli (wd:Q106541958)           | murder of Sergio Ramelli (lang:en)            | 1 (xsd:decimal)     |      |
| murder of Simonetta Cesaroni (wd:Q3705061)         | murder of Simonetta Cesaroni (lang:en)        | 1 (xsd:decimal)     |      |
| Murder of Simonetta Lamberti (wd:Q3961295)         | Murder of Simonetta Lamberti (lang:en)        | 1 (xsd:decimal)     |      |
| murder of Yara Gambirasio (wd:Q17263541)           | murder of Yara Gambirasio (lang:en)           | 1 (xsd:decimal)     |      |
| mysteries of Alleghe (wd:Q60840279)                | mysteries of Alleghe (lang:en)                | 5 (xsd:decimal)     |      |

[Assistant]
Proceeding to execute a SPARQL query that finds items with wdt:P17 wd:Q38 and p:P1120 and label containing 'covid'. This narrows to COVID-19 pandemic items in Italy.

SELECT ?s ?sLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  ?s wdt:P17 wd:Q38 .
  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en" && CONTAINS(LCASE(?sLabel), "covid"))
}
ORDER BY ?date

Got 8 rows and 4 columns:
| s                                          | sLabel                                | deaths               | date                                |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 3352 (xsd:decimal)   | 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 51965 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 65818 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 76768 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 156189 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-05-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 196154 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 208957 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 569904 (xsd:decimal) | 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query that looks for items with labels containing "pandemic" that have P1120 statements and are related to Italy (country/location/admin parent). This should find pandemic pages for Italy or Italian regions that record death counts. I'll execute it now.

SELECT ?s ?sLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en" && CONTAINS(LCASE(?sLabel), "pandemic")) .
  { ?s wdt:P17 wd:Q38 } UNION { ?s wdt:P276 wd:Q38 } UNION { ?s wdt:P131* ?adm . ?adm wdt:P17 wd:Q38 }
}
ORDER BY ?date

Got 16 rows and 4 columns, showing the first 5 and last 5 rows below:
| s                                          | sLabel                                | deaths               | date                                |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 3352 (xsd:decimal)   | 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 3352 (xsd:decimal)   | 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 51965 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 51965 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 65818 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| ...                                        | ...                                   | ...                  | ...                                 |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 196154 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 208957 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 208957 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 569904 (xsd:decimal) | 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | 569904 (xsd:decimal) | 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
I'll check whether Italy (wd:Q38) itself has P1120 statements (number of deaths).

SELECT ?stmt ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  wd:Q38 p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
}

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query to inspect the qualifiers and references on the Italy P1120 statement node so I can determine whether it's specifically about COVID-19 (e.g., via an 'applies to' qualifier or a reference mentioning COVID-19).

SELECT ?qualPred ?qualPredLabel ?qualObj ?qualObjLabel WHERE {
  wd:Q38 p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .

  # show qualifier predicates and objects
  ?stmt ?qualPred ?qualObj .
  FILTER(STRSTARTS(STR(?qualPred), "http://www.wikidata.org/prop/qualifier") || STRSTARTS(STR(?qualPred), "http://www.wikidata.org/prop/reference") || STRSTARTS(STR(?qualPred), "http://www.wikidata.org/prop/") )
  OPTIONAL { ?qualPred rdfs:label ?qualPredLabel FILTER(LANG(?qualPredLabel) = "en") }
  OPTIONAL { ?qualObj rdfs:label ?qualObjLabel FILTER(LANG(?qualObjLabel) = "en") }
}
LIMIT 200

[Assistant]
I'll execute a SPARQL query to find numeric literal values directly on the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy item, which may reveal death counts recorded as numeric literals.

SELECT ?p ?pLabel ?o WHERE {
  wd:Q84104992 ?p ?o .
  FILTER(datatype(?o) = xsd:decimal || datatype(?o) = xsd:integer || datatype(?o) = xsd:double ) .
  OPTIONAL { ?p rdfs:label ?pLabel FILTER(LANG(?pLabel) = "en") }
}
LIMIT 200

Got 6 rows and 3 columns:
| p                              | pLabel | o                       |
| ------------------------------ | ------ | ----------------------- |
| case fatality rate (wdt:P3457) |        | 0.0073333 (xsd:decimal) |
| case fatality rate (wdt:P3457) |        | 0.1263 (xsd:decimal)    |
| case fatality rate (wdt:P3457) |        | 0.1267 (xsd:decimal)    |
| case fatality rate (wdt:P3457) |        | 0.1273 (xsd:decimal)    |
| case fatality rate (wdt:P3457) |        | 0.1277 (xsd:decimal)    |
| case fatality rate (wdt:P3457) |        | 0.1279 (xsd:decimal)    |

[Assistant]
Querying parts via property path wdt:P527|wdt:P361 to find region pages with death counts.

SELECT DISTINCT ?part ?partLabel ?country ?countryLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  BIND(wd:Q84104992 AS ?pandemic)
  BIND(wd:Q38 AS ?country)
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER(LANG(?countryLabel) = "en") .

  # parts or the pandemic being part of items
  wd:Q84104992 (wdt:P527|wdt:P361) ?part .

  # number of deaths on the part items
  ?part p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .

  ?part rdfs:label ?partLabel FILTER(LANG(?partLabel) = "en")
}
ORDER BY ?date

Got 8 rows and 6 columns:
| part                                       | partLabel                             | country        | countryLabel    | deaths               | date                                |
| ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------- | -------------- | --------------- | -------------------- | ----------------------------------- |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 3352 (xsd:decimal)   | 2020-03-18T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 51965 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-05T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 65818 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-09T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 76768 (xsd:decimal)  | 2020-04-12T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 156189 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-05-10T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 196154 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-06-30T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 208957 (xsd:decimal) | 2020-09-03T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |
| COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (wd:Q86458103) | COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (lang:en) | Italy (wd:Q38) | Italy (lang:en) | 569904 (xsd:decimal) | 2021-01-06T00:00:00Z (xsd:dateTime) |

[Assistant]
I'll run a SPARQL query to list all P1120 statements on Italy (wd:Q38), include their dates and any reference URLs to help see if they're COVID-related.

SELECT ?stmt ?deaths ?date ?refUrl WHERE {
  wd:Q38 p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt prov:wasDerivedFrom ?ref .
    OPTIONAL { ?ref pr:P854 ?refUrl }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

[Assistant]
I'll check for P1120 statements that have an 'applies to' qualifier (P518) pointing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy (wd:Q84104992). If present, that would indicate the death counts are explicitly tied to the pandemic item. I'll run that query now.

SELECT ?s ?sLabel ?deaths ?date WHERE {
  ?s p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  ?stmt pq:P518 wd:Q84104992 .
  ?s rdfs:label ?sLabel FILTER(LANG(?sLabel) = "en")
}
ORDER BY ?date

[Assistant]
Final SPARQL will return Italy (its IRI), the death counts from P1120 on the Italy item, the point-in-time dates (pq:P585), and reference URLs when available. The result (from earlier exploratory queries) shows one P1120 statement on Italy with deaths 713499 and date 2022-01-01; reference points to an ISTAT URL. I'll return that query and the answer noting the caveat that this death count on Italy is not explicitly qualified as COVID-19 on Wikidata.

answer

SELECT ?country ?countryLabel ?deaths ?date ?refUrl WHERE {
  BIND(wd:Q38 AS ?country) .
  ?country rdfs:label ?countryLabel FILTER(LANG(?countryLabel) = "en") .

  # number of deaths statements on the country item
  ?country p:P1120 ?stmt .
  ?stmt ps:P1120 ?deaths .
  OPTIONAL { ?stmt pq:P585 ?date } .
  OPTIONAL {
    ?stmt prov:wasDerivedFrom ?ref .
    OPTIONAL { ?ref pr:P854 ?refUrl }
  }
}
ORDER BY ?date

Answer: Query results: The query returns Italy (wd:Q38) and its P1120 (number of deaths) statements. The data found on Wikidata for Italy is: - country: Italy (wd:Q38) - number of deaths: 713499 - date (point in time): 2022-01-01 - reference URL: http://demo.istat.it/bil2018/index.html Caveat: During exploration I could not find number-of-deaths (P1120) statements directly on the item "COVID-19 pandemic in Italy" (wd:Q84104992). The P1120 statement found above is on the Italy country item and is not explicitly qualified on Wikidata as being specific to COVID-19; the reference is to ISTAT. If you want strictly COVID-19–attributed deaths, we can try to aggregate P1120 statements from COVID-related items (regional pandemic pages) or inspect sources/references for COVID-specific counts; let me know if you want the time series gathered across regional COVID-19 pages instead.